CN108778702A - 用于制造宽幅材料的方法、宽幅材料用于弹性体制品强化层的用途及车辆充气轮胎 - Google Patents

用于制造宽幅材料的方法、宽幅材料用于弹性体制品强化层的用途及车辆充气轮胎 Download PDF

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CN108778702A
CN108778702A CN201680081481.0A CN201680081481A CN108778702A CN 108778702 A CN108778702 A CN 108778702A CN 201680081481 A CN201680081481 A CN 201680081481A CN 108778702 A CN108778702 A CN 108778702A
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诺贝特·肯德齐奥拉
克里斯蒂安·韦伯
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    • B60C19/00—Tyre parts or constructions not otherwise provided for
    • B60C19/08—Electric-charge-dissipating arrangements
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29D30/06—Pneumatic tyres or parts thereof (e.g. produced by casting, moulding, compression moulding, injection moulding, centrifugal casting)
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D30/00—Producing pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
    • B29D30/06—Pneumatic tyres or parts thereof (e.g. produced by casting, moulding, compression moulding, injection moulding, centrifugal casting)
    • B29D30/70—Annular breakers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
    • B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
    • B60C9/2003—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel characterised by the materials of the belt cords
    • B60C9/2006—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel characterised by the materials of the belt cords consisting of steel cord plies only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D30/00—Producing pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
    • B29D30/06—Pneumatic tyres or parts thereof (e.g. produced by casting, moulding, compression moulding, injection moulding, centrifugal casting)
    • B29D30/38—Textile inserts, e.g. cord or canvas layers, for tyres; Treatment of inserts prior to building the tyre
    • B29D2030/381—Textile inserts, e.g. cord or canvas layers, for tyres; Treatment of inserts prior to building the tyre the inserts incorporating reinforcing parallel cords; manufacture thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/08—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
    • B29K2105/0809—Fabrics
    • B29K2105/0836—Knitted fabrics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/08—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
    • B29K2105/0809—Fabrics
    • B29K2105/0845—Woven fabrics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/08—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
    • B29K2105/10—Cords, strands or rovings, e.g. oriented cords, strands or rovings
    • B29K2105/101—Oriented
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/08—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
    • B29K2105/10—Cords, strands or rovings, e.g. oriented cords, strands or rovings
    • B29K2105/101—Oriented
    • B29K2105/105—Oriented uni directionally
    • B29K2105/106—Oriented uni directionally longitudinally
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    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/12—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
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    • B29K2105/14—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles oriented
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    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
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Abstract

一种用于制造宽幅材料(1)的方法，该宽幅材料由嵌入橡胶混合物中的、彼此平行地延伸的、由钢制成的增强载体(2)构成，该方法具有以下步骤：d)制造形成上板(3)的宽幅橡胶混合物和形成下板(4)的第二宽幅橡胶混合物，e)将由彼此平行延伸的多个增强载体(2)制成的宽幅增强载体(2a)在应力下引导穿过辊式轧光机(5)的辊间隙，f)从该宽幅增强载体(2a)的一侧将该上板(3)、且从该宽幅增强载体的另一侧将该下板(4)引导穿过该辊式轧光机(5)的辊间隙，与该宽幅增强载体(2a)接合到一起。该宽幅增强载体(2a)在其进入该辊间隙中之前或之时被提供了至少基本上横向于该宽幅增强载体(2a)的延伸方向、分别接触这些增强载体(2)的至少一部分的多条纱线(7)，这些纱线由不导电的纺织载体纱线构成，这些纺织载体纱线设有由导电材料制成的涂层。

Description

用于制造宽幅材料的方法、宽幅材料用于弹性体制品强化层 的用途及车辆充气轮胎
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制造宽幅材料的方法，该宽幅材料由嵌入橡胶混合物中的、彼此平行地延伸的、由钢制成的增强载体制成，该方法具有以下步骤：
a)制造形成上板的宽幅橡胶混合物和形成下板的第二宽幅橡胶混合物，
b)将由彼此平行延伸的多个增强载体制成的宽幅增强载体在应力下引导穿过辊式轧光机的辊间隙，
c)从该宽幅增强载体的一侧将上板、且从该宽幅增强载体的另一侧将下板引导穿过辊式轧光机的辊间隙，与该宽幅增强载体接合到一起。
本发明此外涉及根据本发明制造的宽幅材料的用途。
背景技术
由嵌入橡胶混合物(所谓的橡胶化混合物)中的、彼此平行延伸的、由钢制成的增强载体形成的宽幅材料尤其被用于制造车辆充气轮胎中的带束层，但是也被用于制造在其他弹性体制品(例如输送带) 中的强化层。钢帘线本身是可导电的，但是其导电性在强化层、例如车辆充气轮胎的带束层中是不可用的。此外，橡胶化材料的导电性大多数情况下同样非常小或者该材料不导电。
发明内容
为了在车辆充气轮胎的不可导电的胎面(该胎面例如包含硅酸作为填料)和轮辋之间建立导电连接，从US 8,869,857 B2中已知的是：在胎面中安装所谓的“碳心束(CarbonCenter Beam)”，该碳心束与可导电的下板接触，该下板本身借助于在周向上在带束层上环绕的可导电的元件且与在胎体上延伸的另外的可导电的材料接触，该另外的可导电的元件本身接触轮辋。这些可导电的元件可以是由可导电的橡胶材料制成的窄条。
本发明的目的在于，能够使用设有彼此平行延伸的钢帘线的强化层、尤其车辆充气轮胎中的带束层作为隔离的导电板，从而例如带束层例如能够被用于给安装在轮胎中的耗电器(如传感器、致动器等) 供电或相邻的带束层能够借助于刺穿传感器连接，以便能够通过电阻的改变来确定由于从外部侵入的金属部件(例如钉)而损伤了带束。
根据本发明，所提出的目的通过以下方式来实现：该宽幅增强载体在其进入该辊间隙中之前或之时被提供了至少基本上横向于该宽幅增强载体的延伸方向、分别接触这些增强载体的至少一部分的多条纱线，这些纱线由不导电的纺织载体纱线构成，这些纺织载体纱线设有由导电材料制成的涂层。
在穿过辊式轧光机时，纱线的涂层与上板和下板的橡胶材料连接并以此方式相应地多个在多个增强载体之间形成导电的通路。在此，不可导电的载体纱线仅仅用于将可导电的涂层“传递”到橡胶化混合物中，该橡胶化混合物的机械特性、例如其强度并不重要。载体纱线能够在轧光过程中和/或在使用经硫化的产品、例如车辆充气轮胎时已经毫不费力地折断或者破坏。重要的是，产生嵌入橡胶材料中的导电的通路，从而例如带束层能够作为导电“板”起作用。因此，例如刺穿传感器能够通过电阻的改变来确定：是否有例如金属物体侵入带束复合体中。
存在如下多种可能性：在本发明的范围中，借助于导电的纱线连接宽幅增强载体的增强载体。
在本发明的一种优选的实施方式中，在宽幅增强载体进入辊间隙中之前，将多条单独的纱线放置到该宽幅增强载体上。该措施可以以简单的方式且自动地执行。
在另一实施变体中，将由纱线制成的编织物或针织物与宽幅增强载体一起供应至该辊式轧光机的辊间隙。编织物或针织物能够以与上板和下板类似的方式在这些板之间且因此同样以简单的方式被供应至辊间隙。根据本发明，该编织物或针织物所具有的宽度至少基本上对应于宽幅增强载体的宽度。
在根据本发明的又一实施变体中，纱线作为单独的纱线与增强载体交织在一起。该替代方案还可以作为自动进行的措施结合到宽幅材料的制造中，其方式为：例如将宽幅增强载体引导经过筒架，该筒架用于交替地抬升一些增强载体。导电的纱线能够被放置在经抬升的和未经抬升的增强载体之间。
在本发明的使用单独的纱线的替代方案中，纱线的长度为优选2 cm至10cm。为了确保在增强载体之间的尽可能完整且彼此均匀的导电连接，根据本发明，以如下方式来放置或织入纱线，使得在宽幅增强载体的延伸方向上相继的纱线分别仅部分地定位在同一增强载体上。
导电的纱线还能够不同地实施。在本发明的一种可行的实施变体中，载体纱线的导电的涂层包含导电的颗粒或由这样的颗粒构成，例如炭黑颗粒、石墨粉末或碳纳米管。
在本发明的另一优选的实施方式中，这些载体纱线的涂层由含弹性体的材料构成。
在本发明的另一特别优选的实施方式中，导电涂层是粘合剂，优选RFL浸胶。
在一种优选的实施变体中，根据本发明制造的宽幅材料被用于制造弹性体制品中的强化层。现在有利地，该强化层可以是车辆充气轮胎的带束层。
此外，本发明涉及一种车辆充气轮胎，该车辆充气轮胎具有至少两个带束层，这些带束层以根据本发明的方法制造的宽幅材料为基础。
附图说明
现在借助示意性示出实施例的附图对本发明的其他特征、优点和细节进行详细说明。图1示出了在制造用于强化层的宽幅材料期间的方法阶段。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的方法制造的宽幅材料1包含彼此平行延伸的、由钢(尤其常见结构的钢帘线)制成的多个增强载体2，这些增强载体嵌入橡胶混合物中。如果宽幅材料1被用于制造车辆充气轮胎的带束复合体中的带束层，则对于每分米宽的带束层而言增强载体2的数量为例如90至120。增强载体2通常在带束层中相对于车辆充气轮胎的周向成一定角度地延伸，从而宽幅材料1对应地被裁切。其中嵌入有增强载体2的橡胶混合物被称为橡胶化混合物，并且(如在图1 中示出地)由两个橡胶混合物板(上板3和下板4)制成，这两个橡胶混合物板是通过轧光制造的宽幅橡胶混合物。上板3和下板4被引导通过辊式轧光机5的辊间隙，其中在上板3与下板4之间，将彼此平行延伸的增强载体2在应力下引导穿过辊间隙。在辊式轧光机5(该辊式轧光机在此示例性地示出为带有两个轧光辊6)的后方，由在两侧经橡胶化的增强载体2构成的宽幅材料1离开辊式轧光机5。
在进入辊间隙中之前，彼此平行延伸的增强载体2形成宽幅增强载体2a，基本上横向于增强载体2的纵向延伸方向将可导电的纱线7放置到该宽幅增强载体上。可导电的纱线7能够基本上一样长或具有数量级为几厘米、尤其2cm至10cm的不同长度。纱线7被放置成使得在宽幅增强载体2a的延伸方向上相继的纱线7分别尽可能仅部分地定位在同一增强载体2上。在此，不一定要笔直地放置纱线 7，而是可以以一定的混乱位置来施放。可以在不具有或具有相互接触部位的情况下施放纱线7。由于存在多条纱线7，在宽幅增强载体 2a的长度上纱线7有时接触这些增强载体、有时接触那些增强载体2。
在另一未示出的实施变体中，在上板3与下板4之间将由导电纱线制成的编织物或针织物与宽幅增强载体一起供应至辊式轧光机 5的辊间隙。
替代性地，可以将单独的、可导电的纱线横向于宽幅增强载体 2a的延伸方向织入增强载体2中。为此，宽幅增强载体2a能够被引导经过筒架，该筒架用于交替地抬升一些增强载体，从而能够将导电的纱线放置、例如“射入”经抬升的和未经抬升的增强载体2之间。
根据本发明的一种优选的实施方式，可导电的纱线7相应地由以不可导电的材料形成的载体纱线构成，该载体纱线具有由可导电的、优选含弹性体的材料制成的外部涂层或罩套。载体纱线的导电涂层还能够由导电颗粒、例如石墨粉末或碳纳米管构成。载体纱线能够例如由人造纤维、聚酯、聚酰胺或芳族聚酰胺构成，且为单丝、捻线、或由多根捻线构成的帘线。导电涂层例如以胶乳或包含另一种弹性体的悬浮液为基础，在该悬浮液中包含可导电的颗粒、例如炭黑颗粒或石墨粉末，由此保证涂层的导电性。为了制造这种涂层，能够例如使用包含炭黑颗粒的常见粘合剂，该粘合剂在这样的程度下是液态的：即，使得由纺织材料构成的载体纱线能够借助于浸渍过程进行涂覆。能够例如使用RFL浸胶(间苯二酚-甲醛-胶乳-浸胶)，在该RFL浸胶中混入炭黑颗粒、尤其N 339颗粒或N 121颗粒。在悬浮液中，可导电的颗粒的份额为例如10重量％至70重量％、尤其30重量％至50 重量％。被制造为连续纱线的、经导电涂覆的纱线被切割成对应更短的纱线7。
在辊式轧光机5中的轧光过程期间，纱线7的涂层嵌入上板3 和下板4的橡胶材料中，从而在橡胶材料中产生导电的通路，这些通路相应地将多个增强载体2导电地相互连接。在接着对弹性体制品、例如车辆充气轮胎进行硫化时，保持获得这些通路。载体纱线能够在对宽幅材料1进行再加工时毫不费力地损坏或切碎，其机械强度并不重要。可以切除纱线7的可能在经轧光的宽幅材料1的侧向边缘处伸出的端部。
附图标记说明
1 宽幅材料
2 增强载体
2a 宽幅增强载体
3 上板
4 下板
5 辊式轧光机
6 轧光辊
7 纱线

Claims (15)

1.一种用于制造宽幅材料(1)的方法，该宽幅材料由嵌入橡胶混合物中的、彼此平行地延伸的、由钢制成的增强载体(2)构成，该方法具有以下步骤：
a)制造形成上板(3)的宽幅橡胶混合物和形成下板(4)的第二宽幅橡胶混合物，
b)将由彼此平行延伸的多个增强载体(2)制成的宽幅增强载体(2a)在应力下引导穿过辊式轧光机(5)的辊间隙，
c)从该宽幅增强载体(2a)的一侧将该上板(3)、且从其另一侧将该下板(4)引导穿过该辊式轧光机(5)的该辊间隙，与该宽幅增强载体(2a)接合到一起，
其特征在于，
该宽幅增强载体(2a)在其进入该辊间隙中之前或之时被提供了至少基本上横向于该宽幅增强载体(2a)的延伸方向、分别接触这些增强载体(2)的至少一部分的多条纱线(7)，这些纱线由不导电的纺织载体纱线构成，这些纺织载体纱线设有由导电材料制成的涂层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在该宽幅增强载体进入该辊间隙中之前，将多条单独的纱线(7)放置到该宽幅增强载体(2a)上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，将由这些纱线制成的编织物或针织物与该宽幅增强载体(2a)一起供应至该辊式轧光机的辊间隙。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，该编织物或针织物的宽度至少基本上对应于该宽幅增强载体(2a)的宽度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，这些纱线作为单独的纱线与这些增强载体(2)交织在一起。
6.根据权利要求2或5所述的方法，其特征在于，这些纱线(7)所具有的长度最大对应于该宽幅增强载体(2a)的宽度。
7.根据权利要求2、5或6所述的方法，其特征在于，这些纱线(7)具有2cm至10cm的长度。
8.根据权利要求2、或5至7之一所述的方法，其特征在于，以如下方式来放置或织入这些纱线(7)，使得在该宽幅增强载体(2a)的延伸方向上相继的纱线(7)分别仅部分地定位在同一增强载体(2)上。
9.根据权利要求1至8之一所述的方法，其特征在于，这些载体纱线的导电的涂层包含导电颗粒，例如炭黑颗粒、石墨颗粒或碳纳米管，或由这些颗粒构成。
10.根据权利要求1至9之一所述的方法，其特征在于，这些载体纱线的涂层由含弹性体的材料构成。
11.根据权利要求1至10之一所述的方法，其特征在于，该导电涂层是粘合剂，优选RFL浸胶。
12.根据权利要求1至11之一所述的方法，其特征在于，这些载体纱线由人造纤维、聚酯、聚酰胺或芳族聚酰胺构成。
13.宽幅材料(1)的用于制造用于弹性体制品的强化层的用途，该宽幅材料是根据权利要求1至11中的一项或多项所述的方法制造的。
14.根据权利要求13所述的用途，其特征在于，该强化层是车辆充气轮胎的带束层。
15.一种车辆充气轮胎，该车辆充气轮胎具有至少两个带束层，这些带束层以根据权利要求1至12中的一项或多项所述的方法制造的宽幅材料为基础。
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