CN108755722A - The drainage arrangement and water discharge method in tunnel and underground structure - Google Patents
The drainage arrangement and water discharge method in tunnel and underground structure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108755722A CN108755722A CN201810943692.1A CN201810943692A CN108755722A CN 108755722 A CN108755722 A CN 108755722A CN 201810943692 A CN201810943692 A CN 201810943692A CN 108755722 A CN108755722 A CN 108755722A
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- Prior art keywords
- core pipe
- tunnel
- underground structure
- underground
- drainage arrangement
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D19/00—Keeping dry foundation sites or other areas in the ground
- E02D19/06—Restraining of underground water
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F16/00—Drainage
- E21F16/02—Drainage of tunnels
Abstract
The present invention provides the drainage arrangement and water discharge method of a kind of tunnel and underground structure, drainage arrangement includes when using through tunnel-liner or the outer tube of underground structure, discharge structure control unit in the core pipe that lower end is stretched into outer sleeve upper, is threadedly coupled with outer tube, and merging core pipe；Several second drain holes are provided on the lower part outer wall of outer tube；The lower end of the core pipe has supporting part, and several first drain holes are provided on the lower part outer wall of core pipe；The discharge structure control unit include be placed in core pipe, the stabilization block on supporting part, the lower end guide sleeve connected with block upper end is stablized, the guide rod that lower end is stretched into guide sleeve, is slidably matched with guide sleeve, the connector being connected with guide rod upper end, it is installed on connector upper end, the sealing element with the liquid-tight envelope cooperation of core pipe inner wall, it is set on guide sleeve, the both ends spring connected with block and connector is stablized respectively, the head cover of closing core pipe upper end, an at least transverse drain.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tunnels and underground engineering equipment technical fields, more particularly, to the row in a kind of tunnel and underground structure
Water installations and water discharge method.
Background technology
With China's traffic, the great development of municipal engineering construction, tunnel, subway and municipal underground engineering construction day are cumulative
More, since tunnels and underground engineering is influenced by geological conditions, ground water reserve condition is not quite similar, to the ground of structural perimeter country rock
Lower water will also carry out draining and dredge, to reduce charge for remittance to lining cutting or underground structure coagulation other than taking effective waterproof measure
The osmotic pressure of soil.It is relevant research shows that tunnel inverted arch or underground structure pour after, inverted arch lining cutting and underground structure behind water
Pressure shows gradual increased trend, is caused inverted arch or underground structure to float by charge for remittance pressure influence, strong influence
Railroad embankment and underground engineering are safe to use.Therefore, effective design is taken during tunnel and underground engineering construction
Scheme and reliable working measure carry out Active Drainage, and it is to maintain tunnel and underground work to reduce lining cutting and underground structure external water pressure
Cheng Wending, it is ensured that tunnel operation security and underground engineering optimal selection safe to use.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is intended to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, provide one kind can Active Drainage reduce lining cutting or
The drainage arrangement and water discharge method of underground structure hydraulic pressure.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：
A kind of drainage arrangement in tunnel and underground structure comprising through tunnel-liner or the outer tube of underground structure when use,
Discharge structure control unit in the core pipe that lower end is stretched into outer sleeve upper, is threadedly coupled with outer tube, and merging core pipe；
Several second drain holes are provided on the lower part outer wall of the outer tube；The lower end of the core pipe has supporting part, and core pipe
Several first drain holes are provided on the outer wall of lower part；The discharge structure control unit includes being placed in core pipe, being located at supporting part
On stabilization block, lower end and stablize the connected guide sleeve in block upper end, lower end is stretched into guide sleeve, led with what guide sleeve was slidably matched
To bar, the connector being connected with guide rod upper end is installed on connector upper end, the sealing element with the liquid-tight envelope cooperation of core pipe inner wall,
It is set on guide sleeve, the both ends spring connected with block and connector is stablized respectively, the head cover of closing core pipe upper end, at least one
The transverse drain for being set in core pipe external wall of upper portion, being connected to core pipe, and be set on stable block, for detecting hydraulic pressure
Wireless hydraulic pressure detector；When the hydraulic pressure suffered by the spring is less than the rated value of spring, the sealing surface of sealing element is not higher than transverse drainage
The lower edge of pipe, when the hydraulic pressure suffered by the spring is more than the rated value of spring, sealing element moves up, make the lower space of core pipe with it is horizontal
It is connected to drainpipe and realizes draining.
Preferably, further include being located at sealing element upper end draw ring.
Preferably, further include being installed on outer tube lower end, the header tank made of pervious concrete.
Preferably, the head cover is connect with core pipe by helicitic texture.
Preferably, the transverse drain is two, is symmetrically disposed in core pipe.
Preferably, the connector is integrated with sealing element.
Preferably, the guide rod is connect with connector by helicitic texture.
Preferably, the guide sleeve is connect with block is stablized by helicitic texture.
Preferably, the mounting hole of wireless water pressure monitor is installed in the side wall setting of the stable block.
The water discharge method in a kind of tunnel and underground structure, using drainage arrangement as described above, according to tunnel or underground work
The specific hydrogeologic condition of journey, drainage arrangement is arranged in tunnel or underground structure at a certain distance；According to design requirement in tunnel
Equipment installation position is reserved in tunnel side wall, inverted arch bottom or underground structure before just spray or underground structure pour in road；It will be outer
It is installed after casing package non-woven fabrics, fixing clearance is stablized using thin cobble or coarse sand backfill；Wait for cast in situs tunnel double-lining, inverted arch
Or outer tube top uses cylindricality template protection when underground structure, it is ensured that outer tube is not blocked during casting concrete and protected
Demonstrate,prove connection space；Then carry out construction of shotcrete；Guide rod is placed in inside guide sleeve, guide rod is then passed through into screw thread
With the connector on top, guide sleeve is connected by screw thread with the stabilization block with lower part, wireless water pressure monitor is placed in stabilization
Block lower recess, spring is by connector and stablizes reserved spiral shape hole installation fixation on block, to form discharge structure control
Unit processed；The control unit is integrally placed in core pipe, head cover is installed by screw thread on head cover and core pipe top screw thread later
Core pipe is closed；After waiting for that secondary lining or underground structure perform, outer tube installation is screwed by core pipe；Dry season water
When pressure is smaller, spring is in free state, and closure member blocks drain pipe channel in core pipe, inside tunnel or underground structure just
Often draining will not penetrate into lining cutting or underground structure by core pipe behind；After underground water enrichment hydraulic pressure becomes larger, underground water is through housing
Enter in core pipe after pipe filtering, to form pushing tow to the sealing element in core pipe, when hydraulic pressure reaches setting value, spring elongation,
Water pressure pushing sealing element is integrally steadily moved up along guide rod, to open the drainage channel of underground water, realizes tunnel-liner
Or underground structure behind underground water is actively drained.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
1, drop and drainage structure is applied in advance in tunnel side wall, inverted arch or underground structure when the present invention uses, and is actively arranged to realize
Letting out underground charge for remittance reduces the purpose of tunnel-liner or underground structure water pressure, while ensure that tunnel or underground structure internal drainage
Inverted arch arch bottom or underground structure bottom will not be entered, lining caused by preventing conventional drainage from entering tunnel double-lining or underground structure behind
Build environmental degradation.
2, each section of the present invention is mutual indepedent, can independently replace without influencing other parts structure function, working service side
Just.
3, core pipe top of the invention is threaded, and has added cap structure, the maintenance of internal structure can be facilitated to replace.
4, using being threadedly coupled between outer tube of the invention and core pipe, leakproofness is preferable, it is ensured that tunnel or underground knot
Charge for remittance can only be discharged after entering chamber via core pipe on the outside of structure, it is ensured that the accuracy of water pressure monitoring, while being also convenient for structure
Between replacement maintenance.
5, the present invention stablizes block by increase, avoids the disadvantage that Internal control structure bottom end must link into an integrated entity with core pipe
End, Internal control structure can individually become an entirety and carry out convenient dismounting installation；It is provided with simultaneously on sealing element top
Internal control structure can be taken out maintenance by draw ring and replaced, without taking out core pipe by draw ring when uncapping maintenance.
6, the present invention uses outer tube charge for remittance, and excavation size is small, to tunnel or underground engineering original structure stability influence
It is smaller；And work as features as poor geologic condition, when tunnel or underground engineering predict that water yield is big, the mode for adding pervious concrete case can be used
Increase catchment area, increasing water discharge capacity.
7, wireless water pressure monitor of the invention is placed in link block lower part, for monitoring lining cutting external water pressure, and can will supervise
It surveys signal real-time radio and is transmitted to reception terminal, realize the intelligent management during tunnel operation.
8, the present invention in vertical drainage pipe both sides connects transverse drain, can be in vertical drainage pipe dismantles installation process
Increase torque arm length easy disassembly.
9, the present invention is provided with guide rod in spring inner, can ensure the mobile side of internal structure in variation in water pressure
To, it is ensured that mobile is steady；Guide rod can be inside tunnel or underground structure when proper drainage simultaneously, the position of fixed closed part
It sets, ensures the one-way of draining.
10, the stabilization block of the connector and lower part on spring of the invention and top is connected by reserved spiral-shaped orifices
Connect, it is easy for installation and can according to hydrogeologic condition adjust spring, adapt to different dewatering needs.
Description of the drawings
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with
Other attached drawings are obtained according to these attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is schematic diagram of the present invention in tunnel inverted arch arrangement, and which use header tanks；
Fig. 2 is the stereogram of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the front view of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the left view of Fig. 3；
Fig. 5 is the vertical view of Fig. 3；
Fig. 6 is the stereogram that core pipe of the present invention and head cover assemble；
Fig. 7 is the front view that core pipe of the present invention and head cover assemble；
Fig. 8 is the left view of Fig. 7；
Fig. 9 is the vertical view of Fig. 7；
Figure 10 is the stereogram of core pipe of the present invention；
Figure 11 is the stereogram of head cover in the present invention；
Figure 12 is the stereogram of discharge structure control unit in the present invention；
Figure 13 is the sectional view of discharge structure control unit in the present invention；
Figure 14 is the sectional view of the present invention（Dry season）；
Figure 15 is the sectional view of the present invention（Wet season）；
In figure respectively marked as：1-head cover；2-transverse drains；3-core pipes；4-outer tubes；5-the first drain hole；6-draw
Ring；7-sealing elements；8-connectors；9-guide rods；10-springs；11-guide sleeves；12-stablize block；13-wireless hydraulic pressure
Detector；14-header tanks, the 15-the second drain hole.
Specific implementation mode
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained every other under the premise of not making the creative labor
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.In the following description, of the invention structure and work side in order to clearly demonstrate
Formula will be described on the basis of attached drawing by many Directional words, but should by "front", "rear", "left", "right",
The Word Understandings such as "upper", "lower" are not construed as word of limitation for convenience of term.
The drainage arrangement in tunnel and underground structure shown in Fig. 1-15 comprising tied through tunnel-liner 20 or underground when use
The outer tube 4 of structure, the core pipe 3 that lower end is stretched into 4 upper end of outer tube, is threadedly coupled with outer tube 4, and be placed in core pipe 3
Discharge structure control unit；Several second drain holes 15 are provided on the lower part outer wall of the outer tube 4；Under the core pipe 3
End has supporting part, and several first drain holes 5 are provided on the lower part outer wall of core pipe 3；The discharge structure control unit packet
Include be placed in core pipe 3, the stabilization block 12 on supporting part, lower end and stablize the connected guide sleeve 11 in 12 upper end of block, lower end is stretched
Enter the guide rod 9 being slidably matched in guide sleeve 11, with guide sleeve 11, the connector 8 being connected with 9 upper end of guide rod, the company of being installed on
8 upper end of fitting, the sealing element 7 with the liquid-tight envelope cooperation of 3 inner wall of core pipe, be set on guide sleeve 11, both ends respectively with stablize block 12
And the spring 10 that connector 8 is connected, the head cover 1 of 3 upper end of closing core pipe, two be set in 3 external wall of upper portion of core pipe, with core pipe 3
The transverse drain 2 of connection, and be set on stable block 12, the wireless hydraulic pressure detector 13 for detecting hydraulic pressure；Work as spring
When hydraulic pressure suffered by 10 is less than the rated value of spring 10, the sealing surface of sealing element 7 is not higher than the lower edge of transverse drain 2, works as spring
When hydraulic pressure suffered by 10 is more than the rated value of spring 10, sealing element 7 moves up, and makes the lower space and transverse drain 2 of core pipe 3
Draining is realized in connection.
Particularly, further include being located at 7 upper end draw ring 6 of sealing element, taken out out of core pipe convenient for sealing element and corresponding component,
The structure type of rubber piston or metallic piston encryption seal ring, such as inflator piston can be used in sealing element.
Particularly, further include being installed on 4 lower end of outer tube, header tank 14 made of pervious concrete, header tank
Size can size according to hydrogeologic condition and prediction water yield determine.
Particularly, the head cover 1 is connect with core pipe 3 by helicitic texture, it is clear that the progress such as flange arrangement also can be used
Connection.
Particularly, two transverse drains 2 of the present embodiment are symmetrically disposed in core pipe 3, it is clear that transverse drain 2
Quantity can reasonably be increased and decreased according to caliber and flow area.
Particularly, the connector 8 is integrated with sealing element 7.
Particularly, the guide rod 9 is connect with connector 8 by helicitic texture, it is ensured that close connection, it is clear that also
Welding or clamping etc. can be used.
Particularly, the guide sleeve 11 is connect with block 12 is stablized by helicitic texture, it is clear that also can be used welding or
Clamping etc..
Particularly, the mounting hole of wireless water pressure monitor is installed in the side wall setting of the stable block 12, is convenient for wireless water
Press the dismounting and maintenance of monitor.Wireless water pressure monitor, can be by monitoring signals real-time radio for monitoring inverted arch lower part hydraulic pressure
It is transmitted to reception terminal.
Sealing element 7 in the present embodiment is made of water proof material, and spring 10 is made of waterproof anti-corrosion material.
The water discharge method of the present invention is as follows：Using drainage arrangement as described above, according to tunnel or the specific water of underground engineering
Literary geological conditions arranges drainage arrangement at a certain distance in tunnel or underground structure；Sprayed at the beginning of the tunnel according to design requirement or
Underground structure reserves equipment installation position before pouring in tunnel side wall, inverted arch bottom or underground structure, according to hydrogeology
Situation, it is determined whether use header tank 14.It is installed after outer tube is wrapped up non-woven fabrics, fixing clearance is returned using thin cobble or coarse sand
Fill out stabilization；Outer tube top uses cylindricality template protection when cast in situs tunnel double-lining, inverted arch or underground structure, it is ensured that housing
Pipe is not blocked during casting concrete ensures connection space；Then carry out construction of shotcrete.Guide rod 9 is placed in
Inside guide sleeve 11, then by guide rod 9 by screw thread and the connector on top 8, guide sleeve 11 is passed through into screw thread and the lower part and
Stabilization block 12 connect, wireless water pressure monitor 13 is placed in 12 lower recess of stable block, spring 10 passes through connector 8 and stablizes
Spiral shape hole installation is reserved on block 12 to fix（Obviously also solderable or be bolted）, to form discharge structure control
Unit；The control unit is integrally placed in core pipe 13, head cover 1 is installed by screw thread on head cover and core pipe top screw thread later
Core pipe 3 is closed；After waiting for that secondary lining or underground structure perform, outer tube 4 is screwed by core pipe 3 and is installed.Low water
When phase hydraulic pressure is smaller, spring 10 is in free state, and closure member 7 blocks drain pipe channel in core pipe 3, is tied in tunnel or underground
Proper drainage will not penetrate into lining cutting or underground structure behind to cause lining cutting or underground structure environment to dislike by core pipe 3 inside structure
Change.After underground water enrichment hydraulic pressure becomes larger, underground water enters after the filtering of outer tube 4 in core pipe 3, to close in core pipe 3
Sealing 7 forms pushing tow, and when hydraulic pressure reaches setting value, spring 10 stretches, and water pressure pushing sealing element 7 is whole steady along guide rod 9
It moves up, to open the drainage channel of underground water, realizes that tunnel-liner or underground structure behind underground water are actively drained, drop
Low tunnel or underground structure external water pressure, prevent Lining cracks.After ground water pressure reduction, spring 10 restores with dynamic seal 7
To original position, drainage channel is closed.This structure can be used for tunnel side wall, inverted arch bottom, the full packet waterproof section of municipal works,
Wireless water pressure monitor 13 is installed to lining cutting or underground structure in subway station, the engineerings such as basement position in combination with requirement of engineering
Behind hydraulic pressure is monitored in real time, and accuracy and the technicalization for improving tunnel or underground engineering later maintenance improvement are horizontal.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
With within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention god.
Claims (10)
1. the drainage arrangement in a kind of tunnel and underground structure, it is characterised in that：It is tied through tunnel-liner or underground when including using
The outer tube of structure（4）, outer tube is stretched into lower end（4）In upper end and outer tube（4）The core pipe of threaded connection（3）, and merging core
Pipe（3）Interior discharge structure control unit；The outer tube（4）Lower part outer wall on be provided with several second drain holes（15）；
The core pipe（3）Lower end there is supporting part, and core pipe（3）Lower part outer wall on be provided with several first drain holes（5）；It is described
Discharge structure control unit includes being placed in core pipe（3）Stabilization block interior, on supporting part（12）, lower end and stablize block（12）On
The connected guide sleeve in end（11）, guide sleeve is stretched into lower end（11）Interior and guide sleeve（11）The guide rod being slidably matched（9）, and lead
To bar（9）The connected connector in upper end（8）, it is installed on connector（8）Upper end and core pipe（3）The sealing of the liquid-tight envelope cooperation of inner wall
Part（7）, it is set in guide sleeve（11）Upper, both ends respectively with stablize block（12）And connector（8）Connected spring（10）, close core
Pipe（3）The head cover of upper end（1）, at least one is set to core pipe（3）In external wall of upper portion and core pipe（3）The transverse drain of connection
（2）, and it is set to stable block（12）Upper, the wireless hydraulic pressure detector for detecting hydraulic pressure（13）；Work as spring（10）Suffered water
It forces down in spring（10）Rated value when, sealing element（7）Sealing surface be not higher than transverse drain（2）Lower edge, work as spring
（10）Suffered hydraulic pressure is more than spring（10）Rated value when, sealing element（7）It moves up, makes core pipe（3）Lower space with it is horizontal
To drainpipe（2）Draining is realized in connection.
2. the drainage arrangement of tunnel and underground structure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Further include being located at sealing element
（7）Upper end draw ring（6）.
3. the drainage arrangement in tunnel according to claim 1 or claim 2 and underground structure, it is characterised in that：Further include outside being installed on
Casing（4）Lower end, the header tank made of pervious concrete（14）.
4. the drainage arrangement in tunnel according to claim 1 or claim 2 and underground structure, it is characterised in that：The head cover（1）With core
Pipe（3）It is connected by helicitic texture.
5. the drainage arrangement in tunnel according to claim 1 or claim 2 and underground structure, it is characterised in that：The transverse drain
（2）It is two, is symmetrically disposed on core pipe（3）On.
6. the drainage arrangement in tunnel according to claim 1 or claim 2 and underground structure, it is characterised in that：The connector（8）With
Sealing element（7）It is integrated.
7. the drainage arrangement in tunnel according to claim 1 or claim 2 and underground structure, it is characterised in that：The guide rod（9）With
Connector（8）It is connected by helicitic texture.
8. the drainage arrangement in tunnel according to claim 1 or claim 2 and underground structure, it is characterised in that：The guide sleeve（11）
With stablize block（12）It is connected by helicitic texture.
9. the drainage arrangement in tunnel according to claim 1 or claim 2 and underground structure, it is characterised in that：The stable block（12）
Side wall setting the mounting hole of wireless water pressure monitor is installed.
10. the water discharge method in a kind of tunnel and underground structure, it is characterised in that drainage arrangement as described in claim 1 is used,
It includes the following contents：According to tunnel or the specific hydrogeologic condition of underground engineering, between being pressed centainly in tunnel or underground structure
Away from arrangement drainage arrangement；Sprayed at the beginning of the tunnel according to design requirement or underground structure pour before tunnel side wall, inverted arch bottom or
Equipment installation position is reserved in underground structure；It is installed after outer tube is wrapped up non-woven fabrics, fixing clearance uses thin cobble or coarse sand
Backfill is stablized；Outer tube top uses cylindricality template protection when cast in situs tunnel double-lining, inverted arch or underground structure, it is ensured that outer
Casing is not blocked during casting concrete ensures connection space；Then carry out construction of shotcrete；Guide rod is set
Inside guide sleeve, then by guide rod by the connector of screw thread and top, guide sleeve is passed through into screw thread and steady with lower part
Determine block connection, wireless water pressure monitor is placed in stable block lower recess, spring is by connector and stablizes reserved spiral on block
The installation of shape hole is fixed, to form discharge structure control unit；The control unit is integrally placed in core pipe, passes through top later
It covers screw thread and screw thread installation head cover in core pipe top closes core pipe；It waits for that secondary lining or underground structure perform to finish
Afterwards, outer tube installation is screwed by core pipe；When dry season hydraulic pressure is smaller, spring is in free state, and closure member blocks in core pipe
Drain pipe channel, proper drainage will not penetrate into lining cutting or underground structure by core pipe behind inside tunnel or underground structure；
After underground water enrichment hydraulic pressure becomes larger, underground water enters after outer tube filters in core pipe, to the sealing element shape in core pipe
At pushing tow, when hydraulic pressure reaches setting value, spring elongation, water pressure pushing sealing element is integrally steadily moved up along guide rod, from
And the drainage channel of underground water is opened, realize that tunnel-liner or underground structure behind underground water are actively drained.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810943692.1A CN108755722A (en) | 2018-08-18 | 2018-08-18 | The drainage arrangement and water discharge method in tunnel and underground structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810943692.1A CN108755722A (en) | 2018-08-18 | 2018-08-18 | The drainage arrangement and water discharge method in tunnel and underground structure |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN108755722A true CN108755722A (en) | 2018-11-06 |
Family
ID=63966222
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201810943692.1A Withdrawn CN108755722A (en) | 2018-08-18 | 2018-08-18 | The drainage arrangement and water discharge method in tunnel and underground structure |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110486085A (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2019-11-22 | 浙江交工宏途交通建设有限公司 | A kind of Karst Geological Landscape constructing tunnel drainage arrangement |
| CN115680765A (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-02-03 | 山西诚达公路勘察设计有限公司 | Highway tunnel construction is with preventing stifled type ponding drainage device |
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