CN108711648A - Li-ion batteries piles monomer capacity and health status on-line measurement system and method - Google Patents
Li-ion batteries piles monomer capacity and health status on-line measurement system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108711648A CN108711648A CN201711415710.0A CN201711415710A CN108711648A CN 108711648 A CN108711648 A CN 108711648A CN 201711415710 A CN201711415710 A CN 201711415710A CN 108711648 A CN108711648 A CN 108711648A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4285—Testing apparatus
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/488—Cells or batteries combined with indicating means for external visualization of the condition, e.g. by change of colour or of light density
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The present invention discloses lithium ion battery management system and battery battery core monomer capacity and health status On-line Measuring Method, is made of main control unit and battery core sensing monitoring unit and current sensor；Using high-low pressure separate design, battery core sensing monitoring unit is used to monitor the voltage for measuring battery battery core monomer；Current sensor is used for the bus current of measuring circuit major loop；Main control unit then is used to control the operating mode of lithium-ion-power cell group, the processing and storage of data, and the on-line measurement of battery cell battery core capacity, and on this basis, carry out the inline diagnosis monitoring of battery battery core monomer health status, reliable reference is provided for the replacement of battery battery core, the performance and state of lithium-ion-power cell group can more effectively be monitored, important foundation is provided for the calculating of battery other internal state parameters, important information is provided for the strategy of vehicle complete vehicle, ensures the safety of vehicle and driver and passenger.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the measurements of battery parameter, and in particular to lithium ion battery management system and battery core monomer capacity are online
Measurement and health status judgment method.
Background technology
Large-scale use lithium-ion-power cell is had begun on new-energy automobile at present.Due to lithium-ion battery monomer
The indexs such as voltage, power, capacity and the energy of battery core can not possibly reach practical application request, it is necessary to group technology is used, it will be more
Batteries are used in series, to realize the performance indicator of lithium-ion-power cell group or even entire new energy automobile.
Capacity is one of most important parameter of lithium ion battery.Capacity refers to the total amount of electric charge that battery core can be released externally.
Capacity is the definition basis of charge states of lithium ion battery State of Charge (SOC).SOC is commonly defined as
Present available capacity accounts for the percentage of total capacity.As it can be seen that this parameter of no capacity SOC can not be calculated.
Capacity is the basis for estimation of Li-ion batteries piles health status State of Health (SOH).It is currently used
SOH computational methods are the comparison of current capacities and initial capacity.SOH can be used as the measurement mark whether battery core reaches service life
It is accurate.When SOH is less than 80%, has there is more significant decline in capacity, and battery core internal resistance is often very big, power
Other performances such as performance State of Power (SOP) also cannot be satisfied using needs.Therefore, when battery core SOH is less than 80%
When, it is generally recognized that its aging reaches service life, is replaced.
Meanwhile capacity, SOC, SOH are other internal important state such as SOP of lithium ion battery, the meter of continual mileage etc.
The important references amount of calculation method.
Battery core manufacturer can all provide the initial capacity of battery core when battery core is dispatched from the factory.However as the use of new-energy automobile,
The variations such as battery core constantly carries out charge and discharge cycles process, and decaying can inevitably occur in capacity.On the other hand, due to battery core
Nuance in material and production process, and different location in battery pack and using the factors such as process is inconsistent,
It may cause significantly difference occur between battery core single battery core capacity.
If be not adjusted to initial capacity, on the one hand, SOC can be caused, SOH or even as important references amount
There is deviation, seriously affect user's use feeling in SOP, the quantity of states such as continual mileage.On the other hand, it easily generates and battery is filled
Phenomena such as entering excessive electric energy, releasing excessive electric energy or deep discharge in short-term can be further exacerbated by the decaying of battery core capacity
And the shortening of battery life, or even cause serious battery core inner heat or even thermal runaway, it is on fire from explosion it is equal influence vehicle and
The serious consequence of passenger safety.
Common capacity of lithium ion battery test method is method specified in GB/T 31484-2015.Specific explanations are such as
Under：
Capacity test method:
A) discharge off condition as defined in enterprise is discharged to 1I1 (A)；
B) it shelves not less than shelving the time (be not higher than 1h) as defined in 30min or enterprise
C) to turn constant-voltage charge when end of charge voltage as defined in I1 (A) electric current constant-current charge to enterprise, until charging termination electric current
Stop charging when being down to 0.05I1 (A), 1h (or shelving the time not higher than 1h as defined in enterprise) is shelved after charging
D) it shelves not less than shelving the time (be not higher than 1h) as defined in 30min or enterprise；
E) discharge off condition as defined in enterprise is discharged to 1I1 (A)；
F) step e) discharge capacities are calculated
The extremely difficult realization in actual use of this operating mode.More frequent charge and discharge are generally accompanied in vehicle travel process
Process, and to ensure battery life, in actually using charge and discharge process, generally require that there are certain for the capacity of battery
Surplus, can not possibly occur reaching charging termination condition from discharge off condition substantially and be discharged to the feelings of discharge off condition again
Condition.
It is relatively low additionally, due to lithium-ion battery monomer voltage, power, capacity and energy etc., it can not be used alone.Generally all
It needs just be used by concatenated method composition battery pack.And in series circuit, the electric current that is passed through per batteries
Electricity is consistent.With the aging of lithium ion battery, the capacity of battery core monomer can gradually appear difference.If it is intended to by being completely full of
The mode put is susceptible to individual monomers battery core capacity and has reduced, is relatively easy to reach charge and discharge end condition, and at this time
The case where other battery core monomers are still not up to.Since battery core is that in series, individual battery cores reach end condition, at this time
Through charge and discharge electric treatment can not be carried out again.Thus, the capacity of most battery core monomers will be unable to measure parsing.
If it is desired to off-line manner so that new-energy automobile reaches above-mentioned traditional measurement operating mode with lithium ion battery and is also
It is unpractical.
First, lithium ion battery is often sealed in battery pack, to connect high-tension measurement harness, is generally required new energy
Automobile or even battery pack are dismantled.This workload will be very huge, and the new-energy automobile structure of each vehicle enterprise is different,
The dismounting of battery pack may be extremely difficult.And consumer also can not necessarily allow such operation.If in view of single-unit electricity
The cubic content measurement of core, since current battery packet may be made of tens or even hundreds of batteries, it is even more not that dismounting, which measures work,
It is possible that.
Also, even if all difficulties is overcome to reach appeal operating mode, for lithium ion battery, reaches charge and discharge and terminate item
The application method of part may bring the reduction of battery life.
Finally, this method or a kind of offline method, the reason as described in appeal are less likely to carry out, also can not certainly
It is commonly used, this will lead to capacity, health status etc., can not carry out regular measurement and adjustment during user's use.Cause
And the negative effect of state parameter precision, service life etc. can be brought.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of automobile-used lithium ion battery management system of realization new-energy automobile and battery core list
Body online capacity measurement and health status judgment method.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme：Lithium ion battery management system, including main control unit battery core sensing prison
Control unit and current sensor；Battery core sensing monitoring unit, which is connected to lithium-ion-power cell group and often economizes on electricity, core and to be monitored
Measure its terminal voltage；The current sensor is connected between Li-ion batteries piles and circuit major loop to return for measuring circuit master
Bus current in road；The main control unit senses monitoring unit and vehicle complete vehicle communication network with current sensor, battery core respectively
Network connects.The operating mode of major function Li-ion batteries piles in order to control, battery core in the processing and storage of data and battery pack
Calculating, processing and the transmission of monomer capacity and health status.Main control unit can obtaining by internal crystal oscillator or external signal
Clock signal is taken, even if under battery management system after electricity or when suspend mode, clock can still provide for work.
Preferably, front-end chip is protected to acquire the voltage of battery battery core monomer built in the battery core sensing monitoring unit
Demonstrate,prove accuracy and the promptness of acquisition.
Capacity is one of most important parameter of lithium ion battery.Capacity refers to the total amount of electric charge that battery core can be released externally.Electricity
Core SOC (State Of Charge) i.e. state-of-charges, are defined as the percentage that current residual active volume accounts for total capacity.I.e.：
Wherein CremainFor the active volume of current residual, CtotalFor total capacity.
For two moment ta, tbThen have：
Two formulas are subtracted each other, then are had：
Variation can obtain：
It can be seen that if there are two moment ta、tbBattery core SOC exact values and occur between two moment residual capacity variation, you can
The battery core capacity asked.
Lithium ion battery cell SOC exact values can be obtained based on its open-circuit voltage Open Circuit Voltage (OCV)
It takes.OCV, that is, lithium ion battery electromotive force Eb, have nonlinear accurate correspondence with SOC.In actually making for lithium ion battery
With in the process, in charge and discharge electrochemical reaction process, it may appear that polarization phenomena influence, and cause the terminal voltage and OCV of battery
Gap is larger, it is not possible to be used directly to calculate SOC.It generally requires and provides certain time of repose (preferably, to lithium ion battery
Not less than two hours), the influence of polarization reaction is eliminated, obtains OCV, and then calculate SOC.
Formula (two moment t in 2a, tbBetween the residual capacity changes delta C that occurs, i.e. the electricity of two accumulated times variation comes
The charging and discharging currents within this period.It can thus take Current integrating method or ampere-hour to integrate, obtain Δ C.Specific method
For to taTo tbBetween current value temporally integrate：
Wherein, I (t) is transient current.
The battery battery core monomer essential resistance on-line measurement method of lithium ion battery management system, if lithium-ion electric in the battery pack
Core number of monomers is n, and steps are as follows：
Step a) main control units receive enabling signal and wake up lithium ion battery management system；
Step b) reads by clock signal and records current point in time t1；
Time point t electric under reading last time in memory step c)0；
Step d) main control units are according to t0, t1Judge whether to stand the sufficiently long time；
If step e) time of repose (preferred t enough1-t0Should be not less than two hours), then battery core sensing monitoring unit passes through
Front-end chip built in it measures the voltage at each battery cell battery core both ends, can be used as monomer open-circuit voltage OCV1~OCVn, and
It exports to main control unit；
Step f), by including but not limited to the modes such as table look-up, can get electricity since OCV and SOC are there are nonlinear correspondence relation
The SOC of core inner1~SOCnValue；
For t at the time of step g) enables the last time that a-f steps is successfully used to obtain SOCMemory, t is read from memoryMemoryWhat the moment obtained
Each section single battery core SOClast1~SOClastn；；
Step h) judges whether SOC occurs enough variations and calculate, it is preferred that battery core SOC value and tMemoryMoment is compared, Ying You
30% or more variation, i.e. Δ SOC=SOC-SOClast>30%, purpose is to advanced optimize computational solution precision, reduces and calculates
Error；
Step i) is read from memory from tMemoryMoment is to t1The integrating electric integrated value Δ C at moment；
Step j) according to formula (2, calculate often economize on electricity core monomer capacity Cage1~Cagen, Cage=Δ C/ Δs SOC；
Step k) calculates the health status SOH for the core that often economizes on electricity1~SOHn, according to formula S OH=Cage/CnominalWherein CnominalFor
The initial capacity of single battery core；
Step l) is by above-mentioned Cage1~Cagen, SOH1~SOHn, other modules are stored and provided to for new-energy automobile performance
It calculates and adjusts, such as SOC, SOP, course continuation mileage etc..
If the SOH of certain economize on electricity core of step m), if SOHx, less than certain limit value, (preferred 80%) should then send out the section
Alarm too low battery core serial number x, SOH, it is proposed that carry out corresponding treatment measures, such as replace battery core etc., it avoids causing further
Security risk.
Preferably, the bus current of the current sensor measurement in the step d is passed by bypass resistance or Hall
Sensor measurement obtains；For ensureing that bus current measures accurate.
Preferably, the main control unit is connect with automotive communication network by the communication modes of CAN bus；Facilitate data
Quick Acquisition and transmission.
The present invention is made of main control unit and battery core sensing monitoring unit and current sensor；Using high-low pressure separation
Design, often economizing on electricity with lithium-ion-power cell group, to measure lithium ion power electric for monitoring for battery core sensing monitoring unit that core connect
The voltage of pond single battery core；The current sensor between lithium-ion-power cell group and circuit major loop is connected on for measuring electricity
Bus current in the major loop of road；The main control unit senses monitoring unit and vehicle complete vehicle with current sensor, battery core respectively
Communication network connects, by internal crystal oscillator or the acquisition clock signal of external signal, even if after electricity or stopping under battery management system
When dormancy, clock can still provide for work.The operating mode of main control unit major function Li-ion batteries piles in order to control, the processing of data
Calculating, processing, transmission with battery core monomer capacity and health status in storage and battery pack or even diagnosis alarm.It realizes
The on-line measurement of battery cell battery core capacity, and on this basis, the diagnostic monitoring of battery battery core monomer health status is carried out,
Reliable reference is provided for the replacement of battery battery core, can more effectively monitor the performance and state of lithium-ion-power cell group,
Important foundation is provided for the calculating of battery other internal state parameters, important information is provided for the strategy of vehicle complete vehicle, is ensured
The safety of vehicle and driver and passenger.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that：1) capacity that direct-on-line measures battery core may be implemented
And health status reduces the condition of measurement without dismounting, saves cost；2) capacity per batteries battery core monomer and healthy shape
State can be separately measurable so that analysis uses；3) measuring obtained health status can carry out battery battery core aging and service life
Diagnosis；4) it can often be measured in the life cycle of new energy vehicle, ensure that battery core capacity and the real-time of health status are supervised
Control, judge in time battery battery core may aging, reach service life, replace or other treatment measures, guarantee
The safety of vehicle and driver and passenger；5) aging battery core can be effectively screened out, is accurately replaced, reduces and replaces difficulty.6) accurate
The accurate replacement of aging battery core can be carried out after examination battery core, battery pack other parts include other all battery cores, still can be made
With being replaced compared to traditional entire battery pack, can greatly reduce cost.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme：Lithium ion battery management system, including main control unit battery core sensing prison
Control unit and current sensor.
Battery core sensing monitoring unit, which is connected to lithium-ion-power cell group and often economizes on electricity, core and to be monitored and measures its terminal voltage.
Front-end chip built in battery core sensing monitoring unit acquiring the voltage of battery battery core monomer, ensure acquisition accuracy and
Promptness.
The current sensor is connected between Li-ion batteries piles and circuit major loop in measuring circuit major loop
Bus current, the current sensor can be based on bypass resistance or the real-time measuring loop bus current value of Hall sensor simultaneously
It is transferred to main control unit.
The main control unit is connect with current sensor, battery core sensing monitoring unit and vehicle complete vehicle communication network respectively.
The main control unit is carried out with vehicle communication network by the communication modes of CAN bus.Main control unit major function lithium in order to control
The operating mode of ion battery group, battery core monomer capacity and health status in the processing and storage of data and battery pack
It calculates, handle and sends.Main control unit can be by internal crystal oscillator or the acquisition clock signal of external signal, even if battery management
Under system after electricity or when suspend mode, clock can still provide for work.Main control unit can be according to the information and clock that current sensor is sent
Signal integrates current value between time point.The main control unit can store OCV and SOC nonlinear correspondence relations, electricity
Core initial capacity CnominalEqual fix informations and lower electric time, the multidate informations such as SOC value, current integration values are for capacity and are good for
Health state computation uses.
The battery battery core monomer essential resistance on-line measurement method of lithium ion battery management system, if lithium-ion electric in the battery pack
Core number of monomers is n, and steps are as follows：
Step a) main control units receive enabling signal and wake up lithium ion battery management system；
Step b) reads by clock signal and records current point in time t1；
Time point t electric under reading last time in memory step c)0；
Step d) main control units are according to t0, t1Judge whether to stand the sufficiently long time；
If step e) time of repose (preferred t enough1-t0Should be not less than two hours), then battery core sensing monitoring unit passes through
Front-end chip built in it measures the voltage at each battery cell battery core both ends, can be used as monomer open-circuit voltage OCV1~OCVn, and
It exports to main control unit；
Step f), by including but not limited to the modes such as table look-up, can get electricity since OCV and SOC are there are nonlinear correspondence relation
The SOC of core inner1~SOCnValue；
For t at the time of step g) enables the last time that a-f steps is successfully used to obtain SOCMemory, t is read from memoryMemoryWhat the moment obtained
Each section single battery core SOClast1~SOClastn；
Step h) judges whether SOC occurs enough variations and calculate, it is preferred that battery core SOC value and tMemoryMoment is compared, Ying You
30% or more variation, i.e. Δ SOC=SOC-SOClast>30%, purpose is to advanced optimize computational solution precision, reduces and calculates
Error；
Step i) is read from memory from tMemoryMoment is to t1The integrating electric integrated value Δ C at moment.Current integration values are by electricity
The bus current that flow sensor measures, from time period tMemoryTo current t1Moment, for the integral of time.Bus current is to be based on
What bypass resistance or Hall sensor measurement in current sensor obtained；
Step j) calculates core monomer capacity C of often economizing on electricityage1~Cagen, Cage=Δ C/ Δs SOC；
The battery battery core monomer health status measurement method of lithium ion battery management system calculates the health status for the core that often economizes on electricity
SOH1~SOHn, according to formula S OH=Cage/CnominalWherein CnominalFor the initial capacity of single battery core；If certain economize on electricity core
SOH, if SOHx, less than certain value (preferred 80%) should then send out the too low alarm of the economize on electricity core serial number x, SOH, it is proposed that into
The corresponding treatment measures of row, such as replace battery core etc., it avoids causing further security risk.By above-mentioned Cage1~Cagen,
SOH1~SOHn, it is stored and provided to calculating and adjustment of other modules for new-energy automobile performance, such as SOC, SOP, is continued
Navigate mileage etc..
Protection scope of the present invention includes but not limited to embodiment of above, and protection scope of the present invention is with claims
Subject to, any replacement being readily apparent that those skilled in the art that this technology is made, deformation, improvement each fall within the present invention's
Protection domain.
Claims (8)
1. lithium ion battery management system, it is characterised in that：Including main control unit, battery core sensing monitoring unit and current sense
Device, battery core sensing monitoring unit and lithium-ion-power cell the group core that often economizes on electricity are connected and monitor measurement its terminal voltage, described
Current sensor is connected between Li-ion batteries piles and circuit major loop for the bus current in measuring circuit major loop；Institute
It states main control unit to connect with current sensor, battery core sensing monitoring unit and vehicle complete vehicle communication network respectively, the master control list
Member obtains clock signal by internal crystal oscillator or external signal.
2. according to lithium ion battery management system described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the battery core sensing monitoring unit
Front-end chip is set to acquire the voltage for the core monomer that often economizes on electricity in battery pack.
3. according to lithium ion battery management system described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The main control unit is communicated with vehicle
Network is carried out by the communication modes of CAN bus.
4. the battery battery core monomer capacity measuring method of lithium ion battery management system, if lithium-ion electric core monomer in the battery pack
Number is n, which is characterized in that steps are as follows：
Step a）Main control unit receives enabling signal and wakes up lithium ion battery management system；
Step b）By clock signal, reads and record current point in time t1；
Time point t electric under reading last time in memory step c)0；
Step d) main control units are according to t0, t1Judge whether to stand the sufficiently long time；
Step e）If t1-t0More than certain value, then battery core sensing monitoring unit passes through the front-end chip built in it and measures each electricity
The voltage at pond single battery core both ends can be used as monomer open-circuit voltage OCV1~OCVn, and export to main control unit；
Step f）The OCV obtained according to measurement1~OCVnNumerical value obtains the SOC of each battery core1~SOCnValue；
For t at the time of step g) enables the last time that a-f steps is successfully used to obtain SOCMemory, t is read from memoryMemoryWhat the moment obtained
Each section single battery core SOClast1~SOClastn；
Step h）Judge whether SOC occurs enough variation and calculate, it is assumed that the SOC changing values of battery core are Δ SOC, then Δ SOC=
SOC-SOClastIf Δ SOC>30%, then enter next step；
Step i）It is read from t from memoryMemoryTo t1The integrating electric integrated value Δ C at moment；
Step j）Calculate core monomer capacity C of often economizing on electricityage1~Cagen, Cage =ΔC/ ΔSOC。
5. the battery battery core monomer capacity measuring method of lithium ion battery management system according to claim 4, feature
It is：Certain value described in step e is preferably 2 hours.
6. the battery battery core monomer health status measurement method of lithium ion battery management system, it is characterised in that：According to formula S OH
= Cage/ CnominalCalculate the health status of each single battery core, wherein CnominalFor the initial capacity of single battery core.
7. the battery battery core monomer health status measurement method of lithium ion battery management system according to claim 6,
It is characterized in that：When certain economize on electricity core SOH value is less than certain limit value, the economize on electricity core serial number and the too low alarms of SOH are sent out.
8. the battery battery core monomer health status measurement method of lithium ion battery management system according to claim 7,
It is characterized in that：The limit value is preferably 0.8.
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| CN111048853A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-04-21 | 张家港莫特普数据科技有限公司 | Battery cell system |
| CN111175667A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-19 | 深圳市普兰德储能技术有限公司 | Battery test system |
| CN111211363A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-05-29 | 张家港莫特普数据科技有限公司 | Battery cell system |
| CN111624503A (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2020-09-04 | 宁波普瑞均胜汽车电子有限公司 | Lithium ion battery temperature online estimation method |
| CN111650520A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-09-11 | 摩登汽车有限公司 | Estimation method of SOC of battery pack |
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| CN113419185A (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2021-09-21 | 盛德东南(福建)新能源科技有限公司 | Monomer capacity detection method and system for lithium ion power storage battery |
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