CN108731807B - Spectrum imaging system for realizing large field of view by adopting variable-diameter fiber field splitter - Google Patents

Spectrum imaging system for realizing large field of view by adopting variable-diameter fiber field splitter Download PDF

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CN108731807B
CN108731807B CN201810299556.3A CN201810299556A CN108731807B CN 108731807 B CN108731807 B CN 108731807B CN 201810299556 A CN201810299556 A CN 201810299556A CN 108731807 B CN108731807 B CN 108731807B
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field
view
groups
view field
output terminal
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CN108731807A (en
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郑玉权
王龙
高明辉
纪振华
韦跃峰
薛浩
蔺超
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Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics of CAS
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Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics of CAS
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/28Investigating the spectrum
    • G01J3/2823Imaging spectrometer
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02Details
    • G01J3/0289Field-of-view determination; Aiming or pointing of a spectrometer; Adjusting alignment; Encoding angular position; Size of measurement area; Position tracking
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02Details
    • G01J3/04Slit arrangements slit adjustment

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  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a spectral imaging system for realizing a large field of view by adopting a variable-diameter fiber field splitter, wherein a front telescopic optical system is used for collecting large field of view spectral information at a focal plane of the front telescopic optical system; the variable-diameter optical fiber view field splitter comprises a plurality of groups of input terminal view fields, a plurality of groups of output terminal view field groups and variable-diameter optical fiber bundles, wherein a large-size linear view field of the front telescopic imaging system is split into the plurality of groups of input terminal view fields and recombined in the plurality of groups of output terminal view field groups, and the plurality of groups of output terminal view field groups are connected with the spectral light splitting system; and the spectrum light splitting system is used for carrying out image view field splicing on the spectrum imaging bands of the multiple groups of output terminal view field groups to form complete large view field imaging spectrum information. The invention can optically divide and recombine the large view field into small view field groups, reduces the requirement of the large-size line view field on the size of the spectrum detection system, and is convenient for the miniaturization of the light splitting element and the detector element and the integration of the imaging spectrum system.

Description

Spectrum imaging system for realizing large field of view by adopting variable-diameter fiber field splitter
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of imaging spectrums, in particular to a spectrum imaging system for realizing a large field of view by adopting a variable-diameter fiber field splitter.
Background
The degree of social informatization is continuously improved at present, and space remote sensing information becomes an important social and economic resource. The detection and development in the fields of aviation mapping, environmental monitoring, resource detection and the like, which are related to the completion of the monitoring tasks of the nationality, are established on the basis of space remote sensing information. Conventional satellite and high-altitude aerial remote sensing play an important role in earth observation, but emergency dynamic investigation and monitoring with high resolution and fast time requirements cannot meet the requirements of application. From the perspective of application requirements, improving the field observation range of the imaging spectrometer is an effective technical means for solving the problem of obtaining information with high time resolution and high spatial resolution, and has important social, economic and strategic significance for establishing and perfecting a remote sensing multilayer earth-facing observation system in China.
In order to obtain the spectral information of the ground object with a large field of view, a new requirement needs to be put on an imaging mode or a detection element. At present, the commonly used large-field spectrometer systems are roughly divided into three categories, namely a spectral imaging system for acquiring a large field of view in a scanning imaging mode, a spectral imaging system for acquiring a large field of view by a large-size detector in a push-broom imaging mode, and a spectral imaging system for cutting the field of view through a knife edge and detecting in different fields of view in the push-broom imaging mode. The imaging spectrum system generally has higher requirements on ground resolution, and although the detection field of view of the system can be improved in a scanning imaging mode, the rotation precision of a scanning mechanism is limited, and the high ground resolution requirement is difficult to realize. In the push-broom mode, two-dimensional ground space information is imaged synchronously, the corresponding relation between the detector and the ground is relatively fixed, the problem of relative ground registration does not exist, the staring time is long, and the data signal-to-noise ratio is high, so that the method is a relatively main technical means at present. The large field of view and the high ground resolution require the large linear scale of the image plane of the telescopic system and the high sampling rate to meet the requirements at the same time. The direct mode is that the object plane of the spectrometer is directly optically registered with the image plane of the telescope system, so that the spatial dimension of the image plane of the spectrometer is required to be large and needs a high-performance large-size detector to realize the direct mode, and the cost of the detector is multiplied along with the increase of the requirement of an observation field, and even the direct mode cannot be obtained technically. Another mode in the push-broom mode is a technical means for realizing knife-edge division of a view field, the method needs a high-precision knife-edge reflector, and in addition, subsequent conditions that an optical system is large in space size and limited in arrangement space exist, the view field is further increased, and the scheme becomes abnormally complex, and the space size is multiplied or even cannot be realized. Therefore, the current technical scheme can only realize the observation requirement of a large visual field to a certain extent and cannot become a more ideal technical scheme under the condition that the resource requirement of an airborne or satellite-borne system is severe.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a spectral imaging system for realizing a large field of view by adopting a variable-diameter fiber field splitter.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the imaging spectrum system comprises a front telescopic optical system, a variable-diameter fiber visual field splitter and a spectrum light splitting system;
the front telescope optical system is used for collecting the large-field spectral information at the focal plane of the front telescope optical system;
the variable-diameter optical fiber view field splitter comprises an input end large view field and a plurality of groups of output terminal view field groups, wherein a large-size linear view field of the front telescopic imaging system enters through the input end large view field and is split into the plurality of groups of output terminal view field groups and is recombined in the plurality of groups of output terminal view field groups, the plurality of groups of output terminal view field groups are connected with the spectrum light splitting system, the view field splitting of optical fibers realizes the change of view field dimensions, and the variable-diameter optical fibers realize the change of sub view field dimensions;
and the spectrum light splitting system is used for carrying out image view field splicing on the spectrum imaging bands of the multiple groups of output terminal view field groups to form complete large view field imaging spectrum information.
The large input end view field consists of a plurality of groups of input terminal view fields, and each group of input terminal view fields is formed by regularly arranging the optical fiber end faces of a plurality of optical fibers.
The input terminal view field is freely divided and recombined into a plurality of groups of output terminal view field groups, wherein each group of output terminal view field group comprises an output terminal view field group 1, an output terminal view field group 2, an output terminal view field … and an output terminal view field group N, and the output terminal view field groups are arranged and recombined to form an equidistant sub view field arrangement structure. Each group of output terminal field groups can be respectively connected with the spectrum light splitting system to form the spectrum detection capability of a complete sub-field group.
The optical fiber adopts a variable diameter connection structure, the large-diameter optical fiber at the input end can be reduced to the small-diameter optical fiber at the output end, the scale of the spectral light splitting system is reduced, the input terminal view field is flexibly connected with the output terminal view field group through the optical fiber, and the synchronous detection of multiple groups of sub view fields in the view field group is realized through the spectral light splitting system.
The optical fibers consist of a plurality of variable-diameter optical fibers, the input end large view field and the output terminal view field group of the variable-diameter optical fiber view field splitter are optically connected, and the variable-diameter optical fibers can be realized by adopting optical fibers with different diameters through fusion splicing, optical fiber tapering and tapered optical fibers.
The spectrum light splitting system is a spectrum light splitting system of a multi-slit component.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method of field division is adopted to divide a linear large field into a plurality of input terminal fields, a plurality of input terminal field groups are recombined into a plurality of output terminal field groups, and the spectrum detection of the reduced scale is realized through the grouped detection of the sub-fields.
2. The optical fiber is adopted for field division and flexible optical path transmission, the optical structure can be arranged at will, and the designability is strong.
3. The structure of the variable-diameter optical fiber is adopted, the optical system has the function of reducing the caliber or increasing the caliber, the size reduction of the optical system is realized, and the optical matching with other optical pieces is easily realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a spectral imaging system for realizing a large field of view by using a variable-diameter fiber field splitter according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a variable diameter fiber optic field splitter.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a spectral imaging system using a variable diameter fiber optic field splitter to realize a large field of view, where the system includes: a front telescopic optical system 10, a variable diameter fiber visual field splitter 20 and a spectrum light splitting system 30.
The front telescopic optical system 10 is used for completing the collection of the large-field-of-view spectral information at the focal plane of the front telescopic optical system.
The variable-diameter fiber optic field splitter 20 includes an input end large field of view and a plurality of groups of output terminal field of view groups, the large-size linear field of view of the front telescopic imaging system enters through the input end large field of view and is split into the plurality of groups of output terminal field of view groups, and is recombined in the plurality of groups of output terminal field of view groups, that is, in the output terminal field of view group 1, the output terminal field of view group 2, the output terminal field of view groups 3 and …, and the output terminal field of view group N, and the plurality of groups of output terminal field of view groups are connected with the spectral splitting system 30.
And the spectrum light splitting system 30 is used for carrying out image view field splicing on the spectrum imaging bands of the multiple groups of output terminal view field groups to form complete large view field imaging spectrum information.
As shown in fig. 2, the input end large view field is composed of a plurality of groups of input terminal view fields, i.e., an input terminal view field 1, an input terminal view field 2, input terminal view fields 3 and …, and an output terminal view field group N, where each group of input terminal view fields is formed by regularly arranging optical fiber end faces 211 of a plurality of optical fibers.
As shown in fig. 2, the input terminal fields are freely divided and re-grouped into a plurality of output terminal field groups, where each output terminal field group includes an output terminal field group 1 and an output terminal field group 2 … …, and the output terminal field groups are arranged and re-grouped to form an equally spaced sub-field arrangement structure. In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, the output terminal view field group rearranges the view fields output by the input terminal view field groups.
As shown in fig. 1, each group of the output terminal field groups may be respectively connected to the spectrum splitting system to form a spectrum detection capability of a complete sub-field group, and the spectrum splitting system further includes a plurality of spectrum splitting systems such as a spectrum splitting system 1, a spectrum splitting system 2, and a spectrum splitting system 3.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the optical fiber 212 adopts a variable diameter connection structure to optically connect the input end large field of view and the output terminal field of view of the variable diameter fiber field splitter, and the variable diameter optical fiber can be implemented by fusion splicing, fiber tapering, and tapered optical fibers with different diameters. The large-diameter optical fiber at the input end can be reduced to the small-diameter optical fiber at the output end, the scale of the spectral light splitting system is reduced, the input terminal view field is flexibly connected with the output terminal view field group through the optical fiber, and the synchronous detection of multiple groups of sub view fields in the view field group is realized through the spectral light splitting system.
It should be noted that the variable diameter fiber optic field splitter 20 uses a fiber with a variable diameter to realize optical transmission, when the input end of the fiber uses a large diameter and the output end uses a small diameter, the front telescopic optical system 10 can realize high-efficiency light collection capability, and the subsequent spectral beam splitting system 30 can be designed in a small size, so that the volume and the weight can be greatly reduced. When the input end of the optical fiber adopts a small diameter mode and the output end adopts a large diameter mode, the front telescopic optical system 10 can realize a miniaturized design, and the subsequent spectrum light splitting system 30 is matched with a light splitting element and a detector, so that the optical compatibility is better.
The invention provides a method for realizing a large-field spectral imaging system by a variable-diameter fiber optic field splitter, which divides a large-line field in a front telescopic system into a plurality of sub-fields by optical fibers, and can adopt a two-slit or multi-slit spectrometer system for detection by rearrangement arrangement of the sub-fields; flexible detection of a plurality of spectrometer systems can be realized through the discrete detection of the sub-fields; the beam shrinking of the optical system is realized through the variable-diameter optical fiber, the volume of a subsequent detection system is reduced, and the design matching of a post-spectral light splitting system is improved. The scheme realizes the large-view-field cutting discrete detection, the multi-detection system and the multi-slit detection system are flexibly adopted, the flexible arrangement of the follow-up spectrum detection system is realized by utilizing the characteristic of optical fiber flexible connection, the spectrum detection mode is not limited, and the miniaturization of the follow-up spectrum detection system and the flexibility of matching a photoelectric detector are realized by the variable-diameter optical fiber. The invention adopts the flexible optical fiber field division system, so the application is more concise and convenient, and meanwhile, the invention has more adaptability because only the scheme of the field division system is explained and the structural forms of the telescopic optical system and the spectral splitting system are not specified.
The invention provides a spectral imaging system for realizing a large field of view by adopting a variable-diameter fiber field splitter. The variable-diameter view field divider can optically divide and recombine a large view field into small view field groups, reduces the requirement of a large-size line view field on the size of a subsequent spectral imaging system, facilitates detection by adopting small-size light splitting elements and detector elements, increases the view field observation range of the large-size detector under the limitation of foreign forbidden operation, and expands the large-view field optical detection capability and the closely related application field of the view field. The flexible discrete detection of the visual field reduces the size of a grating, an optical mirror, a detector and the like of a spectral light splitting core device, and realizes the miniaturization of an imaging spectrum system. The synchronous detection of a plurality of sub-fields can be realized through the arrangement of the sub-fields in the field group, the number and the scale of the spectrum light splitting system are reduced, and the spectrum detection is simple and easy to operate. The adoption of the variable-diameter optical fiber ideally replaces the function of a relay optical system, the function of beam shrinking of the optical system is realized through the change of the diameter of the optical fiber, the scale of a subsequent system is further reduced, the miniaturization of a spectral imaging system is realized, the diameter and the size of the optical fiber can be designed, and the high compatibility of matching with the front optical system and the rear optical system is realized.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made according to the technical idea of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A spectral imaging system for realizing a large field of view by adopting a variable-diameter fiber field splitter is characterized in that: the imaging spectrum system comprises a front telescopic optical system, a variable-diameter fiber visual field divider and a spectrum light splitting system;
the front telescope optical system is used for collecting the large-field spectral information at the focal plane of the front telescope optical system;
the variable-diameter optical fiber view field splitter comprises an input end large view field and a plurality of groups of output terminal view field groups, wherein a large-size linear view field of the front telescopic imaging system enters through the input end large view field and is split into the plurality of groups of output terminal view field groups, the large-size linear view field is recombined in the plurality of groups of output terminal view field groups, and the plurality of groups of output terminal view field groups are connected with the spectral light splitting system;
the spectrum light splitting system is used for carrying out image view field splicing on the spectrum imaging bands of the multiple groups of output terminal view field groups to form complete large view field imaging spectrum information; the large input end view field consists of a plurality of groups of input terminal view fields, and each group of input terminal view fields is formed by regularly arranging the optical fiber end faces of a plurality of optical fibers.
2. The spectral imaging system for achieving a large field of view with a variable diameter fiber optic field splitter of claim 1, wherein: the input terminal view field is freely divided and recombined into a plurality of groups of output terminal view field groups, wherein each group of output terminal view field group comprises an output terminal view field group 1, an output terminal view field group 2, an output terminal view field … and an output terminal view field group N, and the output terminal view field groups are arranged and recombined to form an equidistant sub view field arrangement structure.
3. The spectral imaging system for achieving a large field of view with a variable diameter fiber optic field splitter of claim 2, wherein: each group of output terminal field groups can be respectively connected with the spectrum light splitting system to form the spectrum detection capability of a complete sub-field group.
4. The spectral imaging system for achieving a large field of view with a variable diameter fiber optic field splitter of claim 1, wherein: the optical fiber adopts a variable diameter connection structure, the large-diameter optical fiber at the input end can be reduced to the small-diameter optical fiber at the output end, the scale of the spectral light splitting system is reduced, the input terminal view field is flexibly connected with the output terminal view field group through the optical fiber, and the synchronous detection of multiple groups of sub view fields in the view field group is realized through the spectral light splitting system.
5. The spectral imaging system of claim 1, wherein the optical fiber comprises a plurality of optical fibers with different diameters, and the input end large field of view and the output terminal field of view of the optical fiber field splitter are optically connected, and the optical fibers with different diameters can be realized by fusion, fiber tapering, and tapered optical fibers.
6. The spectral imaging system for achieving a large field of view with a variable diameter fiber optic field splitter of claim 1, wherein: the spectrum light splitting system is a spectrum light splitting system of a multi-slit component.
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