CN108698335B - 用于焊接连接第一模制部件的第一接合面与第二模制部件的第二接合面的方法 - Google Patents

用于焊接连接第一模制部件的第一接合面与第二模制部件的第二接合面的方法 Download PDF

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CN108698335B
CN108698335B CN201780013599.4A CN201780013599A CN108698335B CN 108698335 B CN108698335 B CN 108698335B CN 201780013599 A CN201780013599 A CN 201780013599A CN 108698335 B CN108698335 B CN 108698335B
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molded part
main beam
molded
parameter
energy input
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CN108698335A (zh
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弗兰克·布鲁内克尔
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Evosys Laser GmbH
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Evosys Laser GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1454—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1464—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
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    • B29C65/1609—Visible light radiation, e.g. by visible light lasers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • B29C65/1638—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding focusing the laser beam on the interface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/1661—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined scanning repeatedly, e.g. quasi-simultaneous laser welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1664—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/72—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by combined operations or combined techniques, e.g. welding and stitching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/24—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight
    • B29C66/242—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours
    • B29C66/2424—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being a closed polygonal chain
    • B29C66/24243—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being a closed polygonal chain forming a quadrilateral
    • B29C66/24244—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being a closed polygonal chain forming a quadrilateral forming a rectangle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B29C66/91641—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux the heat or the thermal flux being non-constant over time
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
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    • B29C66/91951—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to time, e.g. temperature-time diagrams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5346—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于焊接连接第一模制部件(2)的第一接合面和第二模制部件(3)的第二接合面的方法，所述模制部件通过夹紧设备(4)移动并支撑，所述接合面彼此接触，其中所述第一模制部件(2)对于第一辐射源(7)的主光束(10)是至少部分可穿透的，对于第二辐射源(8)的副光束(11)是至少部分可吸收的，所述第二模制部件(3)对于所述主光束(10)是至少部分可吸收的，其中顺序地以所述主光束(10)照射所述第二模制部件(3)并以所述副光束(11)照射所述第一模制部件(2)。

Description

用于焊接连接第一模制部件的第一接合面与第二模制部件的 第二接合面的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于焊接连接第一模制部件的第一接合面和第二模制部件的第二接合面的方法，所述模制部件通过夹紧设备移动并支撑，所述接合面彼此接触，其中所述第一模制部件对于第一辐射源的主光束是至少基本可穿透的，对于第二辐射源的副光束是至少部分可吸收的，所述第二模制部件对于所述主光束是至少部分可吸收的，其中以所述主光束照射所述第二模制部件，以所述副光束照射所述第一模制部件，两者按时间顺序交替进行。
背景技术
这种焊接方法在现有技术中是已知的，并被特别用于塑料材料例如热塑性塑料的接合。在此，所述的两个模制部件被设置成一个位于另一个上方、彼此接触并借助于夹紧设备彼此支撑，使得在焊接过程中所述两个模制部件的接合面相接触并且可被焊接。在所谓的“贯通焊接方法”或“激光贯通焊接方法”的情况下，所述第一模制部件置于所述第二模制部件上方，就光束路径而言，也就更加靠近所述第一辐射源和所述第二辐射源。由于所述第一模制部件对于所述主光束是可穿透的，因此该光束可以穿透所述第一模制部件，使得所述主光束先被吸收在所述第二模制部件中并加热所述模制部件。在本申请的范围内，术语“至少部分可穿透的”或“至少部分可吸收的”应理解为意指相应的模制部件对于相关光束是大部分可穿透的或可吸收的。当然，部分可穿透的材料在一定程度上也总是可吸收的，部分可吸收的材料也是部分可穿透的。
通过吸收所述主光束，加热所述第二模制部件，使得所述第二模制部件的区域产生熔合状态。通过加热所述第二模制部件，所述第一模制部件也通过热传导在其接合面处被加热。由于在这种情况下发生所述第二模制部件的加热仅仅是因为热传导的结果，所以会导致过程时间更长。在现有技术中，因而提出了同时用第二辐射源的副光束对所述第一模制部件进行照射，以便独立于所述主光束，即独立于所述第二模制部件的加热，同样加热所述第一模制部件。
文献JP 2005-000955 A提出了一种方法，其中使用了两个激光，其中一个激光束被设置用于所述焊接方法，另一个激光被设置用于制得的焊接连接的质量控制。
文献JP 2005-001172 A提出了一种方法，其中两个组件通过十字形焊缝彼此连接。在第一步中，制造横向延伸至两个组件的接触表面的焊缝。在第二步中，沿接触表面制造焊缝。
文献US 6 369 351 B1同样描述了一种激光焊接方法，其中使用了具有两种不同波长的激光辐射。
文献EP 1 575 756 B1公开了一种用于三维模制部件的轮廓焊接的方法和装置。其中，在用主光束照射第二模制部件的同时，用电磁副光束照射第一模制部件，使焊接区中的温度场均匀化。因此，所述第一模制部件的加热不仅通过来自所述第二模制部件的热传导来实现，而且所述副光束也主要被吸收于所述第一模制部件中从而加热所述第一模制部件。
然而在已知的焊接方法的情况中，所述副光束总是先穿透所述第一模制部件，然后才被所述第二模制部件吸收。这通常占了所照射的副光束相当大的比例，使得同时照射时必须减少所述两个辐射源的能量以防止所述第二模制部件过热。由于所述两个辐射源的能量的减少，该过程的总持续时间变长。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是说明一种减少过程时间的焊接方法。
为了解决这个问题，在本文开篇所描述的根据本发明的一种方法中，所述主光束的第一焦点位于所述第二接合面上，所述副光束的第二焦点位于所述第一模制部件的体积内。
根据本发明，有利地实现了每个辐射源可以以其最大可能的能量进行使用并可将该能量照射到所述第一或第二模制部件中，这样相比于已知的焊接方法可减少过程持续时间。特别地，所述第一和第二模制部件的所述主光束和所述副光束的顺序照射对此目的是必不可少的。这样可以防止仅通过来自所述第一模制部件的热传导或仅通过由所述主光束对所述第一模制部件的辐射来加热所述第二模制部件。还避免了由于用于加热所述第一模制部件的副光束的照射导致所述第二模制部件过热。通过顺序的、交替的照射，可以更具选择性地加热所述第一模制部件和所述第二模制部件，这样可以实施每个辐射源的最大能量的照射，所述焊接方法因而可以得到特别有效地执行。
本申请中使用的术语“顺序地”应理解为所述主光束和副光束的照射过程是一个接一个地按时间顺序执行的，因此是交替执行的。然而，该术语不应理解为具有“连续地”的意义。
根据本发明的所述方法，所述主光束的第一焦点位于所述第二接合面上，并且所述副光束的第二焦点位于所述第一模制部件的体积内。因此所述主光束可以优选地聚焦在所述第二接合面上，使得所述主光束的能量基本落在所述第二接合面上，即所述第二模制部件面向所述第一接合面的一面上，也即所述第一模制部件的下表面上。所述副光束优选地聚焦在所述第一模制部件的体积内，使得所述第一模制部件得到大面积的加热。
根据本发明的所述方法，特别优选单色光束用作所述主光束，并且特别优选多色光束用作所述副光束。因此，辐射出所述主光束的第一辐射源可以优选为激光。所述副光束例如可以是宽带辐射源，例如卤素灯。所述宽带辐射源的副光束优选被吸收于所述第一模制部件中，其中所述单色主光束被吸收于所述第二模制部件的近表面层中。通过所述主光束和所述副光束的顺序照射，所述第一模制部件和第二模制部件因此皆可被加热，使得提供的温度梯度比常规方法情况下的低，例如，常规的激光贯穿焊接，其中所述主光束的能量落于所述第二模制部件中，所述第一模制部件仅通过热传导加热。在此，所述第一模制部件和所述第二模制部件之间形成了大温度梯度，这一方面体现在更长的过程时间中，并且还可造成所述第二模制部件中的温度超过所述第二模制部件的材料的分解温度。
根据本发明的所述方法，一种改进还在于使用激光辐射作为主光束或作为主光束和副光束。在此特别优选的是，激光辐射既用作主光束又用作副光束。因此，所述第一和第二辐射源可以是激光，例如波长不同的激光，也可以使用宽带辐射源作为副光束，并使用激光作为主光束。
根据本发明的所述方法，特别优选地，所述主光束的波长和/或所述副光束的波长位于第一范围500至1100nm或第二范围900至2400nm内。当然，用于根据本发明的所述方法的所述两个辐射源的波长可任意与具体应用相协调，特别是与所述的两个模制部件的材料特性相协调。
根据本发明的所述方法还可改进为：控制设备根据第一参数开启和关闭所述主光束并根据第二参数开启和关闭所述副光束。因此，第一参数确定何时开启和关闭所述主光束，所述第二参数确定或限定何时开启和关闭所述副光束。因此，借助于所述第一和第二参数，可以控制所述主光束和副光束交替开启和关闭的顺序如何进行。在本申请的范围内，顺序开启和关闭被理解为意指开启所述主光束和副光束中的一个并关闭另一光束。这样，一个照射序列则由一个所述主光束开启、所述副光束关闭的间隔，和一个紧接着的所述主光束关闭、所述副光束开启的间隔构成，反之亦可。
在此，特别优选地，所述主光束和所述副光束以至少两个序列交替地开启和关闭。当然，可以连续地执行任意数量的序列，使得所述主光束和所述副光束之间的变更或其开启和关闭的次数可进行任意调整。特别地，所述主光束的开启时间和关闭时间可以偏离于所述副光束。此外，连续序列的各序列中所述主光束和所述副光束的开启时间和关闭时间可具有不同的长度。进一步的参数，诸如所述主光束和/或所述副光束的强度、所述主光束和/或所述副光束的写入速度，可针对各开启和关闭时间进行任意地限定。因此，可连续地执行若干个序列，其中，一方面上述参数在所述主光束和所述副光束之间有所不同，并且另一方面所述参数可随序列变化。
按照根据本发明的所述方法的本实施例，还可以优选地提供的是：所述第一参数和/或所述第二参数和/或所述主光束和/或所述副光束的写入速度和/或所述主光束和/或所述副光束的强度被限定为使得所述第一和第二模制部件中照射的能量输入大于热传导的能量释放。因此，可以有利地控制，使得通过照射在所述第一模制部件和所述第二模制部件中落的能量多于被热传导损失或消散的能量。在此，所述写入速度被理解为意指所述光束或所述光束的焦点沿着待焊接的轮廓的移动速度。因此高写入速度意味着光束在待焊接的轮廓上移动得更快，或者光束在待焊接的轮廓上被快速地引导。在较低写入速度的情况下，光束或其焦点在轮廓的一部分上驻留的时间比在较高写入速度的情况下驻留的时间更长。
根据本发明的所述方法的本实施例中，特别优选地，所述第一和/或第二模制部件中能量输入的最小值被限定为使得所述第一和/或第二接合面的熔合状态得以保持。这样就确保了能量输入被选择为最小，以保持所实现的熔合状态，且所述两个模制部件的焊接也因此而成为可能。当然，一旦焊接过程完成，能量输入就下降到该最小值以下，使得所述两个模制部件的熔合的接合面冷却并可因此而彼此连接。在此，特别优选地，所述第一和/或第二模制部件被可移动地安装，以使得在熔合状态下所述两个模制部件的范围或尺寸因熔合以限定的长度差而改变。为此，所述夹紧设备被优选地安装或形成为使得在夹紧力的作用下改变所述两个模制部件的形状成为可能。因此，所得到的长度变化可被用于控制该过程。因此，可以以路径控制的方式保持融合状态，使得一旦达到一定的长度和/或长度变化或者一旦行进了某个路径，就关闭所述光束，使得所述两个模制部件彼此熔合。或者，该过程可以以时间控制的方式执行，使得一旦经过一定的时间就关闭光束。在这两种变型中，可以相应地执行时间评估或路径评估。因此，优选使用由熔合过程产生的形状变化作为根据本发明的所述方法的控制参数。
此外，能量输入的最大值可以被特别优选地限定使得不达到所述第一和/或第二模制部件的分解温度。这样就确保了由所述第一和第二模制部件的照射而引入至材料中的能量不会导致所述第一和第二模制部件由于超过分解温度而被损坏。根据本发明，特别地，通过用所述主光束和所述副光束交替进行的所述第一和第二模制部件的顺序照射，实现了所述副光束对所述第一模制部件的加热，使得加热不仅仅通过热传导进行，从而可排除所述第二模制部件被加热到分解温度以上。
根据本发明的所述方法，一种优选改进在于：使用振镜扫描仪作为移动系统。借助于通过振镜移动的镜子，可因此实现高写入速度，使得主光束可以在待焊接的轮廓上被特别快速地引导。
附图说明
下面将参照附图，基于示例性实施例对本发明进行更详细地解释。附图为示意图，示出了：
图1示出了适于执行根据本发明所述的方法的一装置；
图2示出了图1中根据本发明的一装置的细节；
图3示出了一模制部件的一接合面处的焊接轮廓；及
图4为能量/时间图。
具体实施方式
图1显示了用于焊接连接第一模制部件2和第二模制部件3的装置1。所述模制部件2、3皆为热塑性塑料。所述装置1包括夹紧设备4，该夹紧设备被设计成使得所述模制部件2、3彼此抵接并支撑它们。该支撑由箭头5、6示意性地示出。所述装置1还包括两个辐射源7、8，二者被布置在共同的壳体9中。此处的所述第一辐射源7发射主光束10，所述第二辐射源8发射副光束11(见图2)。
在该示例性实施例中，所述辐射源7、8形成为单独的辐射源，每个辐射源配备有发射不同波长范围的激光。所述两个辐射源7、8在其发射和强度方面可彼此分开控制。还示出了移动系统12，此例中即为振镜扫描仪，所述两个辐射源7、8的光束在其中被引导。
所述第一模制部件2对于所述主光束10是可穿透的，使得所述光束可透过所述第一模制部件2，并且可被吸收在所述第二模制部件3中。所述第二模制部件3吸收所述主光束10于近表面层中。所述副光束11被所述第一模制部件2吸收，使得所述第一模制部件2可通过所述副光束11的照射而被加热。借助对所述辐射源7、8的适当控制，用所述主光束10和所述副光束11可顺序地照射所述第一模制部件2和所述第二模制部件3。因此，所述两个模制部件2、3得以在时间上被先后照射，且是由所述主光束10和所述副光束11交替进行。
图2示出了图1中所述装置1的细节。从图中可以看出，所述副光束11落在所述第一模制部件2中，特别是在其体积中。因此，所述副光束11的焦点13位于所述第一模制部件2的体积中。所述主光束10具有焦点14，该焦点位于所述第二模制部件3中的近表面层中，使得所述第二模制部件3的所述接合面被选择性地加热，该接合面面向所述第一模制部件2。
图3示出了从上方看(即从所述移动系统12的角度看)的所述第一模制部件2和所述第二模制部件3的示例性加工轮廓。所述主光束10和所述副光束11以高写入速度沿着所示轮廓15被引导，且随着时间以可自由选择的强度进行可自由选择的交替开启。这就得到了所述两个模制部件2、3在其接合面处的选择性的快速加热。
图4示出了示例性焊接过程的能量/时间图。在此，时间绘制在横坐标上，并且特定辐射源7、8或所述主光束10和所述副光束11的能量绘制在纵坐标上。所述主光束10的能量在第一区间中，以附图标记16标示，并且所述副光束11的能量在第二区间中，以附图标记17标示。可以看出，所述两个模制部件2、3由所述主光束10和所述副光束11进行顺序地照射。在焊接过程开始时，首先所述主光束10开启，其以能量值16示出。此时，所述副光束11关闭。在时间18处，所述主光束10关闭，所述副光束11开启，其在图中以所述副光束11的能量值17示出。在时间19处，所述副光束11关闭，所述主光束10再次开启，但其具有更高的强度，使得所述主光束10的能量相对于能量值16增加至能量值20。在时间21处，所述主光束10再次关闭，所述副光束11再次开启，但其强度低于时间18和19之间的强度，这样就提供了低于能量值17的能量值22。在时间23处，所述副光束11关闭，使得所述两个模制部件2、3的接合面冷却并可以彼此连接。
由于所述主光束10和所述副光束11往复(交替)开启和关闭，这些能够以与常规的焊接方法相比更高的能量进行操作，因为所述两个辐射源7、8(即所述主光束10或所述副光束11)的能量在各情形下可以选择性地落在所述两个模制部件2、3的其中一个中。这样就防止了所述主光束10和所述副光束11同时将过多的能量引入至所述第二模制部件3中而损坏所述的第二模制部件。

Claims (16)

1.一种用于焊接连接第一模制部件(2)的第一接合面和第二模制部件(3)的第二接合面的方法，所述第一模制部件(2)和所述第二模制部件(3)通过夹紧设备(4)移动和支撑，所述接合面彼此接触，其中所述第一模制部件(2)对于第一辐射源(7)的主光束(10)是至少部分可穿透的，且对于第二辐射源(8)的副光束(11)是至少部分可吸收的，所述第二模制部件(3)对于所述主光束(10)是至少部分可吸收的；其中以所述主光束(10)照射所述第二模制部件(3)并以所述副光束(11)照射所述第一模制部件(2)，两者按时间顺序轮流替换进行，其特征在于，所述主光束(10)的第一焦点(14)位于所述第二接合面上，所述副光束(11)的第二焦点(13)位于所述第一模制部件(2)的体积内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，使用单色光束作为主光束(10)，使用多色光束作为副光束(11)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，使用激光辐射作为主光束(10)或作为主光束(10)和副光束(11)。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述主光束(10)的波长和/或所述副光束(11)的波长在500-1100nm的第一区间内或900-2400nm的第二区间内。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，控制设备根据第一参数开启和关闭所述主光束(10)，根据第二参数开启和关闭所述副光束(11)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述主光束(10)和所述副光束(11)以至少两个序列交替地开启和关闭。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一参数和/或所述第二参数和/或所述主光束(10)和/或所述副光束(11)的写入速度和/或所述主光束(10)和/或所述副光束(11)的强度被限定为使得所述第一和第二模制部件(2、3)中照射的能量输入大于热传导的能量释放。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一参数和/或所述第二参数和/或所述主光束(10)和/或所述副光束(11)的写入速度和/或所述主光束(10)和/或所述副光束(11)的强度被限定为使得所述第一和第二模制部件(2、3)中照射的能量输入大于热传导的能量释放。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一和/或第二模制部件(2、3)中所述能量输入的最小值被限定为使所述第一和/或第二接合面的熔合状态得以保持。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一和/或第二模制部件(2、3)中所述能量输入的最小值被限定为使所述第一和/或第二接合面的熔合状态得以保持。
11.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一和/或第二模制部件(2、3)中所述能量输入的最大值被限定使得不达到所述第一和/或第二模制部件(2、3)的分解温度。
12.根据权利要求9或10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一和/或第二模制部件(2、3)中所述能量输入的最大值被限定使得不达到所述第一和/或第二模制部件(2、3)的分解温度。
13.根据权利要求9或10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一和/或第二模制部件(2、3)被可移动地安装，以使得所述两个模制部件(2、3)在熔合状态中以限定的路径熔合。
14.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一和/或第二模制部件(2、3)被可移动地安装，以使得所述两个模制部件(2、3)在熔合状态中以限定的路径熔合。
15.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一和/或第二模制部件(2、3)被可移动地安装，以使得所述两个模制部件(2、3)在熔合状态中以限定的路径熔合。
16.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，使用振镜扫描仪作为移动系统。
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