CN108760058A - A kind of measurement method and device of ultra-short laser impulse width - Google Patents
A kind of measurement method and device of ultra-short laser impulse width Download PDFInfo
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- CN108760058A CN108760058A CN201810341854.4A CN201810341854A CN108760058A CN 108760058 A CN108760058 A CN 108760058A CN 201810341854 A CN201810341854 A CN 201810341854A CN 108760058 A CN108760058 A CN 108760058A
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J11/00—Measuring the characteristics of individual optical pulses or of optical pulse trains
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Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of measurement method and device of ultra-short laser impulse width.Testing laser pulse is divided into two-way, wherein adjust delay time all the way occurs laser pulse overlying interference with another way.The relevant amplitude fluctuations of intensity of laser pulse are acquired on each delay time point, and screen out the maximum value and minimum value of amplitude through data processing system, calculate difference between the two.Because the interference overlapping area of different delays time point two-way laser pulse is different, cause the difference of pulse interference amplitude fluctuations different, it is poor with different delays time one-to-one amplitude fluctuations to obtain, that is, measures the time-domain shape curve of ultrashort laser pulse, and then obtains pulse width.The device of above-mentioned method and realization this method has simple in structure, it is of low cost, it is not easy by external environmental interference, can realize closed measurement, have the advantages of wavelength and pulse width range easy to operate, that measure pulse laser are big, precision is high, size is exquisite, are convenient for carrying.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of new methods of measurment of laser pulse width, are measured more particularly, to a kind of ultra-short pulse width
Method and apparatus.
Background technology
Ultra-short pulse laser has important in chemical molecular identification, biomedicine, physics, the accurate processing and other fields of laser
Application value, higher peak power can be generated under lower power consumption, has become important production and application tool.No
Pipe is scientific research or commercial Application, it is necessary to which the accurate pulse width information for knowing ultrashort laser just can be fully realized and make
With this kind of laser；I.e. pulse width measuring or the fine structure of light splitting pulse (picosecond or femtosecond pulse) are manufactures and with super
The key of short-pulse laser.Currently with the progress of oscillograph technology, millisecond, microsecond, nanosecond even hundreds of picosecond magnitudes
Laser pulse width can coordinate high-speed photodetector accurately to measure by high-speed oscilloscope, but hundred picoseconds extremely fly
The second ultra-short pulse laser of width can hardly then be measured by this method, mostly use relative complex technology and equipment greatly.
Has following traditional technology for the measurement of ultrashort laser pulse：Autocorrelation measurement method, frequency-resolved optical gating method
(FROG：Frequency Resolved Optical Gating), spectral correlation chromatography (SPIDER:
Spectral Phase Inerferometry for DirectElectric-field Reconstruction).Auto-correlation
Instrument only can measure the intensity profiles envelope of ultrashort laser pulse；It is strong that FROG and SPIDER both methodss can not only measure pulse
Shape envelope is spent, and impulse phase characteristic can be measured.Their Integral Thoughts are that laser is divided into two-beam, wherein one
Adjustable mechanical stepper motor is added in the light path of Shu Guang, then converges to two-beam on nonlinear crystal, is walked by controlling
Stepper motor realizes that the measurement of laser pulse width, the method not only need nonlinear crystal (for light times using phase matched
Frequently and frequency etc.), and complicated (non-all optical fibre structure) is expensive, substantially by offshore company's monopolization (as Germany APE,
U.S. Femtochrome Research etc.).In addition, above-mentioned technology exists cumbersome (needing multi-part linkage fine adjustment)
The problem of, it is larger using difficulty；And measurement laser wavelength is limited, different laser wavelengths need to frequently replace nonlinear optics frequency multiplication
Crystal is also influenced by polarization state in actual mechanical process apparent.
The two-photon fluorescence method and streak camera of early stage can also realize the measurement of Ps Laser Pulse width, but the former with
There is very strong background noise so that the weak signal near main pulse is not easily detected, and the latter is expensive, time delay
It is not easy to adjust with dynamic range, and temporal resolution is relatively low (several picoseconds).
Invention content
Main problem to be solved by this invention is to propose a kind of all -fiber formula, simple in structure, of low cost, is not easy by outer
The ultra-short laser impulse width measurement method and device of boundary's environmental disturbances realize closed measurement, easy to operate, measure wavelength and
Time domain scale is big, and precision is high, and size is exquisite, is convenient for carrying.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
A kind of measurement method of ultra-short laser impulse width, includes the following steps：
1) pulse laser to be measured is divided into two-way, is all the way reference laser, another way is delay after optical delay devices
Laser；
2) reference laser pulse and delay laser pulse are interfered, and measure interference data in real time, and in deferred mount
Retardation is adjusted within the scope of maximum delay to calculate each one by one in two-way laser pulse overlying interference time of origin section and prolong
The maximum interference amplitude fluctuations that slow time point upper two-way laser pulse is generated because of interference are poor；
3) poor according to corresponding interference amplitude fluctuations on each delay time point, it obtains maximum amplitude fluctuation difference and prolongs
One-to-one time domain waveform of slow time, to obtain the time width of ultrashort laser pulse.
In a preferred embodiment：In the step 2, include with the comprehensive delayed sweep device of first time precision most
Big delayed scope, carry out first time data acquisition, with this judge two-way light under different delay time points interference phenomenon it is strong
Weak, the period of the interference generation of final determining two-way light, the interference time of origin section includes interference initial time, interferes most
Strong time, interference end time.
In a preferred embodiment：In the step 2, with the second time precision in the interference time of origin section two
The interference data of road light carries out second of data acquisition；Second time precision is higher than the first time precision, counts one by one
Calculate the maximum interference that two-way laser pulse is generated because of interference on each delay time point in the interference time of origin section
Amplitude fluctuations are poor.
In a preferred embodiment：In the step 1, pulse laser to be measured is divided into two-way, the power of two-way laser
Than for arbitrary power ratio.
In a preferred embodiment：First time precision is femtosecond or picosecond, and the second time precision is femtosecond
Grade or picosecond.
In a preferred embodiment：The maximum interference amplitude fluctuations difference refers to the two-way on each delay time point
Laser generates the fluctuation of amplitude, the difference of maximum value and minimum value in the amplitude change procedure because of interference.
In a preferred embodiment：With monotonic increase or monotone decreasing area within the scope of the maximum delay of deferred mount
Interior point-by-point adjusting fiber adjustable delay device.
The present invention also provides a kind of measuring devices of ultra-short laser impulse width, including：First fiber coupler, second
Fiber coupler, optical path difference matching optical fiber, fiber adjustable delay device, photodetector, data collecting card, data processing system
System；
The public input terminal of wherein described first fiber coupler connects pulse laser to be measured, and one in two output end
The input terminal of a connection fiber adjustable delay device, another connects the input terminal of the optical path difference matching optical fiber；It is described
The output end of fiber adjustable delay device, the optical path difference matching optical fiber output end respectively with second fiber coupler
Two input ports are connected so that are interfered after the convergence of two-way laser；
The public output of second fiber coupler is connected with the photodetector, converts light signals into telecommunications
Number, photodetector is connected with data collecting card, and data collecting card samples the electric signal of reception, by the data after sampling
Data processing system is sent into be handled.
In a preferred embodiment：The optical fiber used in the measuring device is quartz substrate optical fiber or fluoride matrix
Optical fiber or sulfide matrix optical fiber or other matrix type optical fiber.
In a preferred embodiment：With monotonic increase or monotone decreasing area within the scope of the maximum delay of deferred mount
Interior point-by-point adjusting fiber adjustable delay device.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the measuring device of ultra-short laser impulse width in the preferred embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that the 1.56 mu m waveband femtoseconds measured using this method and commercial autocorrelation function analyzer in the preferred embodiment of the present invention are swashed
Light pulse comparison diagram；
Fig. 3 is 1.06 mu m wavebands picosecond measured using this method and commercial autocorrelation function analyzer in the preferred embodiment of the present invention
Laser pulse comparison diagram；
Fig. 4 is that the preferred embodiment of the present invention measures 1.96 mu m waveband Ps Laser Pulse figures using this method.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is further illustrated With reference to embodiment.Wherein, attached drawing only for illustration,
What is indicated is only schematic diagram rather than pictorial diagram, should not be understood as the limitation to this patent；Reality in order to better illustrate the present invention
Example is applied, the certain components of attached drawing have omission, zoom in or out, and do not represent the size of actual product；To those skilled in the art
For, the omitting of some known structures and their instructions in the attached drawings are understandable.
Embodiment 1
Refering to fig. 1, this example provides the measuring device of ultra-short laser impulse width, including 1 and of the first fiber coupler
Second fiber coupler 2, optical path difference matching optical fiber 3, fiber adjustable delay device 4, photodetector 5, data collecting card 6, number
According to processing system 7.Wherein the public input terminal of first fiber coupler 1 connects pulse laser to be measured, the first fiber coupling
The effect of device is that the pulse laser equalization of input is divided into two beams；A connection swing arm in two output end, i.e. optical fiber can
It adjusts the input terminal of deferred mount 4, the other end to connect reference arm, the input of one section of optical path difference matching optical fiber 3 is connected in reference arm
End optimizes two-way coherence for accurately matching two-arm light path；Output end, the light of the fiber adjustable delay device 4
The output end of path difference matching optical fiber 3 is connected with two ports of second fiber coupler 2 respectively, second fiber coupling
The effect of device 2 is that two-arm laser is converged at one to the interference for realizing laser pulse；Second fiber coupler 2 it is public defeated
Outlet is connected with the photodetector 5, converts light signals into electric signal, and photodetector 5 is connected with data collecting card 6,
Data collecting card 6 samples the analog electrical signal of reception, and the data after sampling are sent at data processing system 7
Reason.
In other possible embodiments, the beam splitting capabilities ratio of the fiber coupler of the first fiber coupler/second is arbitrary
Equal beam splitting capabilities ratio.The optical fiber used in the measuring device is quartz substrate optical fiber or fluoride matrix optical fiber or vulcanization
Object matrix optical fiber or other matrix type optical fiber.With monotonic increase or monotone decreasing within the scope of the maximum delay of deferred mount
Fiber adjustable delay device is adjusted in section point by point.
Embodiment 2
It is measured using the unknown mode-locked laser pulse width of 1.56 μm of pulse widths of device pair of embodiment 1, specifically
Include the following steps：
1. opening the power supply of fiber adjustable delay device 4, photodetector 5 and data processing system 7 respectively；Connect light
The data connecting line of fine adjustable delay device 4 and data collecting card 6 with data processing system 7；
2. synchronizing the triggering delay time point of optical fibre delay device 4 and adopting for data collecting card 6 by data processing system 7
Collect time point, retardation is adjusted within the scope of 4 maximum delay time of optical fibre delay device, is sent out in two-way laser pulse overlying interference
In the raw period, two-way laser pulse on each delay time point is calculated one by one because interfering and the maximum interference amplitude of generation
Fluctuation is poor；Include that first time data acquisition is carried out with the maximum delay range of the comprehensive delayed sweep device of first time precision, with
This judges the power of two-way light interference phenomenon under different delay time points, the final time for determining the interference of two-way light and occurring
Section, the interference time of origin section include interference initial time, interference most strong time, interference end time.The delay time
Range refers to the range of ascending monotonic increase range or descending monotone decreasing, and each delay time point is adopted
The data transmission collected interferes amplitude fluctuations to data processing system 7, to obtain two beam laser in each delay time point
The difference of maximum value and minimum value judges the power of interference phenomenon according to amplitude fluctuations difference；And then it is existing according to two beam laser interferences
The strong and weak of elephant finds and determines two beam laser interference initial times, interference most strong time, interference end time；When gamut scans
Scanning accuracy is picosecond, the step primarily to find interference initial time and the interference end time of two beam laser,
Therefore it by the acquisition and processing to carrying out rough grade data on limited a delay time point, can complete to send out interference faster
The measurement of raw delay time range；In the present embodiment, the delay time range specifically refers to the dullness from 0ps to 560ps and passs
Increase scanning range or the monotone decreasing scanning range from 560ps to 0ps；The sweep speed of fibre delay line is set as 10ps/
Second, time precision 1ps, in the gamut of 560ps, according to two beam interferometer laser amplitude fluctuations maximum values and minimum value
Difference size, determine that two beam laser interference initial times are 370ps, interference most strong time is 372ps, the interference end time is
375ps；Because of the non-overlapping interference of two-arm laser pulse on other delay time points, therefore without interference amplitude fluctuations.
3. the delay time range that the interference obtained by the 2nd step occurs only has 5ps, setting fiber adjustable delay line 4 to sweep
It is 370ps -374.5ps to retouch time range, and time precision is 0.1ps (i.e. 100fs), totally 46 delay time points.Pass through data
Processing system 7 synchronizes the acquisition time of the delay time point and data collecting card of trigger delay line, is swept in the delay line of setting
It retouches in time precision 0.1ps (i.e. 100fs) and scanning range 370-374.5ps, the unidirectional ascending dullness of delay line that manipulates is passed
The method of increasing all carries out 46 delay time points the acquisition and processing of data, and 46 groups of acquisition and each delay time point are one by one
Corresponding interference laser amplitude fluctuations are poor, to realize high-precision data acquisition.
4. according to the difference for interfering laser pulse amplitude fluctuations on each delay time point correspondingly therewith, can obtain
Go out ultrashort laser pulse and delay time one-to-one time domain waveform, finally obtains the time width of ultrashort laser pulse.
Using delay time as abscissa, using the maximum value of the rangeability on each delay time point as ordinate just
The time domain waveform of the laser pulse can be drawn.Interference with the second time precision to two-way light in the interference time of origin section
Data carry out second of data acquisition；Second time precision is higher than the first time precision, calculates the interference one by one
The maximum interference amplitude fluctuations that two-way laser pulse is generated because of interference on each delay time point in time of origin section are poor.
Pulse laser to be measured is divided into two-way, and the power ratio of two-way laser is arbitrary power ratio.First time precision be femtosecond or
Person's picosecond, the second time precision are femtosecond or picosecond.The maximum interference amplitude fluctuations difference refers to prolonging at each
Slow time point upper two-way laser generates the fluctuation of amplitude because of interference, the maximum value and minimum value in the amplitude change procedure
Difference.To adjust fiber adjustable delay point by point in monotonic increase or monotone decreasing section within the scope of the maximum delay of deferred mount
Device.
The pulse width figure and utilization commercialization autocorrelation function analyzer measured with reference to the method for figure 2 through the invention
The pulse width figure that (Femtochrome Research Inc., FR-103XL) is determined is compared, and basic perfect overlaps.
Therefore this method and device have excellent precision and the practical ability used.
Other than measuring the pulse width of 1.56 μm of mode locking femtosecond pulses, inventor also uses the device of above-described embodiment
Measure 1.06 μm and 1.96 μm of Mode-locked lasers in succession with method, experimental result is as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4.
Fig. 3 is the pulse width figure and commercialization autocorrelation function analyzer that 1.06 μm of Mode-locked lasers measure by the method for the invention
The pulse width figure that (Femtochrome Research Inc., FR-103XL) is determined is compared, and basic perfect overlaps.
Further demonstrating the device of the invention and measurement method has very high precision and practical ability.
Fig. 4 is the 1.96 μm of mode-locked laser pulse curves measured using the measuring device of the present invention, tested as shown in Figure 4 to swash
Optical pulse shape is smooth symmetrical, therefore the device of the invention has 1 μm~2 μm wide wave-length coverages, femtosecond pulsewidth to picosecond
The measurement capability of pulse duration range.By in Current commercial autocorrelation function analyzer (Femtochrome Research, Inc.FR-103XL)
The limitation of portion's frequency-doubling crystal cannot measure the laser pulse that wavelength is more than 1.8 μm, but the device of the invention is conductible in optical fiber
It can accurate, stabilization work in laser wavelength range.If the present embodiment device is changed to fluoride or chalcogenide fiber, survey
The wave-length coverage of amount laser can be extended to ultraviolet (~0.3 μm) (~4 μm) wave band infrared in；Most due to current delay line
Small delay precision can reach 1fs, therefore the most short measurement pulse width of measuring device of the present invention can reach 5fs (because of arteries and veins
Rushing waveform at least needs 5 data points just substantially accurate).
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention be only to clearly illustrate example of the present invention, and not be pair
The restriction of embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the art, may be used also on the basis of the above description
To make other variations or changes in different ways.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.It is all this
All any modification, equivalent and improvement etc., should be included in the claims in the present invention made by within the spirit and principle of invention
Protection domain within.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of measurement method of ultra-short laser impulse width, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
1) pulse laser to be measured is divided into two-way, is all the way reference laser, another way is delay laser after optical delay devices；
2) reference laser pulse and delay laser pulse are interfered, and measure interference data in real time, and in the maximum of deferred mount
Retardation is adjusted in delayed scope, in two-way laser pulse overlying interference time of origin section, when calculating each delay one by one
Between the maximum interference amplitude fluctuations putting upper two-way laser pulse and generated because of interference it is poor；
3) poor according to corresponding interference amplitude fluctuations on each delay time point, when obtaining maximum amplitude fluctuation difference with delay
Between one-to-one time domain waveform, to obtain the time width of ultrashort laser pulse.
2. a kind of measurement method of ultra-short laser impulse width according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step 2
In, include carrying out first time data acquisition with the maximum delay range of the comprehensive delayed sweep device of first time precision, being sentenced with this
The power of disconnected two-way light interference phenomenon under different delay time points, the final period for determining the interference of two-way light and occurring,
The interference time of origin section includes interference initial time, interference most strong time, interference end time.
3. a kind of measurement method of ultra-short laser impulse width according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The step 2
In, second of data acquisition is carried out to the interference data of two-way light in the interference time of origin section with the second time precision；Institute
It states the second time precision and is higher than the first time precision, calculate each delay time in the interference time of origin section one by one
The maximum interference amplitude fluctuations that two-way laser pulse on point is generated because of interference are poor.
4. a kind of measurement method of ultra-short laser impulse width according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step 1
In, pulse laser to be measured is divided into two-way, and the power ratio of two-way laser is arbitrary power ratio.
5. a kind of measurement method of ultra-short laser impulse width according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Essence at the first time
Degree is that either the second time precision of picosecond is femtosecond or picosecond to femtosecond.
6. a kind of measurement method of ultra-short laser impulse width according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The maximum dry
It refers to the fluctuation that two-way laser generates amplitude because of interference on each delay time point to relate to amplitude fluctuations difference, which becomes
The difference of maximum value and minimum value during change.
7. a kind of measurement method of ultra-short laser impulse width according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In deferred mount
Maximum delay within the scope of to adjust fiber adjustable delay device point by point in monotonic increase or monotone decreasing section.
8. a kind of measuring device of ultra-short laser impulse width, it is characterised in that including：First fiber coupler, the second optical fiber coupling
Clutch, optical path difference matching optical fiber, fiber adjustable delay device, photodetector, data collecting card, data processing system；
The public input terminal of wherein described first fiber coupler connects pulse laser to be measured, a company in two output end
The input terminal of the fiber adjustable delay device is connect, another connects the input terminal of the optical path difference matching optical fiber；The optical fiber
Output end two with second fiber coupler respectively of the output end of adjustable delay device, optical path difference matching optical fiber
Input port is connected so that is interfered after the convergence of two-way laser；
The public output of second fiber coupler is connected with the photodetector, converts light signals into electric signal,
Photodetector is connected with data collecting card, and data collecting card samples the electric signal of reception, and the data after sampling are sent
Enter data processing system to be handled.
9. a kind of measuring device of ultra-short laser impulse width according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：The measurement dress
It is quartz substrate optical fiber or fluoride matrix optical fiber or sulfide matrix optical fiber or other matrix type light to set the middle optical fiber used
It is fine.
10. a kind of measuring device of ultra-short laser impulse width according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：It is filled in delay
To adjust fiber adjustable delay device point by point in monotonic increase or monotone decreasing section within the scope of the maximum delay set.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110987200A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-04-10 | 华中科技大学 | Method and device for measuring attosecond pulse |
| CN111521264A (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2020-08-11 | 北京瑞通科悦科技有限公司 | Rapid calculation method and device for pulse energy measurement |
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