CN108771753A - 一种跌打万花油硬质软膏及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种跌打万花油硬质软膏及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108771753A
CN108771753A CN201810729004.1A CN201810729004A CN108771753A CN 108771753 A CN108771753 A CN 108771753A CN 201810729004 A CN201810729004 A CN 201810729004A CN 108771753 A CN108771753 A CN 108771753A
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parts
oil
dieda
wanhua
hard ointment
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CN201810729004.1A
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CN108771753B (zh
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江涛
陈晓坚
彭红英
苏锐辉
何蓉蓉
李怡芳
栗原博
曾利杰
杨滨宾
陈丽斯
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GUANGZHOU BAIYUNSHAN JINGXIUTANG PHARMACEUTICAL Co Ltd
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GUANGZHOU BAIYUNSHAN JINGXIUTANG PHARMACEUTICAL Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种跌打万花油硬质软膏，包含以下质量百分含量的组分：药用部位5～15％、余量为硬质软膏基质；所述硬质软膏基质包含以下质量百分含量的组分：油相体系60～80％、水相体系18.75～38.75％、表面活性剂1～2％和羟苯乙酯0.25％。同时，本发明还公开了所述跌打万花油硬质软膏的制备方法。本发明跌打万花油硬质软膏以跌打万花油为有效成分，质量稳定，安全不过敏，使用方便且无需用手直接接触药物即可使用。

Description

一种跌打万花油硬质软膏及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域，具体涉及一种跌打万花油硬质软膏及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前临床上广泛应用的消炎止痛类药物可分为口服剂型和外用剂型，常见的外用剂型有软膏剂、搽剂、喷雾剂和贴剂等。在这些外用剂型中，软膏剂在使用和携带上相对方便。其中硬质软膏由于不需要用手涂抹，可直接使用于患处，在跌打损伤、扭伤、肌肉疼痛、关节疼痛、骨折疼痛等疾患的处置上，硬质软膏剂更显示出安全有效、使用方便及临床上易于推广的优势。
本发明涉及的跌打万花油收载于《国家食品药品监督管理总局国家药品标准》，标准编号为WS3-B-3508-98-2016。由蛇床子、川芎(制)、牡丹皮、大黄等86味中药材制成，具有止血止痛，消炎生肌，消肿散瘀，舒筋活络的功效，临床上用于治疗跌打损伤，撞击扭伤，刀伤出血，水火烫伤等症。长期临床实践证明跌打万花油疗效确切、显著。本品为外用制剂，由于原剂型为搽剂呈液态，黏度低，流动性大，在用药局部停留时间短，不仅影响药效的发挥，而且不便于贮存、携带、运输，存在使用不方便和易污染衣物等缺点。为了发掘传统中成药跌打万花油的使用价值，通过改进原有中药材的提取工艺，采用超临界二氧化碳提取法，目前已研究开发出了跌打万花油喷雾剂及巴布剂，解决了易污染衣物等问题，但也存在诸多的问题及不足：跌打万花油喷雾剂其稳定性较差，在保存过程中(尤其是在温度较低的环境下)其微乳状态容易被破坏导致分层，同时有部分物质析出堵塞喷头。而且其稀释剂为蒸馏水，在实际使用中较难挥干，需少量多次使用才可达到最佳效果，使用上存在不便；跌打万花油巴布剂为膏剂，由于膏剂透气性问题，部分患者在实际使用过程中存在过敏瘙痒等问题，同时在关节、指间等位置难以使用，用量也不好控制。而且相对原剂型搽剂及喷雾剂，巴布剂需用到较多辅料及包材，其成本大大增加。
发明内容
基于此，本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的不足之处而提供一种跌打万花油硬质软膏，其以跌打万花油为有效成分，质量稳定，安全不过敏，使用方便且无需用手直接接触药物即可使用。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：一种跌打万花油硬质软膏，其包含以下质量百分含量的组分：药用部位5～15％、余量为硬质软膏基质；
所述药用部位包含以下重量份的原料：野菊花288份、乌药75份、水翁花188份、徐长卿75份、大蒜150份、马齿苋75份、细香葱150份、金银花叶75份、黑老虎150份、威灵仙75份、木棉皮75份、土细辛75份、葛花138份、声色草75份、伸筋藤100份、蛇床子75份、铁包金100份、倒扣草75份、苏木100份、大黄75份、山白芷100份、朱砂根75份、过塘蛇100份、九节茶75份、地耳草100份、一点红75份、两面针100份、泽兰75份、红花100份、谷精草75份、土田七100份、木棉花138份、鸭脚艾75份、防风75份、侧柏叶75份、马钱子75份、大风艾75份、腊梅花75份、墨旱莲50份、九层塔50份、柳枝50份、栀子50份、蓖麻子50份、醋三棱50份、辣蓼50份、莪术(制)50份、大风子(仁)50份、荷叶50份、卷柏50份、蔓荆子50份、大皂角44份、白芷44份、骨碎补25份、桃仁25份、牡丹皮25份、川芎(制)25份、化橘红25份、青皮25份、陈皮25份、白及25份、黄连25份、赤芍25份、蒲黄25份、苍耳子25份、生天南星18.8份、紫草茸18.8份、白胡椒12.5份、醋香附12.5份、肉豆蔻12.5份、砂仁12.5份、紫草12.5份、羌活12.5份、草豆蔻12.5份、独活12.5份、干姜12.5份、荜茇12.5份、枫香脂100份、冰片120份、薄荷素油200份、松节油180份、水杨酸甲酯120份、樟脑油100份、桉油75份、丁香罗勒油52.8份、八角茴香油50份、肉桂油5份；将处方量中的野菊花至枫香脂共77味中药材用超临界二氧化碳萃取法萃取得到的脂溶性提取物作为药用部位A；将薄荷素油、松节油、樟脑油、桉油、丁香罗勒油、八角茴香油、肉桂油、水杨酸甲酯和冰片混匀后作为药用部位B；
所述硬质软膏基质包含以下质量百分含量的组分：油相体系60～80％、水相体系18.75～38.75％、表面活性剂1～2％和羟苯乙酯0.25％。
优选地，所述药用部位A占药用部位的质量百分比为30～40％；所述药用部位B占药用部位的质量百分比为60～70％。
优选地，所述油相体系包含凡士林、十六醇和肉豆蔻酸异丙酯。
优选地，所述凡士林、十六醇和肉豆蔻酸异丙酯的质量比为(1～4):(1～3):(0.5～1)。
优选地，所述水相体系为聚乙二醇600～2000。
更优选地，所述水相体系为聚乙二醇1000。
优选地，所述表面活性剂包含十二烷基硫酸钠和吐温-60。
优选地，所述十二烷基硫酸钠和吐温-60的质量比为(5～10):1。
本发明还提供了所述的跌打万花油硬质软膏的制备方法，包含以下步骤：
(1)将处方量中的野菊花至枫香脂共77味中药材用超临界二氧化碳萃取法萃取得到的脂溶性提取物作为药用部位A；将薄荷素油、松节油、樟脑油、桉油、丁香罗勒油、八角茴香油、肉桂油、水杨酸甲酯和冰片混匀后作为药用部位B；
(2)取油相体系，加热，加入步骤(1)获得的药用部位A，混合均匀；
(3)取水相体系，加热，加入表面活性剂，混合均匀；
(4)将步骤(2)获得的混合物加入步骤(3)获得的混合物中，混合均匀；
(5)向步骤(4)获得的混合物中加入步骤(1)获得的药用部位B，混合均匀，冷却至室温，即得所述跌打万花油硬质软膏。
优选地，所述步骤(1)中药用部位A超临界二氧化碳萃取的方法包括以下步骤：将处方量中的野菊花至枫香脂共77味中药材置超临界二氧化碳萃取罐中，在萃取压力30Mpa，萃取温度50℃，分离压力5Mpa，分离温度40℃，流量30.0kg/h的条件下萃取2h，萃取得到的脂溶性提取物即为药用部位A。
优选地，所述步骤(2)中油相体系的加热温度为60℃～65℃。
优选地，所述步骤(3)中水相体系的加热温度为70℃～80℃。
优选地，所述步骤(5)中待步骤(4)获得的混合物降温至38℃～40℃后再加入步骤(1)获得的药用部位B。
相对于现有技术，本发明的有益效果为：(1)与跌打万花油搽剂、喷雾剂及巴布剂相比，本发明硬质软膏剂具有作用持久，质量稳定，安全不过敏，使用方便且无需用手直接接触药物即可使用等优点，避免用手涂抹药膏后接触其他黏膜部位造成刺激或不良反应，提高药物使用的安全性；(2)本发明中药用部位A为77味药材经超临界二氧化碳萃取所得，其成分复杂，呈半固体粘稠状，难溶于或均匀分散于普通软膏基质中，本发明通过大量创造性劳动发现，采用了混合基质凡士林、十六醇和肉豆蔻酸异丙酯并控制温度为60℃～65℃，能成功使药用部位A均匀分散于混合基质当中，使跌打万花油硬质软膏色泽均匀，质地细腻，具有适宜的硬度，容易涂抹；(3)使用混合表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠和吐温-60，能显著地降低了油水两相之间的表面张力，提高了硬质软膏的稳定性；(4)本发明中药用部位B含大量挥发性成分，对温度的要求极度苛刻，温度过高则会导致有效成分挥发，温度过低则会导致难以混合均匀，发明人通过大量的实验和分析发现，温度为38℃～40℃时为最佳温度；(5)制剂稳定性试验、药效学试验及皮肤刺激性试验结果表明，本发明跌打万花油硬质软膏质量稳定，疗效确切且无明显的不良反应。
具体实施方式
为更好的说明本发明的目的、技术方案和优点，下面将结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
本发明跌打万花油硬质软膏的一种实施例，其处方组成如下：
1、药用部位：
按以下处方投料：野菊花288g、乌药75g、水翁花188g、徐长卿75g、大蒜150g、马齿苋75g、细香葱150g、金银花叶75g、黑老虎150g、威灵仙75g、木棉皮75g、土细辛75g、葛花138g、声色草75g、伸筋藤100g、蛇床子75g、铁包金100g、倒扣草75g、苏木100g、大黄75g、山白芷100g、朱砂根75g、过塘蛇100g、九节茶75g、地耳草100g、一点红75g、两面针100g、泽兰75g、红花100g、谷精草75g、土田七100g、木棉花138g、鸭脚艾75g、防风75g、侧柏叶75g、马钱子75g、大风艾75g、腊梅花75g、墨旱莲50g、九层塔50g、柳枝50g、栀子50g、蓖麻子50g、醋三棱50g、辣蓼50g、莪术(制)50g、大风子(仁)50g、荷叶50g、卷柏50g、蔓荆子50g、大皂角44g、白芷44g、骨碎补25g、桃仁25g、牡丹皮25g、川芎(制)25g、化橘红25g、青皮25g、陈皮25g、白及25g、黄连25g、赤芍25g、蒲黄25g、苍耳子25g、生天南星18.8g、紫草茸18.8g、白胡椒12.5g、醋香附12.5g、肉豆蔻12.5g、砂仁12.5g、紫草12.5g、羌活12.5g、草豆蔻12.5g、独活12.5g、干姜12.5g、荜茇12.5g、枫香脂100g、冰片120g、薄荷素油200g、松节油180g、水杨酸甲酯120g、樟脑油100g、桉油75g、丁香罗勒油52.8g、八角茴香油50g、肉桂油5g。
将以上处方量中的野菊花至白胶香共77味中药材置超临界二氧化碳萃取罐中，在萃取压力30Mpa，萃取温度50℃，分离压力5Mpa，分离温度40℃，流量30.0kg/h的条件下萃取2h，萃取得到脂溶性提取物526g，作为药用部位A。
将冰片120g、薄荷素油200g、松节油180g、水杨酸甲酯120g、樟脑油100g、桉油75g、丁香罗勒油52.8g、八角茴香油50g、肉桂油5g混合均匀，作为药用部位B。
2、100g的跌打万花油硬质软膏处方组成如表1所示：
表1跌打万花油硬质软膏处方组成
所述跌打万花油硬质软膏制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将药用部位处方量中的野菊花至白胶香共77味中药材置超临界二氧化碳萃取罐中，在萃取压力30Mpa，萃取温度50℃，分离压力5Mpa，分离温度40℃，流量30.0kg/h的条件下萃取2h，萃取得到脂溶性提取物，作为药用部位A；将冰片120g、薄荷素油200g、松节油180g、水杨酸甲酯120g、樟脑油100g、桉油75g、丁香罗勒油52.8g、八角茴香油50g、肉桂油5g混合均匀，作为药用部位B；
(2)按表1中处方量，取凡士林、十六醇及肉豆蔻酸异丙酯加热至60℃，低速搅拌条件下加入步骤(1)获得的药用部位A，充分混合均匀；
(3)按表1中处方量，取聚乙二醇1000加热至70℃，低速搅拌条件下加入表1中处方量的十二烷基硫酸钠和吐温-60，充分混合均匀；
(4)将步骤(2)获得的混合物缓慢加入步骤(3)获得的混合物中，边加边低速搅拌至充分混合均匀；
(5)待步骤(4)获得的混合物降温至38℃后，加入步骤(1)获得的药用部位B，保持38℃继续低速搅拌至充分混合均匀，冷却至室温，即得所述跌打万花油硬质软膏。
实施例2
本发明跌打万花油硬质软膏的一种实施例，100g的跌打万花油硬质软膏处方比例如表2所示：
表2跌打万花油硬质软膏处方比例
所述药用部位的处方、药用部位A和药用部位B的制备同实施例1。
所述跌打万花油硬质软膏的制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3
本发明跌打万花油硬质软膏的一种实施例，所述跌打万花油硬质软膏的处方组分和制备方法同实施例1，不同的是所述水相体系为聚乙二醇600。
实施例4
本发明跌打万花油硬质软膏的一种实施例，所述跌打万花油硬质软膏的处方组成和制备方法同实施例1，不同的是所述水相体系为聚乙二醇2000。
实施例5
本发明跌打万花油硬质软膏的一种实施例，所述跌打万花油硬质软膏的处方组成同实施例1，制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将药用部位处方量中的野菊花至白胶香共77味中药材置超临界二氧化碳萃取罐中，在萃取压力30Mpa，萃取温度50℃，分离压力5Mpa，分离温度40℃，流量30.0kg/h的条件下萃取2h，萃取得到脂溶性提取物，作为药用部位A；将冰片120g、薄荷素油200g、松节油180g、水杨酸甲酯120g、樟脑油100g、桉油75g、丁香罗勒油52.8g、八角茴香油50g、肉桂油5g混合均匀，作为药用部位B；
(2)按表1中处方量，取凡士林、十六醇及肉豆蔻酸异丙酯加热至65℃，低速搅拌条件下加入步骤(1)获得的药用部位A，充分混合均匀；
(3)按表1中处方量，取聚乙二醇1000加热至80℃，低速搅拌条件下加入表1中处方量的十二烷基硫酸钠和吐温-60，充分混合均匀；
(4)将步骤(2)获得的混合物缓慢加入步骤(3)获得的混合物中，边加边低速搅拌至充分混合均匀；
(5)待步骤(4)获得的混合物降温至40℃后，加入步骤(1)获得的药用部位B，保持40℃继续低速搅拌至充分混合均匀，冷却至室温，即得所述跌打万花油硬质软膏。
实施例6
本发明跌打万花油硬质软膏的一种实施例，所述跌打万花油硬质软膏的处方组成同实施例1，制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将药用部位处方量中的野菊花至白胶香共77味中药材置超临界二氧化碳萃取罐中，在萃取压力30Mpa，萃取温度50℃，分离压力5Mpa，分离温度40℃，流量30.0kg/h的条件下萃取2h，萃取得到脂溶性提取物，作为药用部位A；将冰片120g、薄荷素油200g、松节油180g、水杨酸甲酯120g、樟脑油100g、桉油75g、丁香罗勒油52.8g、八角茴香油50g、肉桂油5g混合均匀，作为药用部位B；
(2)按表1中处方量，取凡士林、十六醇及肉豆蔻酸异丙酯加热至63℃，低速搅拌条件下加入步骤(1)获得的药用部位A，充分混合均匀；
(3)按表1中处方量，取聚乙二醇1000加热至75℃，低速搅拌条件下加入表1中处方量的十二烷基硫酸钠和吐温-60，充分混合均匀；
(4)将步骤(2)获得的混合物缓慢加入步骤(3)获得的混合物中，边加边低速搅拌至充分混合均匀；
(5)待步骤(4)获得的混合物降温至39℃后，加入步骤(1)获得的药用部位B，保持39℃继续低速搅拌至充分混合均匀，冷却至室温，即得所述跌打万花油硬质软膏。
实施例7
为研究本发明跌打万花油硬质软膏的质量、疗效和不良反应，本实施例以实施例1中跌打万花油硬质软膏为例，进行了所述跌打万花油硬质软膏的稳定性试验、药效学试验及皮肤刺激性试验。
一、跌打万花油硬质软膏稳定性试验
1.制备出的跌打万花油硬质软膏色泽均匀，质地细腻，压缩值是600～3000gf/cm2，熔点为40～50℃。压缩值是通过电子式压缩强度试验仪对10mm(直径)×10mm(厚度)样品在25℃条件下检测的结果。熔点测定是根据中国药典2015年版附录-熔点测定法实施。
2.制剂稳定性的耐热试验：预先将恒温箱调节到35±1℃，将10mm(直径)×10mm(厚度)样品置于恒温箱内，24h后目测观察无明显弯曲软化现象。取出，待恢复室温后，将样品少许涂擦于手背上，容易涂擦，质地均匀。
3.制剂稳定性的耐寒试验：预先将冰箱调节到-5～-10℃，将10mm(直径)×10mm(厚度)样品置于冰箱内，24h后取出，恢复室温后目测无裂纹，将样品少许涂擦于手背上，容易涂擦，质地均匀。
取实施例2～6制备的样品进行上述稳定性试验，结果均符合要求。
二、跌打万花油硬质软膏药效学试验
以实施例1中中剂量组跌打万花油硬质软膏为例进行药效学试验。
1.跌打万花油硬质软膏对二甲苯诱发小鼠耳肿胀的影响
清洁级昆明种小鼠40只，体重18～22g，雌雄各半，随机分为对照组、跌打万花油硬质软膏组、跌打万花油原剂型组和地塞米松软膏组。将二甲苯50μl涂于每只小鼠右耳前后两面，左耳不涂作为对照，各给药组分别在致炎后10min于右耳廓涂相应的药膏或药液，对照组涂抹生理盐水。致炎后2h将小鼠颈椎脱臼处死，沿耳廓基线剪下两耳，用8mm打孔器分别在同一部位打下圆耳片，称重、记录，以左、右耳片重量之差作为肿胀度，并计算肿胀抑制率，比较各组差异，结果如表3所示：
表3跌打万花油硬质软膏对二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀的影响
与对照组比较，**P<0.01；与跌打万花油组比较，#P<0.05。
表3结果显示，与对照组比较，跌打万花油硬质软膏组及原剂型组均可抑制二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀度(P<0.01)，且跌打万花油硬质软膏组抑制作用要强于原剂型组(P<0.05)。
2.跌打万花油硬质软膏对角叉菜胶诱发大鼠足肿胀的影响
SD大鼠40只，雌雄各半，体重180～220g，随机分为对照组、跌打万花油硬质软膏组、跌打万花油原剂型组和地塞米松软膏组。试验前每鼠右后足踝关节处用记号笔作一清晰横线，排水法测鼠足正常体积(致炎前足跖体积)。各给药组分别在大鼠右后足踝关节处涂相应的药膏或药液，对照组涂抹生理盐水。给药后30min，每鼠右后足跖皮下注射1％角叉菜胶混悬液0.1ml/只，每隔1h均按上法测一次足跖容积，连续3次，计算足肿胀率，比较组间差异，计算公式如下：
比较组间差异，结果见表4：
表4跌打万花油硬质软膏对大鼠角叉菜胶足肿胀的影响
与对照组比较，*P<0.05，**P<0.01；与跌打万花油组比较，##P<0.01。
表4结果显示，与对照组比较，跌打万花油硬质软膏组及原剂型组均可降低大鼠1h、2h、3h足肿胀率(P<0.01或P<0.05)。但跌打万花油硬质软膏降低大鼠角叉菜胶足肿胀率的作用明显强于原剂型跌打万花油(P<0.01)。
3.跌打万花油硬质软膏对热刺激致小鼠疼痛的影响
清洁级昆明种小鼠40只，体重18～22g，雌性，使用智能热板仪(50℃±0.5)重复测定小鼠正常痛阈值两次，选取基础痛阈在5～30s之间的小鼠，取后两次痛阈平均值作为该鼠给药前的基础痛阈值。将动物随机分为对照组、跌打万花油硬质软膏组、跌打万花油原剂型组和双氯芬酸钠乳膏组。各给药组于小鼠后足涂药，对照组涂抹生理盐水，1次/天，连续3天。末次给药10min后用温水洗去药膏，用棉球擦净。于末次给药后30min、60min、120min分别测小鼠痛阈值计算痛阈提高百分率，计算公式如下：
比较组间差异。如60秒钟仍无反应，将小鼠取出，以免烫伤，其痛阈值以60秒计算，结果如表5所示：
表5跌打万花油硬质软膏对热刺激所致小鼠疼痛的影响
与对照组比较，**P<0.01；与跌打万花油组比较，##P<0.01。
结果表明，与对照组比较，跌打万花油硬质软膏组及原剂型组均可显著提高30min、60min、120min热刺激小鼠痛阈(P<0.01)。但跌打万花油硬质软膏对热刺激致小鼠疼痛的效果优于原剂型跌打万花油(P<0.01)。
4.跌打万花油硬质软膏对外伤致小鼠皮下血瘀斑的影响
清洁级昆明种小鼠40只，体重18～22g，雌雄各半。小鼠背部以10％硫化钡脱毛约1cm×1cm后，用老虎钳钳夹脱毛区皮肤，以造成皮下出血为度。以1h后出现皮下瘀斑为造模成功，将动物随机分成对照组、跌打万花油硬质软膏组、跌打万花油原剂型组及麝香舒活精组，每组10只。观察各组小鼠创伤区水肿瘀斑情况及瘀斑面积，根据表6计算皮下瘀斑积分。分别在瘀斑处涂药，每日给药2次(间隔4h)，连续给药并观察4天。每天观察并计算皮下瘀斑积分，比较各组差异，结果如表7所示：
表6皮下瘀斑评分表
表7跌打万花油硬质软膏对外伤致小鼠皮下血淤斑的影响
与对照组比较，*P<0.05，**P<0.01；与跌打万花油组比较，##P<0.01。
结果表明，与对照组相比，跌打万花油硬质软膏组可明显降低小鼠外伤后第2天、第3天、第4天皮下瘀斑积分(P<0.05或P<0.01)。而且跌打万花油硬质软膏对外伤致小鼠皮下瘀斑的效果优于原剂型跌打万花油。
三、制剂皮肤刺激性试验
以实施例1中高剂量组跌打万花油硬质软膏为例进行皮肤刺激性试验。
1.试验动物及分组
健康清洁家兔8只，雌雄各半，体重2.0±0.1kg，购自广东省医学实验动物中心。随机分成完整皮肤、破损皮肤跌打万花油硬质软膏高剂量组，共2组，每组4只，每只动物分笼饲养。
2.给药方法
给药前24h将家兔背部两侧去毛而不损伤皮肤，去毛面积均为3cm×3cm。试验时，先将破损皮肤组家兔背部已脱毛的两侧用砂纸按“#”形划破皮肤(以轻度渗血为度)，制作破损皮肤模型。完整皮肤组仔细观察皮肤未受损伤，用蒸馏水棉球清洁去毛部位皮肤，擦干后给药。试验采用左右侧自身对照法。完整皮肤组、破损皮肤组左、右侧去毛区分别涂抹跌打万花油硬质软膏和基质，涂药量均为0.5g，用玻璃棒涂匀，分别于每天的上、下午各一次涂抹于脱毛区，用长度合适的无菌纱布与无刺激性胶布固定，连续给药7天。
3.观察评价方法
末次给药24h后用温水洗去残留受试药物及基质，分别于去除受试药物后1h、24h、48h、72h观察给药部位有无红斑及水肿等情况，同时观察给药部位是否有色素沉着、出血点、皮肤粗糙或皮肤菲薄等情况，记录发生及恢复情况、时间，按表8进行皮肤刺激反应评分，按表9评价皮肤刺激强度。
4.评分标准
根据表8计分，计算反应分值。根据表9的评价标准，分别就跌打万花油硬质软膏和基质对完整和破损皮肤的刺激强度和恢复情况进行评价。
表8皮肤刺激性反应分值标准
表9皮肤刺激性强度评价标准
5.试验结果
结果如表10所示：
表10跌打万花油硬质软膏皮肤刺激性试验结果(n＝4)
结果显示，跌打万花油硬质软膏高剂量组连续给药7天后，在72h内观察，家兔完整皮肤组、破损皮肤组均未发现红斑、水肿等皮肤刺激性反应。试验结果表明，跌打万花油硬质软膏高剂量组对家兔完整皮肤、破损皮肤均无刺激性反应。
以上跌打万花油硬质软膏稳定性试验、药效学试验及皮肤刺激性试验结果表明，跌打万花油硬质软膏质量稳定，疗效确切且无明显的不良反应。
最后所应当说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。

Claims (11)

1.一种跌打万花油硬质软膏，其特征在于，包含以下质量百分含量的组分：药用部位5～15％、余量为硬质软膏基质；
所述药用部位包含以下重量份的原料：野菊花288份、乌药75份、水翁花188份、徐长卿75份、大蒜150份、马齿苋75份、细香葱150份、金银花叶75份、黑老虎150份、威灵仙75份、木棉皮75份、土细辛75份、葛花138份、声色草75份、伸筋藤100份、蛇床子75份、铁包金100份、倒扣草75份、苏木100份、大黄75份、山白芷100份、朱砂根75份、过塘蛇100份、九节茶75份、地耳草100份、一点红75份、两面针100份、泽兰75份、红花100份、谷精草75份、土田七100份、木棉花138份、鸭脚艾75份、防风75份、侧柏叶75份、马钱子75份、大风艾75份、腊梅花75份、墨旱莲50份、九层塔50份、柳枝50份、栀子50份、蓖麻子50份、醋三棱50份、辣蓼50份、莪术(制)50份、大风子(仁)50份、荷叶50份、卷柏50份、蔓荆子50份、大皂角44份、白芷44份、骨碎补25份、桃仁25份、牡丹皮25份、川芎(制)25份、化橘红25份、青皮25份、陈皮25份、白及25份、黄连25份、赤芍25份、蒲黄25份、苍耳子25份、生天南星18.8份、紫草茸18.8份、白胡椒12.5份、醋香附12.5份、肉豆蔻12.5份、砂仁12.5份、紫草12.5份、羌活12.5份、草豆蔻12.5份、独活12.5份、干姜12.5份、荜茇12.5份、枫香脂100份、冰片120份、薄荷素油200份、松节油180份、水杨酸甲酯120份、樟脑油100份、桉油75份、丁香罗勒油52.8份、八角茴香油50份、肉桂油5份；将处方量中的野菊花至枫香脂共77味中药材用超临界二氧化碳萃取法萃取得到的脂溶性提取物作为药用部位A；将薄荷素油、松节油、樟脑油、桉油、丁香罗勒油、八角茴香油、肉桂油、水杨酸甲酯和冰片混匀后作为药用部位B；
所述硬质软膏基质包含以下质量百分含量的组分：油相体系60～80％、水相体系18.75～38.75％、表面活性剂1～2％和羟苯乙酯0.25％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的跌打万花油硬质软膏，其特征在于，所述油相体系包含凡士林、十六醇和肉豆蔻酸异丙酯。
3.根据权利要求2所述的跌打万花油硬质软膏，其特征在于，所述凡士林、十六醇和肉豆蔻酸异丙酯的质量比为(1～4):(1～3):(0.5～1)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的跌打万花油硬质软膏，其特征在于，所述水相体系为聚乙二醇600～2000。
5.根据权利要求1所述的跌打万花油硬质软膏，其特征在于，所述表面活性剂包含十二烷基硫酸钠和吐温-60。
6.根据权利要求5所述的跌打万花油硬质软膏，其特征在于，所述十二烷基硫酸钠和吐温-60的质量比为(5～10):1。
7.根据权利要求1～6任一项所述的跌打万花油硬质软膏的制备方法，其特征在于，包含以下步骤：
(1)将处方量中的野菊花至枫香脂共77味中药材用超临界二氧化碳萃取法萃取得到的脂溶性提取物作为药用部位A；将薄荷素油、松节油、樟脑油、桉油、丁香罗勒油、八角茴香油、肉桂油、水杨酸甲酯和冰片混匀后作为药用部位B；
(2)取油相体系，加热，加入步骤(1)获得的药用部位A，混合均匀；
(3)取水相体系，加热，加入表面活性剂，混合均匀；
(4)将步骤(2)获得的混合物加入步骤(3)获得的混合物中，混合均匀；
(5)向步骤(4)获得的混合物中加入步骤(1)获得的药用部位B，混合均匀，冷却至室温，即得所述跌打万花油硬质软膏。
8.根据权利要求7所述的跌打万花油硬质软膏的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)中药用部位A超临界二氧化碳萃取的方法包括以下步骤：将处方量中的野菊花至枫香脂共77味中药材置超临界二氧化碳萃取罐中，在萃取压力30Mpa，萃取温度50℃，分离压力5Mpa，分离温度40℃，流量30.0kg/h的条件下萃取2h，萃取得到的脂溶性提取物即为药用部位A。
9.根据权利要求7所述的跌打万花油硬质软膏的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(2)中油相体系的加热温度为60℃～65℃。
10.根据权利要求7所述的跌打万花油硬质软膏的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(3)中水相体系的加热温度为70℃～80℃。
11.根据权利要求7所述的跌打万花油硬质软膏的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(5)中待步骤(4)获得的混合物降温至38℃～40℃后再加入步骤(1)获得的药用部位B，保持温度继续搅拌至混合均匀。
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