CN108735782B - 一种基于oled的光电传感器的垂直集成结构 - Google Patents

一种基于oled的光电传感器的垂直集成结构 Download PDF

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CN108735782B
CN108735782B CN201810358409.9A CN201810358409A CN108735782B CN 108735782 B CN108735782 B CN 108735782B CN 201810358409 A CN201810358409 A CN 201810358409A CN 108735782 B CN108735782 B CN 108735782B
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photoelectric sensor
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王凯
许忆彤
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Foshan Shunde Sun Yat-Sen University Research Institute
Sun Yat Sen University
SYSU CMU Shunde International Joint Research Institute
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Sun Yat Sen University
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    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H10K59/00Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/60OLEDs integrated with inorganic light-sensitive elements, e.g. with inorganic solar cells or inorganic photodiodes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
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    • G09G3/3225Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2360/00Aspects of the architecture of display systems
    • G09G2360/14Detecting light within display terminals, e.g. using a single or a plurality of photosensors
    • G09G2360/141Detecting light within display terminals, e.g. using a single or a plurality of photosensors the light conveying information used for selecting or modulating the light emitting or modulating element
    • G09G2360/142Detecting light within display terminals, e.g. using a single or a plurality of photosensors the light conveying information used for selecting or modulating the light emitting or modulating element the light being detected by light detection means within each pixel

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于OLED的光电传感器垂直集成结构,包括驱动单个OLED像素单元的OLED驱动电路,所述OLED驱动电路包括多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管,所述多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管作为显示选址开关TFT与显示驱动TFT连接,所述多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管的顶栅集成了使所述多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管工作于亚阈值区域的光电传感器从而构成有源像素图像传感器,所述光电传感器设置于OLED像素单元的非显示区域中,所述多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管设置于所述光电传感器的下方。通过垂直集成保持了OLED像素单元的开口率,不影响屏幕的显示性能,同时采用有源像素图像传感器对信号进行内部放大,提高了屏下进行光电探测的灵敏度和信噪比。

Description

一种基于OLED的光电传感器的垂直集成结构
技术领域
本发明涉及OLED光电集成结构领域,特别是一种基于OLED的光电传感器的垂直集成结构。
背景技术
目前屏下指纹识别广泛应用于移动手机终端上,相比传统的指纹识别方案,屏下指纹识别省去独立指纹识别模块对手机内部空间的占用,腾出空间来进一步减小手机的厚度。
屏下指纹识别通常采用光学指纹识别方案,即通过光电传感器获取指纹特征,当前已有的集成了光学传感的OLED技术中,光电传感器仍占用了一定的显示区域,使得屏幕开口率下降、屏幕无法做得轻薄,而且由于是外置的电流放大器,也会使得信噪比降低,使其灵敏度不高,从而对屏幕的显示效果和指纹识别性能造成影响。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明以集成了光电传感器的多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管为基础,替换OLED驱动电路中的显示选址开关TFT,保持了OLED显示单元的开口率,同时这种有源像素图像传感器结构代替传统的外置的光电传感器,提高了信噪比和灵敏度。
本发明解决其问题所采用的技术方案是:
一种基于OLED的光电传感器的垂直集成结构,包括驱动单个OLED像素单元的OLED驱动电路,所述OLED驱动电路包括多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管,所述多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管作为显示选址开关TFT与显示驱动TFT连接,所述多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管的顶栅集成了使所述多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管工作于亚阈值区域的光电传感器从而构成有源像素图像传感器,所述光电传感器设置于OLED像素单元的非显示区域中,所述多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管设置于所述光电传感器的下方。
进一步,所述多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管包括四个端口,分别为从所述光电传感器的阳极引出的偏置端、从所述多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管的底栅引出的选择端、从所述多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管的源极引出的像素端和从所述多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管的漏极引出的数据端。
进一步,所述像素端连接显示驱动TFT的栅极。
进一步,所述OLED驱动电路为2T1C结构。
进一步,所述光电传感器为PIN型光电二极管。
进一步,所述多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管为P型多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管。
进一步,所述OLED像素单元为顶部发光的单层结构。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明使用顶栅集成了光电传感器的多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管,即有源像素图像传感器,代替显示选址开关TFT,并将光电传感器设置于OLED像素单元的非显示区域,对显示区域没有影响,因此能够在不影响像素开口率的情况下实现光学探测传感,另外,由于有源像素图像传感器工作在亚阈值区域,光学探测传感信号在像素单元内部进行放大,提高了光电探测的信噪比和灵敏度;本发明在结构上仅对显示选址开关TFT进行替换,不改变显示驱动TFT和OLED驱动电路的其他TFTs,生产兼容性高,实现成本低。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
图1是本发明实施例的OLED像素单元结构示意图;
图2是本发明实施例的垂直集成PIN光电二极管的OLED驱动电路图。
具体实施方式
多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管相较于传统的多晶硅薄膜晶体管,在结构上具有两个栅极,分为顶部栅极(下面简称顶栅)和底部栅极(下面简称底栅)。
OLED驱动电路具有多种结构,其最基本的结构是2T1C,具体来说即具有两个TFT单元和一个电容,两个TFT单元按功能划分分别为显示选址开关TFT和显示驱动TFT,其余OLED驱动电路结构如3T1C、4T2C或5T2C等结构均在2T1C基础上增加相应的器件。
OLED像素单元在发光平面上,包括显示区域和非显示区域,显示区域即颜色发光区域,非显示区域即用于设置配线或驱动晶体管等的不发光区域。
参照图1和图2,为OLED屏幕的基础结构,包括玻璃基底1、OLED发光层2、遮罩层3、TFT电路层4、显示选址开关TFT5、显示驱动TFT6和光电传感器7,其中显示选址开关TFT5相当于顶部栅极集成有源像素图像传感器的多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管,包括顶栅51、底栅52、漏极53和源极54。
以图1和图2中的2T1C的OLED驱动电路结构为例,其中虚线箭头表示从指纹反射回来的光线的方向;一种基于OLED的光电传感器的垂直集成结构,针对传统的OLED驱动电路的显示选址开关TFT5进行垂直集成,即使用顶部栅极集成光电传感器7的多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管替换显示选址开关TFT5;具体来说,所述OLED驱动电路包括多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管,所述多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管作为显示选址开关TFT5与显示驱动TFT6连接,所述多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管的顶栅51集成了使所述多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管工作于亚阈值区域的光电传感器7从而构成有源像素图像传感器,所述光电传感器7设置于OLED像素单元的非显示区域中,所述光电传感器7下面设置所述OLED驱动电路的其他部分,与所述光电传感器7之间成垂直结构关系,简称垂直集成,因此所述光电传感器7在非显示区域内能够实现大面积覆盖,从而捕获更多来自指纹的反射光,不占用OLED像素单元的显示区域,保持了OLED像素单元的开口率。
所述多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管具有四个端口,分别为从光电传感器7的阳极引出来的偏置端Bias、从所述多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管的底部栅极引出来的选择端Select、从所述多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管的源极54引出来的像素端Pixel以及从所述多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管的漏极53引出来的数据端Data。所述像素端连接显示驱动TFT6的栅极。
有源像素图像传感器指在器件内部已经集成了放大器,当有源像素图像传感器的工作点设置在亚阈值区时,有源像素图像传感器对信号具有放大作用,此时输入电压的一点点变化便能引起输出电流的很大变化。上述情况下当有光打到光电传感器7时,光电传感器7产生相应的电流,并通过多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管的顶栅51来控制驱动显示TFT,相当于改变驱动显示TFT的输入电压,对应地,输出电流便也会跟着改变,而且由于有源像素图像传感器工作在亚阈值区,这样输出的信号是已经经过放大了的信号;而与有源像素图像传感器对应的无源像素图像传感PPS(PassivePixelSensor),其放大器设置在器件的外部,此时信号进入到放大器的途中会遇到很多噪音比如来自线路的噪音,信噪比受到影响,而有源像素图像传感器在内部已经对信号进行放大了,所以信噪比高于传统的无源像素图像传感PPS,因而具有更高的灵敏度。
本发明所使用的光电传感器7可以是PIN型光电二极管、MIS型(金属-绝缘体-半导体)光电二极管、光电导器件和肖特基光电二极管等中的一种;双栅多晶硅薄膜晶体管可以是P型也可以是N型;OLED像素单元的结构可以是顶部发光或底部发光的单层结构、双层结构、三层结构或多层结构;OLED驱动电路可以是2T1C、3T1C、4T2C或5T2C等结构;OLED驱动电路中的驱动显示TFT也可以基于氧化物半导体、非晶半导体或有机半导体等。
本实施例通过垂直集成保持了OLED像素单元的开口率,对比传统的外部集成光电传感器的OLED(驱动电路占用一部分非显示区域),本发明实现大面积显示,甚至可以做到非显示区域的全覆盖,并且不影响屏幕的显示性能,同时采用有源像素图像传感器对信号进行内部放大,提高了屏下进行光电探测的灵敏度和信噪比,对屏下光学指纹识别有重要作用。
以上所述,只是本发明的较佳实施例而已,本发明并不局限于上述实施方式,只要其以相同的手段达到本发明的技术效果,都应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (7)

1.一种基于OLED的光电传感器的垂直集成结构,包括驱动单个OLED像素单元的OLED驱动电路,其特征在于:所述OLED驱动电路包括多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管,所述多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管作为显示选址开关TFT与显示驱动TFT连接,所述多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管的顶栅集成了使所述多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管工作于亚阈值区域的光电传感器从而构成有源像素图像传感器,所述光电传感器设置于OLED像素单元的非显示区域中,所述多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管设置于所述光电传感器的下方,所述显示驱动TFT同时位于所述光电传感器和OLED像素单元的遮罩层下方,且所述多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管和所述显示驱动TFT均与OLED像素单元的玻璃基底连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于OLED的光电传感器的垂直集成结构,其特征在于:所述多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管包括四个端口,分别为从所述光电传感器的阳极引出的偏置端、从所述多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管的底栅引出的选择端、从所述多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管的源极引出的像素端和从所述多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管的漏极引出的数据端。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种基于OLED的光电传感器的垂直集成结构,其特征在于:所述像素端连接显示驱动TFT的栅极。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于OLED的光电传感器的垂直集成结构,其特征在于:所述OLED驱动电路为2T1C结构。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于OLED的光电传感器的垂直集成结构,其特征在于:所述光电传感器为PIN型光电二极管。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于OLED的光电传感器的垂直集成结构,其特征在于:所述多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管为P型多晶硅双栅薄膜晶体管。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于OLED的光电传感器的垂直集成结构,其特征在于:所述OLED像素单元为顶部发光的单层结构。
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