CN108694799A - Fire behavior alarm - Google Patents
Fire behavior alarm Download PDFInfo
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- CN108694799A CN108694799A CN201810736425.7A CN201810736425A CN108694799A CN 108694799 A CN108694799 A CN 108694799A CN 201810736425 A CN201810736425 A CN 201810736425A CN 108694799 A CN108694799 A CN 108694799A
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- fire behavior
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- processing module
- temperature
- scm system
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/06—Electric actuation of the alarm, e.g. using a thermally-operated switch
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
- G08B17/117—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means by using a detection device for specific gases, e.g. combustion products, produced by the fire
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- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of fire behavior alarm, including, SCM system processing module, CO gas concentrations, smokescope and temperature sensor detection module, LED liquid-crystal display displaying scene thermal module, buzzer and two LED light;The temperature-measuring range of wherein temperature sensor is -55 DEG C~125 DEG C of range, and highest resolution is up to 0.5 DEG C, and measurement result is with 9 bit digital quantity displays temperature values, using+5V power supply power supplies, it is identical as microcontroller supply voltage, microcontroller power supply can be used directly, do not need individually designed power circuit;SCM system includes power supply module, clock module, reset circuit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of firefighting security device more particularly to a kind of fire behavior alarms.
Background technology
Fire behavior is a kind of chemical reaction, usually along with smog, carbon monoxide, the variation of the environmental factors such as temperature.Pass through
Fire behavior hidden danger can be found early to the monitoring of these environmental factors, taken timely measure, so that it may to avoid to greatest extent to the greatest extent
Easily there is fire behavior and report phenomenon by mistake there are sensitivity is not high in the generation of fire behavior accident, existing fire behavior alarm, it is desirable to provide a kind of
High sensitivity and the fire behavior alarm for being less prone to wrong report avoid wrong report from bringing while ensureing user's personal safety as well as the property safety
The consuming of manpower and cost of equipment maintenance.
Invention content
Present invention aims at provide a kind of high sensitivity and the low fire behavior alarm of rate of false alarm.
Fire behavior alarm provided by the invention, 1, a kind of fire behavior alarm, including:One SCM system processing module,
Including a power supply module, a clock module and a reset circuit;One CO gas concentration sensors, a smog solubility sensor and one
Temperature sensor is electrically connected with the SCM system processing module respectively, is respectively used to CO gas concentrations, the cigarette at detection scene
Mistiness degree and temperature;One liquid crystal display is electrically connected with the SCM system processing module, is used for displaying scene temperature;
One buzzer is electrically connected with the SCM system processing module, receive that the SCM system processing module transmits when
Clock signal beeps;And a pair of of LED light, it is electrically connected with the SCM system processing module.
Preferably, the temperature sensor uses the precision for 0.5 DEG C of temperature sensor, and temperature-measuring range is -55 DEG C
~125 DEG C.
Preferably, the power supply module is 5V power modules.
Preferably, the temperature sensor is electrically connected with the power supply module of the SCM system processing module.
Preferably, the clock module includes a clock input pin and a clock out pin, and the input always is drawn
Foot and the output pin always are connected on respectively on two crystal oscillator pins of a crystal oscillator, and the crystal oscillator pin first end connects respectively again
Second end is grounded after one trimmer.
Preferably, the reset circuit include a reset pin, a key switch, a current-limiting resistance, the reset pin,
The key switch and the current-limiting resistance are sequentially connected, and the other end is directly connected on+5V voltages, when microcontroller needs manually again
When position, pushes button switch and realize hand-reset.
Preferably, the buzzer uses passive buzzer.
The present invention provides a kind of fire behavior alarm that a kind of anti-interference is good, susceptibility is high and rate of false alarm is low;Its CO is sensed
Device detects scene CO concentration and concentration signal is passed to SCM system processing module, and in addition its temperature sensor transmits scene
Wherein to the SCM system processing module, passive buzzer alarm bee and LED light can receive the list to temperature signal
Alarm is carried out after piece machine system processing module signal, the signal of the passive buzzer work is square wave, passes through SCM system
Processing module exports a clock signal to control buzzer alarm, and when temperature value is higher than setting value, buzzer alarm is reminded
Pay attention to temperature anomaly;When smokescope and high CO concentration ratio reference standard values, buzzer alarm and LED light flash for prompting fire behavior
Occur, give SCM system processing module by the different index of multimode sensor passes, realize and dimensionally fire behavior is monitored,
The anti-interference of the fire behavior alarm can be improved and susceptibility and reduce rate of false alarm.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram for the fire behavior alarm that first embodiment of the invention provides;
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram for the temperature sensor that first embodiment of the invention provides;
Fig. 3 is the smokescope sensor circuit figure that first embodiment of the invention provides;
Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram for the CO concentration sensors that first embodiment of the invention provides;
Fig. 5 is the circuit for alarming figure that first embodiment of the invention provides;
Fig. 6 is the fire behavior alarm main program flow chart that first embodiment of the invention provides;
Fig. 7 is the flow chart for each sensor detection subprogram that first embodiment of the invention provides.
Specific implementation mode
1 fire behavior detects the system design of alarm
1.1 systematic design discipline
Single fire behavior sensor is not high to the response sensitivity of fire behavior characteristic parameter, its detectivity is caused to be limited
System, threshold value is excessively high, is easy delayed alert, and threshold value is too low, is easy mistake alarm.Once selection is incorrect, it is easy for causing to misrepresent deliberately, leaks
Report, brings great security risk, serious to be likely to result in great property loss.
Fire behavior includes many characteristic parameters, can be patrolled several parameters by being detected to multiple characteristic parameters
Volume with or other algorithms realize.It can improve a lot than single detective to the response speed and accuracy rate of many reference amounts detection.
A large amount of carbon monoxide and smog can be discharged before fire behavior generation, and the relative molecular mass of carbon monoxide is lighter than air,
Diffusion velocity is fast, can be quickly be detected by a sensor.Carbon monoxide and smokescope content in normal environment is low, will not be right
The wrong report of sensor impacts.Currently, the detection technique of CO gas concentrations is very advanced, the accuracy and sensing of detection
The usage time of device all has been obtained for prodigious raising.Therefore, by monitoring the variation of CO gas concentrations and smokescope, lead to
It crosses sensor to convert the variation of this concentration, use is to determine whether occur fire behavior.Equally, fire behavior also will produce big before occurring
The heat of amount leads to the raising of ambient temperature.So temperature is also in the parameter detected as fire behavior.
1.2 system global structures design
Modular division is carried out according to completing for task is wanted to warning system, following main mould can be divided into
Block:AT89S52 SCM system processing modules, CO gas concentrations, smokescope and temperature sensor detection module, LCD liquid crystal
Display displaying scene thermal module, buzzer and two LED light alarms simultaneously, overall structure block diagram is as shown in Figure 1.
2 hardware designs
2.1 collecting sensor signal circuit designs
In fire behavior early stage because insufficient contact with oxygen, a lot of combustibles do not burn it is thorough, generate a large amount of white cigarettes and
Black particle, also generates a large amount of carbon monoxide, and heat and moisture can be also released before same burning.Therefore, smokescope,
Carbonomonoxide concentration, humiture are exactly to select the important symbol of sensor.Select the sensor of this 3 kinds of parameters, and to they into
Row accurately acquisition and effective conversion, is that whole system stablizes the essential condition realized.The type selecting of sensor with regard to particularly significant,
Select suitable sensor that can bring great convenience to design.
In conjunction with the parameter that system need to check, choose sensor appropriate, reference measure principle is completed to survey to design circuit
Measure function.Microcontroller is by constantly reading measured value, compared with being carried out constantly with the value of setting, then carries out and sentences after operation
It is fixed.
2.1.1 temperature sensor type selecting and circuit design
This secondary design carries out alarm when temperature appearance exception by detecting the temperature value at scene when reaching setting value.Pass through
It was found that DS18B20 temperature sensors are relatively suitble to, it is easy to use to be controlled in temperature since the sensor itself design is small and exquisite
Field utilization rate is very high.It transmits collected temperature value using single line, and measured temperature is exported with zero-sum one, simplifies
Using needing to design many complicated circuits when analog temperature sensor, read and more convenient to use.This special company
It connects mode and only only takes up a single-chip I/O mouth, more resource processing can be reserved to microcontroller and complete other function.And
This one-line transmission mode of DS18B20 temperature sensors can greatly improve the anti-interference ability of system, can fit
Answer the test environment of around.The temperature-measuring range of DS18B20 is -55 DEG C~+125 DEG C of range, and highest resolution is up to 0.5
DEG C, measurement result is with 9 bit digital quantity displays temperature values.It is identical as microcontroller supply voltage using+5V power supply power supplies, it can be direct
Using microcontroller power supply, individually power circuit need not be designed to it.
After DS18B20 completes the conversion of temperature, exported with 16 binary systems, it, must to read this 16 bit binary data
It must operate in strict accordance with its work schedule, could work normally in this way.The workflow of DS18B20 is:Initialization, ROM
Operational order, memory operation instruction, TCP data segment.Temperature sensor DS18B20 Acquisition Circuits are as shown in Figure 2.
2.1.2 smoke sensor device type selecting and circuit design
This secondary design to be used is smoke sensor device, compares various similar sensor in the market and finds their principles all
It is similarly the same, all it is that the physical quantity of tested gas is switched into analog voltage signal.Semiconductor smoke sensor device is aoxidized with metal
Object SnO2 is the N-type semiconductor material of main material, when it touches tested gas, with the increasing of tested gas concentration
Power-up conductance constantly increases.This design alternative MQ-2 smoke sensor devices, it has high sensitivity, and response signal is fast, uses
Time is longer, can be operated under complicated environmental condition.
Smokescope is a physical quantity, and how to acquire this physical quantity is the key that detection, can in conjunction with sensor knowledge
To convert physical quantity to voltage signal with sensor.Common analog to digital conversion method is to use analog-digital converter,.It presses
4 can be divided into according to digit, 8,10, the translation types such as 12 have many this integrated converters, this collection on the market at present
It is easy to use at converter.
The present invention selects comparator to complete conversion of the voltage signal to digital signal.Add simultaneously in the output end of comparator
One LED light, it is bright to export LED light when being low, exports LED light when being high and does not work.Microcontroller is drawn by constantly reading this
The level signal of foot, when making explanation reach alarm set value not yet for high level, explanation reaches alarm design when being low level
Value.Smokescope circuit diagram is as shown in Figure 3.
2.1.3 carbon monoxide transducer type selecting and circuit design
The design acquires carbon monoxide gas concentration using MQ-7 carbon monoxide transducers, it and MQ-2 belong to MQ series
One kind of sensor, operation principle are also all identical.Meanwhile sensory characteristic, technical indicator and MQ-2 are essentially identical.
Carbon monoxide transducer MQ-7 acquisition principles are similar to smoke sensor device MQ-2 acquisition principles, carbon monoxide transducer
Signal acquisition circuit is as shown in Figure 4.
2.2 single-chip minimum system
2.2.1 power supply module
According to AT89S52 chip handbooks, which powers to microcontroller.
2.2.2 clock module
AT89S52 clock input pins and output pin are connected on respectively on two pins of crystal oscillator, and each pin is connecing one
A trimmer, other end ground connection.
2.2.3 reset circuit
To ensure that the success that automatically resets, high level needed at least two machine cycles.Hand-reset is straight in reset pin
A key switch and current-limiting resistance are connect in succession, and the other end is directly connected on+5V voltages.When microcontroller needs hand-reset,
Switch is pushed button, the instant of time pressed enough two machine cycles are loaded directly into high level and realize hand-reset.
AT89S52 minimum system circuit diagrams are as shown in Figure 5.
2.3 LCD1602 LCD MODULEs design
In system design, liquid crystal is passed through frequently as its display device.It is very low with power consumption, usage time is long, to environment
It is required that the features such as low.Since single LCD display is easily broken, many producers production when with regard to LCD driver, controller,
Character generator ROM and self-defining character RAM are integrated, convenience in transport and preservation.Integrated LCD is liquid crystal display mode
Block.Compact-sized, the easy installation of module, it is user-friendly.
The design selects LCD1602 Character Mode LCDs.Normal working voltage is 4.5V and 5.5V, exemplary operation electricity
Pressure is 5V, identical as the Typical operating voltages of AT89S52 microcontrollers, and power supply module, work electricity are designed without being individually for it
Stream is 2mA.
A character is shown on LCD liquid crystal displays, first has to the state for reading liquid crystal display, then write order,
Then data are write, finally show character.Since LCD belongs to slow display, it is required for when command instruction is written to register every time
LCD status is inquired, the busy condition flag bit of liquid crystal display is BF.As flag bit BF=1, illustrate liquid crystal display
Device is in busy condition, and display needs to wait for.Illustrate that liquid crystal display is in not busy condition as flag bit BF=0, it can be immediately
Display.
This 3 pins of RS, R/W and E of LCD1602 are connected on microcontroller P2.0, P2.1 and P2.2 pin respectively.Microcontroller is logical
It crosses to this 3 pin sets or clear " 0 ", so that it may to be written and read operation to LCD1602.It reads to need microcontroller when mesomorphic state
Control signal is sent to liquid crystal LCD1602 liquid crystal displays, RS=0, R/W=1, E=1, microcontroller is that liquid crystal display can be read
The state of device.Microcontroller is needed to send control signal, RS=0, R/W=1, E=positive pulses, list to liquid crystal display when write order
Piece machine can be to liquid crystal display writing commands word.Microcontroller is needed to send control signal, RS to liquid crystal display when writing data
Data word can be written to liquid crystal display in=0, R/W=1, E=positive pulse, microcontroller.
After microcontroller writes the data in LCD module, the font data of ROM in character repertoire can be directly read, and idiomorphism
Data are sent on liquid crystal display, this process is automatically performed.
2.4 circuit for alarming design
Circuit for alarming carries out alarm using passive buzzer alarm bee and LED light.The ideal signal of passive buzzer work
For square wave, passive buzzer only connects direct current and will not work.It is i.e. controllable that a clock signal is exported by AT89S52 microcontrollers
Buzzer alarm.When temperature value is higher than setting value, buzzer alarm points out temperature anomaly, pays attention to checking.When smog is dense
When degree and CO concentration ratio reference standard values are high, buzzer alarm and LED light flash for prompting fire behavior occur.Physical circuit such as Fig. 5 institutes
Show.
3 fire behaviors detect warning system Software for Design
3.1 main program flow chart
This system design is completed jointly under being coordinated together by hardware circuit and software program, needed for this system
After hardware is decided completely, software program is write according to the characteristic of hardware, the action of each module when writing software
It distinguishes, requires monitoring being divided into multiple small modules here, and be defined each small module.Each module
All orderly being set out comes, and is reasonably that each module definition function and interface define.Alarming controller mainly to temperature,
CO concentration, smokescope are acquired, and call temperature acquisition subprogram first, judge whether temperature exceeds setting range, if
Temperature calls alarm subprogram to carry out alarm beyond setting range;Secondly it calls CO concentration to acquire subprogram, sees if fall out
Setting value;Smokescope is called to acquire subprogram again, whether interpretation smokescope exceeds setting value, if CO and smokescope are same
When exceed setting value, then call alarm subprogram carry out alarm.Main program flow chart is as shown in Figure 6.
According to the flow chart of setting, the programming of the design is completed using C language, it is a kind of language on basis
Speech.The program of C language design is not only simple and clear, makes one to be easy to understand, and analysis is got up also easier;And the scope of application
Extensively, grammer is also more relaxed.
The subroutine flow chart of 3.2 sensors acquisition
For ease of system maintenance and functions expanding, using modeled programming.First to monolithic after warning system startup
Machine initializes, and alarm function is realized by acquiring subroutine call to 3 kinds of sensors.The flow chart of each sensor detection subprogram
As shown in Figure 7.
4 conclusions
The present invention is low for single parameter fire case detector sensitivity, the case where being also easy to produce false alarm, is occurred according to fire behavior
When simultaneously show a variety of physical phenomenons, monitoring is carried out at the same time to many reference amounts using 3 kinds of temperature, smog, CO gases sensors, and
The foundation judged as fire behavior after fusion, to which false alarm rate be greatly lowered.Simulation result shows that the system can be visited accurately
Various standard fire and test fire are surveyed, there is very strong anti-interference ability.
The above for those of ordinary skill in the art can according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and technology
Other various corresponding change and deformations are made in design, and all these change and distortions should all belong to the appended right of the present invention
It is required that protection domain.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of fire behavior alarm, including:
One SCM system processing module a comprising power supply module, a clock module and a reset circuit;
One CO gas concentration sensors, a smokescope sensor and a temperature sensor, respectively at the SCM system
Module electrical connection is managed, is respectively used to CO gas concentrations, smokescope and the temperature at detection scene, and the signal detected is transmitted
To the SCM system processing module;
One liquid crystal display is electrically connected with the SCM system processing module, is used for displaying scene temperature;
One buzzer is electrically connected with the SCM system processing module, is received the SCM system processing module and is transmitted
Clock signal beep;And
A pair of of LED light is electrically connected with the SCM system processing module, for receiving.
2. a kind of fire behavior alarm according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the temperature sensor use precision for
0.5 DEG C of temperature sensor, temperature-measuring range are -55 DEG C~125 DEG C.
3. a kind of fire behavior alarm according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the power supply module is 5V power modules.
4. a kind of fire behavior alarm according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the temperature sensor and the microcontroller
The power supply module of system processing module is electrically connected.
5. a kind of fire behavior alarm according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the clock module is inputted including a clock
Pin and a clock out pin, the input pin always and the output pin always are connected on two crystalline substances of a crystal oscillator respectively
It shakes on pin, second end is grounded after the crystal oscillator pin first end connects a trimmer respectively again.
6. a kind of fire behavior alarm according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the reset circuit includes that a reset is drawn
Foot, a key switch, a current-limiting resistance, the reset pin, the key switch and the current-limiting resistance are sequentially connected, another
End is directly connected on+5V voltages, when microcontroller needs hand-reset, is pushed button switch and is realized hand-reset.
7. a kind of fire behavior alarm according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the buzzer uses passive buzzer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810736425.7A CN108694799A (en) | 2018-07-06 | 2018-07-06 | Fire behavior alarm |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810736425.7A CN108694799A (en) | 2018-07-06 | 2018-07-06 | Fire behavior alarm |
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| CN108694799A true CN108694799A (en) | 2018-10-23 |
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ID=63851340
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| CN201810736425.7A Pending CN108694799A (en) | 2018-07-06 | 2018-07-06 | Fire behavior alarm |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112017389A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2020-12-01 | 杭州海康消防科技有限公司 | Fire detector and fire detection method |
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