CN108731712B - 一种基于飞秒激光刻写波导的光纤线上马赫-曾德干涉仪 - Google Patents

一种基于飞秒激光刻写波导的光纤线上马赫-曾德干涉仪 Download PDF

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CN108731712B
CN108731712B CN201810516482.4A CN201810516482A CN108731712B CN 108731712 B CN108731712 B CN 108731712B CN 201810516482 A CN201810516482 A CN 201810516482A CN 108731712 B CN108731712 B CN 108731712B
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王东宁
张华�
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China Jiliang University
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    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35306Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
    • G01D5/35329Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using interferometer with two arms in transmission, e.g. Mach-Zender interferometer
    • GPHYSICS
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    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/3537Optical fibre sensor using a particular arrangement of the optical fibre itself
    • G01D5/35374Particular layout of the fiber

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种基于飞秒激光刻写波导的光纤线上马赫‑曾德干涉仪,包括宽带光源,传感头,光谱分析仪。其中传感头是由飞秒激光在已熔好的单模‑无芯‑单模光纤内刻写波导构成。其特征是:飞秒激光在已熔好的组合光纤内刻写三段波导。其中第一段波导是与纤芯夹角为1.5°的斜线,第二段波导为平行于纤芯的横线,第三段波导为与纤芯的夹角为1.5°的斜线。单模纤芯中的光会被第一段波导耦合入无芯光纤,经横线波导后,通过第三段波导耦合回单模纤芯。宽带光源的光通过传感头传输至光谱分析仪,形成马赫曾德干涉仪,测量透射光谱特征峰的波长或者强度漂移量,可计算出被测环境参数。本发明具有装置坚固、制备简单等特点,可用于温度、应变、折射率测量。

Description

一种基于飞秒激光刻写波导的光纤线上马赫-曾德干涉仪
技术领域
本发明提供了一种基于飞秒激光刻写波导的光纤线上马赫-曾德干涉仪,属于光纤传感技术。
背景技术
光纤传感器相对于传统传感器来说,其具有极高的灵敏度和分辨率,频带范围很宽,动态范围很大,不受电磁场干扰等优点,近年来在国防军事部、科研部门以及制造工业、能源工业、医疗等科学研究领域中都得到实际应用。传感器的发展趋势是灵敏、精确、适用性强、小巧和智能化。在众多光纤传感器中,基于马赫曾德的光纤传感器发展迅速,成为了光纤传感器研究领域的一个重要分支,广泛应用于结构内应变、应力、温度、压力、形变、振动和位移等物理量连续实时的安全检测,还可用于复合材料的固化状态的监测等。对于飞机、舰船、建筑等安全使用及完整性检测具有重要意义。目前,各种新颖的马赫曾德干涉仪及其制作方法也层出不穷,如基于内部具有空腔的微锥形光纤,错位熔接的光纤,光纤光栅和特种光纤等。以上所述均有很大不足,内置气腔设备很脆弱,坚固性差;光纤纤芯错位熔接其重复性难以实现,并且手动组装需要大量时间;光纤光栅写入过程复杂,成本较高,且其结构的不稳定性在一定程度上限制了其应用;特殊光纤价格昂贵。此外,它们的自由光谱范围(FSR)难以精确控制。为了克服这些缺点,我们需要采用新的技术来制作光纤传感器件。
飞秒激光辐射可以在二氧化硅材料内部的局部区域产生持久的正或负折射率改变,因此它可以用于在二氧化硅材料内部刻制波导。尽管二氧化碳激光和紫外激光曝光法均可用于制作二氧化硅材料中的光波导,但飞秒激光刻录法具有较高的精度和较好的表面光洁度。因此,飞秒激光有望在器件生产上有很大的潜力。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术不足,提供一种基于飞秒激光刻写波导的光纤线上马赫-曾德干涉仪,装置坚固、制备简单、成本低、体积小的特点,可应用于温度、应变、折射率的测量。
本发明解决技术问题所采取的技术方案为:基于飞秒激光刻写波导的光纤线上马赫-曾德干涉仪,包括宽带光源,传感头,光谱分析仪,其连接方式为:传感头一端与宽带光源连接,另一端和光谱分析仪相连接;其特征在于:所述的传感头,由飞秒激光在已经熔接好的单模-无芯-单模光纤内刻写波导构成。第一段波导是与纤芯夹角为1.50的斜线,第二段波导为平行于纤芯的横线,第三段波导为与纤芯的夹角为1.50 的斜线。三段波导结构刻写完成后,单模纤芯中的光会被第一段斜线波导耦合出来进入无芯光纤,并沿着第二段横向波导在无芯光纤内传播,最后通过第三段斜线波导耦合回单模纤芯。在制作的过程中,三段波导的长度均可调整,以形成马赫曾德干涉仪所需要的传输谱。
所述(单模)光纤其纤芯直径和光纤直径分别为9μm和125μm。
所述无芯光纤其光纤直径为125μm。
本发明与现有技术相比的有益效果是:
1、传感头选用价格低廉的普通单模光纤和无芯光纤,具有制作简单,成本低的优点。
2、传感头对于温度、应力、折射率都具有敏感性,可以用于对环境参数的同时测量。
3、传感头比较坚固,在应力测试方面量程较大。
4、传感头的制作易于控制,可以通过改变波导的长度有效地控制精确控制传感头自由光谱范围(FSR)。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或技术方案,下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
图1为本发明的实施应用系统示意图。
图2为本发明的传感头结构示意图。
图中, 1.宽带光源,2.传感头,3.光谱分析仪,4.单模光纤,4(a). 单模光纤纤芯,4(b).单模光纤包层,5.无芯光纤,6.第三段斜线波导和光纤纤芯的夹角,7.单模光纤,7(a). 单模光纤纤芯,7(b).单模光纤包层,8.第一段斜线波导和光纤纤芯的夹角,9.第一段斜线波导,10.第二段横线波导,11第三段斜线波导。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及实施实例对本发明作进一步描述:
图1所示为本发明的实施应用系统示意图,包括宽带光源1、传感头2、光谱分析仪3。其连接方式为:宽带光源1与传感头2的一端连接,传感头2的另一端与光谱分析仪3相连接。
图2所示为本发明传感头2的结构示意图,所述的传感头2,由单模光纤4、无芯光纤5、单模光纤7、第一段斜线波导9、第二段横线波导10和第三段斜线波导11构成。其中,单模光纤4包括单模光纤包层4(a),单模光纤纤芯4(b),单模光纤7包括单模光纤包层7(a),单模光纤纤芯7(b),第一段斜线波导和光纤纤芯的夹角为8,第三段斜线波导和光纤纤芯的夹角为6。
所述传感头2的制作方法及步骤是:第一步:熔接单模光纤4和无芯光纤5;第二步,将无芯光纤5切至需要长度;第三步,将无芯光纤5的另一端与单模光纤7熔接;第四步:利用飞秒激光在已经熔接好的单模光纤4-无芯光纤5交界处内刻写第一段斜线波导9,其长度为1.91mm,第一段斜线波导和光纤纤芯的夹角8为1.50;第五步:在无芯光纤内刻写第二段横线波导10,其长度为1.2mm;第三步:刻写第三段斜线波导11,使其长度为1.91mm,第三段斜线波导和光纤纤芯的夹角7为1.50,将光耦合进单模光纤纤芯7(a)。其中第一段斜线波导9、第三段斜线波导11其覆盖单模光纤纤芯4b和单模光纤纤芯6b各 100μm。在制作的过程中,我们可以通过调节三段波导的长度以及斜线波导和纤芯的夹角来改变该传感头的传输谱。在刻写波导期间,飞秒激光的能量调节为500nJ,扫描速度调整为10μm/s。
结合图1,2,介绍具体的工作原理:传感头2由飞秒激光在单模光纤4内刻写的三段相连的波导构成,传感头2接收来自宽带光源1发出的光束,此光束一部分在无芯光纤6中传输到单模光纤纤芯7(a),一部分沿着三段波导传输,在第三段斜线波导11的末端被耦合回单模光纤纤芯7(a),最后传输至光谱仪3中,以形成马赫曾德干涉仪的输出光谱。
以上所述的具体实施例,对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明,应被理解的是,以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (3)

1.一种基于飞秒激光刻写波导的光纤线上马赫-曾德干涉仪,包括宽带光源(1),传感头(2),光谱分析仪(3),其连接方式为:传感头(2)一端与宽带光源(1)连接,另一端和光谱分析仪(3)相连接;其特征在于:所述的传感头(2),由飞秒激光在已经熔接好的单模-无芯-单模光纤内刻写波导结构;
所述传感头(2)的制作方法及步骤是:第一步:熔接单模光纤(4)和无芯光纤(5);第二步:将无芯光纤(5)切至需要长度;第三步:将无芯光纤(5)的另一端与单模光纤(7)熔接;第四步:利用飞秒激光在已经熔接好的单模光纤(4)-无芯光纤(5)交界处内刻写第一段斜线波导(9);第五步:在无芯光纤(5)内刻写第二段横线波导(10);第六步:在已经熔接好的无芯光纤(5)-单模光纤(7)交界处内刻写第三段斜线波导(11);其中,第一段斜线波导(9)和第三段斜线波导(11)分别覆盖单模光纤纤芯(4a)和单模光纤纤芯(7a)各100μm;
所述的波导结构分为三段,第一段斜线波导(9)是与单模光纤纤芯(4a)夹角为1.5 0 的斜线,第二段横线波导(10)为平行于单模光纤纤芯(4a、7a)的横线,第三段斜线波导(11)为与单模光纤纤芯(7a)的夹角为1.5 0 的斜线;三段波导结构刻写完成后,单模光纤纤芯(4a)中的光会被第一段斜线波导(9)耦合出来进入无芯光纤(5),并沿着第二段横线波导(10)在无芯光纤(5)内传播,最后通过第三段斜线波导(11)耦合回单模光纤纤芯(7a);在制作的过程中,三段波导的长度均可调整,以形成马赫曾德干涉仪所需要的传输谱。
2.根据权利要求1所述基于飞秒激光刻写波导的光纤线上马赫-曾德干涉仪,其特征是:单模光纤纤芯(4a、7a)直径和光纤直径分别为9μm和125μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述基于飞秒激光刻写波导的光纤线上马赫-曾德干涉仪,其特征是:所述无芯光纤(5)其光纤直径为125μm。
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