CN108770423B - Vegetable transplanting machine - Google Patents
Vegetable transplanting machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN108770423B CN108770423B CN201810988772.9A CN201810988772A CN108770423B CN 108770423 B CN108770423 B CN 108770423B CN 201810988772 A CN201810988772 A CN 201810988772A CN 108770423 B CN108770423 B CN 108770423B
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- frame
- conveying belt
- baffle
- cylinder
- seedling
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
- A01C11/02—Transplanting machines for seedlings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/062—Devices for making drills or furrows
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/066—Devices for covering drills or furrows
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Transplanting Machines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a vegetable transplanting machine, which comprises a seedling row conveying device, an automatic seedling separating device and a planting device; the seedling forming and conveying device consists of a rear conveying belt, a left baffle and a right baffle, wherein the left baffle comprises a fixed baffle and a movable baffle, and the right baffle and the fixed baffle are fixedly arranged on a base; the movable baffle is driven by the first cylinder to be overturned; the automatic seedling separating device comprises a front conveying belt and a parallel connecting rod rest, wherein a side conveying belt and a movable side conveying belt are respectively fixed on two sides of the front conveying belt; a shifting fork is arranged on the movable block of the parallel connecting rod rest; the shifting fork and the movable side conveying belt are driven by a second cylinder; the first cylinder and the second cylinder are synchronously driven by the two-position five-way switch valve, and the planting device drives the bow-shaped rod to drive the elastic contact of the switch valve to act. The vegetable transplanting machine can finish the working procedures of flattening the ridge surface, conveying seedlings, separating seedlings, planting seedlings and the like by one-time operation, and has low requirement on seedling raising, simple structure and good stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vegetable transplanting machine, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery.
Background
China is the largest vegetable production and consumption country in the world, and vegetable planting mainly takes two modes of direct seeding and transplanting. On one hand, the seedling transplanting can shorten the growth period of vegetables, is beneficial to arrangement of crops for rotation, improves the land utilization rate and increases the economic income; on the other hand, the root systems of the transplanted crop seedlings are developed and the maturity is consistent, so that more than 60% of vegetable varieties in China are planted in a seedling transplanting mode at present. The vegetable transplanting operation mainly takes manpower as a main part for a long time, but the problems of difficult and expensive labor are increasingly highlighted under the large background that the agriculture in China is high in investment and high in cost at present, and the development of mechanical transplanting is urgently needed.
At present, semi-automatic transplanting machines are mostly adopted for mechanical transplanting of domestic vegetables, manual single plant seedling taking and feeding are adopted for plug seedling, the transplanting frequency is about 35 plants/row/min, the operation efficiency is low, the labor number is about 4-5, and labor is saved; in order to improve the transplanting speed, full-automatic transplanting is adopted at home and abroad, for example, a Japanese ocean horse PF2R full-automatic vegetable transplanting machine is sold for nearly hundred in five years in China, but is basically an demonstration of items, and no production application is formed, and the special reasons are that the machine type quick vegetable transplanting machine has high seedling raising requirement, complex structure, poor stability, difficult maintenance, high cost and difficult popularization, so that quick development of vegetable transplanting machines with good operation effects is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: the vegetable transplanting machine can finish the working procedures of flattening the ridge surface, conveying seedlings, separating seedlings, planting seedlings and the like by one operation, and has low requirements on seedling raising, simple structure, good stability and easy popularization.
Another technical problem to be solved by the invention is: the working procedures of leveling the ridge surface, covering the film on the ridge, ditching, planting seedlings, covering soil and the like are completed by one operation, so that the production efficiency is improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a vegetable transplanting machine comprises a frame, a row seedling conveying device, an automatic seedling separating device and a planting device, wherein the row seedling conveying device, the automatic seedling separating device and the planting device are sequentially arranged on the frame from the rear to the front; the frame is provided with an intermediate shaft, and the intermediate shaft drives the planting device, the seedling row conveying device and the automatic seedling dividing device to act through a chain sprocket mechanism respectively;
the seedling forming and conveying device consists of a base, a rear conveying belt arranged on the base, and a left baffle and a right baffle which are respectively arranged on two sides of the rear conveying belt, wherein the right baffle comprises a fixed baffle and a movable baffle, and the left baffle and the fixed baffle are fixedly arranged on the base; the base is also provided with a first air cylinder, the cylinder body of the first air cylinder is hinged with the base, the movable baffle is fixedly connected with at least two connecting blocks which extend downwards and are hinged with the base, and the top of the movable baffle is hinged with a piston rod of the first air cylinder;
the automatic seedling separating device comprises a front conveying belt, a fixed block, a parallel connecting rod rest, a movable block and a second air cylinder, wherein the fixed block is fixedly connected with the frame, the parallel connecting rod rest is composed of two connecting rods which are parallel to each other and are horizontally arranged, one end of each connecting rod is hinged with the fixed block, and the other end of each connecting rod is hinged with the movable block;
the left side and the right side of the front conveying belt are respectively provided with a movable side conveying belt and a fixed side conveying belt, the fixed side conveying belt and the movable side conveying belt are vertically arranged, the fixed side conveying belt is arranged on the frame, and the movable side conveying belt is arranged on the movable block;
a shifting fork positioned above the front conveying belt is arranged on the movable block, and the shifting fork can rotate and has two working states of seedling blocking and seedling placing; the shifting fork consists of a shifting fork fixing block and a shifting fork rod fixed on the shifting fork fixing block, a shifting fork installation rod is fixedly connected to the rack, and the shifting fork fixing block is pivoted with the shifting fork installation rod;
the cylinder body of the second cylinder is hinged with the frame, a piston rod of the second cylinder is fixedly connected with a baffle plate which is vertically arranged, the baffle plate is hinged with one end of a rocker, the other end of the rocker is hinged with one end of a pull rod, the other end of the pull rod is hinged with a shifting fork fixing block, and the middle part of the rocker is pivoted with the frame so as to enable the rocker to move in a vertical plane;
the movable block is provided with a roller which is abutted against the baffle, the baffle is obliquely arranged relative to the fixed-side conveying belt, and a reset spring is arranged between the movable block and the frame;
the planting device comprises a chain transmission device driven by a motor and a plurality of hanging cup duckbilled planting devices arranged on the chain transmission device; the frame is provided with an arch-shaped rod hinged with the frame, the arch-shaped rod is divided into two sections by taking a hinge point of the frame and the arch-shaped rod as a boundary, the first section is matched with the running track of the planting device, and the second section is fixedly connected with a switch rod piece matched with a spring contact of a two-position five-way mechanical reversing valve;
an air compressor is arranged on the frame and synchronously drives a first cylinder and a second cylinder through the reversing valve; in the working process, when the previous planting device on the chain transmission device just abuts against the first section of the arch-shaped rod, the switch rod piece on the second section abuts against the reversing valve spring contact, at the moment, the first cylinder drives the movable baffle to clamp the row of seedlings on the rear conveying belt, the second cylinder drives the shifting fork to release seedlings and simultaneously drives the parallel connecting rod rack to drive the movable side conveying belt to move towards the fixed side conveying belt to clamp the seedlings, and when the seedlings are moved to the front end of the front conveying belt after being pulled out by the shifting fork, the next planting device just moves to the seedling receiving position of the front conveying belt; when the former planting device on the chain transmission device leaves the arch-shaped rod, the first section of the arch-shaped rod drives the switch rod piece to be far away from the reversing valve spring contact under the action of gravity, at the moment, the reversing valve spring contact is reset, the first cylinder drives the movable baffle to release seedlings, the second cylinder drives the shifting fork to drive the parallel connecting rod rack to drive the movable side conveying belt to move towards the direction away from the fixed side conveying belt while the shifting fork is driven to stop seedlings, and the latter planting device moves towards the seedling receiving position of the front conveying belt.
In the invention, seedlings move from the rear to the front, namely the front and the rear are in the direction of the movement of the seedlings.
When the seedling picking device is used, a row of seedlings are manually taken out from the seedling tray through the seedling picking device and put on the rear conveying belt, the left baffle plate and the right baffle plate can prevent the seedlings from tilting in the conveying process, when the seedlings are conveyed to the movable baffle plate, the movable baffle plate swings to the inner side and the outer side of the conveying belt under the drive of the first air cylinder, the seedlings are clamped when the movable baffle plate swings to the inner side, and the seedlings are put when the movable baffle plate swings to the outer side, so that the seedlings are intermittently conveyed forwards, intermittent conveying of the whole row of seedlings is realized, the follow-up whole row of seedlings can be picked up by single plant when the seedlings are separated, and the seedling picking device has the advantages of no damage to the seedlings, high efficiency, labor saving, labor intensity reduction and the like. The seedling row conveying device realizes intermittent conveying of the whole row of seedlings, so that single seedling picking in the subsequent whole row of seedlings is ensured, and the seedling row conveying device has a conveying function and a function of intermittently controlling conveying time. The first cylinder is controlled to stretch out and draw back by the pneumatic system, so that seedling clamping and seedling placing actions of the movable stop block are controlled, the reaction time is short, the control position is accurate, and the operation frequency is adjustable at any time along with the change of the air pressure change value.
Preferably, a limiting block for limiting the first section of the bow-shaped rod is arranged on the frame.
Preferably, four ground wheels are arranged on the frame and are respectively arranged at four corners of the frame.
The further improvement of the technical scheme is as follows: the frame is provided with a wide gear shaft, two ends of the wide gear shaft are respectively provided with a first wide gear and a second wide gear, the parallel connecting rod frame is provided with a first narrow gear shaft corresponding to the first wide gear, the frame is provided with a second narrow gear shaft corresponding to the second wide gear, the first narrow gear shaft and the second narrow gear shaft are respectively provided with a first narrow gear and a second narrow gear which are matched with the first wide gear and the second wide gear, and the wide gear shaft, the first narrow gear shaft and the second narrow gear shaft are all parallel to a front conveying belt driving shaft; the driving wheel of the rear conveying belt drives the driving wheel of the front conveying belt and the wide gear shaft through chain sprockets; the first narrow gear shaft and the second narrow gear shaft respectively drive the driving wheel shaft of the movable side conveyer belt and the driving wheel shaft of the fixed side conveyer belt through the conical gear sets. In this way, the horizontal conveying belt and the two vertical conveying belts (namely the movable side conveying belt and the fixed side conveying belt) cooperatively clamp the substrate block seedlings to transport and advance, so that the mutual extrusion and lodging among a plurality of seedling soil blocks can be prevented, and the effective and rapid pulling-out of single substrate block seedlings can be ensured.
The further improvement of the technical scheme is as follows: the soil-covering device is characterized by further comprising a ditching and soil-covering device which is positioned right below the planting device, wherein the ditching and soil-covering device is composed of a ditcher and a soil-covering device which are arranged below the frame, and a land leveling roller is arranged behind the ditcher.
The further improvement of the technical scheme is as follows: the frame is arranged on the tractor, a hydraulic pump is arranged on the frame, and the hydraulic pump and the air compressor are both powered by a power output shaft of the tractor; the hydraulic pump is connected with the hydraulic motor through a hydraulic oil pipe, the land leveling roller is driven by the hydraulic motor, and the first cylinder and the second cylinder are driven by an air-air compressor.
The further improvement of the technical scheme is as follows: the film laminating device comprises a film frame, a film pressing plate and a film pressing wheel, wherein the film frame is arranged above the frame and used for installing film bundles, the film pressing plate is arranged in the middle of the frame, the film pressing wheel is arranged between the furrow opener and the soil covering device, and a plurality of film guide rods and two film guide wheels which are mutually attached and contacted are arranged on the frame. Preferably, a film punching roller is arranged on the frame.
The beneficial effects brought by the invention are as follows: 1) The complete machine can realize actions such as row taking and seedling feeding, automatic intermittent seedling separation and seedling blocking, seedling receiving and transferring, zero-speed planting and seedling throwing and the like by one-time operation, and has accurate and reliable action, high operation efficiency and good planting effect.
2) The whole plant row spacing is adjustable, can be suitable for the mechanized planting of crops with different agronomic requirements, has strong adaptability to regions, and is wide in application occasion and multipurpose.
3) According to the actual agronomic requirements of different crop growth, the functions of flattening ridge surfaces, covering films on ridges, ditching under films, planting seedlings on films, covering soil, pressing films and the like can be selected, the working procedure operation times are reduced, the soil compaction is reduced, and the labor and the energy are saved.
4) The seedling forming and conveying device realizes intermittent conveying of the whole row of seedlings so as to ensure that single seedlings in the subsequent whole row of seedlings are taken, and has the conveying function and the function of intermittently controlling the conveying time. The first cylinder is controlled to stretch out and draw back by the pneumatic system, so that seedling clamping and seedling placing actions of the movable stop block are controlled, the reaction time is short, the control position is accurate, and the operation frequency is adjustable at any time along with the change of the air pressure change value.
5) The automatic seedling dividing device adopts a second air cylinder as the same power source, the front conveyer belt clamps the seedlings, the shifting fork blocks the seedlings, and the seedlings are placed in cooperation with each other, the actions are synchronous, the seedlings in rows are stably and orderly divided, the seedling dividing efficiency is improved, and a foundation is laid for subsequent seedling transplanting. The front conveying belt and the two vertical side conveying belts cooperatively clamp the substrate block seedlings for transportation, the speed of the front conveying belt, the speed of the two vertical side conveying belts and the speed of the front conveying belt are matched, the speed of the front conveying belt, the speed of the two vertical side conveying belts are matched, the front conveying belt and the speed of the two vertical side conveying belts can prevent a plurality of soil blocks from mutually extruding and lodging, and the single substrate block seedlings can be ensured to be effectively and rapidly pulled out.
6) The planting device judges whether the reversing valve reverses or not through the contact extrusion of the planting device and the bow-shaped rod, so that the reversing frequency of the first cylinder and the second cylinder and the opening and closing times of the shifting fork are synchronously controlled, and the accurate separation and the pulling out of the seedlings in rows are realized.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the film laminating apparatus.
Fig. 4 is a schematic top view of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the seedling conveying device in rows.
Fig. 6 is a top view of fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a schematic operation of the first cylinder.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the automatic seedling separating apparatus.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the automatic seedling separating apparatus when seedlings are placed.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the automatic seedling separating apparatus at the time of seedling blocking.
Fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of the planting device.
Fig. 12 is a schematic view in the C-C direction in fig. 11.
Figure 13 is a schematic view of the operation of the bow bar in the planting device.
Fig. 14 is a schematic transmission diagram of the seedling-row conveyor and the automatic seedling-dividing device.
Fig. 15 is a schematic front view of a baffle in the automatic seedling separating apparatus.
Figure 16 is a schematic view of an opener in a planting device.
Reference numerals: the seedling planting machine comprises a frame 1, a ditching and earthing device 2, a film covering device 3, a planting device 4, an automatic seedling separating device 5, a seedling row conveying device 6, an intermediate shaft 17, a power input shaft 102, a land wheel 104, a hydraulic motor 105, a land leveling drum 106, a ditcher 107, an earthing device 108, a gas pipe 112, a film bundle 115 and a hydraulic oil pipe 116; film frame 201, punching roller 203, side plate 204, guide rod 205, film pressing wheel 206, film pressing plate 207, film guiding wheel fixing rod 208, film guiding wheel bracket 209, spring 210, fixed film guiding wheel 211, movable film guiding wheel 212, and soil covering device fixing frame 218; base 301, rear conveyor sprocket 302, cylinder connection 303, air pipe 304, first cylinder 305, air pipe 306, rear conveyor drive shaft 307, support plate 308, left baffle 309, rear conveyor driven wheel 312, rear conveyor 313, fixed baffle 314, movable baffle 316, power drive wheel 318, right baffle 321, air compressor 322, safety valve 323, air tank 324, air handling unit 325, air pressure control unit 326, reversing valve 327; fixed block 401, parallel link frame 402, second cylinder 403, movable side belt mount 404, movable block 405, roller 406, shutter 407, rocker 408, rotation shaft mount 409, wide gear drive sprocket 410, front belt 411, movable side belt 412, shift fork fixed block 413, pull rod 414, shift fork mount rod 415, first wide gear 416, movable side narrow gear 417, return spring 418, fixed side belt 419, fixed side belt mount 420, fixed side narrow gear 421, second wide gear 422, sprocket 423, front belt drive sprocket 424, front belt drive shaft 425, wide gear bearing 426, rotation shaft 427, bevel gear 428, bevel gear 429, shift fork rod 430; a motor 501, a chain drive 502, a planter 503, arcuate bars 504, seedlings 506, openers 507, switch levers 508, spring contacts 509.
Detailed Description
Examples
The vegetable transplanting machine of the embodiment, as shown in fig. 1-16, comprises a frame 1 hung on a tractor, a row of seedling conveying device 6, an automatic seedling separating device 5 and a planting device 4, wherein the row of seedling conveying device 6, the automatic seedling separating device 5 and the planting device 4 are arranged on the frame 1.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a middle shaft 17 is arranged on a frame 1, and the power of a tractor output shaft is transmitted to the middle shaft 17 through a power input shaft 102 by a chain, and the middle shaft 17 drives a seedling row conveying device 6 and an automatic seedling separating device 5 to act respectively; the automatic seedling separating device 5 and the seedling row conveying device 6 are arranged at the rear of the frame 1; the planting device 4 is arranged in front of the automatic seedling separating device 5. In this case, the front and rear are based on the movement direction of the seedlings, i.e., the seedlings move from the rear to the front. Four ground wheels 104 are arranged on the frame 1 and are respectively arranged at four corners of the frame 1 and can be used for adjusting the height of the machine.
As shown in fig. 5-7, the seedling-forming conveying device 6 is composed of a base 301, a rear conveying belt 313 arranged on the base 301, and a left baffle 309 and a right baffle 321 respectively arranged on two sides of the rear conveying belt 313, wherein the left baffle 309 comprises a fixed baffle 314 and a movable baffle 316, the right baffle 321 and the fixed baffle 314 are fixedly arranged on the base 301, a first air cylinder 305 is further arranged on the base 301, a cylinder body of the first air cylinder 305 is hinged with the base 301 (the base 301 is provided with an air cylinder connecting frame 303, the air cylinder connecting frame 303 and the cylinder body of the first air cylinder 305 are connected through bolts to form a hinged relationship), two connecting blocks 317 which extend downwards and are hinged with the base 301 are fixedly connected on the movable baffle 316, the lengths of the two connecting blocks 317 are identical, and the top of the movable baffle 316 is hinged with a piston rod of the first air cylinder 305. In this way, the movable baffle 316 can be driven to turn over towards the rear conveyor belt 313 by the extension of the piston rod of the first cylinder 305, so as to clamp the rows of seedlings on the rear conveyor belt 313 at the position of the movable baffle 316 and block the seedlings on the rear conveyor belt 313; when the piston rod of the first cylinder 305 is contracted, the movable baffle 316 is turned away from the rear conveyor 313, and seedlings are discharged at this time.
In this example, the frame 1 is provided with an air compressor 322, the power output shaft of the tractor transmits power to the air compressor 322, and the air compressor 322 synchronously drives the first cylinder and the second cylinder through the reversing valve 327. Taking the first cylinder as an example, as shown in fig. 7, the air compressor 322 performs work to deliver compressed air to the air tank 324 through the relief valve 323, so as to ensure that the pressure of the compressed air in the air tank 324 is constant. Compressed air in the air storage tank 324 is transmitted to the two-position five-way mechanical reversing valve 327 through the air processing unit 325 and the air pressure control unit 326, when the trigger switch is closed, the left side of the two-position five-way mechanical reversing valve 327 is communicated, at the moment, the rodless cavity of the first air cylinder 305 is charged, the piston rod is pushed out, and seedlings on one side of the conveying belt 313 are clamped by the movable baffle 316; when the trigger switch is turned on, the right side of the two-position five-way mechanical reversing valve 327 is communicated, the rod cavity of the first cylinder 305 is filled with air, the piston rod is retracted, and seedlings are discharged at the moment.
The automatic seedling separating device is shown in fig. 8-10 and fig. 12, and comprises a front conveying belt 411, a fixed block 401, a parallel connecting rod frame 402, a movable block 405 and a second cylinder 403, wherein a fixed side conveying belt fixing seat 420 and a movable side conveying belt fixing seat 404 are respectively arranged on the right side and the left side of the front conveying belt 411, the fixed side conveying belt fixing seat 420 and the movable side conveying belt fixing seat 404 are respectively arranged on a frame 1 and the movable block 405 and are respectively used for installing a fixed side conveying belt 419 and a movable side conveying belt 412, and the fixed side conveying belt 419 and the movable side conveying belt 412 are vertically arranged; the air compressor 322 drives the second cylinder 403 via the direction valve 327, and drives the piston rod of the second cylinder 403 to extend or retract according to the state of the direction valve 327.
The fixed block 401 is fixedly connected with the frame 1, the parallel connecting rod frame 402 is composed of two connecting rods which are parallel to each other and are horizontally arranged, one end of each connecting rod is hinged with the fixed block 401, the other end of each connecting rod is hinged with the movable block 405, and the parallel connecting rod frame 402 moves in the horizontal plane.
The movable block 405 is provided with a shifting fork above the front conveying belt 411, the shifting fork consists of a shifting fork fixing block 413 and a shifting fork rod 430 fixed on the shifting fork fixing block 413, the shifting fork fixing block 413 is arranged on a shifting fork mounting rod 415 fixedly connected with the frame, and the shifting fork fixing block 413 is pivoted with the winding fork mounting rod 415, namely, the shifting fork fixing block 413 can rotate around the shifting fork mounting rod 415. The cylinder body of the second cylinder 403 is hinged with the frame 1, a piston rod of the second cylinder 403 is fixedly connected with a baffle 407 which is vertically arranged, the baffle 407 is hinged with one end of a rocker 408, the other end of the rocker 408 is hinged with one end of a pull rod 414, the other end of the pull rod 414 is hinged with a shifting fork fixing block 413, and the rocker 408 is divided into two parallel sections and fixedly connected together through a rotating shaft 427. A rotating shaft mounting seat 409 is fixedly connected to the frame 1, and a rotating shaft 427 penetrates through the rotating shaft mounting seat 409, namely, the middle part of the rocker 408 is pivoted with the frame 1 so that the rocker 408 is limited to move in a vertical plane. The piston rod of the second cylinder 403 stretches out and draws back to drive the shifting fork to rotate, so that the shifting fork has two working states of blocking and releasing seedlings 506 on the front conveying belt.
The movable block 405 is provided with a roller 406 abutting against the blocking 407 plate, and as shown in fig. 8, the blocking 407 plate is inclined with respect to the fixed conveyor belt 419, and a return spring 418 is provided between the movable block 405 and the frame 1. Thus, when the piston rod of the second cylinder 403 expands and contracts, the shutter 407 is driven to move back and forth. The shutter 407 and the roller 406 are contacted through the inclined plane, so that the shutter 407 presses the roller 406 to roll along the shutter 407, and the parallel link frame 402 and the movable block 405 are driven to swing left and right along the fixed block 401 under the action of the return spring 418.
As shown in fig. 8, 10 and 12, when the piston rod of the second cylinder 403 is contracted, the baffle 407 causes the rotating shaft 427 to rotate anticlockwise through the rocker 408, and the pull rod 414 drives the shifting fork to swing in, so that the seedling blocking action of the next seedling is realized; at the same time, the piston rod of the second cylinder 403 is contracted so that the baffle 407 presses the roller 406 to drive the movable side conveyor 412 to swing away from the front conveyor 411, and the movable side conveyor 412 releases the seedlings 506. As shown in fig. 9, when the piston rod of the second cylinder 403 is extended, the fork releases seedlings and the movable side conveyor 412 grips the seedlings. That is, the moving side conveyor belt and the shifting fork move in opposite directions, and when the moving side conveyor belt clamps seedlings inwards, the shifting fork swings out to put seedlings; when the movable side conveying belt loosens seedlings, the former seedlings are taken away by the front conveying belt, and at the moment, the shifting fork swings into the seedling blocking position, so that the top end of the conveying belt 411 is ensured to be always kept to be clamped by the planting device 4 at the position, and quantitative and fixed-distance planting is realized.
As shown in fig. 11-13, the planting device 4 comprises a chain transmission device 502 driven by a motor 501 and a plurality of hanging cup duckbill planting devices 503 arranged on the chain transmission device 502, the chain transmission device 502 adopts a hollow sleeve roller chain, the planting devices 503 are arranged on the hollow sleeve roller chain and always keep vertical, and an opener 507 for opening the planting devices 503 is arranged below the hollow sleeve roller chain. The planting device 503 and the chain transmission device 502 are all in the prior art, and related documents can be referred to and will not be described again. The opener 507 may be an existing opener, as shown in fig. 16, and the opener adopted in this embodiment is shaped as a stepped bending plate, so that not only can the seedling placing and soil entering actions of the planting apparatus be realized by the contact between the rollers on the upper side of the planting apparatus and the opener, but also the duckbill can be gradually opened to ensure zero-speed seedling throwing and the planting standing rate. As shown in FIG. 11, there are four planting apparatus 503, each shown as Z 1 、Z 2 、Z 3 And Z 4 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In the figure, the moving track of the planting device is divided into three sections, wherein the first section is a seedling taking section, the second section is a seedling transferring section, and the third section is a seedling planting section.
Similar to the first cylinder in fig. 7, the air compressor 322 drives the second cylinder 403 through the direction valve 327, i.e., the air compressor 322 synchronously drives the first cylinder 305 and the second cylinder 403 through the direction valve 327. The direction valve 327 is a two-position five-way mechanical direction valve, and obviously, the direction valve 327 is provided with a spring contact 509.
As shown in fig. 11 and 13, an arcuate rod 504 hinged with the stand 1 is arranged on the stand 1, the arcuate rod 504 is divided into two sections by taking a hinge point as a boundary, wherein the first section is matched with the running track of the planting device 503, and the second section is fixedly connected with a switch rod piece 508 matched with a spring contact 509 of a reversing valve 327; when the top end of the previous planting device 503 on the chain transmission device just abuts against the first section of the arched rod 504 (as shown in a state A1 in fig. 13), the switch rod 508 abuts against the spring contact 509, at this time, the first cylinder 305 commutates to drive the movable baffle 316 to clamp the rows of seedlings of the rear conveying belt 313, the second cylinder 403 commutates to enable the shifting fork to be in a seedling releasing state, and when the seedlings 506 are moved to the front end of the front conveying belt 411 after being pulled out from the shifting fork, the next planting device just moves to the seedling receiving position of the front conveying belt after being separated from the opener 507, thereby effectively ensuring the accurate seedling receiving action of the planting device; when the previous planting apparatus on the chain transmission device leaves the arched rod 504 (as shown in a state A2 in fig. 13), the first section of the arched rod 504 drives the switch rod piece 508 to be away from the reversing valve spring contact 509 under the action of gravity, at this time, the reversing valve spring contact 509 is reset, the first cylinder 305 drives the movable baffle 316 to put seedlings, and the second cylinder reverses to enable the shifting fork to be in a seedling blocking state. As shown in fig. 11, the planting device Z2 just receives the seedlings 506 conveyed on the conveying belt 411, and at the same time, if the planting device Z1 leaves the point B of the arcuate lever 504, the arcuate lever 504 is supported when the planting device Z2 contacts the point a of the arcuate lever 504, the arcuate lever 504 rotates rightward to touch the spring contact on the left side of the reversing valve 327, causing the reversing valve 327 to reverse direction, and thus the cylinder 403 drives the fork to stop the seedlings. When the planting device Z1 leaves and the planting device Z2 moves over the point B of the arch-shaped rod 504, and the planting device Z3 does not contact the point A of the arch-shaped rod 504, the arch-shaped rod 504 falls under the action of gravity, the reversing valve 327 resets until the planting device Z3 moves to contact the point A of the arch-shaped rod 504, the arch-shaped rod 504 is lifted again, the above actions are circulated, and the planting operation of the seedlings 506 is realized repeatedly.
In order to prevent the first segment of the arcuate bar 504 from moving too far under the force of gravity, a stop block (not shown) is provided on the frame to stop the first segment of the arcuate bar.
As shown in fig. 14, the transmission process of the seedling rows conveying device and the automatic seedling separating device in this embodiment is as follows: the frame is provided with a wide gear shaft, the wide gear shaft is arranged on the frame through a wide gear bearing seat 426, the intermediate shaft 17 drives the rear conveyor belt sprocket 302 through a sprocket chain mechanism to drive the rear conveyor belt transmission shaft 307 to drive the rear conveyor belt driving wheel, the rear conveyor belt transmission shaft 307 is provided with a power driving wheel 318, the front conveyor belt driving sprocket 424 is driven by the power driving wheel 318, and the front conveyor belt driving sprocket 424 drives the front conveyor belt driving shaft 425 to rotate.
In this embodiment, the fixed-side conveyor belt and the movable-side conveyor belt may be driven individually by a motor or the like, but the following scheme is preferably adopted in this embodiment: the power driving wheel 318 drives the wide gear driving sprocket 410 and the front conveyer belt driving sprocket 424 simultaneously, the wide gear driving sprocket 410 drives the gear shafts to rotate, the two ends of the wide gear shafts are provided with a first wide gear 416 and a second wide gear 422 which are respectively positioned at two sides of the front conveyer belt, the parallel connecting rod frame is provided with a first narrow gear shaft corresponding to the first wide gear 416, the frame 1 is provided with a second narrow gear shaft corresponding to the second wide gear 422, the first narrow gear shaft and the second narrow gear shaft are provided with narrow gears 417 and 421 which are matched with the first wide gear 416 and the second wide gear 422, and the wide gear shafts, the first narrow gear shaft and the second narrow gear shaft are all parallel to the front conveyer belt driving shaft 425; the first and second narrow gear shafts drive the drive axle of the movable side conveyor belt and the drive axle of the fixed side conveyor belt respectively through bevel gear sets (e.g., bevel gear sets formed by bevel gears 428 and 429).
The present embodiment can also be modified as follows:
1) As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the planting device further comprises a ditching and soil covering device positioned right below the planting device 4, wherein the ditching and soil covering device consists of a ditcher 107 and a soil covering device 108 which are arranged below the frame 1, and a land leveling roller 106 is arranged in front of the ditcher 107.
2) As shown in fig. 1, 3 and 4, the film laminating device 3 further comprises a film laminating device 3, wherein the film laminating device 3 comprises a film frame 201 arranged above the frame 1 and used for installing the film bundle 115, a film pressing plate 207 arranged in the middle of the frame 1, and a film pressing wheel 206 arranged between the furrow opener 107 and the soil covering device 108, and a plurality of film guide rods 205 and two film guide wheels which are mutually attached and contacted are arranged below the frame 1. Preferably, in this embodiment, the two film guiding wheels are respectively a fixed film guiding wheel 211 installed on the film guiding wheel bracket 209 and a movable film guiding wheel 212 installed on the film guiding wheel fixing rod 208, one end of the film guiding wheel fixing rod 208 is hinged with the frame 1, and the other end of the film guiding wheel fixing rod is connected with the frame 1 through the extension spring 210, so that the profile profiling operation can be realized by overcoming the pretightening force of the respective extension springs according to the profile. Preferably, the frame 1 is further provided with a film punching roller 203 for guiding and punching the film.
In use, the film bundle 115 is mounted on the film frame 201, the film extends from the film frame 201, over the punching roller 203 and under the film guide 205, and is positioned between the movable film guide wheel 212 and the fixed film guide wheel 211, extending rearwardly under the film pressing plate 207. The furrow opener 107 is positioned below the film, and opens a film pressing channel for the film pressing wheel 206, so that the channel flatness is ensured. The film pressing wheel 206 is located above the film and presses the film into the channel opened by the furrow opener 107. Immediately behind the film pressing wheel 206, the earth covering 108 turns the earth from the furrow opener 107 into the channel again to press the film.
Through ditching earthing device and tectorial membrane device, can accomplish dress membrane, punch a hole, lead the membrane, ditching, press mold, earthing function by zero manual work disposable operation, very big liberation labour, tectorial membrane is efficient, of high quality simultaneously. Moreover, the two can be used as an independent unit, the assembly and the disassembly are convenient, the structure is compact, the universality is good, a plurality of machines with film coating requirements can be matched, and a good film coating seedbed is created for mechanized transplanting.
The present invention is not limited to the specific technical solutions described in the above embodiments, and other embodiments may be provided in addition to the above embodiments. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made by those skilled in the art, which are within the spirit and principles of the present invention, are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A vegetable transplanting machine, characterized in that: comprises a frame, a seedling forming and conveying device, an automatic seedling separating device and a planting device which are sequentially arranged on the frame from the back to the front; the frame is provided with an intermediate shaft, and the intermediate shaft drives the planting device, the seedling row conveying device and the automatic seedling dividing device to act through a chain sprocket mechanism respectively;
the seedling forming and conveying device comprises a base, a rear conveying belt arranged on the base, and a left baffle and a right baffle which are respectively arranged on two sides of the rear conveying belt, wherein the left baffle comprises a fixed baffle and a movable baffle, and the right baffle and the fixed baffle are fixedly arranged on the base; the base is also provided with a first air cylinder, the cylinder body of the first air cylinder is hinged with the base, the movable baffle is fixedly connected with at least two connecting blocks which extend downwards and are hinged with the base, and the top of the movable baffle is hinged with a piston rod of the first air cylinder;
the automatic seedling separating device comprises a front conveying belt, a fixed block, a parallel connecting rod rest, a movable block and a second air cylinder, wherein a movable side conveying belt and a fixed side conveying belt are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the front conveying belt, the fixed side conveying belt and the movable side conveying belt are vertically arranged, the fixed side conveying belt is arranged on a frame, and the movable side conveying belt is arranged on the movable block;
the fixed block is fixedly connected with the frame, the parallel connecting rod frame consists of two connecting rods which are parallel to each other and are horizontally arranged, one end of each connecting rod is hinged with the fixed block, and the other end of each connecting rod is hinged with the movable block;
a shifting fork positioned above the front conveying belt is arranged on the movable block, and the shifting fork can rotate and has two working states of seedling blocking and seedling placing; the shifting fork consists of a shifting fork fixing block and a shifting fork rod fixed on the shifting fork fixing block, a shifting fork installation rod is fixedly connected to the rack, and the shifting fork fixing block is pivoted with the shifting fork installation rod;
the cylinder body of the second cylinder is hinged with the frame, a piston rod of the second cylinder is fixedly connected with a baffle plate which is vertically arranged, the baffle plate is hinged with one end of a rocker, the other end of the rocker is hinged with one end of a pull rod, the other end of the pull rod is hinged with a shifting fork fixing block, and the middle part of the rocker is pivoted with the frame so as to enable the rocker to move in a vertical plane;
the movable block is provided with a roller which is abutted against the baffle, the baffle is obliquely arranged relative to the fixed-side conveying belt, and a reset spring is arranged between the movable block and the frame;
the planting device comprises a chain transmission device driven by a motor and a plurality of hanging cup duckbilled planting devices arranged on the chain transmission device; the frame is provided with an arch-shaped rod hinged with the frame, the arch-shaped rod is divided into two sections by taking a hinge point of the frame and the arch-shaped rod as a boundary, the first section is matched with the running track of the planting device, and the second section is fixedly connected with a switch rod piece matched with a spring contact of a two-position five-way mechanical reversing valve;
an air compressor is arranged on the frame and synchronously drives a first cylinder and a second cylinder through the reversing valve; in the working process, when the previous planting device on the chain transmission device just abuts against the first section of the arch-shaped rod, the switch rod piece on the second section abuts against the reversing valve spring contact, at the moment, the first cylinder drives the movable baffle to clamp the row of seedlings on the rear conveying belt, the second cylinder drives the shifting fork to release seedlings and simultaneously drives the parallel connecting rod rack to drive the movable side conveying belt to move towards the fixed side conveying belt to clamp the seedlings, and when the seedlings are moved to the front end of the front conveying belt after being pulled out by the shifting fork, the next planting device just moves to the seedling receiving position of the front conveying belt; when the former planting device on the chain transmission device leaves the arch-shaped rod, the first section of the arch-shaped rod drives the switch rod piece to be far away from the reversing valve spring contact under the action of gravity, at the moment, the reversing valve spring contact is reset, the first cylinder drives the movable baffle to release seedlings, the second cylinder drives the shifting fork to drive the parallel connecting rod rack to drive the movable side conveying belt to move towards the direction away from the fixed side conveying belt while the shifting fork is driven to stop seedlings, and the latter planting device moves towards the seedling receiving position of the front conveying belt.
2. Vegetable transplanting machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the frame is provided with a wide gear shaft, two ends of the wide gear shaft are respectively provided with a first wide gear and a second wide gear, the parallel connecting rod frame is provided with a first narrow gear shaft corresponding to the first wide gear, the frame is provided with a second narrow gear shaft corresponding to the second wide gear, the first narrow gear shaft and the second narrow gear shaft are respectively provided with a first narrow gear and a second narrow gear which are matched with the first wide gear and the second wide gear, and the wide gear shaft, the first narrow gear shaft and the second narrow gear shaft are all parallel to a front conveying belt driving shaft; the driving wheel of the rear conveying belt drives the driving wheel of the front conveying belt and the wide gear shaft through chain sprockets; the first narrow gear shaft and the second narrow gear shaft respectively drive the driving wheel shaft of the movable side conveyer belt and the driving wheel shaft of the fixed side conveyer belt through the conical gear sets.
3. Vegetable transplanting machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and a limiting block for limiting the first section of the arched rod is arranged on the frame.
4. Vegetable transplanting machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: four land wheels are arranged on the frame and are respectively arranged at four corners of the frame.
5. The vegetable transplanting machine as set forth in claim 4, wherein: the soil-covering device is characterized by further comprising a ditching and soil-covering device which is positioned right below the planting device, wherein the ditching and soil-covering device is composed of a ditcher and a soil-covering device which are arranged below the frame, and a land leveling roller is arranged in front of the ditcher.
6. The vegetable transplanting machine of claim 5, wherein: the frame is arranged on the tractor, a hydraulic pump is arranged on the frame, and the hydraulic pump and the air compressor are both powered by a power output shaft of the tractor; the hydraulic pump is connected with the hydraulic motor through a hydraulic oil pipe, the land leveling roller is driven by the hydraulic motor, and the first cylinder and the second cylinder are driven by an air-air compressor.
7. The vegetable transplanting machine of claim 6, wherein: the film laminating device comprises a film frame, a film pressing plate and a film pressing wheel, wherein the film frame is arranged above the frame and used for installing film bundles, the film pressing plate is arranged in the middle of the frame, the film pressing wheel is arranged between the furrow opener and the soil covering device, and a plurality of film guide rods and two film guide wheels which are mutually attached and contacted are arranged on the frame.
8. The vegetable transplanting machine of claim 7, wherein: and a film punching roller is arranged on the frame.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810988772.9A CN108770423B (en) | 2018-08-28 | 2018-08-28 | Vegetable transplanting machine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810988772.9A CN108770423B (en) | 2018-08-28 | 2018-08-28 | Vegetable transplanting machine |
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| CN108770423A CN108770423A (en) | 2018-11-09 |
| CN108770423B true CN108770423B (en) | 2023-08-15 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002125413A (en) * | 2000-10-24 | 2002-05-08 | Seirei Ind Co Ltd | Vegetable seedling transplanter |
| CN104412759A (en) * | 2013-08-26 | 2015-03-18 | 现代农装科技股份有限公司 | Pot seedling transplanter capable of tracking seedling grafting |
| CN105794376A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-07-27 | 山东农业大学 | Multifunctional vegetable transplanting machine |
| CN208924599U (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2019-06-04 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | A kind of vegetable transplanting machine |
-
2018
- 2018-08-28 CN CN201810988772.9A patent/CN108770423B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002125413A (en) * | 2000-10-24 | 2002-05-08 | Seirei Ind Co Ltd | Vegetable seedling transplanter |
| CN104412759A (en) * | 2013-08-26 | 2015-03-18 | 现代农装科技股份有限公司 | Pot seedling transplanter capable of tracking seedling grafting |
| CN105794376A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-07-27 | 山东农业大学 | Multifunctional vegetable transplanting machine |
| CN208924599U (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2019-06-04 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | A kind of vegetable transplanting machine |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 传送带式蔬菜移栽机的设计与研究;吴彦强;侯加林;赵润华;刘中正;;农机化研究(第11期);全文 * |
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