CN108788436A - A kind of technique connecting fusion reactor material tungsten and steel using the diffusion of hydrogen metal is set - Google Patents
A kind of technique connecting fusion reactor material tungsten and steel using the diffusion of hydrogen metal is set Download PDFInfo
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- CN108788436A CN108788436A CN201810566930.1A CN201810566930A CN108788436A CN 108788436 A CN108788436 A CN 108788436A CN 201810566930 A CN201810566930 A CN 201810566930A CN 108788436 A CN108788436 A CN 108788436A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/02—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press ; Diffusion bonding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of using the technique for setting hydrogen metal diffusion connection fusion reactor material tungsten and steel, using the pure titanium for setting hydrogen in advance（Vanadium）And its alloy can both reduce welding temperature as buffer layer material, reduce the reaction product generated between transition zone and steel；Transition zone yield strength is reduced, is conducive to be sustained stress；Meet low activation requirement of the fusion reactor to material again, reduces intermediate layer material and generate brittleness reaction product reduction quality of connection with steel；Tungsten/steel Joining Technology method of intermediate layer material high temperature sustained release residual stress ability can be improved again.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of using the technique for setting hydrogen metal diffusion connection fusion reactor material tungsten and steel, category metal Diffusion Welding
Field.
Background technology
Chinese fusion ETR Engineering Test Reactor（CFETR）And external various demonstration heaps（DEMO）The first wall components to be in hydrogen same
In the prime ring border of position, and deuterium will be born（D）+ tritium（T）React the 14MeV neutrons generated and the irradiation of other high energy particles, therefore first
Wall components are designed to facing plasma material mostly（Such as tungsten）And structural material（Such as low activation ferrite/martensite
Steel）It is formed by connecting.But tungsten and steel are the larger different metal materials of two kinds of ermal physics attribute differences, not only line expansion is the two
Number differs greatly, and will produce larger thermal stress, while can also generate brittleness reaction product reduction weld performance.
In current present Research both at home and abroad, the solid-state diffusion welding technique using addition intermediate layer is a kind of comparison
Potential tungsten/steel interconnection technique.However, the selection of intermediate layer material is a prodigious problem, because middle layer is not only wanted
The welding performance of tungsten/steel, such as bonding strength, interfacial reaction products, thermal stress slow release effect etc., it is also necessary to adapt to can be improved
The harsh following fusion reactor plasma facing material Service Environment：（1）D+T reactions generate 14MeV neutrons, it is desirable that the low work of material element
Change to meet the standard of low emission nuke rubbish；（2）Hydrogen isotope environment inside fusion reactor, it is desirable that material is in hydrogen isotope atmosphere
Brittle fracture does not occur；（3）D, T foreign particle stream require material to have good heat resistanceheat resistant punching under the conditions of plasma radiation
Hit performance.
However, intermediate layer material used by tungsten/steel connection cannot meet requirements above at present：
（1）Using Ni, effective connection of tungsten/steel may be implemented in the metals such as Cu.The thermal conductivity of Ni and Cu is higher, and using Ni, Cu is very
It can extremely obtain that interface residual stress is smaller and high-quality tungsten/steel connector of reactionless product, but the two is all overactivity element, no
It is suitble to demand of the future fusion reactor to low-activation material.
（2）The low activations such as Ti, V metal can also realize the connection of tungsten/steel, but be compared with Ni, Cu, simple metal Ti, V
With steel in higher temperature（≥900℃）FeTi is easily formed when welding2,V2The brittleness reaction product such as C weakens joint performance.
By taking pure titanium as an example, pure titanium at room temperature is organized as α-Ti structures, and the essential element Fe in steel, Cr etc. and high temperature
Phase β-Ti crystal structure of element is identical, therefore the solubility of Fe, Cr in β-Ti is higher, and the solubility in α-Ti is relatively low.
α-Ti are to about 880 DEG C or so of β-Ti transition temperatures, if welded using higher temperature, Ti and steel easily form brittleness reaction product,
It is welded according to lower temperature, then the diffusion between Ti and steel can be weakened.
The yield strength of transition zone can have an impact the residual stress between sustained release tungsten and steel simultaneously, compared to Cu and Ni
The yield strength of metal, Ti is relatively high, is unfavorable for the sustained release of residual stress.
But Ti, V element meet the requirement of fusion reactor low-activation material, therefore study the performance of improvement Ti or V metals simultaneously
So that it is met tungsten and steel welding requirements, the continuous service of fusion reactor is had a very important significance.
For a long time, it is believed that protium can lead to Ti METAL EMBRITTLEMENTs, but in recent years researches show that：
（1）As can be seen that H is a kind of strong β-Ti stable elements from Ti-H phasors, the phase that it can be substantially reduced alpha-beta Ti turns
Temperature（From ~ 880 DEG C-~ 330 DEG C）, this advantageously reduces tungsten/titanium/steel connection temperature, and the brittleness reduced between Ti and steel is reacted
The appearance of product.The formation of β-Ti can promote the diffusion between Ti and steel, improve bonding strength, compensate for drop to a certain extent
Influence of the low welding temperature to diffusion.
（2）A small amount of protium is added in titanium and its alloy can improve the processing performance and flow stress of Ti so that
Yield strength reduces, this is conducive to be sustained residual stress.
（3）As a kind of interim alloy element, existence of the hydrogen in titanium is reversible, and can be removed by annealing
The hydrogen isotope dissolved in Ti.
Therefore, it uses hydrogenated titanium alloy as buffer layer material, fusion reactor can be met well, the low activation of material is wanted
It asks, while solving to will appear brittleness reaction product between tungsten/titanium/steel, spread weaker between titanium/steel, yield strength is larger unfavorable
The problems such as being sustained residual stress.Using setting hydrogen titanium（Vanadium）Alloy as buffer layer material solid-state diffusion welds tungsten and steel, and to be one kind have
The fusion reactor plasma facing material tungsten of potentiality and steel connection method.
Invention content
The present invention is to solve to commonly use simple metal transition zone such as nickel in the prior art, and copper etc. cannot function as low-activation material and answer
In fusion reactor component；The problems such as titanium, vanadium etc. easily generate brittleness reaction product with steel, and titanium yield strength is higher.It provides
It is a kind of it is novel set hydrogen metal intermediate layer, the requirement of fusion reactor material low activation can be met；It reduces and reacts production with steel generation brittleness
Object；Tungsten/steel Joining Technology method of sustained release stress ability can be effectively improved again.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：
It is a kind of using the technique for setting hydrogen metal diffusion connection fusion reactor material tungsten and steel, which is characterized in that processing step is：
1) tungsten, steel and the buffer layer material for not setting hydrogen needed for solid-state diffusion welding are prepared, and to tungsten, steel and transition zone material
The surface to be welded of material carries out grinding and polishing processing, make the surface roughness of the surface to be welded of tungsten, steel and buffer layer material less than Ra≤
3.2 μm, simultaneously Vacuum Package is for use for cleaning after grinding and polishing；
2) it is that 0-1 wt% set hydrogen alloy to set hydrogen methods to preset to mass fraction with solid-state by buffer layer material obtained above；
3) centre for setting hydrogen alloy and being placed in leaf and bloom is superimposed with each other, using solid-state diffusions such as vacuum hotpressing or hot isostatic pressings
Welding method carries out soldering, the workpiece after being welded；
4) it uses vacuum annealing method to carry out dehydrogenation to the workpiece after welding, realizes the connection of fusion reactor material tungsten and steel.
Described is a kind of using the technique for setting hydrogen metal diffusion connection fusion reactor material tungsten and steel, it is characterised in that：It is described
Steel be low activation ferrite/martensite（RAFM）Steel or other low activation steels.
Described is a kind of using the technique for setting hydrogen metal diffusion connection fusion reactor material tungsten and steel, it is characterised in that：It is described
Buffer layer material be titanium, vanadium, titanium alloy or vanadium alloy.
Described is a kind of using the technique for setting hydrogen metal diffusion connection fusion reactor material tungsten and steel, it is characterised in that：Step
2）It is that buffer layer material is placed in heating furnace that middle solid-state, which sets hydrogen method, is filled with the high-purity hydrogen that pressure is 200Pa-0.1MPa, rises
Temperature accelerates diffusion of the hydrogen in buffer layer material, 200 DEG C -700 DEG C, soaking time 1-10h of holding temperature to obtain setting hydrogen conjunction
Gold.
A kind of technique connecting fusion reactor material tungsten and steel using the diffusion of hydrogen metal is set, it is characterised in that：Step 3）In adopt
Technological parameter when with vacuum hotpressing is vacuum degree≤10-2Pa, 600 DEG C -1050 DEG C, soaking time 0.5-6h of welding temperature, weldering
Meet pressure 5-20MPa.
Described is a kind of using the technique for setting hydrogen metal diffusion connection fusion reactor material tungsten and steel, it is characterised in that：Step
3）In, it needs to machine jacket when welding method using hot isostatic pressing solid-state diffusion, jacket includes box body and head cover；After hydrogen being set
Set hydrogen alloy be placed in leaf and bloom centre be superimposed with each other after be put into jacket, and by electron beam or argon arc welding by box
After body and head cover encapsulation, then obtained jacket is integrally sent into hot isostatic press and carries out hip treatment, holding temperature 600
DEG C -1050 DEG C, welding pressure 100-200MPa, soaking time 0.5-6h；Hot isostatic pressing removes jacket later, after being welded
Workpiece.
A kind of described fusion reactor plasma facing material tungsten and steel Joining Technology, it is characterised in that：Step 3）In, in leaf and
Bloom lateral surface is placed with molybdenum sheet.
Described is a kind of using the technique for setting hydrogen metal diffusion connection fusion reactor material tungsten and steel, it is characterised in that：Step
4）After middle dehydrogenation, diffusion welding temperature is also needed to carry out at postwelding heat higher than the workpiece of the austenitizing temperature of steel
Reason.
It is low that fusion reactor material tungsten, steel and the buffer layer material, which all needs the requirement for meeting low-activation material, Steel material,
Activate ferrite/martensite（RAFM）Steel or other low activation steels, buffer layer material are titanium（Vanadium）And its alloy.It is described to set hydrogen gold
Category is placed in hydrogen as interim alloy element in metal, the obtained metal containing a certain amount of protium.
Buffer layer material solid-state or liquid are set hydrogen methods to preset to certain mass score（0-1 wt%）Set hydrogen
Alloy is set hydrogen technique and is changed with buffer layer material difference.
Tungsten after connection/set hydrogen metal/steel workpiece is carried out by dehydrogenation, dehydrogenation process and institute using vacuum annealing method
Selection to set hydrogen metal related.
Workpiece to diffusion welding temperature higher than the austenitizing temperature of steel also needs to carry out postwelding after dehydrogenation
Heat treatment restores the tissue and performance of steel.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
Using the pure titanium for setting hydrogen in advance（Vanadium）And its alloy can both reduce welding temperature as buffer layer material, reduce transition
The reaction product generated between layer and steel；Transition zone yield strength is reduced, is conducive to be sustained stress；Meet fusion reactor again to material
Low activation requirement.Therefore difficulty existing in the prior art can be solved very well, be a kind of very promising fusion reactor material
The Joining Technology method of tungsten and steel.
Description of the drawings
The structural schematic diagram of Fig. 1 media layer damages of the present invention.
Assembling schematic diagram when vacuum hotpressing is used in Fig. 2 present invention.
Hot isostatic pressing jacket schematic diagram when in Fig. 3 present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Now with Chinese the first wall of fusion engineering test reactor (CFETR) water cooling ceramic cladding (WCCB) (FW), tungsten with it is low
Further description is carried out for activation steel vacuum hotpressing welding.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, a kind of manufacturing process connected with steel suitable for fusion reactor the first wall components tungsten, technique step
Suddenly it is：
1) leaf 1 needed for machining vacuum hotpressing welding, the pure titanium sheet 3 of transition metal of bloom 2 and hydrogen to be set, such as Fig. 1
It is shown.The surface roughness on surface to be welded is refined with grinding machine to≤0.8 μm of Ra, and sample is placed in 35 DEG C of acetone solns
30min is cleaned, removes surface grease and dirt, Vacuum Package is for use after taking-up.
2) titanium sheet 3 after processing is subjected to vacuum annealing process, vacuum degree≤10-4Pa, 700 DEG C of annealing temperature, when annealing
Between 5h, remove the water and the gases such as hydrogen in titanium sheet 3.
3) it is 10 using precision before setting hydrogen-5The precision balance of g weighs to titanium sheet 3, is set using solid-state after weighing
Titanium sheet 3 after annealing is placed in vacuum drying oven by hydrogen method.It is first filled with the high-purity hydrogen 200Pa-0.1MPa of certain pressure intensity, is then risen
Temperature accelerates diffusion of the hydrogen in titanium, 200 DEG C -700 DEG C of holding temperature, soaking time 1-10h.It is filled with gas by changing
Pressure, holding temperature, soaking time etc. control the content of hydrogen in a metal（0-1 wt%）.
4) titanium sheet 3 after hydrogen will be set to be weighed again to measure content of the hydrogen in titanium.
5) titanium sheet 3 containing certain hydrogen content is combined to be put into vacuum hotpressing machine with leaf 1 and bloom 2 and carries out hot pressing.
Vacuum hotpressing vacuum degree needs≤10-2Pa, 600 DEG C -1050 DEG C of holding temperature, welding pressure 5-20MPa.To prevent hot pressing compressing head
With 2 adhesion of leaf 1 and bloom, on leaf 1 and a piece of molybdenum sheet 4 is placed below in bloom 2, as shown in Figure 2.
6) workpiece after welding is put into vacuum annealing furnace and carries out dehydrogenation, dehydrogenation specification technique need to be directed to and be used
Titanium material formulated.
If 7) welding temperature be higher than ~ 760 DEG C, need to weldment carry out post weld heat treatment, heat treatment parameter with used
Low activation steel heat treating regime it is identical.
8) according to hot isostatic press welding method, processing step 1）-4）It is similar with vacuum hot-pressing, in addition to prepare workpiece with
Outside, it is also necessary to prepare jacket, the jacket is for fixing workpiece and preventing the tooling of oxidation, as shown in Figure 3.
9) after machining jacket, workpiece is packed into according to mode shown in Fig. 1 in jacket, is welded with electron beam or argon arc welding
Connect encapsulation.Jacket includes box body 5 and head cover 6；By set after hydrogen set hydrogen alloy be placed in leaf and bloom centre be superimposed with each other after
It is put into jacket, and after being encapsulated box body and head cover by electron beam or argon arc welding, then obtained jacket is integrally sent into heat
Hip treatment is carried out by the effect of pressure head 7 in isostatic pressing machine.
10) it is sent into hot isostatic press and carries out hot isostatic pressing, system and vacuum hotpressing step 5）It is similar, pressure 100-
200MPa。
11) after hot isostatic pressing, jacket need to be removed, and according to vacuum hotpressing step 6）With 7) handled.
The basic principles, main features and advantages of the invention have been shown and described above.The technical staff of the industry should
Understand, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and what has been described in the above embodiment and specification is only the principle of the present invention,
Various changes and improvements may be made to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope, these changes and improvements are both fallen within
In the range of claimed invention.The present invention claims protection domain by appended claims and its equivalent circle
It is fixed.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of using the technique for setting hydrogen metal diffusion connection fusion reactor material tungsten and steel, which is characterized in that processing step is：
Tungsten, steel and the buffer layer material for not setting hydrogen needed for solid-state diffusion welding are prepared, and to tungsten, steel and buffer layer material
Surface to be welded carry out grinding and polishing processing, make the surface to be welded of tungsten, steel and buffer layer material surface roughness be less than Ra≤3.2
μm, simultaneously Vacuum Package is for use for cleaning after grinding and polishing；
It is that 0-1 wt% set hydrogen alloy that buffer layer material obtained above is set hydrogen methods to preset to mass fraction with solid-state；
The centre for setting hydrogen alloy and being placed in leaf and bloom is superimposed with each other, using solids control equipments such as vacuum hotpressing or hot isostatic pressings
It connects method and carries out soldering, the workpiece after being welded；
Dehydrogenation is carried out to the workpiece after welding using vacuum annealing method, realizes the connection of fusion reactor material tungsten and steel.
2. it is according to claim 1 a kind of using the technique for setting hydrogen metal diffusion connection fusion reactor material tungsten and steel, it is special
Sign is：The steel is low activation ferrite/martensite（RAFM）Steel or other low activation steels.
3. it is according to claim 1 a kind of using the technique for setting hydrogen metal diffusion connection fusion reactor material tungsten and steel, it is special
Sign is：The buffer layer material is titanium, vanadium, titanium alloy or vanadium alloy.
4. it is according to claim 1 a kind of using the technique for setting hydrogen metal diffusion connection fusion reactor material tungsten and steel, it is special
Sign is：Step 2）It is that buffer layer material is placed in heating furnace that middle solid-state, which sets hydrogen method, and it is 200Pa-0.1MPa's to be filled with pressure
High-purity hydrogen, diffusion of the heating acceleration hydrogen in buffer layer material, 200 DEG C -700 DEG C, soaking time 1-10h of holding temperature,
It obtains setting hydrogen alloy.
5. it is according to claim 1 a kind of using the technique for setting hydrogen metal diffusion connection fusion reactor material tungsten and steel, it is special
Sign is：Step 3）It is middle to use technological parameter when vacuum hotpressing for vacuum degree≤10-2Pa, 600 DEG C -1050 DEG C of welding temperature,
Soaking time 0.5-6h, welding pressure 5-20MPa.
6. it is according to claim 1 a kind of using the technique for setting hydrogen metal diffusion connection fusion reactor material tungsten and steel, it is special
Sign is：Step 3）In, it needs to machine jacket when welding method using hot isostatic pressing solid-state diffusion, jacket includes box body and top
Lid；By set after hydrogen set hydrogen alloy be placed in leaf and bloom centre be superimposed with each other after be put into jacket, and pass through electron beam
Or after argon arc welding encapsulates box body and head cover, then obtained jacket is integrally sent into hot isostatic press and is carried out at hot isostatic pressing
Reason, 600 DEG C -1050 DEG C, welding pressure 100-200MPa, soaking time 0.5-6h of holding temperature；Hot isostatic pressing removes packet later
Set, the workpiece after being welded.
7. a kind of fusion reactor plasma facing material tungsten according to claim 1 and steel Joining Technology, it is characterised in that：Step 3）
In, it is placed with molybdenum sheet in leaf and bloom lateral surface.
8. it is according to claim 1 a kind of using the technique for setting hydrogen metal diffusion connection fusion reactor material tungsten and steel, it is special
Sign is：Step 4）It, need to also be into higher than the workpiece of the austenitizing temperature of steel to diffusion welding temperature after middle dehydrogenation
Row post weld heat treatment.
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Cited By (13)
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| CN109396631A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-03-01 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | A kind of tungsten/transition zone/stainless steel hot isostatic pressing diffusion connection method |
| CN110538992A (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2019-12-06 | 深圳市鑫迪科技有限公司 | Diffusion welding process for tungsten alloy and 316L stainless steel |
| CN111347147A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2020-06-30 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Hot isostatic pressing connection method of tungsten and heat sink material |
| CN111421218A (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2020-07-17 | 上海交通大学 | Hydrogen-containing Ti2Low-temperature diffusion welding method for AlNb-based alloy and TC4 titanium alloy |
| CN111687530A (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2020-09-22 | 中南大学 | Method for compounding hydrogen absorption expansion substance and other materials |
| CN112496518A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-03-16 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Diffusion bonding method of tungsten and low-activation steel |
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| CN113909666A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-01-11 | 中南大学 | Low-temperature diffusion connection method for tungsten alloy and stainless steel |
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| CN113165337B (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2023-04-28 | 俄罗斯国立科技大学莫斯科钢铁合金研究所 | Method for manufacturing composite material based on vanadium alloy and steel |
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| CN111687530B (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2022-02-01 | 中南大学 | Method for compounding hydrogen absorption expansion substance and other materials |
| CN111687530A (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2020-09-22 | 中南大学 | Method for compounding hydrogen absorption expansion substance and other materials |
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| CN111421218A (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2020-07-17 | 上海交通大学 | Hydrogen-containing Ti2Low-temperature diffusion welding method for AlNb-based alloy and TC4 titanium alloy |
| CN113909801A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2022-01-11 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Preparation method of low-activation steel and tungsten all-solid-solution joint |
| CN112496518A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-03-16 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Diffusion bonding method of tungsten and low-activation steel |
| CN112496518B (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2022-03-22 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Diffusion bonding method of tungsten and low-activation steel |
| CN112643188A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-13 | 浙江最成半导体科技有限公司 | Vacuum diffusion bonding method for target and back plate |
| CN113020772A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-25 | 上海交通大学 | Low-temperature rapid diffusion welding method for titanium alloy |
| CN113909666A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-01-11 | 中南大学 | Low-temperature diffusion connection method for tungsten alloy and stainless steel |
| CN114193096A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-18 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Hot isostatic pressing diffusion bonding method for vanadium alloy and steel |
| CN114193096B (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2023-08-15 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Hot isostatic pressing diffusion connection method for vanadium alloy and steel |
| CN114083005A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-02-25 | 北京石墨烯技术研究院有限公司 | Turning device |
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