CN108773964A - 一种高钙废水的零排放和资源化方法 - Google Patents
一种高钙废水的零排放和资源化方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于属于废水处理和固废资源化领域,尤其涉及一种高钙废水的零排放及资源回用方法,包括预处理、一级纳滤析晶、二级纳滤析晶、软化除硅、反渗透浓缩、蒸发提浓、干化步骤。本发明采用适当的集成工艺处理高钙废水,并对其中的无机离子进行资源化回收,突破目前普遍的以去除废水中无机盐为目的的物理化学处理方法,解决了现有技术无法达到废水零排放、有用资源无法回用的弊端。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高钙废水的零排放及资源回用方法,属于废水处理和固废资源化领域。
背景技术
与本发明最接近的背景技术为申请号CN201610889351.1,名称一种用于工业废水的分盐工艺的发明专利。该发明包括(一)工业废水的预处理;(二)脱盐处理;(三)“零排放”分盐系统预处理;(四)浓水浓缩;(五)蒸发结晶分盐;(六)剩余母液干化处理等步骤,并指出要处理的废水类型与本发明一致,所述的工业废水为煤化工废水、煤矿疏干水的一种或两种;其要解决的问题也与本发明相似,都是通过一步步浓缩结晶方式生成结构稳定的晶体,并达到资源回收利用,废水零排放的目的。但是该方法对废水中的有机物的提取和利用仍有较大损失,具体的说,经过该发明所述的一级浓缩(也就是本发明的一级纳滤析晶阶段)以后,污水处于过饱和状态,钙离子和硫酸根离子的乘积达到其硫酸钙KSP值的2~5倍,在上述对比文件中,对钙离子的处理方式仍然沿用传统的物理化学法直接去除,但这部分物质的流失对于环境是污染,对于利用也没起到效果。这一点构成本发明与对比文件的最大区别。
发明内容
未解决上述技术问题,本发明公开一种高钙废水的零排放及资源回用方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤,
预处理
废水经软化、混凝沉淀、磁粉絮凝后得到清液,清液进入超滤系统去除胶体类物质、大分子等;
一级纳滤析晶
经过步骤1处理过的清液中加入阻垢剂,进入一级纳滤设备,纳滤回收率≤70%,生成一级浓水,向一级浓水中投加硫酸钙晶种,使一级浓水脱稳去过饱和,硫酸钙结晶析出并收集。
二级纳滤析晶
一级浓水进入二级纳滤设备进行浓缩,纳滤回收率75%-80%,生成二级浓水,向二级浓水中加入硫酸钙晶种,使二级浓水脱稳去过饱和,结晶析出硫酸钙。
软化除硅
对二级浓水进行软化和除硅,降低钙硬度和硅含量,使水质达到进碟管式反渗透(DTRO)系统和蒸发结晶系统的要求;
反渗透浓缩
将经过步骤3处理的二级浓水进入碟管式反渗透(DTRO)系统进一步浓缩,回收率75%-80%,生成三级浓水,对三级浓水进行软化,去除钙硬度。
蒸发提浓
三级浓水进入降膜蒸发器中,进一步减量化、提高浓水中的TDS至100,000 mg/,生成提浓浓水。
蒸发结晶
将步骤5所得提浓浓水进入蒸发结晶器,析出无水硫酸钠和氯化钠,
干化
剩余液体通过喷雾干燥干化处理,产出杂盐,实现废水零排放。
进一步地,本发明所述一种高钙废水的零排放及资源回用方法,所述步骤(1)所述清液浊度<5 NTU,所述超滤系统为浸没式超滤,超滤截留分子量MWCO: 100,000 Da,
进一步地,本发明所述一种高钙废水的零排放及资源回用方法,步骤(2)和步骤(3)所述硫酸钙晶种颗粒直径为0.3~120 微米,加药量为50~200 mg/L,搅拌速度为5~150 转/分钟。
进一步地,本发明所述一种高钙废水的零排放及资源回用方法,步骤(4)所述的软化是指向二级浓水中加入熟石灰、碳酸钠,将钙硬度降低至<500 mg/L,所述除硅指向二级浓水加入2 g/L氧化镁,将硅含量从90 mg/L降低至10 mg/L。
进一步地,本发明所述一种高钙废水的零排放及资源回用方法,步骤(2)和步骤(3)所述的纳滤设备采用纳滤膜为陶氏的NF270、NF90,GE的DK系列、Durafoul NF系列
进一步地,本发明所述一种高钙废水的零排放及资源回用方法,所述的碟管式反渗透系统可为不同耐压等级,采用的RO膜为陶氏的SW30系列、海德能的CPA系列。
进一步地,本发明所述一种高钙废水的零排放及资源回用方法,步骤(6)采用的降膜蒸发器为MVR蒸发器,步骤(7)采用的蒸发结晶器为四效逆流蒸发结晶器。
进一步地,本发明所述一种高钙废水的零排放及资源回用方法,所述的高钙废水是煤矿疏干水。
本发明与对比文件的区别在于:1、有效的提取了废水中的钙离子,格外获得了具有较高商业价值和高纯度的硫酸钙,所采用的技术手段是通过向过饱和溶液两次添加晶种,析出硫酸钙结晶,使工业废水的所有主要盐类物质得到充分回收利用,大幅降低了固废碳酸钙的产出和运输费用,收集后的硫酸钙结晶经剪切研磨、减小粒径后可重复利用5~100次。2、由于对废水中的钙离子结晶析出,因此相对于对比文件,本发明的技术方案可以大幅降低钙硬软化的费用,软化费用降幅50%以上,3、对比文件采用的像废水中加入强碱,形成碳酸钙,以污泥的形式排除钙含量,形成新的固体废弃,回收和环保问题并没有有效解决,而本发明不存在上述问题。4、对比软化和PH调整过程中造成废液中盐分增加,容易在碟管式反渗透和蒸发结晶设备中产生结垢,本发明对高钙成分的软化是通过二级纳滤析晶,降低了水中的钙硬度和硅含量,可以使水质达到进碟管式反渗透(DTRO)和蒸发结晶系统的要求,对相关设备的使用性能和寿命都起到保护作用。
附图说明
图1为本发明技术方案流程图。
具体实施方式
将进水量1000 m3/h的煤矿疏干水引入高密度澄清池,煤矿疏干水TDS≥9990mg/L。向煤矿疏干水中加入熟石灰2 g/L、聚合硫酸铁(PFS)80-120 mg/L,聚丙烯酰胺(PAM) 5-10 mg/L,沉降后清液浊度<5 NTU,清液进入浸没式超滤进行过滤处理,超滤截留分子量MWCO: 100,000 Da。超滤出水中加入3 mg/L硫酸钙阻垢剂,进入一级纳滤,经过处理过的清液中加入阻垢剂,进入一级纳滤设备,所述的纳滤设备采用纳滤膜为陶氏的NF270,纳滤回收率≤70%,生成一级浓水,向一级浓水中投加硫酸钙晶种,所述硫酸钙晶种颗粒直径为25微米,加药量为100 mg/L,搅拌速度为150 转/分钟使一级浓水脱稳去过饱和,硫酸钙结晶析出并收集。一级浓水进入二级纳滤设备进行浓缩,纳滤设备采用纳滤膜为陶氏的NF270,纳滤回收率75%-80%,生成二级浓水,向二级浓水中加入硫酸钙晶种,所述硫酸钙晶种颗粒直径为25 微米,加药量为200 mg/L,搅拌速度为150 转/分钟使一级浓水脱稳去过饱和,硫酸钙结晶析出并收集,使二级浓水脱稳去过饱和,结晶析出硫酸钙。向二级浓水中加入熟石灰、碳酸钠,将钙硬度降低至<500 mg/L,向二级浓水加入2 g/L氧化镁,将硅含量从90 mg/L降低至10 mg/L。对二级浓水进行软化和除硅,降低钙硬度和硅含量,使水质达到进碟管式反渗透(DTRO)系统和蒸发结晶系统的要求。进入碟管式反渗透(DTRO)系统进一步浓缩,回收率75%-80%,生成三级浓水,对三级浓水进行软化,去除钙硬度,所述的碟管式反渗透系统可采用的RO膜为陶氏的SW30系列。三级浓水进入降膜蒸发器中,进一步减量化、提高浓水中的TDS至100,000 mg/,生成提浓浓水,采用的降膜蒸发器为MVR蒸发器。所得提浓浓水进入蒸发结晶器,析出无水硫酸钠和氯化钠,采用的蒸发结晶器为四效逆流蒸发结晶器。剩余液体通过喷雾干燥干化处理,产出杂盐,实现废水零排放。
Claims (8)
1.一种高钙废水的零排放及资源回用方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤,
预处理
废水经软化、混凝沉淀、磁粉絮凝后得到清液,清液进入超滤系统去除胶体类物质、大分子等,
一级纳滤析晶
经过步骤1处理过的清液中加入阻垢剂,进入一级纳滤设备,纳滤回收率≤70%,生成一级浓水,向一级浓水中投加硫酸钙晶种,使一级浓水脱稳去过饱和,硫酸钙结晶析出并收集,
二级纳滤析晶
一级浓水进入二级纳滤设备进行浓缩,纳滤回收率75%-80%,生成二级浓水,向二级浓水中加入硫酸钙晶种,使二级浓水脱稳去过饱和,结晶析出硫酸钙,
(4)软化除硅
对二级浓水进行软化和除硅,降低钙硬度和硅含量,使水质达到进碟管式反渗透(DTRO)系统和蒸发结晶系统的要求,
(5)反渗透浓缩
将经过步骤3处理的二级浓水进入碟管式反渗透(DTRO)系统进一步浓缩,回收率75%-80%,生成三级浓水,对三级浓水进行软化,去除钙硬度,
(6)蒸发提浓
三级浓水进入降膜蒸发器中,进一步减量化、提高浓水中的TDS至100,000 mg/,生成提浓浓水,
(7)蒸发结晶
将步骤5所得提浓浓水进入蒸发结晶器,析出无水硫酸钠和氯化钠,
(8)干化
剩余液体通过喷雾干燥干化处理,产出杂盐,实现废水零排放。
2.按权利要求1所述一种高钙废水的零排放和资源化方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)所述清液浊度<5 NTU,所述超滤系统为浸没式超滤,超滤截留分子量MWCO: 100,000 Da。
3.按权利要求1所述一种高钙废水的零排放和资源化方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)和步骤(3)所述硫酸钙晶种颗粒直径为0.3~120 微米,加药量为50~200 mg/L,搅拌速度为5~150 转/分钟。
4.按权利要求1所述一种高钙废水的零排放和资源化方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)所述的软化是指向二级浓水中加入熟石灰、碳酸钠,将钙硬度降低至<500 mg/L,所述除硅指向二级浓水加入2 g/L氧化镁,将硅含量从90 mg/L降低至10 mg/L。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种高钙废水的零排放和资源化方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)和步骤(3)所述的纳滤设备采用纳滤膜为陶氏的NF270、NF90,GE的DK系列、Durafoul NF系列。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种高钙废水的零排放和资源化方法,其特征在于:所述的碟管式反渗透系统可为不同耐压等级,采用的RO膜为陶氏的SW30系列、海德能的CPA系列。
7.根据权利要求1所述一种高钙废水的零排放和资源化方法,其特征在于:步骤(6)采用的降膜蒸发器为MVR蒸发器,步骤(7)采用的蒸发结晶器为四效逆流蒸发结晶器。
8.根据权利要求1所述一种高钙废水的零排放和资源化方法,其特征在于:所述的高钙废水是煤矿疏干水。
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