CN108747233B - A kind of processing technology of mechanical main shaft - Google Patents
A kind of processing technology of mechanical main shaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN108747233B CN108747233B CN201810421002.6A CN201810421002A CN108747233B CN 108747233 B CN108747233 B CN 108747233B CN 201810421002 A CN201810421002 A CN 201810421002A CN 108747233 B CN108747233 B CN 108747233B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/14—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
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Abstract
The invention belongs to axis processing technique field, in particular to a kind of processing technology of mechanical main shaft.Concrete technology includes molding-modifier treatment-processing-Nitrizing Treatment, the present invention uses two sections of nitridation process of action of low-voltage pulse, using nitrogen and ammonia as nitrogen source, the mass ratio of both strict controls, ultralow negative pressure is used simultaneously, the thickness of nitriding layer is controlled, the nitriding layer finally obtained has excellent uniformity and compactness, to substantially increase the comprehensive mechanical property and wear-resisting property of main shaft.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to axis processing technique field, in particular to a kind of processing technology of mechanical main shaft.
Background technique
In lathe, auto manufacturing, main shaft is its important power-transmitting part, often subjects bending, torsion, impact
The effect of load and fatigue, therefore axis is required to have higher comprehensive mechanical property；The position for bearing to rub also requires to have enough
Hardness and wearability.Part is mostly machined and is made, to take into account machinability and service performance requirement, it is necessary to make
Reasonable processing technology is made to guarantee the performance of lathe spindle various aspects.
In most cases, people are to study based on the hot and cold processing technology of main shaft, and have ignored the weight of its nitridation process
The property wanted.Pass through Nitrizing Treatment during spindle processing, forms the nitriding layer of good compactness in main shaft, which can be effective
Improve hardness, wearability, fatigue resistance and the anti-seizing property of main shaft.
Traditional nitridation process is ammonia to be inputted into nitriding furnace under certain temperature range, and kept for a period of time.
Chinese invention patent (CN104002111A) discloses a kind of nitridation process of central principal axis taper hole, specially in 520 DEG C of nitridings
20-25h inputs ammonia, ammonia dissociation rate 15-25%, then in 540 DEG C of nitriding 6-10h, ammonia dissociation rate 45-65%, the infiltration
Though nitrogen technique can improve the fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance of spindle taper hole, its bead that must be equipped with early period be can be only achieved
Good effect, furthermore, this nitridation process is suitable only for the steel alloy that material is 32Cr2MoV, for the steel alloy of other models
Performance does not have improvement result, especially 38CrMoAl steel alloy, and so just significantly limit the nitridation process uses model
It encloses.Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop the comprehensive performances that a kind of novel nitridation process is used to improve mechanical main shaft at present.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is being directed to the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, it is comprehensive to provide a kind of mechanical main shaft that can improve
Mechanical property, the processing technology of wear-resisting property.
Object of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: a kind of processing technology of mechanical main shaft, including following
Step:
S1, molding: by alloy pig blanking, melting forms roughcast；
S2, modifier treatment: blank is subjected to modifier treatment；
S3, processing: the blank after modifier treatment is successively carried out to half finishing processing, finishing processing, half fine grinding, is bored
It cuts, finish-milling processing, spline processing；
S4, Nitrizing Treatment: by the blank after processing first under action of low-voltage pulse effect in 530-550 DEG C of Nitrizing Treatment 8-12h,
Then in 570-600 DEG C of Nitrizing Treatment 5-8h, mechanical main shaft finished product is made, wherein nitriding furnace pressure is-(0.05-0.01)
MPa, nitrided case depth 0.08-0.12mm.
The nitrogen treatment stage of the present invention uses two sections of nitridation process under action of low-voltage pulse effect, first by Gas puffing and
The mode of pumping, the nitriding medium in nitriding furnace can be constantly updated, and entrapped air volume be avoided the occurrence of, so that each surface of main shaft can
It is contacted with fresh nitriding medium, and then obtains more uniform nitriding layer, meanwhile, pulse nitriding can reduce the pressure in nitriding furnace
Power forms the phenomenon that part deaerates, and this phenomenon makes the degree of porosity in main shaft surface compound layer reduce or disappear, in turn
Fine and close compound layer is formed, the wear-resisting property of main shaft is considerably increased.Meanwhile action of low-voltage pulse cooperates two sections of nitridation process that can have
Effect reduces the thickness of infiltration layer nitride layer, white layer, the first stage, first in 530-550 DEG C of Nitrizing Treatment 8-12h under action of low-voltage pulse effect, this
Stage nitriding in high nitrogen gesture atmosphere provides more activity using Gas puffing and air-breathing since the resolution ratio of nitriding medium is low
Nitrogen-atoms enables main shaft to obtain deeper diffusion layer, and second stage, in 570-600 DEG C of Nitrizing Treatment 5-8h, this stage is in low nitrogen
Nitriding in gesture atmosphere declines surface nitrogen concentration, reduces the formation of nitride net since the resolution ratio of nitriding medium is high, thus
The nitration case brittleness of acquisition is small, and mechanical property is good.If the present invention is using conventional nitridation process in the prior art, due to nitrogen and master
The metallic atom on axis surface has very strong affinity, the metal that fine and close nitriding layer will hinder going deep into for nitrogen, while be oxidized
Atom also will hinder nitrogen inwardly to spread in the fine and close oxidation film that main shaft surface is formed, therefore will lead to that nitriding speed is slow, infiltration layer
The problems such as thin, surface layer is crisp and processing overlong time.
In addition, nitriding furnace pressure of the present invention is-(0.05-0.01), active nitrogen in nitriding medium is helped to improve using negative pressure
Content, promote the diffusion of nitrogen-atoms to penetrate into, form uniform nitriding layer, and then improve the hardness of spindle material, it is crisp to reduce its
Property.The prior art usually carries out nitriding under positive pressure and obtains satisfactory nitriding layer, if but the present invention under positive pressure carry out
Nitriding, nitriding medium can rapidly enter in main shaft, and the thickness of nitriding layer is not easy to control, and the nitriding layer formed is uneven, and shadow
Ring the quality of main shaft finished product.
Preferably, in step s 4, the nitriding medium is nitrogen+ammonia, the mass ratio of the two is 1:(1.5-5).With
The prior art is compared using single nitrogen source, and the present invention, as nitrogen source, not only reduces the crisp of nitride region using nitrogen+ammonia
Property, and infiltration rate is faster than the infiltration rate of single nitrogen source nitriding.The ratio of nitrogen and ammonia is also to measure the weight of nitrogenizing effect in nitriding medium
Want index, when the mass ratio of nitrogen and ammonia is less than 1:1.5 in the present invention, the activated nitrogen atom quantity that is formed in nitriding process compared with
It is few, the effect of depth nitriding is not achieved, and nitriding layer is uneven, but when the two mass ratio is greater than 1:5, layer surface centre
There is atrament, just because of the appearance of nitriding black layer, so that nitrided layer hardness shows inhomogeneities.
Preferably, in step s 4, the mode of the action of low-voltage pulse are as follows: vacuumize 35- after inflation 35-40min
40min.Fresh nitriding medium and effectively discharge delay can be replenished in time in 35-40min for present invention inflation pumpdown time control
Gas help to obtain the nitriding layer of even compact.It is typically chosen single nitrogen source in existing nitridation process, nitriding medium is not present
Between fusion, and entrapped air volume ingredient is single, therefore the time that impulse charge vacuumizes is typically less than 30min, if of the invention
Using general pulse mode, then the nitrogen in nitriding medium and ammonia cannot be sufficiently mixed, can be because seeping in nitriding process
The difference of nitrogen agent component and cause nitriding layer uneven, while be detained multiple gases can not effectively be discharged.
Preferably, in step s 2, the modifier treatment specifically comprises the processes of: be heated to 320-350 DEG C/h rate
900-930 DEG C of heat preservation 180-240min, fills high purity inert gas immediately, is cooled fast to 40-50 DEG C and comes out of the stove after heat preservation；
600-650 DEG C of heat preservation 200-240min is heated to 350-380 DEG C/h rate again, fills high-purity indifferent gas after heat preservation immediately
Body is cooled fast to 40-50 DEG C and comes out of the stove.The present invention enables austenite sufficiently to change by the mode being rapidly heated, and eliminates
Tissue defects are forged, rapid cooling makes spindle material tissue crystal grain refinement, substantially improves the material mechanical performance, and existing skill
More slow heating mode is generally used in art, using water cooling or the air-cooled type of cooling, if the present invention uses general tune
, then there is martensite and dotted ferritic structure, and nonuniform organization in matter treatment process in spindle material, crystal grain occurs for martensite
Fusion, forms big massive texture and influences requirement of the spindle material to toughness, intensity and hardness.
Preferably, in step s3, half finishing processing specifically comprises the processes of: size, holes drilled through, the vehicle conical surface, cone
Each hole of big end surface is bored in hole, and outer circle reserves the machining allowance of 3mm-5mm, and the vehicle conical surface reserves the machining allowance of 0.6mm-1mm,
The machining allowance of remaining reserved 0.3mm-0.5mm, overall surface roughness are 0.5-0.7mm.
Preferably, in step s3, half fine grinding specifically comprises the processes of: half fine cylindrical, taper hole, outer circle are reserved
The machining allowance of 1mm-2mm, taper hole reserve the machining allowance of 0.4mm-0.6mm.The present invention increases by half before main shaft nitrogenizes and refines
The technique of outer circle and taper hole controls the machining allowance of outer circle and taper hole in suitable range, refines after being effectively guaranteed nitridation
The removal amount of nitration case when outer circle and taper hole, and then improve the processing quality of main shaft.
Preferably, in step sl, the component and mass percent of alloy pig are as follows: C:0.2-0.5%, Si:0.1-
0.3%, Mn:0.05-0.6%, Al:0.8-2%, Cr:1.2-2.5%, Ni:0.01-0.08%, Mo:0.15-0.8%, surplus
For Fe and inevitable impurity.
The presence of alloying elements cr, Al, Mo can be obviously improved the nitriding layer hardness of main shaft in alloy pig of the present invention, because removing
There is except the nitride of alloying element in nitride layer, white layer, there are many more the alloy nitrides for being in Dispersed precipitate in diffusion layer
(Mo2N、AlN、Cr2N etc.), it can play dispersion hardening, significantly improve the hardness of nitride layer, white layer and diffusion layer.A small amount of manganese is deposited
In addition to aluminium alloy can be purified in melting, crystal grain is refined, in subsequent nitridation process, reciprocation shape occurs with nitrogen-atoms
At Mn2N、Mn5N2Phase can greatly improve the corrosion resistance of spindle material.
Further preferably, the component and mass percent of alloy pig are as follows: C:0.35-0.45%, Si:0.2-0.3%, Mn:
0.3-0.5%, Al:0.8-1.2%, Cr:1.4-2%, Ni:0.01-0.04%, Mo:0.15-0.25%, surplus is for Fe and not
Evitable impurity.The alloy pig of the component and mass percent includes 38CrMoAl alloy pig.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantage that
1. the present invention carries out two sections of nitridation process under action of low-voltage pulse effect, and with nitrogen and ammonia for dual nitrogen source, In
While improving nitriding rate increase depth of nitration, the uniformity and compactness of nitriding layer are further promoted, to substantially increase
The mechanical property and wear-resisting property of main shaft.
2. processing technology of the present invention is simply easily operated, machining accuracy is high, and principal shaft product is high-quality, is suitable for industrial metaplasia
It produces.
Specific embodiment
The following is specific embodiments of the present invention, and illustrates that technical scheme of the present invention will be further described, but this
Invention is not limited to these examples.
Embodiment 1
A kind of processing technology of mechanical main shaft, including following preparation step:
By component and mass percent are as follows: C:0.35%, Si:0.2%, Mn:0.25%, Al:1.3%, Cr:1.8%,
Ni:0.04%, Mo:0.23%, alloy pig blanking of the surplus for Fe and inevitable impurity, the melting at 1050 DEG C, then
It is pressed into blank；
Blank is heated to 920 DEG C of heat preservation 210min with 335 DEG C/h rate, fills high-purity indifferent gas after heat preservation immediately
Body is cooled fast to 45 DEG C and comes out of the stove；625 DEG C of heat preservation 220min are heated to 365 DEG C/h rate again, are filled immediately after heat preservation
High purity inert gas is cooled fast to 45 DEG C and comes out of the stove；
Blank after modifier treatment is successively carried out to half finishing processing, finishing processing, half fine grinding, drilling, finish-milling add
Work, spline processing, wherein half finishing processing technique are as follows: size, the vehicle conical surface, taper hole, bores each hole of big end surface at holes drilled through,
Outer circle reserves the machining allowance of 4mm, and the vehicle conical surface reserves the machining allowance of 0.8mm, the machining allowance of remaining reserved 0.4mm is whole
Surface roughness is 0.6mm, half fine grinding technology are as follows: outer circle, taper hole, outer circle reserve the machining allowance of 1.5mm, and taper hole is reserved
The machining allowance of 0.5mm；
By the blank after processing first under action of low-voltage pulse in 540 DEG C of Nitrizing Treatment 10h, then in 585 DEG C of Nitrizing Treatment 6h,
Mechanical main shaft finished product is made, wherein nitriding furnace pressure is -0.03MPa, and nitrided case depth 0.1mm, nitriding medium is that mass ratio is
The nitrogen and ammonia of 1:3.5, the mode of action of low-voltage pulse are as follows: vacuumize 35min after inflation 35min.
Embodiment 2
Difference with embodiment 1 is only that, the component and mass percent of the present embodiment alloy pig are as follows: C:0.4%, Si:
0.2%, Mn:0.15%, Al:1%, Cr:2%, Ni:0.03%, Mo:0.2%, surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity
Embodiment 3
Difference with embodiment 1 is only that, the component and mass percent of the present embodiment alloy pig are as follows: C:0.2%, Si:
0.1%, Mn:0.05%, Al:0.8%, Cr:1.2%, Ni:0.01%, Mo:0.15%, surplus be Fe and inevitably it is miscellaneous
Matter
Embodiment 4
Difference with embodiment 1 is only that, the component and mass percent of the present embodiment alloy pig are as follows: C:0.5%, Si:
0.3%, Mn:0.4%, Al:2%, Cr:2.5%, Ni:0.08%, Mo:0.3%, surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity
Embodiment 5
Difference with embodiment 1 is only that blank is heated to 910 DEG C of heat preservations with 340 DEG C/h rate by the present embodiment
200min fills high purity inert gas immediately after heat preservation, be cooled fast to 47 DEG C and come out of the stove；Again with the heating of 360 DEG C/h rate
To 620 DEG C of heat preservation 230min, high purity inert gas is filled after heat preservation immediately, 47 DEG C is cooled fast to and comes out of the stove.
Embodiment 6
Difference with embodiment 1 is only that blank is heated to 900 DEG C of heat preservations with 320 DEG C/h rate by the present embodiment
180min fills high purity inert gas immediately after heat preservation, be cooled fast to 40 DEG C and come out of the stove；Again with the heating of 350 DEG C/h rate
To 600 DEG C of heat preservation 200min, high purity inert gas is filled after heat preservation immediately, 40 DEG C is cooled fast to and comes out of the stove.
Embodiment 7
Difference with embodiment 1 is only that blank is heated to 930 DEG C of heat preservations with 350 DEG C/h rate by the present embodiment
240min fills high purity inert gas immediately after heat preservation, be cooled fast to 50 DEG C and come out of the stove；Again with the heating of 380 DEG C/h rate
To 650 DEG C of heat preservation 240min, high purity inert gas is filled after heat preservation immediately, 50 DEG C is cooled fast to and comes out of the stove.
Embodiment 8
Difference with embodiment 1 is only that, half finishing processing technique of the present embodiment are as follows: size, holes drilled through, vehicle cone
Face, taper hole bore each hole of big end surface, and outer circle reserves the machining allowance of 3mm, and the vehicle conical surface reserves the machining allowance of 0.6mm, remaining is pre-
The machining allowance of 0.3mm is stayed, overall surface roughness is 0.5, half fine grinding technology are as follows: outer circle, taper hole, outer circle reserve adding for 1mm
Spare time amount, taper hole reserve the machining allowance of 0.4mm；
Embodiment 9
Difference with embodiment 1 is only that, half finishing processing technique of the present embodiment are as follows: size, holes drilled through, vehicle cone
Face, taper hole bore each hole of big end surface, and outer circle reserves the machining allowance of 5mm, and the vehicle conical surface reserves the machining allowance of 1mm, remaining is reserved
The machining allowance of 0.5mm, overall surface roughness are 0.7mm, half fine grinding technology are as follows: outer circle, taper hole, outer circle reserve adding for 2mm
Spare time amount, taper hole reserve the machining allowance of 0.6mm；
Embodiment 10
Difference with embodiment 1 is only that the present embodiment is by the blank after processing first under action of low-voltage pulse in 535 DEG C of nitridings
9h is handled, then in 590 DEG C of Nitrizing Treatment 7h, mechanical main shaft finished product is made, wherein nitriding furnace pressure is -0.02MPa, nitriding
For layer with a thickness of 0.09mm, nitriding medium is the nitrogen and ammonia that mass ratio is 1:4, the mode of action of low-voltage pulse are as follows: is taken out after inflation 32min
Vacuum 32min.
Embodiment 11
Difference with embodiment 1 is only that the present embodiment is by the blank after processing first under action of low-voltage pulse in 530 DEG C of nitridings
8h is handled, then in 570 DEG C of Nitrizing Treatment 5h, mechanical main shaft finished product is made, wherein nitriding furnace pressure is -0.05MPa, nitriding
For layer with a thickness of 0.08mm, nitriding medium is the nitrogen and ammonia that mass ratio is 1:1.5, the mode of action of low-voltage pulse are as follows: after inflation 30min
Vacuumize 30min.
Embodiment 12
Difference with embodiment 1 is only that the present embodiment is by the blank after processing first under action of low-voltage pulse in 550 DEG C of nitridings
12h is handled, then in 600 DEG C of Nitrizing Treatment 8h, mechanical main shaft finished product is made, wherein nitriding furnace pressure is -0.01MPa, nitriding
For layer with a thickness of 0.12mm, nitriding medium is the nitrogen and ammonia that mass ratio is 1:5, the mode of action of low-voltage pulse are as follows: is taken out after inflation 40min
Vacuum 40min.
Embodiment 13
Difference with embodiment 1 is only that the present embodiment nitriding medium is the nitrogen and ammonia that mass ratio is 1:1.2.
Embodiment 14
Difference with embodiment 1 is only that the present embodiment nitriding medium is the nitrogen and ammonia that mass ratio is 1:6.
Embodiment 15
Difference with embodiment 1 is only that the present embodiment nitriding medium is nitrogen.
Embodiment 16
Difference with embodiment 1 is only that the present embodiment nitriding medium is ammonia.
Embodiment 17
Difference with embodiment 1 is only that the present embodiment action of low-voltage pulse mode vacuumizes 20min after being inflation 20min.
Embodiment 18
Difference with embodiment 1 is only that, the present embodiment nitriding layer with a thickness of 0.05mm.
Embodiment 19
Difference with embodiment 1 is only that, the present embodiment nitriding layer with a thickness of 0.15mm.
Comparative example 1
Using conventional nitridation process in the prior art.
It is tested for the property that the results are shown in Table 1 to mechanical main shaft described in embodiment 1-19 and comparative example 1.
Table 1: the performance test results of mechanical main shaft in embodiment 1-19 and comparative example 1
In summary factor, present invention effect are as follows: two sections of nitridation process of progress under action of low-voltage pulse effect, and with
Nitrogen and ammonia are dual nitrogen source, while improving nitriding rate increase depth of nitration, further promote the uniformity of nitriding layer
And compactness, to substantially increase the mechanical property and wear-resisting property of main shaft, while the nitridation process is not limited to single type
Number material.
This place embodiment is not exhaustive claimed midpoint of technical range and in embodiment technology
In scheme to single or multiple technical characteristics it is same replacement be formed by new technical solution, equally all the present invention claims
In the range of protection, and between the parameter that is related to of the present invention program if not otherwise specified, then there is no can not between each other
The unique combinations of replacement.
Specific embodiment described herein is only an example for the spirit of the invention.The neck of technology belonging to the present invention
The technical staff in domain can do various modifications or supplement or is substituted in a similar manner to described specific embodiment, but simultaneously
Spirit or beyond the scope defined by the appended claims of the invention is not deviated by.
It is skilled to this field although present invention has been described in detail and some specific embodiments have been cited
For technical staff, as long as it is obvious for can making various changes or correct without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of processing technology of mechanical main shaft, which comprises the following steps:
S1, molding: by alloy pig blanking, melting forms roughcast；
S2, modifier treatment: blank is subjected to modifier treatment；The modifier treatment specifically comprises the processes of: with 320-350 DEG C/h rate
It is heated to 900-930 DEG C of heat preservation 180-240min, high purity inert gas is filled after heat preservation immediately, is cooled fast to 40-50
It DEG C comes out of the stove；600-650 DEG C of heat preservation 200-240min is heated to 350-380 DEG C/h rate again, filling is high immediately after heat preservation
Pure inert gas is cooled fast to 40-50 DEG C and comes out of the stove；
S3, processing: the blank after modifier treatment is successively carried out to half finishing processing, finishing processing, half fine grinding, drilling, essence
Milling Machining, spline processing；
S4, Nitrizing Treatment: by the blank after processing first under action of low-voltage pulse in 530-550 DEG C of Nitrizing Treatment 8-12h, then exist
Mechanical main shaft finished product is made in 570-600 DEG C of Nitrizing Treatment 5-8h, and wherein nitriding furnace pressure is-(0.05-0.01) MPa, nitriding
Layer is with a thickness of 0.08-0.12mm；The nitriding medium of the Nitrizing Treatment is nitrogen+ammonia, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:(1.5-5).
2. the processing technology of mechanical main shaft according to claim 1, which is characterized in that action of low-voltage pulse described in step S4
Mode are as follows: vacuumize 30-40min after inflation 30-40min.
3. the processing technology of mechanical main shaft according to claim 1, which is characterized in that half finishing processing described in step S3
Specifically comprises the processes of: size, the vehicle conical surface, taper hole, bores each hole of big end surface at holes drilled through, and outer circle reserves the processing of 3mm-5mm
Surplus, the vehicle conical surface reserve the machining allowance of 0.6mm-1mm, the machining allowance of remaining reserved 0.3mm-0.5mm, overall surface is slightly made
Degree is 0.5-0.7mm.
4. the processing technology of mechanical main shaft according to claim 1, which is characterized in that half fine grinding described in step S3
Specifically comprises the processes of: half fine cylindrical, taper hole, outer circle reserve the machining allowance of 1mm-2mm, and taper hole reserves 0.4mm-0.6mm's
Machining allowance.
5. the processing technology of mechanical main shaft according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step sl, the alloy pig
Component and mass percent are as follows: C:0.2-0.5%, Si:0.1-0.3%, Mn:0.05-0.4%, Al:0.8-2%, Cr:
1.2-2.5%, Ni:0.01-0.08%, Mo:0.15-0.3%, surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity.
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| CN112025202A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-12-04 | 广东粤江鸿锐电力科技发展有限公司 | Method for repairing straight gear |
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| CN104002111A (en) * | 2014-05-27 | 2014-08-27 | 安徽蓝德集团股份有限公司 | Machining center main shaft taper hole machining technology |
| CN106624671A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-10 | 徐玉明 | Processing technology for shaft parts |
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| CN1073490A (en) * | 1991-12-19 | 1993-06-23 | 航空航天工业部南方动力机械公司 | A kind of no nitride layer (bright layer) gas nitriding technology |
| JPH06246548A (en) * | 1993-02-24 | 1994-09-06 | Nippon Steel Corp | Manufacture of high contact-fatigue strength gear |
| CN1226610A (en) * | 1998-02-18 | 1999-08-25 | 佛山市长茂经贸有限公司 | Process and apparatus for heat treatment |
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