CN108774102B - 一种荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN108774102B
CN108774102B CN201810811382.4A CN201810811382A CN108774102B CN 108774102 B CN108774102 B CN 108774102B CN 201810811382 A CN201810811382 A CN 201810811382A CN 108774102 B CN108774102 B CN 108774102B
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夏立新
张红翠
闫卓君
布乃顺
杨东奇
张帅
黄海若
赵忆惠
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Abstract

本发明公开一种荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料及其制备方法和应用。以具有芳香性的硼酸频哪醇酯类化合物和TBrPy为反应单体,四(三苯基磷)钯为催化剂,通过Suzuki偶联反应制得荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料。本发明制备的荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料可应用于检测特定硝基爆炸物,在硝基爆炸物环境中会发生灵敏的、专一的荧光淬灭现象,具有很好的应用前景。

Description

一种荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于新材料技术领域,具体的涉及一种可灵敏检测特定硝基爆炸物的新型荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
进入21世纪以来,世界范围的恐怖主义爆炸活动愈演愈烈,严重威胁人类社会的安全。在各类爆炸物中,包含TNT、DNT在内的硝基芳烃类炸药是恐怖分子的首选。目前,对该类爆炸物的痕量检测技术主要是各种波谱法及化学传感法。波谱法主要有色谱法、质谱法、拉曼光谱法和离子迁移法等;化学传感则主要有电化学传感、质量传感和荧光传感三类。但是上述方法存在诸多的问题,如价格高昂、携带不方便和操作复杂等。因此,仍需研究价格低廉、操作容易且灵敏快速的新型检测方法。
荧光检测由于其高的灵敏性、便携性和操作简便性被认为是目前为止最优异且最有希望的检测手段。过去几十年,一些荧光型的低聚物、高聚物和金属有机材料被大量研制应用于硝基爆炸物的检测,然而仍存在着诸多缺点。为了方便实际应用,荧光检测方法仍需进一步的研究和开发。多孔芳香骨架材料作为一类近几年来新兴的功能材料,越来越广泛地受到化学家和材料学家的关注。该类材料是由刚性的有机基块通过共价键连接制备而成,基于荧光共轭聚合物的炸药探测技术具有极高的灵敏度、探测器件的制备和使用较为方便等优点,近年来成为炸药探测技术研究的热点课题之一。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一是提供一种简便可行的荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料。
本发明的目的之二是提供一种荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料的制备方法。
本发明的目的之三是利用荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料灵敏检测硝基爆炸物。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:一种荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料,具有如(Ⅰ)所示的结构通式,
Figure BDA0001739214910000011
其中,R为
Figure BDA0001739214910000012
具体为:
Figure BDA0001739214910000021
一种荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:以具有芳香性的硼酸频哪醇酯类化合物和TBrPy(1,3,6,8-四溴芘)为反应单体,四(三苯基磷)钯为催化剂,通过Suzuki偶联反应制得。具体为:
1)将具有芳香性的硼酸频哪醇酯类化合物和TBrPy加入到装有DMF的反应体系中;
2)在氮气保护下,快速加入碳酸钾水溶液和四(三苯基磷)钯;
3)在氮气保护下,将反应体系升温至120-140℃,反应45-50小时;
4)抽滤,固体依次用DMF、水、丙酮、四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷和甲醇洗涤,真空干燥,
得目标产物荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料。
优选的,所述的具有芳香性的硼酸频哪醇酯类化合物是:三(4-硼酸频哪醇酯苯基)胺、9,9-二甲基-2,7-双(硼频哪醇酯)芴、或1,3,5-苯三硼酸三频哪醇酯。
优选的,按摩尔比,具有芳香性的硼酸频哪醇酯类化合物:TBrPy=(1.3-2):1。
上述的一种荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料在检测硝基爆炸物中的应用。方法如下:将上述的荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料超声分散于甲醇中,加入硝基爆炸物,于410nm或402nm波长的激发光下进行荧光性能测试。优选的,所述的硝基爆炸物为硝基苯、对硝基苯酚和对硝基氯苯。
本发明的有益结果是:
1、本发明采用廉价的单体,反应条件温和,可以在一个反应器皿中一步完成。
2、本发明采用的合成方法具有广泛的适用性。
3、本发明可用于检测特定硝基爆炸物,在硝基化合物环境中会发生灵敏的、专一的荧光淬灭现象,具有很好的应用前景。
4、本发明,采用有荧光性能的TBrPy与具有芳香性的硼酸频哪醇酯类化合物单体为构筑基元,通过Suzuki偶联反应制备新型荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料LNUs,并且通过傅里叶变换红外光谱,热重分析,氮气吸附、固体紫外光谱和荧光光谱等分析方法对其结构与性能进行系统表征。分析结果显示,本发明多孔芳香骨架材料具有良好的热化学稳定性以及较大的比表面积。同时材料优异的荧光性能使其非常适合用于特定硝基爆炸物的检测,具有很好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1a是本发明合成的荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-9和反应单体的红外谱图。
图1b是本发明合成的荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-10和反应单体的红外谱图。
图1c是本发明合成的荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-11和反应单体的红外谱图。
图2是本发明合成的荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料的热重曲线。
图3是本发明合成的荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料的氮气吸附-脱附等温线。
图4是本发明合成的荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料的孔径分布图。
图5是本发明合成的荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料的固体紫外光谱图。
图6a是本发明合成的荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-9的荧光光谱图。
图6b是本发明合成的荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-10的荧光光谱图。
图6c是本发明合成的荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-11的荧光光谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的阐述,但不限定本发明。
实施例1
(一)荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-9
Figure BDA0001739214910000031
在100mL的圆底烧瓶中,将481mg(0.77mmol)的三(4-硼酸频哪醇酯苯基)胺与300mg(0.58mmol)的TBrPy加入到60mL的DMF中,在氮气保护下,快速的将5mL的2mol/L碳酸钾水溶液和40mg四(三苯基磷)钯加入到反应体系中。随后,在氮气保护下,将反应体系加热到130℃,反应48小时,得粗产物。
将粗产物进行抽滤,留下固体不溶物,然后先依次用DMF、水和丙酮溶剂洗涤,用于除去可能存在的未反应单体或催化剂残留。具体为:步骤1)每次用10-100毫升20-120℃DMF处理3-5次,过滤洗涤。步骤2)每次用10-100毫升20-100℃水处理3-5次,过滤洗涤。步骤3)每次用10-100毫升20-80℃丙酮处理3-5次,过滤洗涤。
再依次用四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷和甲醇进行索氏提取,对固体物进行进一步洗涤纯化,洗去可以溶解的有机物。具体为:步骤4)每次用10-100毫升30-90℃四氢呋喃处理3-5次,过滤洗涤。步骤5)每次用10-100毫升30-80℃二氯甲烷处理3-5次,过滤洗涤。步骤6)每次用10-100毫升50-90℃甲醇处理3-5次,过滤洗涤。
最后所得产物在真空干燥箱中,于100℃下真空干燥40小时,得到黄绿色粉末,即为荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料,记为LNU-9。
(二)荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-10
Figure BDA0001739214910000041
在100mL的圆底烧瓶中,将517mg(1.16mmol)的9,9-二甲基-2,7-双(硼频哪醇酯)芴与300mg(0.58mmol)的TBrPy加入到60mL的DMF中,在氮气保护下,快速的将5mL的2mol/L碳酸钾水溶液和40mg四(三苯基磷)钯加入到反应体系中。随后,在氮气保护下,将反应体系加热到130℃,反应48小时,得粗产物。
将粗产物进行抽滤,留下固体不溶物,然后先依次用DMF、水和丙酮溶剂洗涤,用于除去可能存在的未反应单体或催化剂残留。具体为:步骤1)每次用10-100毫升20-120℃DMF处理3-5次,过滤洗涤。步骤2)每次用10-100毫升20-100℃水处理3-5次,过滤洗涤。步骤3)每次用10-100毫升20-80℃丙酮处理3-5次,过滤洗涤。
再依次用四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷和甲醇进行索氏提取,对固体物进行进一步洗涤纯化,洗去可以溶解的有机物。具体为:步骤4)每次用10-100毫升30-90℃四氢呋喃处理3-5次,过滤洗涤。步骤5)每次用10-100毫升30-80℃二氯甲烷处理3-5次,过滤洗涤。步骤6)每次用10-100毫升50-90℃甲醇处理3-5次,过滤洗涤。
最后所得产物在真空干燥箱中,于100℃下真空干燥40小时,得到黄绿色粉末,即为荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料,记为LNU-10。
(三)荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-11
Figure BDA0001739214910000051
在100mL的圆底烧瓶中,将352mg(0.77mmol)的1,3,5-苯三硼酸三频哪醇酯与300mg(0.58mmol)的TBrPy加入到60mL的DMF中,在氮气保护下,快速的将5mL的2mol/L碳酸钾水溶液和40mg四(三苯基磷)钯加入到反应体系中。随后,在氮气保护下,将反应体系加热到130℃,反应48小时,得粗产物。
将粗产物进行抽滤,留下固体不溶物,然后先依次用DMF、水和丙酮溶剂洗涤,用于除去可能存在的未反应单体或催化剂残留。具体为:步骤1)每次用10-100毫升20-120℃DMF处理3-5次,过滤洗涤。步骤2)每次用10-100毫升20-100℃水处理3-5次,过滤洗涤。步骤3)每次用10-100毫升20-80℃丙酮处理3-5次,过滤洗涤。
再依次用四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷和甲醇进行索氏提取,对固体物进行进一步洗涤纯化,洗去可以溶解的有机物。具体为:步骤4)每次用10-100毫升30-90℃四氢呋喃处理3-5次,过滤洗涤。步骤5)每次用10-100毫升30-80℃二氯甲烷处理3-5次,过滤洗涤。步骤6)每次用10-100毫升50-90℃甲醇处理3-5次,过滤洗涤。
最后所得产物在真空干燥箱中,于100℃下真空干燥40小时,得到黄绿色粉末,即为荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料,记为LNU-11。
(四)检测
如图1a-图1c所示,本发明初始的反应单体和最终产物的红外光谱对比图中,采用本发明方法制备得到的荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-9(图1a),LNU-10(图1b),LNU-11(图1c)及其相应单体的红外谱图。每幅图中最上方的曲线是荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料的红外谱图,下方的曲线属于单体。由图1a-图1c能够清楚地观察到硼酸频哪醇酯类化合物单体中的C-B特征吸收峰(1349cm-1)和B-O特征吸收峰(1144cm-1)以及TBrPy单体中的C-Br特征吸收峰(495cm-1)在多孔芳香骨架材料中基本消失,这一现象说明反应物在聚合过程中成功的发生了反应,并且反应程度相对完全。
如图2所示,本发明制备得到的荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-9(a),LNU-10(b),LNU-11(c)的热重图,在空气氛围10℃min-1测试条件下,三种样品的热重曲线。从图中可以看到,这些聚合物骨架在空气中非常的稳定,直到350℃时才开始分解,大概在500℃左右分解结束,说明本发明制备得到的荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料具有非常好的热稳定性。同时,在测试荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料的溶解性时,发现样品在普通的有机溶剂里(甲醇,乙醇,四氢呋喃,丙酮,二氯甲烷,氯仿,DMF,DMSO等)都不会溶解或者是分解,证明了荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料具有非常好的化学稳定性。
如图3所示,本发明制备得到的荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-9(a),LNU-10(b),
LNU-11(c)的氮气吸附-脱附图。通过氮气吸附-脱附等温线,得到荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料的BET比表面积分别为818m2g-1、1425m2g-1和860m2g-1
如图4所示,本发明制备得到的荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-9(a),LNU-10(b),LNU-11(c)依据非局域密度泛函理论方法计算的孔径分布图,荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料的孔径分布集中分布在1.3nm。
如图5所示,本发明制备得到的荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-9(a),LNU-10(b),LNU-11(c)的固体紫外光谱图。从图中可以看到,LNU-9,LNU-10,LNU-11都显示了一个很宽的吸收峰,证明了荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料具有高度的共轭特征。TBrPy单体的紫外吸收峰主要集中在394nm,而荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-9和LNU-10的紫外吸收峰集中在410nm,LNU-11的紫外吸收峰集中在402nm。
实施例2应用
方法:室温下,将实施例1制备的荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-9、LNU-10和LNU-11分别超声分散于甲醇中,再分别加入苯,溴苯,苯胺,甲苯,氯苯,苯酚,硝基苯,对硝基苯酚和对硝基氯苯,于410nm或402nm波长的激发光下进行荧光性能测试。
如图6a-图6c所示,本发明制备得到的荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-9(图6a),LNU-10(图6b),LNU-11(图6c)的荧光光谱。从图中可以清楚看到多孔芳香骨架材料在加入苯,溴苯,苯胺,甲苯,氯苯,苯酚后荧光强度变化不大,说明对以上这些有机物没有显示出专一的检测性能,而在加入硝基苯、对硝基苯酚和对硝基氯苯后,多孔芳香骨架材料的荧光几乎被完全淬灭,说明荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-9(图6a),LNU-10(图6b),LNU-11(图6c)对于硝基苯、对硝基苯酚和对硝基氯苯显示出专一的检测性能。

Claims (3)

1.一种荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)将具有芳香性的硼酸频哪醇酯类化合物和1,3,6,8-四溴芘加入到装有DMF的反应体系中;
所述具有芳香性的硼酸频哪醇酯类化合物是:三(4-硼酸频哪醇酯苯基)胺、9,9-二甲基-2,7-双(硼频哪醇酯)芴、或1,3,5-苯三硼酸三频哪醇酯;
按摩尔比,具有芳香性的硼酸频哪醇酯类化合物 : 1,3,6,8-四溴芘=(1.3-2): 1;
2)在氮气保护下,快速加入碳酸钾水溶液和四(三苯基磷)钯;
3)在氮气保护下,将反应体系升温至120-140 ℃,反应45-50小时;
4)抽滤,固体依次用DMF、水、丙酮、四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷和甲醇洗涤,真空干燥,得目标产物荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料。
2.权利要求1所述的一种荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料在检测硝基爆炸物中的应用,其特征在于,所述硝基爆炸物为硝基苯、对硝基苯酚和对硝基氯苯。
3.如权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,方法如下:将权利要求1所述的荧光性多孔芳香骨架材料超声分散于甲醇中,加入硝基爆炸物,于410 nm或402 nm波长的激发光下进行荧光性能测试。
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