CN108774542A - 一种催化木质素解聚产物中单环酚类化合物加氢脱氧制备烃类的方法 - Google Patents
一种催化木质素解聚产物中单环酚类化合物加氢脱氧制备烃类的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种催化木质素解聚产物中单环酚类化合物加氢脱氧制备烃类的方法，利用纳米铁作为催化剂，酚类化合物能高效地转化为烃类化学品，且催化剂原料丰富、价格低廉，制备条件温和、制备方法简单，催化活性优异、加氢脱氧效率高，具有成本低、效率较高，可大规模推广应用的优点。
Description
技术领域：
本发明涉及生物质液体燃料和化工品制备技术领域，具体涉及一种催化木质素解聚产物中单环酚类化合物加氢脱氧制备烃类的方法。
背景技术：
木质素是生物质的主要组成部分，是纤维素乙醇工业和造纸工业的主要副产物，由于得不到充分利用，变成了环境污染物，给环境带来了很大压力。因此，木质素高效地转化为液体燃料或化学品对提高生物质碳资源的利用率，改善生物质利用技术的经济性有着重要意义。一般地，通过催化解聚得到单环酚类平台化合物，再经加氢脱氧可以实现木质素向烃类燃料或化学品的转变。
酚类化合物加氢脱氧的催化剂种类较多。其中研究较早的是以硫化态金属为活性相的双功能催化剂(如负载的MoS2、NiMoS2、CoMoS2等催化剂)。该类催化剂反应过程中容易积炭失活。此外，反应体系中必须持续提供一定浓度的H2S以维持硫化态，避免催化剂活性中心的流失。H2S的引入导致产物中引入了大量硫元素。
Pd、Pt、Ru、Rh、Ir等贵金属具有很高的催化加氢活性，在温和的氢解条件下，能选择性的断裂木质素及其模型化合物，将原料降解成单体，二聚体和低聚物化合物。例如，在Al-SBA-15负载的Pd，Pt，Ru和Pd作用下玉米秸秆木质素选择性的氢解成4-乙基苯酚。然而，在苛刻的木质素降解条件下，该类催化剂很不稳定，容易失活；此外，该类贵金属催化剂的价格昂贵，并不适合进行大规模的工业生产。
除贵金属外，过渡态和其他副族金属也在木质素解聚及木质素衍生物加氢脱氧反应中存在活性。如钼的氧化物、氮化物和碳化物等早在20世纪80年代就作为催化剂用于木质素和酚类模型化合物的加氢脱氧反应。过渡态金属Co、Ni等金属及CoMo、NiMo等双金属催化剂在酚类化合物的加氢脱氧反应中也很常见。
发明内容：
本发明的目的是提供一种催化木质素解聚产物中单环酚类化合物加氢脱氧制备烃类的方法，利用纳米铁作为催化剂，酚类化合物能高效地转化为烃类化学品，且催化剂原料丰富、价格低廉，制备条件温和、制备方法简单，催化活性优异、加氢脱氧效率高，具有成本低、效率较高，可大规模推广应用的优点。
本发明是通过以下技术方案予以实现的：
一种催化木质素解聚产物中单环酚类化合物加氢脱氧制备烃类的方法，该方法以木质素解聚产物中含量较高的苯酚、苯甲醚、愈创木酚、苄醚、二苯醚、茴香烯、4-苄氧基苯酚、苯并呋喃等单环酚类化合物为原料，正辛烷为溶剂在纳米铁粉催化剂的作用下将原料进行加氢脱氧反应转化为烃类产品，反应温度为260－340℃，反应时间为1－20h，反应体系中氢气压力为2.0－6.0MPa；所述纳米铁粉催化剂通过室温环境中液相化学还原法制备，具体制备方法如下：加入pH值为8-10的NaOH溶液及柠檬酸钠，搅拌，搅拌速率为600rpm，通入氮气形成惰性保护气氛，依次滴加NaBH4和亚铁离子(Fe2+)溶液，搅拌30min后，用磁铁分离即得到黑色的纳米颗粒催化剂；其中NaBH4和亚铁离子的摩尔比小于2，柠檬酸钠为亚铁离子摩尔数的0.1-0.15倍。
所述的亚铁离子溶液优选地硫酸亚铁或氯化亚铁溶液。
本发明的有益效果如下：纳米铁粉催化剂原料丰富、价格低廉，制备条件温和、制备方法简单，催化活性优异、加氢脱氧效率高，可重复使用，在纳米铁粉催化剂作用下，酚类化合物能高效地转化为烃类化学品。
具体实施方式：
以下是对本发明的进一步说明，而不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1：催化剂的制备
在三口烧瓶中加入pH值为9的NaOH溶液及柠檬酸钠，搅拌，搅拌速率为600rpm，通入氮气形成惰性保护气氛，依次滴加0.2mol L-1的NaBH4和0.5mol L-1亚铁离子(Fe2+)溶液，搅拌30min后，用磁铁分离即得到黑色的纳米颗粒催化剂；其中NaBH4和亚铁离子溶液的体积比为1：1，柠檬酸钠为亚铁离子摩尔数的0.15倍。
实施例2：
将实施例1制备得到的2.0g纳米铁粉，1.0g的木质素解聚产物苯酚和30.0ml的正辛烷放入到100ml高压反应釜中，密封反应釜，用H2置换釜内气体5次，充H2增压至4.0MPa。开启搅拌桨(700rpm)，以3℃/min的加热速率将反应釜升温至300℃，开始计时反应。反应时间为8h。烃类产物收率为94％。
实施例3－15：
参考实施例2，不同之处在于反应温度、压力和时间不同，具体参见表1：
表1
实施例16－22：纳米铁粉催化剂对苯酚加氢脱氧制备烃类产物的重复性反应
参考实施例2，催化剂重复使用次数及反应结果见表2。
表2
| 实施例 | 催化剂利用次数 | 烃类收率(％) |
| 16 | 1 | 94 |
| 17 | 2 | 94 |
| 18 | 3 | 93 |
| 19 | 4 | 87 |
| 20 | 5 | 79 |
| 21 | 6 | 72 |
| 22 | 7 | 70 |
实施例23－29：不同酚类化合物加氢脱氧制备烃类产物的反应
参考实施例2，不同之处在于为其它酚类化合物，反应结果见表3。
表3
对比例1-2：
对比例1：
参考实施例2，不同之处在于催化剂为铁，结果参见表4.
对比例2:
参考实施例23，不同之处在于催化剂为CN105461498B公开的催化剂，结果参见表4.
表4
| 对比例 | 反应物 | 催化剂 | 烃类收率(％) |
| 1 | 苯酚 | 铁 | 13 |
| 2 | 愈创木酚 | Fe/Ni/HY | 26.53 |
Claims (2)
1.一种催化木质素解聚产物中单环酚类化合物加氢脱氧制备烃类的方法，其特征在于，该方法以木质素解聚产物中单环酚类化合物为原料，正辛烷为溶剂，在纳米铁粉催化剂的作用下将原料进行加氢脱氧反应转化为烃类产品，反应温度为260－340℃，反应时间为1－20h，反应体系中氢气压力为2.0－6.0MPa；所述纳米铁粉催化剂通过室温环境中液相化学还原法制备，具体制备方法如下：加入pH值为8-10的NaOH溶液及柠檬酸钠，搅拌，搅拌速率为600rpm，通入氮气形成惰性保护气氛，依次滴加NaBH4和亚铁离子溶液，搅拌30min后，用磁铁分离即得到黑色的纳米颗粒催化剂；其中NaBH4和亚铁离子的摩尔比小于2，柠檬酸钠为亚铁离子摩尔数的0.1-0.15倍；所述单环酚类化合物选自苯酚、苯甲醚、愈创木酚、苄醚、二苯醚、茴香烯、4-苄氧基苯酚、苯并呋喃中的任一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的催化木质素解聚产物中单环酚类化合物加氢脱氧制备烃类的方法，其特征在于，所述的亚铁离子溶液为硫酸亚铁或氯化亚铁溶液。
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