CN108714631B - Twisting-extruding composite plastic deformation forming method and process device - Google Patents
Twisting-extruding composite plastic deformation forming method and process device Download PDFInfo
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- CN108714631B CN108714631B CN201810473725.0A CN201810473725A CN108714631B CN 108714631 B CN108714631 B CN 108714631B CN 201810473725 A CN201810473725 A CN 201810473725A CN 108714631 B CN108714631 B CN 108714631B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/001—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion to improve the material properties, e.g. lateral extrusion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
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Abstract
The invention provides a twisting-extruding composite plastic deformation forming method and a process device, belonging to the technical field of metal plastic processing. The invention combines the advantages of high-pressure torsion fine grains and extrusion forming, the blank is simultaneously subjected to the effects of high-pressure torsion and extrusion, the metal at the lower end of the blank is violently sheared to mechanically crush grains, and the temperature rise generated by plastic work and friction work simultaneously leads to dynamic recrystallization refinement and improvement of metal plasticity; the application of large extrusion force can help the metal to generate plastic flow, and further a high-performance component is obtained through corner deformation in a cavity of the process device, so that the formation and the forming of one process are accurately controlled. The process device mainly comprises: the device comprises a male die, a combined female die, a rolling bearing and a rotating head with a special shape. The invention has strong capability of refining crystal grains, and can avoid the growth of the crystal grains caused by the heating link of the blank by reducing the heating procedure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal plastic processing, and relates to a twisting-extruding composite plastic deformation forming method and a process device, in particular to a twisting-extruding composite plastic deformation forming method and a process device for processing high-performance plate/cylinder components.
Background
With the continuous research and development of advanced aircrafts such as large airplanes and large rockets, the development of an advanced forming method for realizing complex high-performance components is urgently needed to meet the urgent requirements of integral weight reduction and high reliability. For example, a typical cylinder part of a spacecraft has harsh environmental working conditions and certain requirements on bearing load, and is one of important structures influencing the weight and the operational reliability of a new model, and a high-strength light alloy is urgently needed to meet the requirements of high performance and weight reduction of the spacecraft. However, there are still limitations associated with metal extrusion processes in forming high performance plate/tube type components. The plate/barrel type component formed by the traditional forming process has relatively low performance and is difficult to meet the high performance requirement of aerospace components although the plate/barrel type component can be formed. Therefore, the search for new metal forming methods to obtain high-performance plate/cylinder type members is a problem to be solved urgently.
Fine grain strengthening is the main method for improving the strengthening and toughening effects of materials. Various strong plastic deformation technologies (such as corner extrusion, asymmetric rolling and the like) are developed at home and abroad to obtain superfine crystal tissues at micron and even nanometer levels. The plastic deformation technology is mostly used for preparing blanks with fine crystalline structures, and fine grains grow up in the subsequent hot forming (extrusion, forging and the like), so that the effect of preparing the fine crystalline structures by the plastic deformation technology is weakened or even disappears. The plastic deformation and torsion can obtain fine crystal structure, the extrusion meets the forming requirement, the former can ensure fine crystal strengthening performance, and the latter ensures the shape and size precision. Therefore, the invention comprehensively considers the advantages of two processes, provides a new method of 'twisting-extruding composite forming' to realize the accurate control of the 'formability' of a process, is hopeful to realize the forming of parts and simultaneously ensure the parts to have high strength and toughness performance, and further meets the requirements of integrated forming and weight reduction of complex components.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that high-performance plate/cylinder components are difficult to form by a traditional forming process, and provides a twisting-extruding composite plastic deformation forming method and a process device for processing the high-performance plate/cylinder components. The invention provides a novel method for twist-extrusion composite plastic deformation forming based on the principle of high-pressure twist plastic deformation and by combining the advantages of high-pressure twist plastic deformation fine grains and extrusion forming.
A twisting-extruding composite plastic deformation forming method is characterized in that: the blank is simultaneously subjected to the effects of high-pressure torsion and extrusion, metal at the lower end of the blank is violently sheared to enable crystal grains to be mechanically crushed, and meanwhile temperature rise generated by plastic work and friction work enables dynamic recrystallization refining and metal plasticity improvement; the application of large extrusion force can help the metal to generate plastic flow, and further a high-performance component is obtained through corner deformation in a cavity of the process device, so that the formation and the forming of one process are accurately controlled.
Further, the blank is extruded from scrap metal.
Furthermore, in order to avoid the heating speed difference between the process device and the blank and avoid the growth of crystal grains caused by long-time heating of the blank, the forming method can reduce the preheating temperature of the blank and the process device, and respectively preheat the device and the blank to the forming temperature T10.4 to 0.6 times of the total amount of the active ingredient. The extrusion process is completed in a constant temperature box, so that the temperature of the process device and the blank is always kept at the required temperature.
Furthermore, the extrusion billet is suitable for light metal materials which are difficult to deform, such as magnesium alloy, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy and the like.
The invention also provides a twisting-extruding composite plastic deformation forming process device, which comprises an upper assembly connected with the upper structure of the press machine, a lower assembly connected with the workbench, a male die and a combined female die. The upper assembly comprises an upper die holder, a base plate and an upper die holder sleeve which are connected with the upper structure of the press machine. The upper end of the male die is placed into the upper die base sleeve and is fixedly connected with the upper die base through the connecting mechanism. The combined female die comprises an upper female die and a lower female die, the lower assembly comprises a rotating head connected with the workbench, a rolling bearing and a lower template, and the combined female die is installed on the lower template. The rotating head is designed with a special shape to realize the mechanical crushing of crystal grains; the rolling bearing is arranged between the rotating head and the lower template, and certain gaps are reserved between the rotating head and the lower female die and between the rotating head and the lower template, so that the rotating head can rotate quickly; the lower concave die and the upper concave die jointly form a die cavity, and corners can be arranged in the die cavity to specifically form which type of component with complex characteristics mainly depends on the characteristics of the die cavity of the combined concave die.
The key parts (the rotating head and the combined female die part) of the twisting-extruding composite plastic deformation forming process device can be replaced by size or shape, and the combined female die with different sizes and shapes can be replaced to control different extrusion ratios, so that extrusion forming plates/cylinders of various sizes can be obtained, and the plastic deformation in the forming process can be effectively controlled.
Furthermore, in order to increase the contact area between the rotating head and the blank and better exert the effect of twisting, shearing and refining crystal grains, the upper surface of the rotating head is designed with a spiral working band, and the cross section of the rotating head is a triangle with an apex angle of 90-150 degrees.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the method has the advantages that the grain refining effect is obvious, the blank is simultaneously subjected to high-pressure torsion and extrusion, the metal at the lower end of the blank is violently sheared to enable grains to be mechanically crushed, and meanwhile, temperature rise generated by plastic work and friction work enables dynamic recrystallization refining.
(2) The crystal grain growth caused by the blank heating link can be avoided by shortening the heating process.
(3) The metal can be in a high hydrostatic pressure state through the extrusion action, so that a large plastic deformation amount can be obtained, a high-pressure rotating environment is formed by combining the extrusion action with the rotating shearing action, and a new way is provided for forming a high-performance member.
(4) Can be widely applied to the forming and manufacturing of plate/cylinder type components such as magnesium alloy, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a twisting-extruding composite plastic deformation forming process for a magnesium alloy cylindrical part in example 1;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a rotary head structure in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an extrusion billet in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the cartridge of example 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the end of twist-and-squeeze composite plastic deformation forming of a magnesium alloy cylindrical part of example 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the apparatus for twist-and-squeeze composite plastic deformation forming process of a magnesium alloy plate of example 2;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an extrusion billet in example 2;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a magnesium alloy panel member of example 2 at the end of the twist-and-squeeze composite ductile deformation process;
reference numeral 1: 1-rotating head, 2-lower template, 3-rolling bearing, 4-lower female die, 5-upper female die, 6-upper die seat sleeve, 7-backing plate, 8-upper template, 9-male die and 10-blank,
reference numeral 5: 1-rotating head, 2-lower template, 3-rolling bearing, 4-lower female die, 5-upper female die, 6-upper die seat sleeve, 7-backing plate, 8-upper template, 9-male die and 11-cylindrical piece,
reference numeral 6: 1-rotating head, 2-lower template, 3-rolling bearing, 4-lower female die, 5-upper female die, 6-upper die seat sleeve, 7-backing plate, 8-upper template, 9-male die, 10-blank, 12-lower die seat sleeve,
reference numeral 8: 1-rotating head, 2-lower template, 3-rolling bearing, 4-lower female die, 5-upper female die, 6-upper die seat sleeve, 7-backing plate, 8-upper template, 9-male die, 12-lower die seat sleeve and 13-plate-shaped part
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the embodiments include the forming of magnesium alloy cylindrical members and plates, which are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments, and the present invention is also generally applicable to aluminum alloys, titanium alloy plates/cylindrical members, and the like.
Example 1: a twisting-extruding composite plastic deformation forming method and a process device for a magnesium alloy cylindrical part are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, in the twisting-extruding composite plastic deformation forming process device for the magnesium alloy cylindrical part, an extrusion blank is cylindrical, and is shown in figure 3. The forming process device comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: the upper die base sleeve 6, the male die 9 and the backing plate 7 are fixed on the upper die plate 8 through bolts;
the second step is that: fixing the upper template 8 on a sliding block of a hydraulic machine, and fixing the lower template 2 on a workbench of the hydraulic machine;
the third step: installing a rolling bearing 3 in a groove of the lower template 2;
the fourth step: fixing the lower concave die 4 on the lower template 2;
the fifth step: the rotating head 1 is arranged on a rolling bearing 3 and is arranged in a die hole in the center of a lower female die 4;
and a sixth step: fixing the upper concave die 5 and the lower concave die 4;
the seventh step: preheating the blank 10 to 125-200 ℃ and preserving heat for 0.5h (homogenizing annealing treatment) to ensure that the crystal grains are distributed more uniformly. While heating the process apparatus to the same temperature as the ingot 10.
Eighth step: coating oil-based graphite as a lubricant on the surface of the blank 10 and the inner wall of the process device, placing the prepared blank 10 into a die cavity of the upper female die 5, and enabling the blank 10 to be in contact with the contact head on the upper surface of the rotating head 1;
the ninth step: the rotary head 1 is rotated at a certain angular velocity W1Rotating;
the tenth step: the punch 9 moves downwards to extrude the blank 10, the upper end of the blank 10 is extruded downwards by the punch 9, the blank 10 flows in the die channel to be extruded and deformed at the corner, the lower end of the blank 10 is subjected to the torsional shearing action of the rotating head 1, a fine grain structure can be obtained, and finally the magnesium alloy high-performance cylindrical part 11 is formed, as shown in fig. 5, fig. 4 is a finally formed cylindrical part.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the rotary head, in order to increase the contact area between the rotary head 1 and the blank 10 and better exert the effect of twisting, shearing and thinning crystal grains, a spiral working zone is designed on the upper surface of the rotary head 1, and the cross section is a triangle with an apex angle of 90-150 degrees. The high-pressure torsion plastic deformation drives the metal nearby the high-pressure torsion plastic deformation to generate severe plastic shearing through the rotating head 1, and a large amount of plastic work enables the temperature of the material to reach 250-400 ℃, wherein the severe shearing and the temperature rise can induce the mechanical crushing and the dynamic recrystallization refinement of crystal grains; the extrusion can fully utilize the good plasticity of high-pressure torsion and the refined grain formation to form the shape and the size with a fine grain structure. Therefore, the formability and the precise forming of the magnesium alloy high-performance cylindrical part can be realized, and the grain growth and the additional energy consumption caused by the heating link of the blank 10 can be avoided by reducing the heating process.
Example 2: referring to fig. 6, the present embodiment is described, and in the magnesium alloy plate twisting-extruding composite plastic deformation forming process apparatus, the extrusion blank is a square block, as shown in fig. 7. The combined female die of the embodiment consists of an upper female die 5 and a lower female die 4; the combined female die is fixed on the lower template 2 through the lower die seat sleeve 12, and when the blank 10 is extruded and formed, the extrusion speed is V2The rotating speed of the rotating head is W2The metal at the lower end of the blank 10 is twisted and sheared by the rotating head 1 to obtain fine grain structure,as the press deformation continues, the metal begins to flow in both directions along the cavity of the die to form the plate 13, as shown in fig. 8.
Example 3: in the seventh step, the billet 10 is a light metal material which is difficult to deform and has better plastic processability, such as aluminum and its alloy, and titanium and its alloy.
It should be noted that what kind of complex feature member is formed depends mainly on the cavity features of the combined female die.
Claims (4)
1. A twisting-extruding composite plastic deformation forming method is characterized in that: the blank is simultaneously subjected to the effects of high-pressure torsion and extrusion, metal at the lower end of the blank is violently sheared to enable crystal grains to be mechanically crushed, and meanwhile temperature rise generated by plastic work and friction work enables dynamic recrystallization refining and metal plasticity improvement; the application of extrusion force can help the metal to generate plastic flow, and further a component is obtained through corner deformation in a cavity of the process device, so that the formation and the accurate control of the forming of one process are realized;
the blank is formed by extruding scrap-shaped metal sheets;
in order to avoid the heating speed difference between the process device and the blank and avoid the growth of crystal grains caused by long-time heating of the blank, the process device and the blank are respectively preheated to the forming temperature T10.4-0.6 times of the total temperature of the blank, the extrusion process is completed in a constant temperature box, and the temperature of the process device and the blank is always kept at the required temperature.
2. A twist-squeeze composite plastic deformation forming process device is characterized by comprising an upper component connected with the upper structure of a press machine, a lower component connected with a workbench, a male die and a combined female die; the upper assembly comprises an upper die holder, a base plate and an upper die holder sleeve which are connected with the upper structure of the press; the upper end of the male die is placed into the upper die base sleeve and is fixedly connected with the upper die base through the connecting mechanism; the combined female die comprises an upper female die and a lower female die, the lower assembly comprises a rotating head connected with the workbench, a rolling bearing and a lower template, and the combined female die is arranged on the lower template; the rolling bearing is arranged between the rotating head and the lower template, and certain gaps are reserved between the rotating head and the lower female die and between the rotating head and the lower template, so that the rotating head can rotate quickly; in order to increase the contact area between the rotating head and the blank and exert the effect of twisting, shearing and thinning crystal grains, the upper surface of the rotating head is designed with a spiral working band, and the cross section of the spiral working band is a triangle with a vertex angle of 90-150 degrees.
3. The twist-and-squeeze composite plastic deformation forming process device as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the rotating head and the combined female die parts can be replaced by size or shape, and different extrusion ratios are controlled by replacing the combined female dies with different sizes and shapes, so that extrusion-shaped plates/cylinder-type components with various sizes are obtained, and the plastic deformation in the forming process is effectively controlled.
4. The twist-and-squeeze composite plastic deformation forming process device as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the application steps are as follows:
the first step is as follows: fixing the upper die base sleeve, the male die and the base plate on the upper die plate through bolts;
the second step is that: fixing an upper template on a sliding block of a hydraulic machine, and fixing a lower template on a workbench of the hydraulic machine;
the third step: installing a rolling bearing in a groove of a lower template;
the fourth step: fixing the lower female die on the lower template;
the fifth step: mounting a rotating head on a rolling bearing and placing the rotating head in a die hole in the center of a lower female die;
and a sixth step: fixing the upper female die and the lower female die;
the seventh step: preheating the blank to a forming temperature T10.4-0.6 times of the crystal grain size and keeping the temperature for a certain time to ensure that the crystal grains are distributed more uniformly; simultaneously heating the process device to the same temperature as the blank;
eighth step: coating oil-based graphite as a lubricant on the surface of the blank and the inner wall of the process device, putting the prepared blank into a die cavity of an upper female die, and enabling the blank to be in contact with the upper surface of a rotating head;
the ninth step: the rotating head rotates at a certain angular velocity W1Rotating;
the tenth step: the male die moves downwards to extrude the blank, the upper end of the blank is extruded downwards by the male die, the blank flows in the female die channel to be extruded and deformed at the corner, the lower end of the blank is subjected to the torsional shearing action of the rotating head, fine grain tissues can be obtained, and the component is finally formed.
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| DE4313712C2 (en) * | 1993-04-27 | 1997-03-27 | Gkn Automotive Ag | Method and device for mounting a profile toothing on a shaft |
| AT411027B (en) * | 2001-09-25 | 2003-09-25 | Reinhard Dipl Ing Ddr Pippan | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING FINE CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS |
| JP2006247734A (en) * | 2005-03-14 | 2006-09-21 | Japan Science & Technology Agency | Twist-working method for hollow material |
| CN100491005C (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2009-05-27 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Metallic extrusion molding method of rotating cavity die |
| CN101966536B (en) * | 2010-09-22 | 2012-08-22 | 上海交通大学 | Torsion type reciprocating extrusion device and process method thereof |
| CN102059267B (en) * | 2010-11-24 | 2012-09-05 | 上海交通大学 | Inside screw cylindrical gear rotary cold extruding die |
| CN103878196B (en) * | 2014-01-14 | 2015-12-02 | 中北大学 | A kind of homogeneous high Strengthening and Toughening magnesium alloy cup-shape member rotary squeezing method |
| CN104588428B (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2017-02-22 | 中北大学 | Circular channel and corner based extruding and moulding mold and circular channel and corner based extruding and moulding method of magnesium alloy cup-shaped component |
| CN106363031B (en) * | 2016-09-01 | 2018-01-09 | 中北大学 | Hollow blank shapes the rotary extrusion forming method of large ratio of height to width inner ring muscle |
| CN107234143B (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2019-03-01 | 中北大学 | A kind of almag rotary extrusion forming particular manufacturing craft |
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