CN111521264B - A fast calculation method and device for pulse energy measurement - Google Patents
A fast calculation method and device for pulse energy measurement Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于脉冲能量测量的快速计算方法和装置,适用于热电堆探测器进行脉冲能量测量时使用。其中,通过从探测器测得的电压响应曲线中获得起始阈值点(T s ,V s )、最大值点(T m ,V m )、结束阈值点(T e ,V e ),将电压响应曲线按照时间点T s 、T m 、T e 分为四个阶段,然后根据实际采样数据计算出T s ~T m 和T m ~T e 阶段对应曲线下方的面积S m 和S e ,并估算出0~T s 和T e ~∞阶段对应曲线下方的面积S s 和S t ,最后计算四个阶段对应曲线下方的面积的总和,并计算出光学能量的测量值。通过上述计算方法,能够提高测试速度,快速测量入射信号的变化,能够快速计算出入射光的能量值,测量相对偏差小,满足了实际应用中对检测对象实现高精度、快速响应的需求。
The invention discloses a fast calculation method and device for pulse energy measurement, which are suitable for use when a thermopile detector performs pulse energy measurement. Among them, by obtaining the starting threshold point ( T s , V s ), the maximum value point ( T m , V m ), and the ending threshold value point ( T e , V e ) from the voltage response curve measured by the detector, the voltage The response curve is divided into four stages according to the time points T s , T m , and T e , and then the areas S m and S e under the corresponding curves of T s ~ T m and T m ~ T e stages are calculated according to the actual sampling data, and The areas under the curves S s and S t corresponding to the 0 ~ T s and Te ~ ∞ stages are estimated, and finally the sum of the areas under the curves corresponding to the four stages is calculated, and the optical energy measurements are calculated. Through the above calculation method, the test speed can be improved, the change of the incident signal can be quickly measured, the energy value of the incident light can be quickly calculated, and the relative deviation of the measurement can be small, which meets the needs of high precision and fast response to the detection object in practical applications.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种用于脉冲能量测量的快速计算方法,尤其涉及一种用于热电堆探测器进行脉冲能量测量时使用的快速计算方法;同时涉及用于实现上述快速计算方法的装置。The invention relates to a fast calculation method for pulse energy measurement, in particular to a fast calculation method used for pulse energy measurement of a thermopile detector, and a device for realizing the above fast calculation method.
背景技术Background technique
目前,激光器在通信、医疗、工业制造等领域的应用越来越广泛。在激光器的研制、生产及应用过程中,对激光器的功率进行测量和标定是必不可少的步骤。现有技术中,通常采用激光探测器测试连续激光的功率或者脉冲激光在某一段时间的平均功率。At present, lasers are more and more widely used in communication, medical, industrial manufacturing and other fields. In the process of laser development, production and application, measuring and calibrating the power of the laser is an essential step. In the prior art, a laser detector is usually used to test the power of a continuous laser or the average power of a pulsed laser in a certain period of time.
按照测量原理不同,激光探测器主要包括两类:光电型激光探测器和热电型激光探测器。热电型探测器相对于光电型探测器,具有光谱响应平坦以及光谱范围宽等优点,在光电测试、计量等方面具有广泛的应用。According to different measurement principles, laser detectors mainly include two categories: photoelectric laser detectors and pyroelectric laser detectors. Compared with photoelectric detectors, pyroelectric detectors have the advantages of flat spectral response and wide spectral range, and have a wide range of applications in optoelectronic testing and metrology.
热电型探测器(也称热电堆探测器)采用热电堆结构,基于塞贝克效应,把热能转化为电能从而实现激光功率的探测。热电堆探测器利用检测对象的热效应测量相关能量数据。依据能量转换原理,热电堆探测器吸收入射光能量转换为自身热力学能,将光信号转换为电信号,应用单片机和A/D转换器件,采集与输入光脉冲能量成正比的电压信号,通过能量量值校准,完成能量的测量。热电堆探测器具有光谱响应平坦及光谱范围宽的优点,可以适用于多波长或非单色光的测量,也可用于单发脉冲的能量测量。使用热电堆探测器进行脉冲能量测量,在实际应用中由于热量损失、热电偶噪声等因素的影响,热电堆探测器的响应时间较长,需要几秒甚至十几秒才能达到平衡,不能进行快速测量,并且,不能实时输出入射光的真实性能,影响测试效率。Pyroelectric detectors (also known as thermopile detectors) use a thermopile structure and, based on the Seebeck effect, convert thermal energy into electrical energy to detect laser power. Thermopile detectors measure relevant energy data using the thermal effects of the detected object. According to the principle of energy conversion, the thermopile detector absorbs the incident light energy and converts it into its own thermodynamic energy, converts the light signal into an electrical signal, and uses a single-chip microcomputer and an A/D conversion device to collect a voltage signal proportional to the input light pulse energy. Quantity calibration to complete the energy measurement. Thermopile detectors have the advantages of flat spectral response and wide spectral range, and can be applied to the measurement of multi-wavelength or non-monochromatic light, as well as the energy measurement of a single pulse. Using thermopile detectors for pulse energy measurement, in practical applications, due to the influence of heat loss, thermocouple noise and other factors, the response time of thermopile detectors is long, and it takes several seconds or even ten seconds to reach equilibrium, which cannot be performed quickly. In addition, the real performance of the incident light cannot be output in real time, which affects the test efficiency.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明所要解决的首要技术问题在于提供一种用于脉冲能量测量的快速计算方法,适用于热电堆探测器进行脉冲能量测量时使用,响应速度快,准确率高。The primary technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a fast calculation method for pulse energy measurement, which is suitable for use in thermopile detectors for pulse energy measurement, and has fast response speed and high accuracy.
本发明所要解决的另一技术问题在于提供一种用于实现上述快速计算方法的装置。Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a device for implementing the above fast calculation method.
为了实现上述技术目的,本发明采用下述技术方案:In order to realize above-mentioned technical purpose, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
根据本发明实施例的第一方面,提供一种用于脉冲能量测量的快速计算方法,用于热电堆探测器进行脉冲能量测量时使用,包括如下步骤:According to a first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a fast calculation method for pulse energy measurement is provided, which is used when a thermopile detector performs pulse energy measurement, including the following steps:
S1,使用热电堆探测器对光脉冲进行测量,获取电压响应曲线;S1, use a thermopile detector to measure the light pulse to obtain a voltage response curve;
S2,从电压响应曲线中获得起始阈值点(T s ,V s )、最大值点(T m ,V m )和结束阈值点(T e ,V e ),其中,V s 、V m 、V e 分别表示起始阈值电压、最大值电压和结束阈值电压,T s 、T m 、T e 分别表示起始阈值电压对应的时间点、最大值电压对应的时间点和结束阈值电压对应的时间点;将电压响应曲线按照时间点T s 、T m 、T e 分为四个阶段,依次为:0~T s 、T s ~T m 、T m ~T e 、T e ~∞;S2, obtain the starting threshold point ( T s , V s ), the maximum value point ( T m , V m ) and the ending threshold point ( T e , V e ) from the voltage response curve, where V s , V m , V e represents the starting threshold voltage, the maximum voltage and the ending threshold voltage, respectively, T s , T m , and Te represent the time point corresponding to the starting threshold voltage, the time point corresponding to the maximum voltage, and the time corresponding to the ending threshold voltage, respectively point; the voltage response curve is divided into four stages according to the time points T s , T m , and Te , which are: 0 ~ T s , T s ~ T m , T m ~ T e , T e ~∞ ;
S3,根据0~T s 阶段对应曲线的形状,估算0~T s 阶段对应曲线下方的面积S s ;S3, according to the shape of the corresponding curve in the 0~ T s stage, estimate the area S s under the corresponding curve in the 0~ T s stage;
S4,根据实际采样数据,计算出T s ~T m 阶段对应曲线下方的面积S m ;S4, according to the actual sampling data, calculate the area S m under the corresponding curve in the stage T s ~ T m ;
S5,根据实际采样数据,计算出T m ~T e 阶段对应曲线下方的面积S e ;S5, according to the actual sampling data, calculate the area S e under the corresponding curve in the stage T m ~ T e ;
S6,根据T e ~∞阶段对应曲线的形状,估算T e ~∞阶段对应曲线下方的面积S t ;S6, according to the shape of the corresponding curve in the T e ~ ∞ stage, estimate the area S t under the corresponding curve in the T e ~∞ stage;
S7,计算0~∞整个曲线下方的面积S,S=S s +S m +S e +S t ;S7, calculate the area S under the entire curve from 0 to ∞, S=S s +S m +S e +S t ;
S8,计算入射光的光学能量测量值E,E=a×S;其中,a为与标准光源校准的能量校正系数。S8, calculate the optical energy measurement value E of the incident light, E=a×S ; wherein, a is the energy correction coefficient calibrated with the standard light source.
其中较优地,在步骤S2中,设定起始阈值点(T s ,V s ),从电压响应曲线中获得最大值点(T m ,V m ),并根据最大值电压V m 计算出结束阈值电压V e ,进而确定结束阈值点(T e ,V e )。Preferably, in step S2, the initial threshold point ( T s , V s ) is set, the maximum value point ( T m , V m ) is obtained from the voltage response curve, and calculated according to the maximum voltage V m The end threshold voltage Ve , and then the end threshold point ( T e , Ve ) is determined.
其中较优地,所述结束阈值电压V e =0.368V m ,或者,所述结束阈值电压V e =0.5V m 。Preferably, the end threshold voltage Ve =0.368V m , or the end threshold voltage Ve =0.5V m .
其中较优地,在步骤S3中,根据起始阈值点(T s ,V s )和1.2倍起始阈值点(T s1 ,V s1),使用下述公式计算0~T s 时间段内曲线下方面积S s :S s =(V s ×T s1)/0.4,Preferably, in step S3, according to the starting threshold point ( T s , V s ) and 1.2 times the starting threshold point ( T s 1 , V s 1 ), the following formula is used to calculate the time period from 0 to T s Area under the inner curve S s : S s = ( V s ×T s 1 )/0.4,
其中,V s 是起始阈值电压,V s1设为1.2倍的起始阈值电压,T s 是起始阈值电压对应的时间点,记为采集数据的零点,T s1是1.2倍的起始阈值电压对应的时间点。Among them, V s is the starting threshold voltage, V s 1 is set to 1.2 times the starting threshold voltage, T s is the time point corresponding to the starting threshold voltage, recorded as the zero point of the collected data, and T s 1 is 1.2 times the starting threshold voltage. The time point corresponding to the initial threshold voltage.
其中较优地,在步骤S4中,使用下式计算T s ~T m 时间段内曲线下方面积S m :Preferably, in step S4, the following formula is used to calculate the area under the curve S m in the time period from T s to T m :
; ;
其中,f(t i )为采样点对应电压值,Δt为采样时间,采样数n=(T m -T s )/Δt。Among them, f(t i ) is the voltage value corresponding to the sampling point, Δt is the sampling time, and the sampling number n=( T m −T s )/ Δt .
其中较优地,在步骤S5中,使用下式计算T m ~T e 时间段内曲线下方面积S e :Preferably, in step S5, the following formula is used to calculate the area under the curve S e in the time period T m ~ T e :
; ;
其中,y(t i )为采样点对应电压值,Δt为采样时间,采样数w=(T e -T m )/Δt。Among them, y(t i ) is the voltage value corresponding to the sampling point, Δt is the sampling time, and the sampling number w=( T e −T m )/ Δt .
其中较优地,在步骤S6中,T e ~∞时间段曲线下方面积S t 通过下式进行估算:S t =V e ×τ,其中,τ是电压响应曲线中电压值从最大值衰减到最大值的1/e倍时的时间。Preferably, in step S6, the area under the curve of T e ~∞ time period S t is estimated by the following formula: S t =V e ×τ , where τ is the decay of the voltage value in the voltage response curve from the maximum value to Time at 1/ e times the maximum value.
根据本发明实施例的第二方面,提供一种用于脉冲能量测量的快速计算装置,用于实现上述用于脉冲能量测量的快速计算方法,包括控制模块、存储模块、特征点计算模块、面积计算模块和功率计算模块;其中,According to a second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a fast calculation device for pulse energy measurement is provided, which is used to implement the above-mentioned fast calculation method for pulse energy measurement, including a control module, a storage module, a feature point calculation module, an area calculation module and power calculation module; wherein,
所述控制模块用于协调其他模块的工作;The control module is used to coordinate the work of other modules;
所述特征点计算模块,用于从热电堆探测器所测得的电压响应曲线中获得起始阈值点(T s ,V s )、最大值点(T m ,V m )和结束阈值点(T e ,V e );The feature point calculation module is used to obtain the starting threshold point ( T s , V s ), the maximum value point ( T m , V m ) and the ending threshold value point ( Te , Ve ) ;
所述面积计算模块,用于根据实际采样数据计算出T s ~T m 和T m ~T e 阶段对应曲线下方的面积S m 和S e ,并估算出0~T s 和T e ~∞阶段对应曲线下方的面积S s 和S t ,并计算S s 、S m 、S e 和S t 的总和S;The area calculation module is used to calculate the areas S m and S e under the corresponding curves of the T s ~ T m and T m ~ T e stages according to the actual sampling data, and estimate the 0 ~ T s and T e ~ ∞ stages Corresponding to the area under the curve S s and S t , and calculate the sum S of S s , S m , Se and S t ;
所述功率计算模块,用于根据0~∞整个曲线下方的面积S,计算出入射光的光学能量测量值E;The power calculation module is used to calculate the optical energy measurement value E of the incident light according to the area S under the entire curve from 0 to ∞;
所述存储模块用于存储热电堆探测器测得的电压响应曲线以及所述特征点计算模块、所述面积计算模块和所述功率计算模块的所有计算结果。The storage module is used for storing the voltage response curve measured by the thermopile detector and all the calculation results of the feature point calculation module, the area calculation module and the power calculation module.
其中较优地,所述特征点计算模块用于设定起始阈值点(T s ,V s ),并用于从电压响应曲线中获得最大值点(T m ,V m ),并根据最大值电压V m 计算出结束阈值电压V e ,进而确定结束阈值点(T e ,V e )。Preferably, the feature point calculation module is used to set the initial threshold point ( T s , V s ), and to obtain the maximum value point ( T m , V m ) from the voltage response curve, and according to the maximum value The end threshold voltage V e is calculated from the voltage V m , and then the end threshold point ( T e , V e ) is determined.
其中较优地,所述面积计算模块,用于根据起始阈值点(T s ,V s )和1.2倍起始阈值点(T s1 ,V s1),使用下述公式估算0~T s 时间段对应曲线下方的面积S s :Preferably, the area calculation module is used to estimate 0~ T according to the starting threshold point ( T s , V s ) and 1.2 times the starting threshold point ( T s 1 , V s 1 ) using the following formula The time period s corresponds to the area under the curve S s :
S s =(V s ×T s1)/0.4, S s = ( V s ×T s 1 )/0.4,
其中,V s 是起始阈值电压,V s1设为1.2倍的起始阈值电压,T s 是起始阈值电压对应的时间点,记为采集数据的零点,T s1是1.2倍起始阈值电压对应的时间点;Among them, V s is the starting threshold voltage, V s 1 is set to 1.2 times the starting threshold voltage, T s is the time point corresponding to the starting threshold voltage, recorded as the zero point of the collected data, and T s 1 is 1.2 times the starting threshold voltage The time point corresponding to the threshold voltage;
所述面积计算模块,用于使用下式计算T s ~T m 时间段内曲线下方面积S m :The area calculation module is used to calculate the area under the curve S m in the time period from T s to T m using the following formula:
; ;
其中,f(t i )为采样点对应电压值,Δt为采样时间,采样数n=(T m -T s )/Δt;Among them, f(t i ) is the voltage value corresponding to the sampling point, Δt is the sampling time, and the sampling number n=( T m -T s )/ Δt ;
所述面积计算模块,用于使用下式计算T m ~T e 时间段内曲线下方面积S e :The area calculation module is used to calculate the area under the curve S e in the time period T m ~ T e using the following formula:
; ;
其中,y(t i )为采样点对应电压值,Δt为采样时间,采样数w=(T e -T m )/Δt;Among them, y(t i ) is the voltage value corresponding to the sampling point, Δt is the sampling time, and the sampling number w=( T e −T m )/ Δt ;
所述面积计算模块,还用于通过下式对T e ~∞时间段曲线下方面积S t 进行估算:The area calculation module is also used for estimating the area S t under the T e ~∞ time period curve by the following formula:
; ;
其中,τ是电压响应曲线中电压值从最大值衰减到最大值的1/e倍时的时间。where τ is the time for the voltage value in the voltage response curve to decay from the maximum value to 1/ e times the maximum value.
本发明所提供的用于脉冲能量测量的快速计算方法,适用于热电堆探测器进行脉冲能量测量时使用。其中,通过从热电堆探测器测得的电压响应曲线中获得起始阈值点(T s ,V s )、最大值点(T m ,V m )和结束阈值点(T e ,V e ),将电压响应曲线按照时间点T s 、T m 、T e 分为四个阶段,然后根据实际采样数据计算出T s ~T m 和T m ~T e 阶段对应曲线下方的面积S m 和S e ,并估算出0~T s 和T e ~∞阶段对应曲线下方的面积S s 和S t ,最后计算四个阶段对应曲线下方的面积的总和,最终计算出光学能量的测量值。通过上述计算方法,能够提高测试速度,快速测量入射信号的变化,能够快速计算出入射光的能量值,测量相对偏差小,满足了实际应用中对检测对象实现高精度、快速响应的需求。The fast calculation method for pulse energy measurement provided by the present invention is suitable for use when a thermopile detector performs pulse energy measurement. Among them, by obtaining the starting threshold point ( T s , V s ), the maximum value point ( T m , V m ) and the ending threshold point ( T e , V e ) from the voltage response curve measured by the thermopile detector, The voltage response curve is divided into four stages according to the time points T s , T m , and Te , and then the areas S m and S e under the corresponding curves of the stages T s ~ T m and T m ~ Te are calculated according to the actual sampling data . , and estimate the areas S s and S t under the curves corresponding to the 0~ T s and Te ~∞ stages , and finally calculate the sum of the areas under the curves corresponding to the four stages, and finally calculate the measured value of the optical energy. Through the above calculation method, the test speed can be improved, the change of the incident signal can be quickly measured, the energy value of the incident light can be quickly calculated, and the relative deviation of the measurement can be small, which meets the needs of high precision and fast response to the detection object in practical applications.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明所提供的用于脉冲能量测量的快速计算方法的流程图;Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the fast calculation method for pulse energy measurement provided by the present invention;
图2是使用热电堆探测器进行脉冲能量测量时获得的电压响应曲线示意;Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a voltage response curve obtained when a thermopile detector is used for pulse energy measurement;
图3是基于第一种计算方式获得的结束阈值点划分的电压响应曲线示意;3 is a schematic diagram of a voltage response curve divided by an end threshold point obtained based on the first calculation method;
图4是基于第二种计算方法获得的结束阈值点划分的电压响应曲线示意;4 is a schematic diagram of a voltage response curve divided by an end threshold point obtained based on the second calculation method;
图5是热电堆探测器进行脉冲能量测量获得的真实电压响应曲线示例;Figure 5 is an example of a real voltage response curve obtained by a thermopile detector for pulse energy measurement;
图6是本发明所提供的用于脉冲能量测量的快速计算装置的模块框图示意。FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of a module of a fast computing device for pulse energy measurement provided by the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体的实施例对本发明的技术方案进行进一步地详细描述。The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
针对热电堆探测器进行能量测量时响应速度慢且检测精度难以保证的缺陷,提出了一种高效快速且准确率高的计算方法。该算法能够提高测试速度,快速测量入射信号的变化,能够快速计算出入射光的能量值,测量相对偏差小,满足了实际应用中对检测对象实现高精度、快速响应的需求。Aiming at the defects of slow response speed and difficult to guarantee detection accuracy of thermopile detectors for energy measurement, an efficient, fast and accurate calculation method is proposed. The algorithm can improve the test speed, quickly measure the change of the incident signal, and quickly calculate the energy value of the incident light.
如图1所示,本发明公开的用于脉冲能量测量的快速计算方法,用于热电堆探测器进行脉冲能量测量时使用,包括如下步骤:As shown in FIG. 1 , the fast calculation method for pulse energy measurement disclosed in the present invention, which is used when a thermopile detector performs pulse energy measurement, includes the following steps:
S1,使用热电堆探测器对光脉冲进行测量,获取电压响应曲线;S1, use a thermopile detector to measure the light pulse to obtain a voltage response curve;
S2,从电压响应曲线中获得起始阈值点(T s ,V s )、最大值点(T m ,V m )和结束阈值点(T e ,V e ),其中,V s 、V m 、V e 分别表示起始阈值电压、最大值电压和结束阈值电压,T s 、T m 、T e 分别表示起始阈值电压对应的时间点、最大值电压对应的时间点和结束阈值电压对应的时间点;将电压响应曲线按照时间点T s 、T m 、T e 分为四个阶段,依次为:0~T s 、T s ~T m 、T m ~T e 、T e ~∞;S2, obtain the starting threshold point ( T s , V s ), the maximum value point ( T m , V m ) and the ending threshold point ( T e , V e ) from the voltage response curve, where V s , V m , V e represents the starting threshold voltage, the maximum voltage and the ending threshold voltage, respectively, T s , T m , and Te represent the time point corresponding to the starting threshold voltage, the time point corresponding to the maximum voltage, and the time corresponding to the ending threshold voltage, respectively point; the voltage response curve is divided into four stages according to the time points T s , T m , and Te , which are: 0 ~ T s , T s ~ T m , T m ~ T e , T e ~∞ ;
S3,根据0~T s 阶段对应曲线的形状,估算0~T s 阶段对应曲线下方的面积S s ;S3, according to the shape of the corresponding curve in the 0~ T s stage, estimate the area S s under the corresponding curve in the 0~ T s stage;
S4,根据实际采样数据,计算出T s ~T m 阶段对应曲线下方的面积S m ;S4, according to the actual sampling data, calculate the area S m under the corresponding curve in the stage T s ~ T m ;
S5,根据实际采样数据,计算出T m ~T e 阶段对应曲线下方的面积S e ;S5, according to the actual sampling data, calculate the area S e under the corresponding curve in the stage T m ~ T e ;
S6,根据T e ~∞阶段对应曲线的形状,估算T e ~∞阶段对应曲线下方的面积S t ;S6, according to the shape of the corresponding curve in the T e ~ ∞ stage, estimate the area S t under the corresponding curve in the T e ~∞ stage;
S7,计算0~∞整个曲线下方的面积S,S=S s +S m +S e +S t ; (1)S7, calculate the area S under the entire curve from 0 to ∞, S=S s +S m +S e +S t ; (1)
S8,计算入射光的光学能量测量值E,E=a×S;其中,a为与标准光源校准的能量校正系数。S8, calculate the optical energy measurement value E of the incident light, E=a×S ; wherein, a is the energy correction coefficient calibrated with the standard light source.
其中,在步骤S2中,为了简化后续步骤的计算,设定起始阈值点(T s ,V s ),然后从电压响应曲线中获得最大值点(T m ,V m ),并根据最大值电压V m 计算出结束阈值电压V e ,进而确定结束阈值点(T e ,V e )。根据不同的计算方式对T m ~T e 阶段的拟合函数进行处理,可以推断出,将结束阈值电压设置为V e =0.368V m ,或者,将结束阈值电压设置为V e =0.5V m ,可以在保证计算精度的同时快速获得T e ~∞下降曲线下方的面积。Among them, in step S2, in order to simplify the calculation of the subsequent steps, the initial threshold point ( T s , V s ) is set, and then the maximum value point ( T m , V m ) is obtained from the voltage response curve, and according to the maximum value The end threshold voltage V e is calculated from the voltage V m , and then the end threshold point ( T e , V e ) is determined. According to different calculation methods, the fitting function of the stage T m ~ T e is processed, it can be inferred that the end threshold voltage is set to V e =0.368V m , or the end threshold voltage is set to V e =0.5V m , the area under the descending curve of T e ~∞ can be quickly obtained while ensuring the calculation accuracy.
在步骤S3中,根据起始阈值点(T s ,V s )和1.2倍起始阈值点(T s1 ,V s1),使用公式(2)估算0~T s 阶段对应曲线下方的面积S s :In step S3, according to the starting threshold point ( T s , V s ) and 1.2 times the starting threshold point ( T s 1 , V s 1 ), use formula (2) to estimate the area under the corresponding curve in the 0~ T s stage S s :
S s =(V s ×T s1)/0.4, (2) S s = ( V s ×T s 1 )/0.4, (2)
其中,V s 是起始阈值电压,V s1设为1.2倍的起始阈值电压,T s 是起始阈值电压对应的时间点,记为采集数据的零点,T s1是1.2倍起始阈值电压对应的时间点。Among them, V s is the starting threshold voltage, V s 1 is set to 1.2 times the starting threshold voltage, T s is the time point corresponding to the starting threshold voltage, recorded as the zero point of the collected data, and T s 1 is 1.2 times the starting threshold voltage The time point corresponding to the threshold voltage.
在步骤S4中,使用下式计算T s ~T m 时间段内曲线下方面积S m :In step S4, the area under the curve S m in the time period T s ~ T m is calculated using the following formula:
; (3) ; (3)
其中f(t i )为采样点对应电压值,Δt为采样时间,采样数n=(T m -T s )/Δt。Where f(t i ) is the voltage value corresponding to the sampling point, Δt is the sampling time, and the sampling number n=( T m -T s )/ Δt .
在步骤S5中,使用下式计算T m ~T e 时间段内曲线下方面积S e :In step S5, the area under the curve S e in the time period T m ~ T e is calculated using the following formula:
; (4) ; (4)
其中y(t i )为T m ~T e 采样点对应电压值,Δt为采样时间,采样数w=(T e -T m )/Δt。Among them, y(t i ) is the voltage value corresponding to the sampling point T m ~ T e , Δt is the sampling time, and the sampling number w=( T e -T m )/ Δt .
在步骤S6中,通过下式对T e ~∞时间段曲线下方面积S t 进行估算:In step S6, the area under the curve T e ~∞ time period S t is estimated by the following formula:
(5) (5)
其中,τ是电压响应曲线中电压值从最大值衰减到最大值的1/e倍时的时间。where τ is the time for the voltage value in the voltage response curve to decay from the maximum value to 1/ e times the maximum value.
具体来说,假定被测激光脉冲脉宽远小于热电堆的热响应周期,建立热电堆的温差模型;依据热电堆的塞贝克效应,感应电动势和温差成正比关系,推算感应电动势V t 。Specifically, assuming that the pulse width of the measured laser pulse is much smaller than the thermal response period of the thermopile, the temperature difference model of the thermopile is established; according to the Seebeck effect of the thermopile, the induced electromotive force is proportional to the temperature difference, and the induced electromotive force V t is calculated.
依据理论与实际数据采集,如图2所示,热电堆的电压响应曲线先快速陡峭上升到最大值V m (时间点记录为T m ),然后再按照指数函数曲线缓慢下降,由于拖尾时间很长,在有限的时间内无法探测到终点,通过合理计算,可通过设定结束阈值电压V e 来确定结束阈值电压对应的时间点T e ,并将结束阈值点(T e ,V e )作为记录的终点;另外,因为是被动探测,热电堆事先并不知道探测的时间起始点T s ,此时通过设定固定的起始阈值电压V s 所对应的时间点T s 作为记录零点,将起始阈值点(T s ,V s )作为记录的起点开始记录电压和时间数据;从而,在起始零点和终点都不可获取的情况下,设置起始阈值电压对应的时间点T s 与结束阈值电压对应的时间点T e 作为分段计算时间点,然后分别计算起始阈值点和结束阈值点之间的曲线下方的面积,并估算起始阈值点之前和结束阈值点之后的曲线下方的面积,可以快速计算和测量脉冲的功率。According to the theoretical and practical data collection, as shown in Figure 2, the voltage response curve of the thermopile first rises rapidly and steeply to the maximum value V m (the time point is recorded as T m ), and then slowly decreases according to the exponential function curve. It is very long, and the end point cannot be detected in a limited time. Through reasonable calculation, the time point Te corresponding to the end threshold voltage can be determined by setting the end threshold voltage Ve , and the end threshold point ( T e , Ve ) As the end point of the recording; in addition, because it is a passive detection, the thermopile does not know the time starting point T s of the detection in advance. At this time, by setting the time point T s corresponding to the fixed starting threshold voltage V s as the recording zero point, Take the starting threshold point ( T s , V s ) as the starting point of the recording to start recording the voltage and time data; thus, in the case that the starting zero point and the end point are not available, set the time point T s corresponding to the starting threshold voltage and the The time point T e corresponding to the end threshold voltage is used as the time point for segment calculation, and then the area under the curve between the start threshold point and the end threshold point is calculated respectively, and the area under the curve before the start threshold point and after the end threshold point is estimated. area, the power of the pulse can be quickly calculated and measured.
由于能量值与曲线面积成正比,所以通过准确计算0~∞整个曲线下方的面积可推导出相应能量值。Since the energy value is proportional to the area of the curve, the corresponding energy value can be derived by accurately calculating the area under the entire curve from 0 to ∞.
如图2所示,已知时间点T s 、T m 、T e ,对应电压值分别为V s 、V m 、V e ;为了计算0~∞整个曲线下方的面积,本方法将电压响应曲线按时间点划分为四个阶段,依次为:0~T s 、T s ~T m 、T m ~T e 、T e ~∞;其中T s ~T m 和T m ~T e 时间段可通过采样数据计算面积;0~T s 与T e ~∞时间段均为不可测量时间段,但该时间段所产生的面积属于能量响应过程,若不计入则会产生较大测量误差,在此算法中通过估算0~T s 与T e ~∞时间段内面积以达到消除误差的目的。As shown in Figure 2, the time points T s , T m , and Te are known, and the corresponding voltage values are V s , V m , and V e respectively ; in order to calculate the area under the entire curve from 0 to ∞, this method uses the voltage response curve It is divided into four stages according to time points, which are: 0~ T s , T s ~ T m , T m ~ T e , T e ~∞ ; the time periods T s ~ T m and T m ~ T e can be passed through The area is calculated from the sampled data; the time periods 0~ T s and T e ~∞ are both unmeasurable time periods, but the area generated by this time period belongs to the energy response process. If it is not included, a large measurement error will occur. In the algorithm, the area between 0~ T s and T e ~∞ time period is estimated to eliminate the error.
换句话说,电压响应曲线下方的面积由S s 、S m 、S e 、S t 四部分组成。其中,T s ~T m 和T m ~T e 全部时间段的V(t)都可以通过控制系统捕捉记录下来;此算法核心是通过T s ~T e 全部时间段的V(t)记录,计算面积S m 和S e ,并估算出面积S s 和S t ,然后计算四个面积的总和,得到整个曲线从0~∞下方的面积,此面积通过和标准光源进行一定的线性系数校正,即可得到光学能量的测量值。In other words, the area under the voltage response curve consists of four parts S s , S m , Se and S t . Among them, V(t) of all time periods from T s to T m and T m to Te can be captured and recorded by the control system; the core of this algorithm is to record V(t) of all time periods from T s to T e , Calculate the areas S m and S e , and estimate the areas S s and S t , and then calculate the sum of the four areas to obtain the area below the entire curve from 0 to ∞. This area is corrected by a certain linear coefficient with the standard light source, A measurement of the optical energy is obtained.
下面对具体的计算过程进行介绍。The specific calculation process is described below.
1. 估算上升曲线中0~T s 时间段曲线函数1. Estimate the curve function of the 0~ T s time period in the rising curve
要想得到0~T s 的面积,首先需要得到上升曲线的函数。To get the area from 0 to T s , you first need to get the function of the rising curve.
在上升曲线0~T s 时间段中,起始阈值点(T s ,V s )前的0~T s 时间段数据无法由控制系统采集得到。因为热电堆的电压响应曲线先快速地陡峭上升,因此可以将起始阈值电压V s 设为一个较低的电压(例如,V s 取5mV),此时0~T s 时间段曲线下方的面积可以估算为一个小的三角形面积。在此曲线上取两点,计算函数系数。采用起始阈值点(T s ,V s )和1.2倍起始阈值点(T s1 ,V s1),V s1=1.2×V s ,计算出0~T s 时间段线性函数的系数,从而估算出0~T s 时间段的曲线下方的面积。V s 的选择应考虑热电堆探测器的探测精度,同时应避免其他因素的干扰。V s 越小精度会越高,但V s 太小会有干扰因素存在。In the 0~ T s time period of the rising curve, the data in the 0~ T s time period before the starting threshold point ( T s , V s ) cannot be collected by the control system. Because the voltage response curve of the thermopile rises rapidly and steeply first, the initial threshold voltage V s can be set to a lower voltage (for example, V s is 5mV), and the area under the curve in the 0~ T s time period is It can be estimated as the area of a small triangle. Take two points on this curve and calculate the function coefficients. Using the starting threshold point ( T s , V s ) and 1.2 times the starting threshold point ( T s 1 , V s 1 ), V s 1 =1.2× V s , calculate the coefficient of the linear function in the time period of 0~ T s , thereby estimating the area under the curve for the time period 0~ T s . The choice of V s should consider the detection accuracy of the thermopile detector, and at the same time should avoid the interference of other factors. The smaller the V s is, the higher the accuracy will be, but if the V s is too small, there will be interference factors.
0~T s 时间段曲线估算为符合公式:V t =k×t; (6)The 0~ T s time period curve is estimated to conform to the formula: V t = k × t ; (6)
其中,t是时间,V t 是时间t的实时输出电压,k是比例函数的系数;计算此线性函数的比例系数,方法如下:where t is the time, V t is the real-time output voltage at time t , and k is the coefficient of the proportional function; the proportional coefficient of this linear function is calculated as follows:
; (7) ; (7)
其中,V s 是起始阈值电压,V s1设为1.2倍的起始阈值电压,T s 是起始阈值电压对应的时间点,记为采集数据的零点,T s1是1.2倍起始阈值电压对应的时间点。Among them, V s is the starting threshold voltage, V s 1 is set to 1.2 times the starting threshold voltage, T s is the time point corresponding to the starting threshold voltage, recorded as the zero point of the collected data, and T s 1 is 1.2 times the starting threshold voltage The time point corresponding to the threshold voltage.
所以上升曲线比例函数为:。 (8) So the rising curve proportional function is: . (8)
2. 求算上升曲线0~T m 下方的面积;2. Calculate the area under the rising curve 0~ T m ;
上升段曲线面积分为两部分,分别是0~T s 时间段曲线下方面积S s 和T s ~T m 时间段曲线下方面积S m ;0~T s 时间段曲线下方面积通过比例函数进行估算求解,T s ~T m 时间段曲线下面积通过采样数据计算。The area under the curve of the ascending segment is divided into two parts, namely the area under the curve of the 0~ T s time period S s and the area under the curve of the T s ~ T m time period S m ; the area under the curve of the 0~ T s time period is estimated by the proportional function To solve, the area under the curve in the time period T s ~ T m is calculated from the sampled data.
第一步,估算0~T s 时间段曲线下方面积,该时间段曲线符合线性函数,面积如下:The first step is to estimate the area under the curve of the 0~ T s time period. The curve of this time period conforms to a linear function, and the area is as follows:
S s= V s ×ΔT s /2 (9) S s = V s × ΔT s /2 (9)
其中,ΔT s 为曲线实际起始点到起始阈值点的时间差,ΔT s= V s /k,k=0.2×V s /T s1,Among them, ΔT s is the time difference from the actual starting point of the curve to the starting threshold point, ΔT s= V s /k , k=0.2×V s /T s 1 ,
所以,。 (10) so, . (10)
第二步,T s ~T m 时间段曲线下方面积S m 通过采样数据进行加和计算;In the second step, the area under the curve S m in the time period T s ~ T m is calculated by summing the sampled data;
已知上升曲线函数f(t)在区间[T s ,T m ]上连续,将区间[T s ,T m ]分成n个子区间[T 0 , T 1]、[T 1 ,T 2]、[T 2 ,T 3]、…… [T n-1,T n],其中T 0=T s ,T n =T m ;It is known that the rising curve function f(t) is continuous on the interval [ T s , T m ], and the interval [ T s , T m ] is divided into n sub-intervals [ T 0 , T 1 ], [ T 1 , T 2 ], [ T 2 , T 3 ], ... [ T n-1 , T n ], where T 0 = T s , T n = T m ;
采样过程保持各区间的长度相同,均为Δt,求得这段时间内采样数n=(T m -T s )/Δt; (11)During the sampling process, the length of each interval is kept the same, which is Δt , and the sampling number n=( T m -T s )/ Δt during this period is obtained; (11)
对T s ~T m 时间段曲线采样数据做和,求出该时间段内曲线面积S m :Sum the curve sampling data in the time period T s ~ T m to obtain the curve area S m in this time period:
; (12) ; (12)
其中,f(t i )为T s ~T m 时间段采样点对应电压值,Δt为采样时间,采样数n=(T m - T s )/Δt。Δt越小,计算精度越高。Among them, f(t i ) is the voltage value corresponding to the sampling point in the time period from T s to T m , Δt is the sampling time, and the number of samples n=( T m - T s )/ Δt . The smaller the Δt , the higher the calculation accuracy.
3. 求算下降曲线函数。3. Find the descending curve function.
第一步,采集T m ~T e 时间段电压V m ~V e ,求证下降曲线函数。热电堆探测器输出电压 的下降曲线符合负指数函数形式: 。 The first step is to collect the voltage V m ~ V e in the time period T m ~ T e to verify the descending curve function. The falling curve of the output voltage of the thermopile detector is in the form of a negative exponential function: .
其中,t是时间;V t 是时间t的实时输出电压;a是指数函数的系数;τ是时间常数,是热电堆探测器的固有参数,指该物理量从最大值衰减到最大值的1/e倍(约0.368倍)时所需要的时间。Among them, t is time; V t is the real-time output voltage at time t ; a is the coefficient of the exponential function; τ is the time constant, which is the inherent parameter of the thermopile detector, which means that the physical quantity decays from the maximum value to the maximum value of 1/ The time required for e times (about 0.368 times).
推算此指数函数系数a及时间常数τ,有以下两种方法:There are two methods to calculate the exponential function coefficient a and the time constant τ :
方法一,将结束阈值电压V e 设为0.368V m ,此时,电压响应曲线被划分为如图3所示的四个阶段。In the first method, the end threshold voltage Ve is set to 0.368V m , and at this time, the voltage response curve is divided into four stages as shown in FIG. 3 .
根据指数函数的性质,不论指数函数y=a x (a>0且)中的a取任何值,函数都过 某个具体的点。y=e x 过(0,1)点,过(0,a)点,对于热电堆探测器输出电压的下 降曲线,t 0对应的输出电压为V m ,得到下降曲线指数函数的系数a=V m 。τ是电压值从最大值衰 减到最大值的1/e倍时的时间,此时的输出电压V τ =0.368V m ,因此,实时输出电压的数据采 集,只需采集到最大值V m 的0.368倍,所以将结束阈值电压设置为V e =0.368V m ,就可得到时间 常数τ=T e ,从而得到下降曲线的指数函数。 (13) According to the properties of the exponential function, regardless of the exponential function y=a x ( a > 0 and ) in any value of a , the function passes through a specific point. y=e x passes (0,1) point, Passing the (0, a ) point, for the falling curve of the output voltage of the thermopile detector, the output voltage corresponding to t 0 is V m , and the coefficient a=V m of the exponential function of the falling curve is obtained. τ is the time when the voltage value decays from the maximum value to 1/ e times the maximum value. The output voltage at this time is V τ =0.368V m . Therefore, for real-time output voltage data acquisition, it is only necessary to collect the maximum value of V m . 0.368 times, so the end threshold voltage is set to V e =0.368V m , the time constant τ = T e can be obtained, and the exponential function of the falling curve can be obtained . (13)
因此,此方法是将结束阈值电压V e 设置为V e =0.368V m ,通过控制系统的数据采集,记录T m ~T e 时间段的电压、时间数据,得到T e ,即得到时间常数τ。Therefore, this method is to set the end threshold voltage V e to V e =0.368V m , and record the voltage and time data in the time period T m ~ T e through the data acquisition of the control system to obtain T e , that is, to obtain the time constant τ .
方法二,采用最小二乘法拟合曲线,此时,将结束阈值电压V e 设置为0.5V m 。In the second method, the least squares method is used to fit the curve, and at this time, the end threshold voltage Ve is set to 0.5V m .
最小二乘法是一种数学优化算法。它通过最小化误差的平方和寻找数据的最佳函数匹配。利用最小二乘法可以通过样本求得未知的数据,并使得这些求得的数据与实际数据之间误差的平方和为最小。Least squares is a mathematical optimization algorithm. It finds the best functional match for the data by minimizing the sum of squared errors. Using the least squares method, the unknown data can be obtained through samples, and the sum of squares of the errors between the obtained data and the actual data can be minimized.
热电堆探测器输出电压的下降曲线符合负指数函数形式: ,令系数b =1/τ,x=t,y=V t ,则得到函数。对函数两边取对数,得到lny=lna-bx,令,a 0 =lna,a 1 =-b,就得到线性模型。通过控制系统采集到的V m ~V e 标本数 据,利用最小二乘法,可以解得a 0、a 1。由a 0 =lna,得到;由a 1 =-b,得到b=-a 1;从而得到 拟合函数。 The falling curve of the output voltage of the thermopile detector is in the form of a negative exponential function: , let the coefficient b =1/ τ , x=t , y= V t , then the function . pair function Take the logarithm of both sides to get ln y =ln a - bx , let, a 0 =lna , a 1 =-b , then a linear model is obtained . A 0 and a 1 can be obtained by using the least squares method from the V m ~ V e specimen data collected by the control system. From a 0 =lna , we get ; From a 1 =-b , get b=-a 1 ; thus get the fitting function .
采用最小二乘法,可以将结束阈值电压V e 设置到0.5V m ,控制系统只需采集并记录V m ~0.5V m 范围内的电压和时间数据,就可以拟合出下降曲线的指数函数,将方法一中的结束阈值点用(T τ ,V τ )表示,此时,电压响应曲线被划分为如图4所示的四个阶段。从图4可知,相较于方法一,将结束阈值V e 设置到0.5V m 提高了测试速度。Using the least squares method, the end threshold voltage V e can be set to 0.5V m , and the control system only needs to collect and record the voltage and time data in the range of V m ~ 0.5V m , and then the exponential function of the falling curve can be fitted, The end threshold point in method 1 is represented by ( T τ , V τ ). At this time, the voltage response curve is divided into four stages as shown in FIG. 4 . It can be seen from Fig. 4 that, compared with method 1 , setting the end threshold Ve to 0.5V m improves the test speed.
4. 计算下降曲线下T m ~∞的面积4. Calculate the area of T m ~∞ under the descending curve
下降段曲线面积分为两部分,分别是T m ~T e 时间段曲线下方面积S e 和T e ~∞时间段曲线下方面积S t ;T m ~T e 时间段曲线下方面积通过采样数据进行求和计算,T e ~∞时间段曲线下方面积通过拟合函数进行积分估算。The area of the curve in the descending segment is divided into two parts, namely, the area under the curve of the time period T m ~ T e , Se and the area under the curve of the time period T e ~ ∞ , S t ; the area under the curve of the time period T m ~ T e is determined by sampling data. The summation is calculated, and the area under the curve of the T e ~∞ time period is estimated by integrating the fitting function.
第一步,T m ~T e 时间段曲线下方面积通过采样数据进行求和计算;In the first step, the area under the curve in the time period T m ~ T e is calculated by summing the sampled data;
已知下降曲线函数y(t)在区间[T m ,T e ]上连续,将区间[T m ,T e ]分成w个子区间[T 0 , T 1]、[T 1 ,T 2]、[T 2 ,T 3]、…… [T w-1,T w],其中T 0=T m ,T w=T e ;It is known that the descending curve function y(t) is continuous on the interval [ T m , T e ], and the interval [ T m , T e ] is divided into w sub-intervals [ T 0 , T 1 ], [ T 1 , T 2 ], [ T 2 , T 3 ], ... [ Tw - 1 , Tw ], where T 0 = T m , Tw = T e ;
采样过程保持各区间的长度相同,均为Δt,求得这段时间内采样数w=(T e -T m )/Δt; (14)During the sampling process, the length of each interval is kept the same, which is Δt , and the sampling number w = ( T e -T m )/ Δt during this period is obtained; (14)
对T m ~T e 时间段曲线采样数据做和,求出该时间段内曲线面积S e :Sum up the curve sampling data in the time period T m ~ T e to obtain the curve area S e in this time period:
; (15) ; (15)
其中,y(t i )为T m ~T e 时间段采样点对应电压值,Δt为采样时间,采样数w=(T e - T m )/Δt。Among them, y(t i ) is the voltage value corresponding to the sampling point in the time period T m ~ T e , Δt is the sampling time, and the sampling number w=( T e - T m )/ Δt .
第二步,T e ~∞时间段曲线下面积S t 通过拟合函数进行积分估算;In the second step, the area under the curve S t in the time period T e ~∞ is estimated by integrating the fitting function;
T e ~∞时间段曲线下面积S t 积分公式如下:; (16) The integral formula of the area under the curve of the T e ~∞ time period S t is as follows: ; (16)
其中S t 为面积,T e =0,a=V e ,b=1/τ;where S t is the area , T e =0 , a = V e , b =1/ τ ;
(17) (17)
下面对同一电压响应曲线,通过设置不同的结束阈值电压计算T m ~∞下方的面积,对两种计算方式的计算误差进行比较。For the same voltage response curve, the area under T m ~ ∞ is calculated by setting different end threshold voltages, and the calculation errors of the two calculation methods are compared.
以图5所示的波形曲线为例,其中,电压最大值V m =1.072(V),使电压最大值对应的时刻T m =0,然后进行计算,得到下降过程的曲线公式为:y=1.072e-1.2576x,τ=1/1.2576。Take the waveform shown in Figure 5 as an example, where the maximum voltage V m =1.072(V), the time T m corresponding to the maximum voltage is set to 0, and then the calculation is performed to obtain the curve formula of the falling process: y= 1.072e -1.2576x , τ = 1/1.2576.
1)利用方法1,取V e =0.368V m =0.3945(V),对应时刻T e =0.785(s),积分计算T m ~T e 时间段曲线下方的面积,得到积分值:0.5334,计算T e ~∞时间段曲线下方的面积:S t =0.3945÷1.2576=0.3137。两段面积加和得到下降曲线面积为:0.8471(J)。1) Using method 1, take V e =0.368V m =0.3945(V), corresponding to time T e =0.785(s), calculate the area under the curve in the time period T m ~ T e , and obtain the integral value: 0.5334, calculate The area under the curve for the time period T e ~∞ : S t =0.3945÷1.2576=0.3137. The area of the descending curve is obtained by summing the areas of the two sections: 0.8471(J).
2)利用方法2,取V e =0.5V m =0.536(V),对应时刻T e =0.54(s),积分计算T m ~T e 的面积,得到积分值:0.42107,计算T e ~∞的面积:S t =0.536÷1.2576=0.426201。两段面积加和得到下降曲线面积为:0.847271(J)。2) Using method 2, take V e =0.5V m =0.536(V), corresponding to time T e =0.54(s), calculate the area of T m ~ T e integrally, get the integral value: 0.42107, calculate T e ~∞ The area of : S t =0.536÷1.2576=0.426201. The area of the descending curve is obtained by summing the areas of the two sections: 0.847271(J).
两种计算方式的误差约为:0.02%。由此可见,两种计算方式对计算结果造成的误差很小,而以第二种方式确定结束阈值点可以更快测出光学能量的测量值。The error of the two calculation methods is about: 0.02%. It can be seen that the error caused by the two calculation methods to the calculation results is very small, and the measurement value of the optical energy can be measured faster by determining the end threshold point in the second method.
5. 计算0~∞整个曲线下方的面积;5. Calculate the area under the entire curve from 0 to ∞;
0~∞整个曲线下方的面积为四段面积的加和:S=S s +S m +S e +S t 。此面积通过和标准光源进行一定的线性系数校正,即可得到光学能量的测量值。入射光的光学能量测量值为:E=a×S;其中,a为与标准光源校准的能量校正系数。The area under the entire curve from 0 to ∞ is the sum of the areas of the four segments: S=S s +S m +S e +S t . This area is corrected by a certain linear coefficient with the standard light source, and the measured value of the optical energy can be obtained. The optical energy measurement value of the incident light is: E=a×S ; where a is the energy correction coefficient calibrated with the standard light source.
如图6所示,本发明同时提供了用于脉冲能量测量的快速计算装置,用于实现上述用于脉冲能量测量的快速计算方法,包括控制模块101、存储模块102、特征点计算模块103、面积计算模块104和功率计算模块105;其中,As shown in FIG. 6 , the present invention also provides a fast calculation device for pulse energy measurement, which is used to implement the above-mentioned fast calculation method for pulse energy measurement, including a
控制模块101用于协调其他模块的工作;The
特征点计算模块103,用于从热电堆探测器所测得的电压响应曲线中获得起始阈值点(T s ,V s )、最大值点(T m ,V m )和结束阈值点(T e ,V e );The feature
面积计算模块104,用于根据实际采样数据计算出T s ~T m 和T m ~T e 阶段对应曲线下方的面积S m 和S e ,并估算出0~T s 和T e ~∞阶段对应曲线下方的面积S s 和S t ,并计算S s 、S m 、S e 和S t 的总和S;The
功率计算模块105,用于根据0~∞整个曲线下方的面积S,计算出入射光的光学能量测量值E;The
存储模块102用于存储热电堆探测器测得的电压响应曲线以及特征点计算模块103、面积计算模块104和功率计算模块105的所有计算结果。The
具体来说,特征点计算模块103用于设定起始阈值点(T s ,V s ),并用于从电压响应曲线中获得最大值点(T m ,V m ),并根据最大值电压V m 计算出结束阈值电压V e ,进而确定结束阈值点(T e ,V e )。优选地,特征点计算模块103用于根据下式计算结束阈值电压V e ,V e =0.368V m ,或者,V e =0.5V m 。Specifically, the feature
面积计算模块104,用于根据起始阈值点(T s ,V s )和1.2倍起始阈值点(T s1 ,V s1),使用公式(2)估算0~T s 阶段对应曲线下方的面积S s :The
S s =(V s ×T s1)/0.4, (2) S s = ( V s ×T s 1 ) / 0.4, (2)
其中,V s 是起始阈值电压,V s1设为1.2倍的起始阈值电压,T s 起始阈值电压对应的时间点,记为采集数据的零点,T s1是1.2倍起始阈值电压对应的时间点。Among them, V s is the starting threshold voltage, V s 1 is set to 1.2 times the starting threshold voltage, the time point corresponding to the starting threshold voltage of T s is recorded as the zero point of the collected data, and T s 1 is 1.2 times the starting threshold value. The time point corresponding to the voltage.
面积计算模块104,用于使用下式计算T s ~T m 时间段内曲线下方面积S m :The
; (3) ; (3)
其中f(t i )为T s ~T m 采样点对应电压值,Δt为采样时间,采样数n=(T m -T s )/Δt。Where f(t i ) is the voltage value corresponding to the sampling point T s ~ T m , Δt is the sampling time, and the sampling number n=( T m -T s )/ Δt .
面积计算模块104,用于使用下式计算T m ~T e 时间段内曲线下方面积S e :The
; (4) ; (4)
其中y(t i )为T m ~T e 采样点对应电压值,Δt为采样时间,采样数w=(T e -T m )/Δt。Among them, y(t i ) is the voltage value corresponding to the sampling point T m ~ T e , Δt is the sampling time, and the sampling number w=( T e -T m )/ Δt .
面积计算模块104,用于通过下式对T e ~∞时间段曲线下方面积S t 进行估算:The
; (5) ; (5)
其中,τ是电压响应曲线中电压值从最大值衰减到最大值的1/e倍时的时间。where τ is the time for the voltage value in the voltage response curve to decay from the maximum value to 1/ e times the maximum value.
面积计算模块104还用于计算0~∞整个曲线下方的面积S:S=S s +S m +S e +S t 。 (1)The
功率计算模块105,用于根据下式计算出入射光的光学能量测量值E,E=a×S;其中,a为与标准光源校准的能量校正系数。The
综上所述,本发明所提供的用于脉冲能量测量的快速计算方法,通过从探测器测得的电压响应曲线中获得起始阈值点(T s ,V s )、最大值点(T m ,V m )、结束阈值点(T e ,V e ),将电压响应曲线按照时间点T s 、T m 、T e 分为四个阶段,依次为:0~T s 、T s ~T m 、T m ~T e 、T e ~∞,然后根据实际采样数据计算出T s ~T m 和T m ~T e 阶段对应曲线下方的面积S m 和S e ,并根据电压响应曲线的曲线形状特点估算出0~T s 和T e ~∞阶段对应曲线下方的面积S s 和S t ,最后计算四个阶段对应曲线下方的面积的总和,最终计算出光学能量的测量值。通过上述计算方法,可以快速计算出光学能量的测量值,能够提高测试速度,快速测量入射信号的变化,能够快速计算出入射光的能量值,测量相对偏差小,满足了实际应用中对检测对象实现高精度、快速响应的需求。To sum up, the fast calculation method for pulse energy measurement provided by the present invention obtains the initial threshold point ( T s , V s ), the maximum value point ( T m ) from the voltage response curve measured by the detector , V m ), the end threshold point ( T e , V e ), the voltage response curve is divided into four stages according to the time points T s , T m , and T e , in order: 0 ~ T s , T s ~ T m , T m ~ T e , T e ~∞ , and then calculate the areas S m and Se under the corresponding curves of T s ~ T m and T m ~ Te stages according to the actual sampling data , and according to the curve shape of the voltage response curve Features The area under the curve S s and S t corresponding to the 0~ T s and Te ~∞ stages is estimated, and the sum of the areas under the curve corresponding to the four stages is finally calculated, and the measurement value of the optical energy is finally calculated. Through the above calculation method, the measurement value of the optical energy can be quickly calculated, the test speed can be improved, the change of the incident signal can be quickly measured, the energy value of the incident light can be quickly calculated, and the relative deviation of the measurement is small, which satisfies the realization of the detection object in practical applications. High precision and fast response requirements.
以上对本发明所提供的用于脉冲能量测量的快速计算方法及装置进行了详细的说明。对本领域的一般技术人员而言,在不背离本发明实质精神的前提下对它所做的任何显而易见的改动,都将构成对本发明专利权的侵犯,将承担相应的法律责任。The fast calculation method and device for pulse energy measurement provided by the present invention have been described in detail above. For those of ordinary skill in the art, any obvious changes made to the invention without departing from the essential spirit of the invention will constitute an infringement of the patent right of the invention and will bear corresponding legal responsibilities.
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