CN108746170A - A kind of method of pteridophyte restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal - Google Patents
A kind of method of pteridophyte restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal Download PDFInfo
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- CN108746170A CN108746170A CN201810856126.7A CN201810856126A CN108746170A CN 108746170 A CN108746170 A CN 108746170A CN 201810856126 A CN201810856126 A CN 201810856126A CN 108746170 A CN108746170 A CN 108746170A
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- pteridophyte
- soil
- heavy metal
- heavy
- restoration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of pteridophyte restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, include the following steps：Pteridophyte Lycopersicum esculentum, prepare the heavy-metal contaminated soil of various concentration gradient, transplanting, it is daily manage and protect, harvesting processing, the content of beary metal in detection plant and in soil.The present invention is found by experiment that Herba Lysimachiae Fortunei, Pteris multifida all have the heavy metals such as Cd, Pb and As patience and absorb accumulation ability, wherein Herba Lysimachiae Fortunei is the super enriching plant of Pb heavy metals, Pteris multifida is the super enriching plant of As heavy metals, the heavy metal of the under ground portion of Herba Lysimachiae Fortunei and Pteris multifida enrichment is largely all transported to aerial part, heavy metal can be removed by gathering in, after ashing processing from soil, achievees the purpose that repairing polluted soil.Pteridophyte self-reproduction ability is strong, can set up vegetation ecosystem in a short time, and shade tolerance is strong, has Heavy Metal Tolerance and accumulation ability, is easy to survive, cost is relatively low, and non-secondary pollution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to heavy metal-polluted soil recovery technique field, specifically a kind of pteridophyte restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal
Method.
Background technology
Heavy metal pollution of soil is mainly caused by 8 Heavy Metallic Elements such as Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, Hg, As
Soil pollution.Heavy metal pollution of soil has the characteristics that concealment, chronicity and irreversibility.Harmful heavy metal accumulates in soil
To a certain extent, soil degradation, crop yield and quality decline are not only resulted in, but also can be made by runoff, leaching loss
With polluted surface water and underground water, deteriorate hydrological environment, and directly poisonous plant or food chain approach harmful to human may be passed through
Health, therefore, heavy metal pollution of soil are badly in need of administering.
Phytoremediation technology has been recognized by scientific circles and government department as a kind of emerging, efficient biological prosthetic approach
It can and select.It has small investment, efficient, and does not cause the multifrequency natures such as secondary pollution, in remediating heavy metal soil pollution
In show great potentiality.
Disclosing the plant polluted for repairing heavy metal in soil has Tephrosia candida, long root mushroom, T.lobayense Heim, bicyclic mushroom
Mushroom, Stropharia rugoso annulata, water fiber crops, wide leaf mountain wormwood artemisia, Pu root, sedge, Korea lawn grass, green bristlegrass, wild crowndaisy chrysanthemum, Conyza canadensis, dandelion,
Chinese knotweed herb, bidens pilosa, Thymifoious Euphorbia Herb, corn and soybean etc..As Chinese patent (application number 200610011078.9) authorizes
Disclose a kind of method using super enriching plant Tephrosia candida remediating lead-contaminated soil；Chinese patent (application number
200710049530.5) authorize disclose a kind of method of long root mushroom and T.lobayense Heim renovation of heavy metal polluted soil with combined；China
Patent (application number 200710049531.X) mandate discloses a kind of bicyclic mushroom and the ring cowling mushroom that wrinkles is united repairing heavy metal polluted
The method of soil；Chinese patent (application number 201110025413.1) mandate discloses water fiber crops in repairing heavy metal in soil cadmium pollution
In application；Chinese patent (application number 201110025443.2) discloses wide leaf mountain wormwood artemisia in repairing heavy metal in soil cadmium pollution
Application；Chinese patent (application number 201110050461.6) discloses Pu root answering in repairing heavy metal in soil cadmium pollution
With；Chinese patent (application number 200510032683.X) mandate discloses a kind of plant restoration method of heavy-metal contaminated soil；
Chinese patent (application number 200610051958.9) mandate discloses a kind of restorative procedure of heavy-metal contaminated soil；Chinese patent
(application number 200710070622.1), which authorizes, discloses being repaired in production for heavy metal species mild or moderate pollution vegetable field soil
Method；Chinese patent (application number 200810045743.5) mandate discloses a kind of repairing mine soil and Heavy Metals in Sludge is dirty
The method of dye；Chinese patent (application number 200710012922.4) discloses an a kind of utilization abundant plants butter weed reparation huge sum of money
Belong to the method for contaminated soil；Chinese patent (application number 200710157384.8), which discloses, a kind of to be repaiied using abundant plant dandelion
The method of multiple heavy-metal contaminated soil；Chinese patent (application number 200910309123.2) mandate discloses Chinese knotweed herb and is repairing
Application in the heavy metal cadmium of mine soil and sludge；Chinese patent (application number 200610047846.6) mandate discloses
A method of utilizing feverfew cadmium pollution soil repair；Chinese patent (application number 200410027833.3) authorizes open
A kind of plant restoration method of heavy metal pollution of soil；Chinese patent (application number 200710047489.8) discloses a plant
The method of object-microbial association orientation restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal；Chinese patent (application number 200410015561.5) is open
A kind of plant restoration method of heavy metal pollution farming land.
Pteridophyte type is more, and distribution is wide, is the important composition ingredient of forest cover middle herbaceous layer and interlayer plants.China
About 2600 kinds of pteridophyte, pteridophyta spore quantity is big, and the history of life is shorter, has very strong environmental suitability.Pteridophyte
Or environment indicator plant, research shows that pteridophyte has potentially in heavy metal adsorption, water body purification, afforestation etc.
Application value is a kind of excellent adversity resistant plant, has broad application prospects in restoration of the ecosystem.
The prior art is less for the research for carrying out heavy metal-polluted soil reparation using pteridophyte, and there has been no a kind of complete
Effective method can give full play to application of the pteridophyte in terms of repairing heavy metal pollution.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems, propose a kind of side of pteridophyte repairing heavy metal in soil pollution
Method.
In order to reach above-mentioned technical purpose, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
A kind of method of pteridophyte restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, the described method comprises the following steps：
（1）Pteridophyte Lycopersicum esculentum：The pteridophyte of acquisition is subjected to sporogenesis or division propagation；
（2）Prepare the heavy-metal contaminated soil of various concentration gradient：The heavy metal-polluted transfection reagent of prepared various concentration is sprayed
It is spread across in soil, stirs evenly, be seated in planting pot；
（3）Transplanting：Upgrowth situation is good, growing way is consistent pteridophyte seedling is transplanted in planting pot；
（4）It is daily to manage and protect：It in pteridophyte growth period, loosens the soil in due course, carries out pouring maintenance with the water of equivalent every time, and carry out
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
（5）Harvesting processing and detection：After plantation 6 months, pteridophyte is dug out, aerial part and under ground portion are carried out respectively
Ashing is handled, and measures the content of beary metal in plant, while detecting the content of beary metal in soil.
Preferably, the step（1）Middle pteridophyte is one kind or two kinds of Herba Lysimachiae Fortunei, Pteris multifida.
Preferably, the step（1）Miospore breed the step of be：Pick the ripe pteridophyte leaf of sporangium
The ripe spore of vacuum side of blade is collected into kraft paper bag by piece after drying in the shade, and spore is equably sprinkling upon equipped with disinfection matrix
Basin in, after newborn sporinite is gradually grown up, gametophyte is withered, be transplanted in cultivation matrix.
Preferably, the step（1）Middle propagation by division is suitable for that sporangium is few or asporogenic pteridophyte, step
For：Fern rhizome is divided into independent plants using cutter, when plant division, does not damage growing point, each independent plants need to carry root and
Leaf is transplanted in cultivation matrix.
Preferably, the step（2）Middle heavy metal is the mixture of one or more of Cd, Pb, As.
In the present invention, it is found by experiment that Herba Lysimachiae Fortunei, Pteris multifida all have patience and suction to heavy metals such as Cd, Pb and As
Accumulation ability is received, wherein Herba Lysimachiae Fortunei is the super enriching plant of Pb heavy metals, and Pteris multifida is the super enriching plant of As heavy metals, gold
The under ground portion of chicken feet and Pteris multifida enrichment heavy metal largely is all transported to aerial part, by gathering in, ashing processing
After heavy metal can be removed from soil, achieve the purpose that repairing polluted soil.Pteridophyte can be applied to heavy metal pollution
Serious side slope restoring area, can set up vegetation ecosystem in a short time, compared to other draft quilt, mostly normal
It green kind, remains to keep green landscape in winter, while its self-reproduction ability is strong, shade tolerance is strong, and has certain heavy metal
Patience, absorption heavy metal ability is stronger, is easy to survive, cost is relatively low, and non-secondary pollution.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make those skilled in the art more fully understand technical scheme of the present invention, below in conjunction with specific implementation
Example, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described.
Embodiment 1：Herba Lysimachiae Fortunei restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal
Herba Lysimachiae Fortunei vacuum side of blade generates a large amount of spores, therefore by sporogenesis expand numerous, is cultivated in greenhouse, then
The consistent plant of growth selection situation is transplanted respectively into various concentration gradient Cd, Pb and As contaminated soil, wherein Cd pollutions
Various concentration is set as 0,50,100,150 mg kg-1, it is denoted as A0, A1, A2, A3 respectively；Pb pollution various concentrations are set as 0,600,
1200、1800 mg kg-1, it is denoted as B0, B1, B2, B3 respectively；As pollution various concentrations are set as 0,300,600,900 mg kg-1,
It is denoted as C0, C1, C2, C3 respectively, 5 basins of each pollution processing plant 2 per basin, 3 repetitions, after 6 months, by Herba Lysimachiae Fortunei from dirt
It is removed in dye soil, ashing processing measures above-ground plant parts, under ground portion content of beary metal and heavy metal content in soil.
Transfer ratio（TF）=aboveground vegetation part contents of heavy metal elements/under ground portion contents of heavy metal elements of the same race.Turn
It is bigger to move coefficient, shows that heavy metal is stronger from root system to above-ground organs turn-over capacity.
Concentration coefficient（BCF）=plant in-vivo heavy metal content/heavy metal content in soil.Concentration coefficient can reflect plant pair
The enrichment of heavy metal and absorbability.
Experimental result is as follows：
1 Herba Lysimachiae Fortunei of table is to the repair under different heavy metal pollutions processing
According to table 1 it is found that Herba Lysimachiae Fortunei is 0.62 ~ 0.82 to the concentration coefficient of Cd, transfer ratio is 0.87 ~ 1.19, shows golden pheasant
Foot has Cd certain enrichment, and the heavy metal being enriched with is most of all to aerial part transfer, but is also not up to super enrichment
The requirement of plant；
Herba Lysimachiae Fortunei is 0.52 ~ 1.10 to the concentration coefficient of Pb, and transfer ratio is 0.65 ~ 1.09, when B3 is handled, reaches super enrichment
The requirement of plant：Concentration coefficient>1, transfer ratio>1, the content that Pb is absorbed>1000 mg kg-1, illustrate that Herba Lysimachiae Fortunei is Pb weights
The super enriching plant of metal, the soil remediation effect seriously polluted to Pb are good；
Herba Lysimachiae Fortunei is 0.74 ~ 1.01 to the concentration coefficient of As, and transfer ratio is 0.86 ~ 1.14, when C2 is handled, reaches super enrichment
The requirement of plant：Concentration coefficient>1, transfer ratio>1, the content that plant absorbs As>1000 mg kg-1, illustrate Herba Lysimachiae Fortunei
It is the super enriching plant of As heavy metals, but when C3 is handled, concentration coefficient is reduced to 0.76, and transfer ratio also reduces, and illustrates As mistakes
Amount can be to inhibiting absorption and transfer of the Herba Lysimachiae Fortunei to As, it is impossible to be used in repairs the seriously polluted soil of As.
Embodiment 2：Pteris multifida restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal
The sporangium that Pteris multifida generates is few, and root-like stock is coarse, therefore uses division propagation, is cultivated in greenhouse, so
The consistent experiment material of growth selection situation afterwards is transplanted respectively into various concentration gradient Cd, Pb and As contaminated soil, wherein
Cd processing various concentrations are set as 0,50,100,150 mg kg-1, it is denoted as A0, A1, A2, A3 respectively；Pb processing various concentrations are set as
0、600、1200、1800 mg kg-1, it is denoted as B0, B1, B2, B3 respectively；As processing various concentrations are set as 0,300,600,900 mg
kg-1, it is denoted as C0, C1, C2, C3 respectively, each to handle 5 basins, after 6 months, Pteris multifida is moved from contaminated soil for 3 repetitions
It walks, ashing processing measures aerial part, under ground portion content of beary metal and heavy metal content in soil.
Transfer ratio（TF）=aboveground vegetation part contents of heavy metal elements/under ground portion contents of heavy metal elements of the same race.Turn
It is bigger to move coefficient, shows that heavy metal is stronger from root system to above-ground organs turn-over capacity.
Concentration coefficient（BCF）=plant in-vivo heavy metal content/heavy metal content in soil.Concentration coefficient can reflect plant pair
The enrichment of heavy metal and absorbability.
Experimental result is as follows：
2 Pteris multifida of table is to the repair under different heavy metal pollutions processing
According to table 2 it is found that Pteris multifida is 0.60 ~ 0.80 to the concentration coefficient of Cd, transfer ratio is 0.65 ~ 1.07, shows well
Column side grass has Cd certain enrichment, and the heavy metal being enriched with is most of to aerial part transfer, but is also not up to super rich
Collect the requirement of plant；
Pteris multifida is 0.40 ~ 0.46 to the concentration coefficient of Pb, and transfer ratio is 0.42 ~ 0.65, shows Pteris multifida to Pb
Have certain enrichment, and the heavy metal being enriched with is most of is shifted to aerial part, but its to the accumulation ability of Pb less than pair
The accumulation ability of Cd；
Pteris multifida is 0.94 ~ 1.23 to the concentration coefficient of As, and transfer ratio is 0.97 ~ 1.14, when C2 is handled, reaches super richness
Collect the requirement of plant：Concentration coefficient>1, transfer ratio>1, the content that plant absorbs As>1000 mg kg-1, illustrate curb
Side grass is the super enriching plant of As heavy metals, good to the repairing effect of As contaminated soils.
In summary 2 embodiments, Herba Lysimachiae Fortunei and Pteris multifida have Cd, Pb and As certain accumulation ability, and rich
The heavy metal of collection is most of all to be shifted to aerial part, and wherein Herba Lysimachiae Fortunei has stronger patience and accumulation ability to Pb, is Pb
Super enriching plant；Pteris multifida has stronger patience and accumulation ability to As, is the super enriching plant of As.Carrying out soil remediation
In the process, the methods of sporogenesis, propagation by division can be taken expand numerous, then plant in contaminated area, wait for pteridophyte
After spore maturation, harvesting is enriched the pteridophyte of plurality of heavy metal, carries out ashing processing, can be by the heavy metal band in soil
From contaminated area, achieve the purpose that rehabilitating soil, while ripe spore can be bred, cultivate a large amount of pteridophytes, uses
Reparation in other contaminated areas.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its
Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method of pteridophyte restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, the described method comprises the following steps：
（1）Pteridophyte Lycopersicum esculentum：The pteridophyte of acquisition is subjected to sporogenesis or division propagation；
（2）Prepare the heavy-metal contaminated soil of various concentration gradient：The heavy metal-polluted transfection reagent of prepared various concentration is sprayed
It is spread across in soil, stirs evenly, be seated in planting pot；
（3）Transplanting：Upgrowth situation is good, growing way is consistent pteridophyte seedling is transplanted in planting pot；
（4）It is daily to manage and protect：It in pteridophyte growth period, loosens the soil in due course, carries out pouring maintenance with the water of equivalent every time, and carry out
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
（5）Harvesting processing and detection：After plantation 6 months, pteridophyte is dug out, aerial part and under ground portion are carried out respectively
Ashing is handled, and measures the content of beary metal in plant, while detecting the content of beary metal in soil.
2. a kind of method of pteridophyte restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Step（1）Middle pteridophyte is one kind or two kinds of Herba Lysimachiae Fortunei, Pteris multifida.
3. a kind of method of pteridophyte restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Step（1）Miospore propagation steps are：The ripe pteridophyte blade of sporangium is picked, by vacuum side of blade after drying in the shade
Ripe spore is collected into kraft paper bag, spore is equably sprinkling upon in the basin equipped with disinfection matrix, when newborn sporinite by
It gradually grows up, after gametophyte is withered, is transplanted in cultivation matrix.
4. a kind of method of pteridophyte restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Step（1）Middle propagation by division is suitable for that sporangium is few or asporogenic pteridophyte, step are：Using cutter by fern root
Stem is divided into independent plants, and when plant division does not damage growing point, and each independent plants need to carry root and leaf, be transplanted in cultivation matrix.
5. a kind of method of pteridophyte restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Step（2）Middle heavy metal pollution is the mixture of one or more of Cd, Pb, AS.
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Application publication date: 20181106 |