CN108701731A - 热反射太阳能模块 - Google Patents

热反射太阳能模块 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108701731A
CN108701731A CN201680081112.1A CN201680081112A CN108701731A CN 108701731 A CN108701731 A CN 108701731A CN 201680081112 A CN201680081112 A CN 201680081112A CN 108701731 A CN108701731 A CN 108701731A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
layer
solar energy
energy module
module according
coatings
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
CN201680081112.1A
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English (en)
Inventor
艾瑞克·博格勒斯
罗伊·克里斯托弗森
彼得·艾特瑞德格
沃尔夫冈·劳赫瓦斯尔
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AM CO Ltd
Amcor Flexibles Transpac BVBA
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AM CO Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by AM CO Ltd filed Critical AM CO Ltd
Publication of CN108701731A publication Critical patent/CN108701731A/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H01L31/0481—Encapsulation of modules characterised by the composition of the encapsulation material
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种展示了太阳能电池系统的层合体的形式的太阳能模块，所述太阳能电池系统具有在背面上的和在正面上的封装层、布置在背面封装层上的阻挡层以及布置在正面封装层上的第一SiOx层、基础网状物层、第二SiOx层、可选的漆层、粘合剂层和玻璃层，其中，含银低E涂层布置在一层正面层内或布置在两层正面层之间，从而保护腐蚀敏感的含银低E涂层免于暴露于湿气中。

Description

热反射太阳能模块
技术领域
本发明涉及包括热反射涂层的层合体形式的太阳能模块。
背景技术
太阳能模块广泛用于通过太阳光发电。电由太阳能电池系统生成，由此用于太阳能电池系统的优选材料是在结晶或非晶硅太阳能模块中使用的硅。在所谓的CIGS-太阳能模块中使用的另一类材料是铜、铟、镓、硫和硒的组合物。缩写CIGS指的是使用的元素。CIGS型材料允许生产薄膜太阳能模块。现有技术中已知的太阳能模块的普遍缺点是，由于红外光谱中的光吸收，其发电效率随着它们的温度升高而显著恶化。在高日照率的地区，太阳能模块的表面温度可能会超过60摄氏度，严重影响了这些地区太阳能模块的电力生产。
使这种缺点最小化的可能方式是提供热反射膜或玻璃涂层形式的热反射装置，这些热反射装置可用于家庭和工业上釉应用。实现热反射的另一种可能性是在可见光范围内应用结合有抗反射涂层的薄的半透明银膜，其对可见光显示良好的透明度但对红外辐射具有高反射率(低发射率涂层，又称低E涂层)。这些类型的涂层中的银层的厚度在3至15纳米的范围内。在可见光范围内，银层的反射率在10-70％之间。所述银层被包封在两层光学层或层堆叠体之间，用作可见光范围的抗反射涂层，因此，将银层的10-70％的反射降至0-10％的反射，而银膜的高红外反射(>90％)没有受到损害。这是当今已知的防止吸热的最有效的方法之一。然而，金属银膜极易受到腐蚀，例如由水蒸气扩散到太阳能模块引起的腐蚀。在腐蚀过程中，低E涂层内部的银层失去其热反射性能，降低了对可见光的透明度，因此发电效率再次恶化。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种太阳能模块，所述太阳能模块避免了由于银层的腐蚀而降低红外反射率，从而限制了发电性能的缺点。
所述目的通过如权利要求1所限定的根据本发明的太阳能模块来实现。其它实施例体现于从属权利要求。
根据本发明的太阳能模块具有层合体的形式。封装层布置在太阳能电池系统的背面上和正面上。封装层提供保护太阳能电池系统并为太阳能电池系统提供一定的机械稳定性，这是重要的，因为硅基太阳能电池系统只能承载非常有限的机械负载以及薄膜型太阳能电池系统，例如CIGS太阳能电池系统只能承载非常有限的机械负载。在背面封装层上布置有阻挡层。阻挡层提供进一步的机械稳定性并且相对于环境密封太阳能模块的背面。在太阳能电池系统的正面封装层上还布置有其它层。这些层是第一SiOx层、基础网状物层、第二SiOx层、可选的漆层、粘合剂层、玻璃层和含银低E涂层，所述含银低E涂层布置在布置在太阳能电池系统的正面上的层中的一层内或者布置在太阳能电池系统的正面上的层中的两层之间。
太阳能模块的层合体结构包括含银低E涂层形式的高热反射层。这种含银低E涂层有利地提供有效的热反射。然而，由于银在接触湿气时非常容易腐蚀，因此必须保护含银低E涂层免于暴露于湿气。含银低E涂层在太阳能模块的正面的层中的一层内或在太阳能模块的正面层中的两层之间的布置有利地实现了含银低E涂层暴露于湿气的最小化。因此，有利地延迟或甚至防止了含银低E涂层的腐蚀。这反过来又使得光伏系统能够高效、稳定和优化发电。
第一SiOx层(1.3<x<1.9)在一侧与正面封装层接触并且在其相反侧与基础网状物层接触。
基础网状物层通常由诸如全氟化烷基磺酸盐(PFAS)、例如全氟辛烷磺酸酯(PFOS)和全氟化羧酸(PFCA)、例如全氟辛酸(PFOA)等全氟乙烯醚(PFT)制成。在基础网状物层上布置有第二SiOx层(1.3<x<1.9)。在第二SiOx层上布置可选的漆层。在漆层的顶部上，布置有粘合剂层，所述粘合剂层与玻璃层接触，所述玻璃层将太阳能模块的正面密封到环境中。含银低E涂层必须布置在正面层中的一层内或者布置在正面层中的两层之间，以尽量使其暴露于湿气最小化。
封装层可以包括诸如乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚烯烃弹性体(POE)、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)和环氧树脂的可交联材料。采用这些材料以将太阳能电池系统封装在太阳能模块的结构内，并提供机械和环境稳定性以及电气绝缘。
漆层可以包含氧化硅基杂化聚合物，例如可作为提供。粘合剂层包括聚氨酯基粘合剂。
在根据本发明的太阳能模块的一个优选的实施例中，含银低E涂层布置在玻璃层与粘合剂层之间。因此，含银低E涂层被保护以免与可能从其边缘扩散到太阳能模块中的水蒸气接触。
在另一优选的实施例中，含银低E涂层交替布置在基础网状物层与SiOx层之间。优选地，含银低E涂层布置在基础网状物层与第二SiOx层之间。
在另一个实施例中，含银低E涂层布置在太阳能电池系统的正面封装层内。应用于太阳能电池系统的封装材料通常是可交联聚合物，例如乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚烯烃弹性体(POE)、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、环氧树脂或硅酮在太阳能电池组件的制造过程中作为片材或作为液体粘合剂施加。因此，可以通过挤压涂布将含银低E涂层的形式的热反射膜施加在封装层内。这也可以被认为是与单个封装层相比，在两个较薄的封装层之间布置的含银低E涂层。
在一个优选的实施例中，粘合剂层包括除水粘合剂。优选的除水粘合剂是聚氨酯基粘合剂。
太阳能电池系统的封装层通常包括可交联聚合物。优选的是选自由乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚烯烃弹性体(POE)、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)和环氧树脂组成的组的聚合物。
封装层可以进一步包括干燥剂。这种干燥剂附加性地减少了在其制造之后可能留在太阳能模块中的水蒸气残留物。包括在封装层中的干燥剂也清除扩散到太阳能模块中，例如穿过模块的边缘的水蒸气，因此，有利地使在太阳能模块内的含银低E涂层的水蒸气和随后的腐蚀最小化。常用的干燥剂有CaCl、CaO、K2CO3、CuSO4、Na2SO4和KOH。CaO是优选的干燥剂。
在另一个实施例中，阻挡层包括优选具有大于20微米且小于150微米的厚度的铝箔。阻挡层中的铝箔阻止水蒸气通过阻挡层扩散。另外，它还反射了太阳能模块背面的红外辐射，提高了发电效率，否则当太阳能模块升温时，发热效率会恶化。
在另一实施例中，阻挡层包括含有乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)和干燥剂的膜，由此所述膜与背面封装层接触。
在一个优选的实施例中，湿气或水蒸气清除带、例如包括作为干燥剂的CaO布置在太阳能模块的边缘上。优选地，水蒸气清除带布置在太阳能模块的所有边缘上。这有效地防止了湿气进入或水蒸气通过太阳能模块的边缘界面扩散。
在另一优选的实施例中，太阳能模块被包括干燥剂的框架包封。这种干燥剂布置在太阳能模块与框架之间，例如在由框架和太阳能模块形成的空腔中。这进一步使湿气或水蒸气的进入最小化，因此，保护含银低E涂层免受腐蚀。
附图说明
下面参照附图中的示例性实施例更详细地解释根据本发明的太阳能模块，其中，纯粹示意性地：
图1以纵剖面示出了太阳能模块的第一实施例；
图2以纵剖面示出了太阳能模块的第二实施例；
图3以纵剖面示出了太阳能模块的第三实施例；
图4以纵剖面示出了具有周向框架的太阳能模块的另一实施例。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明的太阳能模块1。容易看出，太阳能模块1具有层合体结构。太阳能电池系统3具有分别布置在其背面的封装层5和布置在其正面的封装层7。为了进一步保护太阳能电池系统3，在太阳能电池系统3的背面上布置与封装层5接触的阻挡层9。在太阳能电池系统3的正面上有布置在封装层7上的第一SiOx层11和第二SiOx层15以及放置在SiOx层11与15之间的基础网状物层13。第二SiOx层15被漆层17覆盖，所述漆层17又与粘合剂层19接触。在粘合剂层19与玻璃层23之间布置含银低E涂层21。玻璃层23完成太阳能电池系统3的正面。
图2示出了根据本发明的太阳能模块1的另一实施例。在本实施例中，含银低E涂层21布置在基础网状物层13与第二SiOx层15之间。
图3示出了根据本发明的太阳能模块1的第三实施例。含银低E涂层21布置在太阳能电池系统3的正面上的封装层7内。
图4示出了具有与图1中所描述的相同的层合体结构的太阳能模块。另外，示出了保护太阳能模块1的边缘的框架25。框架25通过粘合剂膜27密封到太阳能模块1。围绕整个太阳能模块运行的封闭腔29包含干燥剂31。

Claims (12)

1.一种层合体形式的太阳能模块(1)，其呈现为：太阳能电池系统(3)，具有在所述太阳能电池系统(3)的背面上的封装层(5)和在所述太阳能电池系统的正面上的封装层(7)；布置在所述背面封装层(5)上的阻挡层(9)；以及布置在所述正面封装层(7)上的第一SiOx层(11)、基础网状物层(13)第二SiOx层(15)、可选的漆层(17)、粘合剂层(19)和玻璃层(23)，其中，含银低E涂层(21)布置在所述太阳能电池系统(3)的一个正面层内或布置在所述太阳能电池系统的两个正面层之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能模块，其中，所述含银低E涂层(21)布置在所述玻璃层(23)与所述粘合剂层(19)之间。
3.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能模块，其中，所述含银低E涂层(21)布置在所述SiOx层(15)与所述基础网状物层(13)之间。
4.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能模块，其中，所述含银层(21)布置在所述正面封装层(7)内。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的太阳能模块，其中，所述粘合剂层(19)包括除水粘合剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的太阳能模块，其中，所述除水粘合剂是聚氨酯基粘合剂。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的太阳能模块，其中，所述封装层(5，7)包括选自下述一组材料的封装材料：乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚烯烃弹性体(POE)、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)和环氧树脂。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的太阳能模块，其中，所述封装层(5，7)包括干燥剂。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的太阳能模块，其中，所述阻挡层(9)包括优选具有大于20微米且小于150微米的厚度的铝箔。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的太阳能模块，其中，所述阻挡层(9)包括含有乙烯乙酸乙烯酯和干燥剂的膜，所述膜与所述背面封装层(5)接触。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的太阳能模块，其中，除水边缘带布置在所述太阳能模块(1)的边缘上。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的太阳能模块，其中，所述太阳能模块(1)被还包括干燥剂(31)的框架(25)包封，所述干燥剂布置在所述太阳能模块与所述框架之间。
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