CN108767636B - All-fiber weak-coupling few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier - Google Patents

All-fiber weak-coupling few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier Download PDF

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CN108767636B
CN108767636B CN201810710310.0A CN201810710310A CN108767636B CN 108767636 B CN108767636 B CN 108767636B CN 201810710310 A CN201810710310 A CN 201810710310A CN 108767636 B CN108767636 B CN 108767636B
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fiber
few
light
erbium
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CN108767636A (en
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李巨浩
朱景龙
陈章渊
何永琪
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Peking University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/06754—Fibre amplifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
    • H01S3/06716—Fibre compositions or doping with active elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
    • H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping

Abstract

The invention discloses an all-fiber weak-coupling few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier. The erbium-doped fiber amplifier comprises a mode selection coupler, a signal-pumping combiner and a few-mode erbium-doped fiber; the mode selection coupler is used for respectively converting each input single-mode pump light into light of a corresponding set mode in the few-mode optical fiber; the input end of the signal-pumping combiner is connected with the output end of the mode selection coupler and is used for coupling and outputting the input mode division multiplexing signal light and the pump light after mode conversion of the mode selection coupler, and the output end of the signal-pumping combiner is connected with the few-mode erbium-doped optical fiber. The invention has the advantages of small volume, simple structure, easy debugging and complete compatibility with an optical fiber transmission link, and can be completely applied to a weak coupling transmission system.

Description

All-fiber weak-coupling few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber communication, and relates to an all-fiber weak-coupling few-mode erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier.
Background
With the development of internet technology, new services such as high-definition television, mobile multimedia and the like are emerging continuously, the demand of information transmission bandwidth is increasing exponentially, and the transmission capacity of the traditional single-mode fiber reaches 100-Tbit/s due to the limitation of the nonlinear shannon limit, so that a new technology needs to be researched to further improve the transmission capacity of an optical network. In recent years, the use of few-mode optical fibers as a new spatial multiplexing method has received much attention and has proven to be an effective method for increasing the capacity of optical transmission systems. Currently, the mode division multiplexing system is divided into two types: one is a strongly coupled system and the other is a weakly coupled system. In a strongly coupled transmission system, mode coupling cannot be avoided, and a receiving end needs to use coherent detection and Multiple Input Multiple Output Digital Signal Processing (MIMO DSP) technology to realize spatial mode separation. It should be noted that although the conventional coherent detection and MIMO DSP can increase the transmission distance and transmission rate of the system, it will certainly increase the complexity and cost of the system greatly. In a weak coupling transmission system, mode coupling of each part in the system is strictly controlled, with further optimization of device and optical fiber performance, mode coupling is further inhibited by combining a wavelength interleaving technology, the transmission distance of the weak coupling mode division multiplexing system can be hundreds of kilometers, and a receiving end only needs to adopt a simple direct detection mode, so that the scheme undoubtedly can greatly reduce the complexity and cost of the system.
Currently, the transmission loss of mode division multiplexing optical fiber has been reduced to about 0.2dB/km, but when the transmission distance reaches several hundreds or thousands of kilometers, the signal power cannot continue to be transmitted forward due to attenuation. Therefore, in order to make the information-carrying optical signal travel farther, an amplifier must be used in the optical signal transmission process. The erbium-doped fiber amplifier is one of important devices of a medium-long distance mode division multiplexing transmission system, a single-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier is used in most of the current mode division multiplexing systems, when amplification is carried out, a mode division multiplexing signal needs to be demultiplexed into a single-mode signal and then amplified, the amplified single-mode signal is converted into a few-mode signal and is continuously transmitted forwards, and extra power loss and mode coupling are introduced by the amplification mode; and when the number of modes used is large, the number of single-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifiers required is also large, which greatly increases the system cost. To solve the above problems, researchers have proposed few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifiers that support simultaneous amplification of multiple modes. At present, the reported applications of few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifiers are in strongly-coupled mode division multiplexing systems, and most of the structures of few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifiers are based on spatial modes, that is, discrete optical devices are adopted to realize mode conversion of pump light and to couple few-mode erbium-doped fibers, and the structures have the defects of large volume, difficulty in debugging and poor compatibility with fiber links.
According to research, few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifiers are not mature at present and are still in the technical verification stage.
i. Modular division multiplexing technology
With the continuous maturity of time division multiplexing, wavelength division multiplexing, coherent reception, multidimensional modulation and other technologies, the transmission capacity of single-mode optical fibers has reached shannon limit, the capacity growth speed of wavelength division multiplexing optical transmission is slowing down, and the mode division multiplexing technology in few-mode optical fibers is widely concerned as a scheme capable of further improving the capacity of optical networks. The mode division multiplexing technology is characterized in that each mode is used as an independent channel loading signal by utilizing orthogonality among the modes in the optical fiber, and in a mode multiplexing system, the mode is introduced as a new dimension resource, so that the communication capacity of the optical network is greatly improved. Currently, the mode division multiplexing system is divided into two types: one is a strongly coupled system and the other is a weakly coupled system. In a strong coupling transmission system, mode coupling cannot be completely avoided, and a receiving end needs to use coherent detection and a MIMO DSP technology to realize spatial mode separation. It should be noted that although the conventional coherent detection and MIMO DSP can increase the transmission distance and transmission rate of the system, it will certainly increase the complexity and cost of the system greatly. In a weak coupling transmission system, the mode coupling of each part in the system is strictly controlled, the weak coupling few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier is used for compensating link loss, and a simple direct detection mode is only adopted at a receiving end, so that the complexity and the cost of the system can be greatly reduced.
ii, space type few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier
Most of the existing erbium-doped Fiber amplifiers with Few modes are based on space type, and mainly utilize discrete optical devices to realize Mode conversion and optical path coupling (refer to E.Pi, et al, 88X 3X 112-Gb/s WDM Transmission over 50km of Threemode Fiber with Inline Few-Mode Fiber Amplifier, in Proc ECOC 2011, Paper Th.13.C.2; Philipp Genevaux, et al, Amplification of 5 modules carrying each of reach 100Gb/s with a fed Mode EDFA, in Proc ECOC 2015.Paper Tu3 C.5.). The mode conversion of the pump light is realized based on an optical phase plate, and the coupling of the signal light and the pump light into the few-mode erbium-doped fiber is realized based on an optical lens. However, the structure has the disadvantages of large volume, difficult debugging and poor compatibility with the optical fiber link.
iii, photon lantern type few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier
The photonic lantern-type erbium-doped fiber amplifier is the only all-fiber-type erbium-doped fiber amplifier (refer to Lopez-chemico, et al, Few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier with a photonic fiber for pump spatial mode control, opt. let. 41(11), 2588-. The structure firstly utilizes the single-mode wavelength division multiplexer to realize the combination of the signal light and the pump light, and then utilizes the photon lantern to realize the mode conversion of the pump light and the signal light. It should be noted that the photon lantern has the problems of difficult preparation and large mode coupling, and cannot be applied to the weak coupling transmission system. In addition, because a single-mode wavelength division multiplexer is used, when the single-mode wavelength division multiplexer is used for online amplification in a long-distance transmission system, signals need to be demultiplexed, then combined with pump light, then multiplexed and finally amplified, the complexity and the cost of the technology are high, and additional mode coupling and power loss are introduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an all-fiber type weakly-coupled few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier, which is characterized in that an all-fiber type few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier structure is realized by utilizing a cascaded all-fiber mode selection coupler and a signal-pumping combiner, and the input end and the output end of a used device are both in fiber coupling.
At present, although the structure of the few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier has been researched in a laboratory, the few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier is not suitable for a weakly-coupled mode division multiplexing transmission system. The invention provides an all-fiber weak-coupling few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier structure. The all-fiber weak-coupling few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier provided by the invention depends on two designed key devices: an all-fiber mode selection coupler and a signal-pump combiner. The all-fiber mode selection coupler is used for converting single-mode pump light into a specific fundamental mode or a high-order mode in the few-mode fiber. The signal-pumping combiner simultaneously couples the mode division multiplexing signal light and the mode converted pumping light to the few-mode erbium-doped fiber, and solves the problem that the traditional few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier can only realize the mode conversion of the pumping light and the combination of the signal light and the pumping light through a discrete optical device or does not support the combination of the mode division multiplexing signal and the pumping light, so that the structure has the advantages of small volume, simple structure, easy debugging and complete compatibility with an optical fiber transmission link. Besides the advantages of the all-fiber structure, the structure provided by the invention can also greatly improve the performance of the few-mode EDFA. In the structure, the cascaded all-fiber mode selection coupler is adopted to support the injection of a plurality of pump light combination modes, so that the structure of the invention not only can reduce the gain of the differential mode by designing the erbium-doped fiber structure with less mode, but also can effectively reduce the gain of the differential mode by adjusting the mode combination of injected pump light. Finally, because the signal-pumping combiner insensitive to the signal mode is utilized, the device does not introduce additional mode coupling, which ensures that the structure of the erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier with less modes provided by the invention can be applied to a weak coupling transmission system.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an all-fiber weak-coupling few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier is characterized by comprising a mode selection coupler, a signal-pump combiner and a few-mode erbium-doped fiber; the mode selection coupler is used for respectively converting each input single-mode pump light into light of a corresponding set mode in the few-mode optical fiber; the input end of the signal-pumping combiner is connected with the output end of the mode selection coupler and is used for coupling and outputting the input mode division multiplexing signal light and the pump light after mode conversion of the mode selection coupler, and the output end of the signal-pumping combiner is connected with the few-mode erbium-doped optical fiber.
Further, the signal-pump combiner couples and outputs the input mode division multiplexing signal light and the pump light coupled and output by the mode selection by using a thin film interference technology.
Furthermore, the signal-pumping combiner comprises two fixing devices, two lenses and a diaphragm; wherein the first fixing device is used for fixing the optical fiber output end of the mode selection coupler and the optical fiber output end of the signal-pump combiner, the first fixing device is sequentially followed by a first lens, the diaphragm, a second lens and a second fixing device, the second fixing device is used for fixing a few-mode optical fiber for transmitting the mode division multiplexing signal light, the second lens is used for collimating the mode division multiplexing signal light and enabling the collimated light to enter one side of the diaphragm, the first lens is used for enabling light output by the optical fiber output end of the mode selection coupler to enter the other side of the diaphragm, the diaphragm transmits the mode division multiplexing signal light incident from one side and reflects the pump light incident from the other side, and the first lens collimates the mode division multiplexing signal light transmitted by the diaphragm and the reflected pump light and inputs the collimated light to the optical fiber output end of the signal-pump combiner.
Further, the fixing device is a capillary tube.
Further, the mode selection coupler is one or more cascaded all-fiber mode selection couplers, each all-fiber mode selection coupler is used for converting an input single-mode pump light into light of a set mode in the few-mode fiber, and different all-fiber mode selection couplers convert the input single-mode pump light into light of different set modes in the few-mode fiber.
Furthermore, the all-fiber mode selection coupler is prepared by adopting a fused biconical taper method, and conversion of different modes is realized according to phase matching conditions.
Further, the differential mode gain brought by the erbium-doped fiber with less modes is adjusted by adjusting the number of modes of the injected pump light and the power ratio of different modes.
Further, the mode selection coupler is a PLC waveguide, a Y-type waveguide or an MMI waveguide.
Furthermore, the device also comprises two few-mode isolators; the first few-mode isolator is connected with an input end of the signal-pumping combiner for receiving the mode division multiplexing signal light, and the second few-mode isolator is connected with an amplified signal output end of the few-mode erbium-doped fiber.
An all-fiber type weakly-coupled few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier is characterized by comprising an all-fiber type mode selection coupler, a signal-pumping combiner and a few-mode erbium-doped fiber; the all-fiber mode selection coupler is used for converting input single-mode pump light into light of a set mode in a few-mode fiber; the input end of the signal-pumping combiner is connected with the output end of the all-fiber mode selection coupler and is used for coupling and outputting the input mode division multiplexing signal light and the pump light after the mode conversion of the all-fiber mode selection coupler, and the output end of the signal-pumping combiner is connected with the few-mode erbium-doped fiber.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the technical scheme of the invention has the greatest advantage that an all-fiber type weakly-coupled few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier structure is provided by utilizing an all-fiber mode selection coupler and a designed signal-pumping combiner, and the input and output ends of used devices are all fiber-coupled. The structure of the invention can bring the following beneficial effects: firstly, compared with the prior space-based few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier, the structure has the advantages of small volume, simple structure, easy debugging and complete compatibility with an optical fiber transmission link; secondly, the cascaded mode selection coupler supports a plurality of pump lights with different modes to be injected into the few-mode erbium-doped fiber, so that the structure not only can effectively reduce the gain of a differential mode by designing the structure of the few-mode erbium-doped fiber, but also can effectively reduce the gain of the differential mode by adjusting the mode combination of the injected pump lights; finally, the signal-pump combiner designed by the invention is insensitive to signal optical modes, so that the device does not introduce mode coupling, and the structure is weakly coupled and can be completely applied to a weakly coupled transmission system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an all-fiber type weakly-coupled few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier structure;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a mode selection coupler;
fig. 3 is a diagram of a signal-pump combiner structure;
fig. 4 is an example diagram of a mode selection coupler.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned and other features and advantages of the invention more comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
The invention provides an all-fiber weak-coupling few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier structure, the basic structure of which is shown in figure 1. In the long-distance transmission system of the mode division multiplexing, after the mode division multiplexing signals are transmitted by the few-mode optical fiber, the signals cannot be continuously transmitted forward due to the attenuation of the optical fiber, and therefore, the signals need to be accessed into a few-mode erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier for amplification. In the erbium-doped fiber amplifier with few modes, the pump light is first mode-converted by the all-fiber mode-selective coupler, and the structure is shown in fig. 2. It should be noted that fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cascaded all-fiber mode selective coupler, that is, a plurality of mode selective couplers are cascaded to implement simultaneous conversion from mode 1 to mode n for a plurality of pump lights, where n is the number of modes supported by a few-mode fiber. The number of cascaded mode selection couplers may be one single coupler, or two, three, or n couplers, as the case may be. That is to say, the pump light conversion scheme proposed by the present invention can convert only a single pump light to a certain mode in a specific few-mode fiber, and can also convert a plurality of pump lights to different modes in the few-mode fiber respectively and simultaneously. For convenience of understanding, the present invention gives an example, and as shown in fig. 4, combined outputs of the pump light LP01 mode, LP11 mode, and LP21 mode are realized at the output terminal using a three-stage cascade mode selection coupler. The preparation of the all-fiber mode selective coupler adopts a fused biconical taper method, the conversion of different modes is realized according to the phase matching condition, and a plurality of pump lights in different modes can be generated by cascading different mode selective couplers. Besides the mode selection coupler provided by the scheme to realize the mode conversion of the pump light, the mode conversion of the pump light can be realized by other methods such as a PLC waveguide, a Y-shaped waveguide and an MMI waveguide. The signal-pumping combiner couples the mode division multiplexing signal light to be amplified from the few-mode fiber and the local mode-converted pump light into the few-mode erbium-doped fiber so as to realize the amplification of the mode division multiplexing signal light, and the input and output ends of the signal-pumping combiner are all fiber-coupled and have the structure shown in fig. 3. The signal-pump combiner combines signal light and pump light to an output end simultaneously by using a thin film interference technology, wherein a capillary is used for fixing an optical fiber, a lens is used for collimating light, and a diaphragm simultaneously transmits the signal light and reflects the pump light to the output end according to the thin film interference technology. At the output of the signal-pump combiner, the signal light and the pump light are combined and output, and then injected into the few-mode erbium-doped fiber. And the amplified mode division multiplexing signal enters the next section of few-mode optical fiber for continuous transmission. Few-mode isolators are used to prevent the return of signal light (since existing single-mode isolators are made with faraday rotators, the structure is insensitive to mode and can be extended to few-mode isolators). It should be noted that the input and output ends of the device used in the present invention are all fiber-coupled. The cascade mode selection coupler supports a plurality of pump lights in different modes to be injected into the erbium-doped fiber in a few-mode simultaneously, so that the differential mode gain is reduced by designing the erbium-doped fiber in a few-mode fiber structure, the differential mode gain of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier in a few-mode can be effectively reduced by adjusting the mode combination of the injected pump lights, and the erbium-doped fiber amplifier has high practicability. It should be noted that the signal-pump combiner proposed by the present invention is insensitive to the signal optical mode, so it does not introduce additional mode coupling, which also ensures that the structure supports weak coupling and can be applied to weakly coupled transmission systems.
The key points in the scheme are as follows:
(1) all-fiber structure
The existing technical scheme is realized by a discrete optical device, and no matter pump light mode conversion is adopted or pump light and signal light are coupled into a few-mode erbium-doped fiber, the structure has the defects of large volume, difficult debugging and poor compatibility with an optical fiber link. In comparison, the invention proposes to use the signal-pumping combiner and the all-fiber mode selective coupler to replace the optical device, so that the input and output ends of the devices used in the whole structure of the few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier are all fiber-coupled, the compatibility of the whole link is better, and the problems in the prior art are solved.
(2) All-fiber mode selection coupler
In the existing few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier, most of pump light mode conversion depends on an optical phase plate, so that the system volume and the connection loss are large, and the problem still exists in commercialization. In the scheme provided by the invention, the pumping light mode conversion is realized by using the all-fiber mode selection coupler, and the device has small volume, is perfectly compatible with an optical fiber link and has no connection loss. In addition, one or more cascaded mode selection couplers are adopted, so that the injection of pump light of one mode or a combination of multiple modes into the erbium-doped fiber with less modes can be realized. This has the advantage that when the number of signal multiplexing modes is large, in addition to reducing the differential mode gain by designing the erbium-doped fiber with less modes, the differential mode gain can be reduced by adjusting the number of modes of the injected pump light and the power ratio of different modes.
(3) Signal-pumping combiner
Most of pumping light and signal light combining paths in the existing few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier depend on optical lenses, and the size and the insertion loss are large. Therefore, the invention provides a scheme for preparing a signal-pumping combiner insensitive to a mode by using a thin film interference principle, and the input end and the output end of the signal-pumping combiner are all few-mode optical fibers, so that the signal-pumping combiner is convenient to connect, smaller in size and very high in practicability. In addition, because the structure is insensitive to the signal optical mode, it does not introduce additional mode coupling, which also ensures that the entire structure of the few-mode amplifier supports weak coupling and can be applied to weakly coupled transmission systems.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and a person skilled in the art can make modifications or equivalent substitutions to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention should be determined by the claims.

Claims (7)

1. An all-fiber weak-coupling few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier is characterized by comprising a mode selection coupler, a signal-pump combiner and a few-mode erbium-doped fiber; the mode selection coupler is used for respectively converting each input single-mode pump light into light of a corresponding set mode in the few-mode optical fiber; the input end of the signal-pumping combiner is connected with the output end of the mode selection coupler and is used for coupling and outputting the input mode division multiplexing signal light and the light after mode conversion of the mode selection coupler, and the output end of the signal-pumping combiner is connected with the few-mode erbium-doped optical fiber; the signal-pumping combiner comprises two fixing devices, two lenses and a diaphragm; wherein the first fixing device is used for fixing the optical fiber output end of the mode selection coupler and the optical fiber output end of the signal-pump combiner, the first fixing device is sequentially followed by a first lens, the diaphragm, a second lens and a second fixing device, the second fixing device is used for fixing a few-mode optical fiber for transmitting the mode division multiplexing signal light, the second lens is used for collimating the mode division multiplexing signal light and enabling the collimated light to enter one side of the diaphragm, the first lens is used for enabling light output by the optical fiber output end of the mode selection coupler to enter the other side of the diaphragm, the diaphragm transmits the mode division multiplexing signal light incident from one side and reflects the light incident from the other side, and the first lens collimates the mode division multiplexing signal light transmitted by the diaphragm and the reflected light and inputs the collimated light to the optical fiber output end of the signal-pump combiner; the mode selection coupler is a plurality of cascaded all-fiber mode selection couplers, each all-fiber mode selection coupler is used for converting an input single-mode pump light into light with a set mode in the few-mode fiber, and different all-fiber mode selection couplers convert the input single-mode pump light into light with different set modes in the few-mode fiber.
2. The all-fiber weak-coupling erbium-doped fiber amplifier of claim 1, wherein the signal-pump combiner couples out the input mode-division-multiplexed signal light and the mode-selective-coupled-out light by using thin-film interference technology.
3. The all-fiber type weakly-coupled erbium-doped fiber amplifier according to claim 1, wherein said fixing means is a capillary.
4. The all-fiber type weakly-coupled erbium-doped fiber amplifier of claim 1, wherein the all-fiber type mode selective coupler is fabricated by fused biconical taper, and realizes conversion of different modes according to phase matching conditions.
5. The all-fiber type weakly-coupled erbium-doped fiber amplifier of claim 1, wherein the differential mode gain of the erbium-doped fiber is adjusted by adjusting the number of modes of the injected pump light and the power ratio of different modes.
6. The all-fiber weakly-coupled erbium-doped fiber amplifier according to claim 1, wherein the mode-selective coupler is a PLC waveguide, a Y-waveguide or an MMI waveguide.
7. The all-fiber weakly-coupled erbium-doped fiber amplifier according to claim 1, further comprising two few-mode isolators; the first few-mode isolator is connected with an input end of the signal-pumping combiner for receiving the mode division multiplexing signal light, and the second few-mode isolator is connected with an amplified signal output end of the few-mode erbium-doped fiber.
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