CN108790302B - 一种电致显色复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种电致显色复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108790302B
CN108790302B CN201810516758.9A CN201810516758A CN108790302B CN 108790302 B CN108790302 B CN 108790302B CN 201810516758 A CN201810516758 A CN 201810516758A CN 108790302 B CN108790302 B CN 108790302B
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李芳丽
李宪强
许福军
张万虎
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Tongxiang Zhaoli Composite Material Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

一种电致显色复合材料及其制备方法，该复合材料包括依次贴合连接的遮蔽层、显色层、电热层，所述遮蔽层为涂覆石蜡或浸渍石蜡的玻璃纤维织物或非染色化学纤维织物，所述显色层为具有染色和/或印花图案的天然纤维织物、化学纤维织物或薄膜，所述电热层为具有导电发热能力的纤维、织物或膜，将遮蔽层、显色层、电热层依次铺层后与环氧树脂进行复合得到电致显色复合材料。当发热层两端通电发热，将复合材料发热升温到60℃以上，遮蔽层的白色石蜡融化后变透明，使显色层的颜色或图案显示出来；当切断电源后石蜡凝固，复合材料恢复到白色，从而实现电致显色复合材料，简单易行，在电子产品外壳和广告行业等领域具有广泛应用。

Description

一种电致显色复合材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于新材料领域，具体涉及一种电致显色复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着电子信息产业和新材料领域的快速发展，人们对具有一定力学性能且具有特殊功能的材料需求日益广泛。显色材料是指在一定条件下，如通电、加热、微波等，材料的颜色会发生一定的变化。这类显色材料在智能材料、电子产品外壳和广告等领域具有巨大的需求。
显色材料通常是指电致变色、温敏变色或者光敏显色的涂层材料。电致变色材料的典型代表是三氧化钨和聚噻吩类及其衍生物、紫罗精类、四硫富瓦烯、金属酞菁类化合物等。以紫罗精类为功能材料的电致变色材料已经得到实际应用。光致变色材料是指受到光源激发后能够发生颜色变化的材料。20世纪60年代，美国的康宁工作室首先发现了含卤化银玻璃的可逆光致变色性能，并开发出变色眼镜。但由于其较高的成本及复杂的加工技术，不适于制作大面积光色玻璃，限制了其在建筑领域的商业应用。感温变色颜料是指在特定温度下因电子转移使有机物的分子结构发生变化，从而实现颜色转变。这种变色物质不仅颜色鲜艳，而且可以实现从“有色到无色”状态的颜色变化。但是，感温变色颜料的耐光性较差，在强烈阳光下暴晒会很快褪色失效，因此，应避免强烈阳光和紫外灯光的照射，这样有利于延长变色颜料的使用寿命，只适合在室内使用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种电致显色复合材料及其制备方法，该复合材料在通电条件下可将颜色和图案显现出来，在通断电过程中可重复使用，简单易行，成本低，可以实现产业化。
为达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案是：
一种电致显色复合材料，包括依次贴合连接的遮蔽层、显色层、电热层，所述遮蔽层为涂覆石蜡或浸渍石蜡的玻璃纤维织物或非染色化学纤维织物；所述显色层为具有染色和/或印花图案的天然纤维织物、化学纤维织物或薄膜；所述电热层为具有导电发热能力的纤维、织物或薄膜，或通过导电材料涂层后具有导电发热能力的纤维、织物或薄膜。
优选的，所述遮蔽层中织物厚度为0.5～2毫米，石蜡涂层厚度为0.1～3毫米。
优选的，所述遮蔽层中非染色化学纤维织物为涤纶纤维、聚丙烯纤维等化学纤维中的至少一种纤维编织成的织物。
所述显色层的厚度为10～500微米，显色层的厚度越薄导热性越好，遮蔽层的石蜡融化速度越快，使电致显色的过程也越快。本发明将显色层厚度控制在10～500微米内，确保了无论显色层选择何种材质的纤维、织物或薄膜，都具有传热功能，可将电热层产生的热量传到遮蔽层。
本发明中所述显色层可以为具有染色和/或印花图案的天然纤维织物，例如棉纤维、毛纤维、麻纤维中的至少一种；也可以为具有染色和/或印花图案的化学纤维织物；还可以为具有染色和/或印花图案的薄膜。
优选的，所述电热层为碳纤维织物、导电纤维的织物、或通过导电材料涂层的具有导电发热能力的纤维、织物或薄膜。
更优选的，所述导电纤维为石墨纤维、铜丝、钨丝、钢丝中的至少一种。
本发明还提供所述电致显色复合材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1)制作遮蔽层
将石蜡加热至60℃以上融化后均匀涂覆至玻璃纤维织物或非染色化学纤维织物表面获得遮蔽层，所述遮蔽层中织物表面形成的石蜡涂层厚度为0.1～3毫米；
2)固化成型
将遮蔽层、显色层、电热层按顺序铺好形成预制体，将预制体放置在模具中，利用真空树脂转移成型方法(VARTM方法)将环氧树脂溶液浸润到预制体中，室温下固化成型，脱模后得到电致显色复合材料；
3)在固化成型前或固化成型后在电热层两端连接电极。
本发明中所述遮蔽层、显色层、发热层依次铺层后与环氧树脂进行复合得到电致显色复合材料，其中，所述遮蔽层由涂覆石蜡或浸渍石蜡的玻璃纤维织物或非染色化学纤维织物构成，在其织物厚度为0.5～2毫米的情况下，当涂覆其上的石蜡熔化后，遮蔽层中织物也变为透明或接近透明的状态，所以当发热层两端通过电极通电以后发热，将复合材料升温到60℃以上，使遮蔽层的白色石蜡层融化，遮蔽层变透明，从而使遮蔽层下显色层的颜色和/或图案得以显现，从而实现电致显色。断电源后遮蔽层中的石蜡凝固，复合材料重新恢复到白色。本发明简单易行，提供的电致显色复合材料在电子产品外壳和广告行业等领域具有广泛应用。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
(1)本发明利用导电材料通电发热的原理，使复合材料的遮蔽层中石蜡融化，遮蔽层中织物由白色逐渐透明，从而使遮蔽层下显色层的颜色和/或图案得以显现。由于石蜡在受热条件下(在60℃以上)发生物理变化而透明，该过程为可逆过程，所以，本发明所述电致显色复合材料断电后将恢复白色。因此，本发明所提供的电致显色复合材料在通、断电过程中可以多次重复使用，在电子产品外壳和广告行业具有重要应用价值。
(2)本发明提供的制备方法简单易行，成本低，可以实现产业化。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1-4复合材料的结构示意图，1：遮蔽层，2：显色层，3：电热层。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明做进一步说明。应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解，在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1：基于铜丝织物的电致显色复合材料
(1)选用细度为400tex的玻璃纤维(巨石集团)织物，织物密度为10根/厘米，厚度为1毫米；将石蜡(湖北邦盛化工有限公司；型号：58#)放入加热槽中加热至60℃后融化；将玻璃纤维织物浸渍到石蜡中，采用刮涂法，将石蜡涂覆到玻璃纤维织物表面，形成白色的遮蔽层织物，石蜡涂覆厚度为0.3毫米。选用涤纶印花织物作为显色层，该涤纶印花织物的纤维细度为200tex，织物密度为20根/厘米，厚度为400微米。选用经纬密为10根/厘米的铜绞线织物，在其两端连接电极，作为电热层织物。将遮蔽层、显色层和电热层织物均裁剪成10厘米乘10厘米各一片，按照遮蔽层、显色层、电热层依次铺层得到预制体，如图1所示，将预制体放置在模具中。
(2)配置环氧树脂(广州恒粤化工有限公司，牌号：E-44)与配套的固化剂651聚酰胺按照体积比例为4：1的关系制成环氧树脂溶液300毫升。通过真空树脂转移成型工艺(VARTM)将配置好的环氧树脂溶液浸润到预制体的各层织物中，室温放置24小时固化成型，脱模后得到电致显色复合材料。
(3)将与电热层织物黏附的电极通10伏电，2秒钟后显色层上方的白色遮蔽层织物变成透明，显色层织物的图案得以显现，断电30秒后，复合材料表面恢复白色。
实施例2：基于铜丝织物的电致显色复合材料
(1)选用纤维细度300tex，织物密度25根的纯白色涤纶织物(绍兴柯桥灏元纺织品有限公司)，克重约：130g/m2，厚度为2毫米；将石蜡(湖北邦盛化工有限公司；型号：58#)放入加热槽中加热至60℃后融化；将玻璃纤维织物浸渍到石蜡中，采用刮涂法，将石蜡涂覆到玻璃纤维织物表面，形成白色的遮蔽层，石蜡涂覆厚度为0.1毫米。选用涤纶印花织物作为显色层，该涤纶印花织物的纤维细度为200tex，织物密度为20根/厘米，厚度为500微米。选用经纬密为10根/厘米的铜绞线织物，在其两端连接电极，作为电热层织物。将遮蔽层、显色层和电热层织物均裁剪成10厘米乘10厘米，各一片，按照遮蔽层、显色层、电热层依次铺层得到预制体，如图1所示，将预制体放置在模具中。
(2)配置环氧树脂(广州恒粤化工有限公司，牌号：E-44)与配套的固化剂651聚酰胺按照体积比例为4：1的关系制成环氧树脂溶液300毫升。通过真空树脂转移成型工艺(VARTM)将配置好的环氧树脂溶液浸润到预制体的各层织物中，室温放置24小时固化成型，脱模后得到电致显色复合材料。
(3)将与电热层织物黏附的电极通10伏电，2秒钟后显色层上方的白色遮蔽层织物变成透明，显色层织物的图案得以显现，断电30秒后，复合材料表面恢复白色。
实施例3：基于碳纤维的电致显色复合材料
(1)选用细度为400tex的玻璃纤维(巨石集团)织物，织物密度10根/厘米，厚度为1毫米；将石蜡(湖北邦盛化工有限公司；型号：58#)放入加热槽中加热至60℃后融化；将玻璃纤维织物浸渍到石蜡中，采用刮涂法，将石蜡涂覆到玻璃纤维织物表面，形成白色的遮蔽层，石蜡涂覆厚度为1毫米。选用印有字体的PVA塑料片作为显色层，厚度为100mm。选用经纬密为10根/厘米的铜绞线织物，在其两端链接电极，作为电热层织物。将遮蔽层、显色层和电热层均裁剪成10厘米乘10厘米各一片，按照遮蔽层、显色层、电热层依次铺层放置在模具中，如图1所示。
(1)配置环氧树脂(广州恒粤化工有限公司，牌号：E-44)与配套的固化剂651聚酰胺按照体积比例为4：1的关系制成环氧树脂溶液300毫升。通过真空树脂转移成型工艺将配置好的环氧树脂溶液浸润到各层织物中，室温放置24小时固化成型，脱模后得到电致显色复合材料。
(2)将与电热层织物的电极通10伏电，2秒钟后显色层上方的白色遮蔽织物变成透明，显色层织物的图案得以显示，断电30秒后，复合材料表面恢复白色。
实施例4：基于碳纳米管膜的电致显色复合材料
(1)选用细度为400tex的玻璃纤维(巨石集团)织物，织物密度10根/厘米，厚度为0.5毫米；将石蜡(湖北邦盛化工有限公司；型号：58#)放入加热槽中加热至60度后融化；采用刮涂法，将石蜡涂覆到玻璃纤维织物表面，形成白色的遮蔽层织物，石蜡涂覆厚度为3毫米。
(2)选用印有图案的棉织物作为显色层，厚度为300微米。选用厚度为20微米的碳纳米管薄膜(苏州捷迪纳米材料有限公司)，在其两端链接电极作为电热层。将遮蔽层、显色层和电热层均裁剪成10厘米乘10厘米各一片，按照遮蔽层、显色层、电热层依次铺层放置在模具中，如图1所示。
(3)配置环氧树脂(广州恒粤化工有限公司，牌号：E-44)与配套的固化剂651聚酰胺按照体积比例为4：1的关系制成环氧树脂溶液300毫升。通过真空树脂转移成型工艺将配置好的环氧树脂溶液浸润到织物中，室温放置24小时固化成型，脱模后得到电致显色复合材料。
(4)将与电热层织物的电极通10伏电，2秒钟后显色层上方的白色遮蔽织物变成透明，显色层织物的图案得以显示，断电30秒后，复合材料表面恢复白色。

Claims (2)

1.一种电致显色复合材料，其特征在于，包括依次贴合连接的遮蔽层、显色层、电热层，所述遮蔽层为涂覆石蜡的玻璃纤维织物或非染色化学纤维织物，所述显色层为具有染色和/或印花图案的天然纤维织物、化学纤维织物或薄膜，所述电热层为具有导电发热能力的纤维、织物或薄膜，或通过导电材料涂层后具有导电发热能力的纤维、织物或薄膜，所述具有导电发热能力的纤维为铜丝、钨丝、钢丝中的至少一种， 所述遮蔽层中织物厚度为0.5～2毫米，石蜡涂层厚度为0.1～3毫米，所述非染色化学纤维织物为涤纶纤维、聚丙烯纤维中至少一种编织成的织物，所述显色层中天然纤维织物为棉纤维、毛纤维、麻纤维中的至少一种，所述显色层的厚度为10～500微米。
2.如权利要求1所述的电致显色复合材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1)制作遮蔽层
将石蜡加热至60℃以上融化后均匀涂覆至玻璃纤维织物或非染色化学纤维织物表面获得遮蔽层，所述遮蔽层中织物表面形成的石蜡涂层厚度为0.1～3毫米；
2)固化成型
按照遮蔽层、显色层、电热层依次铺好放置在模具中，利用VARTM方法将环氧树脂溶液浸润到遮蔽层、显色层、电热层中，室温下固化成型，脱模后得到电致显色复合材料；
3)在固化成型前或固化成型后在电热层两端连接电极。
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