CN108690044A - α-无取代或氟取代的噻吩稠合苯并三氮唑衍生物及其聚合物 - Google Patents
α-无取代或氟取代的噻吩稠合苯并三氮唑衍生物及其聚合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108690044A CN108690044A CN201810439597.8A CN201810439597A CN108690044A CN 108690044 A CN108690044 A CN 108690044A CN 201810439597 A CN201810439597 A CN 201810439597A CN 108690044 A CN108690044 A CN 108690044A
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- triazole
- fens
- sai
- hexyl
- gui
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- -1 fluorine-substituted thiophene Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 125000003354 benzotriazolyl group Chemical class N1N=NC2=C1C=CC=C2* 0.000 title claims abstract 5
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 83
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- TUCRZHGAIRVWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromothiophene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CS1 TUCRZHGAIRVWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 8
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052731 fluorine Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
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- 150000003577 thiophenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical class [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 20
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- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QFLWZFQWSBQYPS-AWRAUJHKSA-N (3S)-3-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[5-[(3aS,6aR)-2-oxo-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrothieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoylamino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-4-[1-bis(4-chlorophenoxy)phosphorylbutylamino]-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound CCCC(NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CCCCC1SC[C@@H]2NC(=O)N[C@H]12)C(C)C)P(=O)(Oc1ccc(Cl)cc1)Oc1ccc(Cl)cc1 QFLWZFQWSBQYPS-AWRAUJHKSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical class Br* 0.000 description 1
- YKYMGFHOJJOSEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-ol;potassium Chemical compound [K].CCCCO YKYMGFHOJJOSEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical group [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D495/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D495/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D495/04—Ortho-condensed systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种用于有机半导体材料的α‑无取代或α‑氟取代的噻吩稠合苯并三氮唑衍生物及其在两侧桥连噻吩后与不同给体形成的聚合物,属于有机高分子和光电功能材料领域。本发明的α‑无取代或氟取代的噻吩稠合苯并三氮唑衍生物受体单元具有较强的拉电子能力,其与不同给体单元所形成的D‑A型聚合物具有中等偏宽的带隙(1.60‑2.00ev),与很多窄带隙的小分子受体材料或聚合物受体材料具有很好的光谱互补,是一种优良的有机异质结太阳能电池的给体材料。本发明提供的聚合物在400‑700nm范围内有很强的吸收性能,并且通过改变X和Ar等可以很方便地调节聚合物的吸收光谱、带隙以及电荷传输等光电性能,在相应领域具有良好好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于有机半导体材料的α-无取代或α-氟取代的噻吩稠合苯并三氮唑衍生物及其在两侧桥连噻吩后与不同给体形成的聚合物,属于有机高分子和光电功能材料领域。
背景技术
近年来,能源问题备受人类关注。而有机聚合物太阳能电池(PSCs)作为一种新型能源,因其具有质轻、价廉、易剪裁、易加工以及可以通过溶液过程制得大面积的柔性器件等优点引起了人们的广泛关注。因此,设计具有高光电转换效率以及高电荷迁移率的有机聚合物材料显得尤为重要。目前,通过分子结构设计与修饰及器件优化,有机聚合物太阳能的光电转化效率已经超过14%。为获得较高的光电转换效率,要求所设计的有机聚合物给体材料具有合适的带隙以匹配太阳光的光谱,以及具有较好的平面性以利于载流子的传输。D-A(有机给体—有机受体单元)结构是目前用于PSCs给体材料的共轭聚合物最为成功的设计思路。为此,人们合成了一系列性能优良的给受体单元以调节聚合物分子的能级、带隙和吸收,如苯并二噻吩(BDT)、二噻吩并硅咯(DTS)等等,而性能优异的新型有机受体单元则较少。因此,合成具有优良光电性能的有机受体单元十分必要,其具有很大的发展潜力。
2-位烷基链取代的苯并[d][1,2,3]三氮唑(BTz)及其衍生物也是有机半导体材料中常用的分子结构之一。由于BTz单元仅具有中等强度的拉电子特性,因此以BTz为有机受体单元与不同的有机给体单元共聚形成的D-A共聚物分子的带隙相对较宽,对可见光的吸收范围偏窄,同时其HOMO-LUMO能级较高,不利于其电池器件同时拥有较高的开路电压和电流密度。为此,人们常在苯并三氮唑的5,6号位点引入拉电子基团或扩展其共轭结构来调控其能级并拓宽吸收光谱,以改善其光电性质和器件性能。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种α-无取代或氟取代的噻吩稠合苯并三氮唑衍生物及其作为有机受体单元与不同的给体单元共聚合成的具有D-A结构的共轭有机聚合物。通过在苯并三氮唑稠合α-无取代或氟取代的噻吩环使所合成相应聚合物材料展示了优良的光电性能,在相应领域具有应用前景。
本发明提供的α-无取代或氟取代的噻吩稠合苯并三氮唑衍生物,具有通式Ⅰ所示的结构:
其中,X为氢或氟原子,Y为氢或卤素原子,R1为具有1-20个碳原子的烷基链。
本发明所提供的α-无取代或氟取代的噻吩稠合苯并三氮唑衍生物在两侧桥连噻吩后与不同的给体共聚合成的有机聚合物,具有以下结构:
式中,A环和B环独立地选自未取代或R2取代的噻吩、呋喃、硒吩、吡咯、苯环,n为1-40之间的整数,R1为具有1-20个碳原子的烷基链,R2为具有1-20个碳原子的烷基链或烷氧链,X为氢原子或氟原子,Ar代表取代或未取代的芳基。
所述的芳基为单环亚芳基,双环亚芳基,三环及以上环的亚芳基,单环杂亚芳基,双环杂亚芳基,三环及以上环的杂亚芳基,稠合至亚芳基或杂亚芳基的含氧、硫或硒的亚芳基,或通过单键相连的2-4个亚芳基所形成的基团。
Ar代表的取代的芳基中的取代基为芳基或具有1-40个碳原子的烷基和烷氧基链。
在一些实施方案中,Ar或为取代或未取代的含硫的1-4个杂原子单环、双环、三环及以上环的杂亚芳基。
在一些实施方案中,Ar也可为稠合至亚芳基或杂亚芳基的含氧、硫或硒的亚芳基。
合适的Ar基团包括但不限于以下的取代或未取代的共轭基团:
其中,*表示连接位置。
在一些实施方案中,式Ⅱ所示的聚合物具有以下式Ⅲ所示的结构单元:
其中,Ar、X与R1均如式Ⅱ中所定义。
式Ⅱ所示的聚合物的数均分子量一般在1000-300000,分子量大的聚合物在性能上更好,而较小分子量的聚合物具有较好的溶解性。
本发明提供了上述α-无取代或氟取代的噻吩稠合苯并三氮唑衍生物的合成方法,具体包括如下步骤:
第一步:乙基-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑-6-羧酸酯在叔丁醇钾的条件下与7-溴甲基十五烷反应得到乙基-2-[己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑-6-羧酸酯;
第二步:乙基-2-[己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑-6-羧酸酯在氢氧化锂的条件下水解得2-[己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑6-羧酸;
第三步:2-[己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑-6-羧酸在醋酸银和碳酸钾加热的条件下脱羧得到2-[己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑(亦即α-无取代噻吩稠合苯并三氮唑);
第四步:2-[己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑在丁基锂的作用下脱去稠合噻吩环的α-氢原子(6-位氢原子)后再与N-氟二苯磺酰胺反应得到6-氟-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑(亦即α-氟代噻吩稠合苯并三氮唑)。
本发明还提供了式Ⅱ所示的聚合物的合成方法,具体包括如下步骤:
第一步:2-[己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑或6-氟-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑在液溴的条件下反应得到4,8-二溴-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑或4,8-二溴-6-氟-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑;
第二步:4,8-二溴-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑或4,8-二溴-6-氟-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑与α-三丁基锡基噻吩在四[三苯基膦]钯的催化下反应得到2-[2-己基癸基]-4,8-双[噻吩-2-基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑或6-氟-2-[2-己基癸基]-4,8-双[噻吩-2-基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑;
第三步:2-[2-己基癸基]-4,8-双[噻吩-2-基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑或6-氟-2-[2-己基癸基]-4,8-双[噻吩-2-基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑在NBS的条件下发生溴代反应生成4,8-双(5-溴噻吩-2-基)-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑或4,8-双(5-溴噻吩-2-基)-6-氟-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑;
第四步:在氩气保护下将第三步所制得的双溴取代的α-无取代噻吩稠合苯并三氮唑或α-氟代噻吩稠合苯并三氮唑衍生物单体分别与给体单元的双锡试剂按1:1摩尔比混合,用Pd(PPh3)4作为催化剂,甲苯作溶剂,110℃加热回流,通过Stille偶联反应制得目标聚合物。
反应完成后冷却至室温,将混合物倒入甲醇中以析出聚合物,产物用索氏提取器依次通过正己烷、丙酮和甲醇等抽提去除杂质,然后再用氯仿抽提所得到的聚合物,蒸出溶剂后的产物在真空干燥箱内干燥。
本发明的优点表现在以下几个方面:
1.本发明提供的α-无取代或氟取代的噻吩稠合苯并三氮唑衍生物所形成的聚合物具有好的热稳定性,热分解温度在300℃以上。
2.本发明提供的α-无取代或氟取代的噻吩稠合苯并三氮唑衍生物受体单元所形成的聚合物具有优良的光电性能,在400-700nm范围内有很强的吸收性能,并且通过改变X和Ar等可以很方便地调节聚合物的吸收光谱、带隙以及电荷传输等光电性能。
3.本发明的α-无取代或氟取代的噻吩稠合苯并三氮唑衍生物受体单元具有较强的拉电子能力,其与不同给体单元所形成的D-A型聚合物具有中等偏宽的带隙(1.60-2.00ev),与很多窄带隙的小分子受体材料或聚合物受体材料具有很好的光谱互补,是一种优良的有机异质结太阳能电池的给体材料。
4.本发明提供的所有聚合物均具有良好的溶解性,溶于四氢呋喃、氯仿、甲苯、氯苯和二氯苯等常见的有机溶剂。
附图说明
图1为实施例2中聚合物PBDT-BTzT、PBDT-fBTzT、PfBDT-BTzT和PfBDT-fBTzT在氯仿溶液中的紫外-可见吸收光谱。
图2为实施例2中聚合物在膜状态下的紫外-可见吸收光谱。
图3为实施例2中聚合物的循环伏安曲线。
图4为实施例2中聚合物的J-V曲线。
图5为实施例2中聚合物的IPCE曲线。
图6为实施例3中聚合物PBTzT-BDT-2fBTzT、PfBTzT-BDT-2fBTzT、PBTzT-fBDT-2fBTzT和PfBTzT-fBDT-2fBTzT在氯仿溶液中的紫外-可见吸收光谱。
图7为实施例3中聚合物在膜状态下的紫外-可见吸收光谱。
图8为实施例3中聚合物的循环伏安曲线。
图9为实施例3中聚合物的J-V曲线。
图10为实施例3中聚合物的IPCE曲线。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体的实施例对本发明的技术方案和应用作进一步的说明。
实施例1:4,8-双(5-溴噻吩-2-基)-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑和4,8-双(5-溴噻吩-2-基)-6-氟-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑的制备:
合成路线如下:
合成方法为:
步骤1:乙基-2-[己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑-6-羧酸酯(化合物2)的制备
氩气氛围下,向250mL圆底烧瓶中加入乙基-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑-6-羧酸酯(化合物1)(3.0g,12.1mmol)、7-溴甲基十五烷(4.1g,13.3mmol)、叔丁醇钾(1.77g,15.7mmol)和100mLDMF。升温至回流温度剧烈搅拌下反应48h,停止反应。将反应液倒入冰水中,乙酸乙酯萃取2遍,合并有机相,有机层采用无水硫酸钠干燥剂干燥后减压蒸干溶剂。粗产品用柱层析操作进行分离纯化(用石油醚/乙酸乙酯体积比为24:1的混合溶剂作为淋洗剂),纯化后获得无色油状物(化合物2)1.6g,收率28.7%。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,δppm):8.413(s,1H),8.344(s,1H),8.105(s,1H),4.710(d,J=6.0Hz,2H),4.441(m,2H),2.310(m,1H),2.20(m,1H),1.458-1.221(m,21H),0.858-0.836(m,8H).EI-MS:理论计算值:[C27H41N3O2S]+:471.29;发现值:471.18。
步骤2:2-[己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑-6-羧酸(化合物3)的制备
向100mL圆底烧瓶中加入乙基-2-[己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑-6-羧酸酯(化合物2)(2.7g,5.7mmol)、一水合氢氧化锂(2.39g,57mmol),并将其溶于四氢呋喃和水的混合溶剂中,加热50℃搅拌过夜,停止反应。将反应液用乙酸乙酯萃取2遍,合并有机相,有机层采用无水硫酸钠干燥剂干燥后减压蒸干溶剂得白色固体(化合物3)2.4g,产率95%。
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO,δppm):8.347(s,1H),8.302(s,1H),7.527(s,1H),4.673(d,J=6.0Hz,2H),2.177(m,1H),2.20(m,1H),1.340-1.149(m,21H),0.798-0.775(m,8H).EI-MS:理论计算值:[C25H37N3O2S]+:443.26;发现值:443.28。
步骤3:2-[己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑(化合物4)的制备
氩气氛围下,向50mL希丁克瓶中加入上步反应得到的产物(化合物3)(497mg,1.12mmol)、醋酸银(93.4mg,0.56mmol)、碳酸钾(154.8mg,1.12mmol)、10mL N-甲基吡咯烷酮,加热160℃反应12小时后停止反应,冷却后用乙酸乙酯萃取2遍,合并有机相,有机层采用无水硫酸钠干燥剂干燥后减压蒸干溶剂。粗产品用柱层析操作进行分离纯化(用石油醚/乙酸乙酯比为10:1的混合溶剂作为淋洗剂),纯化后获得无色油状物(化合物4)390.7mg,收率87.3%。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,δppm):8.340(s,1H),8.281(s,1H),7.445(d,J=6.0Hz,2H),7.353(d,J=6.0Hz,2H),4.679(d,J=3.0Hz,2H),2.317(m,1H),1.429-1.215(m,21H),0.876-0.854(m,8H).EI-MS:理论计算值[C24H37N3S]+:399.27;发现值:399.19。
步骤4:6-氟-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑(化合物5)的制备
氩气氛围下,向100mL希丁克瓶中加入上步反应得到的产物(化合物4)(1.31g,3.28mmol),然后加入30mL经过Na-K合金回流干燥过的四氢呋喃,在-78℃低温条件下缓慢滴加丁基锂(1.44mL,3.6mmol),反应五分钟后,加入N-氟二苯磺酰胺(2.01g,6.56mmol),室温反应过夜后停止反应。用乙酸乙酯萃取2遍,合并有机相,有机层采用无水硫酸钠干燥剂干燥后减压蒸干溶剂。粗产品用柱层析操作进行分离纯化(用石油醚/氯仿体积比为2:1的混合溶剂作为淋洗剂),纯化后获得无色油状物(化合物4)794.0mg,收率59.1%。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,δppm):8.16(s,1H),8.08(s,1H),6.73(d,J=4.0Hz,2H),4.66(d,J=4.0Hz,2H),2.29(m,1H),1.61-1.22(m,21H),0.90-0.83(m,8H).EI-MS:理论计算值[C24H36FN3S]+:417.63;发现值:417.19。
步骤5:4,8-二溴-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑(化合物6)和4,8-二溴-6-氟-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑(化合物7)的制备
在100mL圆底烧瓶中加入2-[己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑(化合物5)(1.2g,3.0mmol)和液溴(1.46g,9.0mmol),然后再加入30mL氯仿,室温搅拌下反应过夜。停止反应,将反应液倒入冰水中,二氯甲烷(30mL)萃取2遍,合并有机相,有机层采用无水硫酸钠干燥剂干燥45min后减压蒸干溶剂。粗产品用柱层析操作进行分离纯化(用石油醚/氯仿体积比为3:1的混合溶剂作为淋洗剂),纯化后获得无色液体(化合物6)1.28g,收率76.8%。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,δppm):.7.594(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.278(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),4.750(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),2.395(m,1H),1.61-1.241(m,21H),0.870-0.853(m,8H).EI-MS:理论计算值[C24H35Br2N3S]+:557.09;发现值:556.99。4,8-二溴-6-氟-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑(化合物7)的合成参照(化合物6)的合成方法。得无色液体364mg,收率68.0%。1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3,δppm):6.34(d,J=4.0Hz,2H),4.65(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),2.332(m,1H),1.35-1.25(m,21H),0.90-0.83(m,8H).EI-MS:理论计算值:[C24H34Br2FN3S]+:575.08;发现值:575.06。
步骤6:2-[2-己基癸基]-4,8-双[噻吩-2-基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑(化合物8)和6-氟-2-[2-己基癸基]-4,8-双[噻吩-2-基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑(化合物9)的制备
在氩气氛围下,向50mL容积的Schlenk瓶中加入4,8-二溴-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑(化合物6)(100mg,0.18mmol)、2-三丁基甲锡烷基噻吩(200m g,0.54mmol)和Pd(PPh3)4(10.4mg,0.009mmol),然后加入10mL经过Na-K合金回流干燥过的甲苯,回流反应48h。反应结束后冷却至室温,减压蒸干溶剂。粗产品用柱层析操作进行分离纯化(用石油醚/氯仿体积比为6:1的混合溶剂作为淋洗剂),纯化后获得黄色固体(化合物8)81.9mg,收率88.7%。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,δppm):8.246(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),7.98(J=4.0Hz,1H),7.54(m,3H),7.27(br,2H),4.79(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),2.32(m,1H),1.38-0.97(m,21H),0.89-0.77(m,12H).EI-MS:理论计算值:[C32H41N3S3]+:563.25;发现值:563.20。6-氟-2-[2-己基癸基]-4,8-双[噻吩-2-基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑(化合物9)的合成参照(化合物8)的合成方法,得浅黄色固体(化合物9)98.0mg,收率74.9%。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,δppm):8.16(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),7.84(m,2H),7.46(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),7.37(m,1H),7.31(m,1H),4.80(d,J=4.0Hz,2H),2.31(m,1H),1.27-0.40(m,21H),0.85-0.82(m,12H).EI-MS:理论计算值:[C32H40FN3S3]+:581.01;发现值:581.24。
步骤7:4,8-双(5-溴噻吩-2-基)-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑(化合物10)和4,8-双(5-溴噻吩-2-基)-6-氟-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑(化合物11)的制备
在50mL圆底烧瓶中加入2-[2-己基癸基]-4,8-双[噻吩-2-基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑(化合物8)(530mg,0.94mmol)和25mL CH2Cl2,室温温度下分几批加入NBS(335mg,1.88mmol),加完后室温反应过夜。将反应液倒入水中,经CH2Cl2萃取后,有机层采用无水硫酸钠干燥剂干燥后减压蒸干溶剂。粗产品用柱层析操作进行分离纯化(用石油醚/氯仿体积比为4:1的混合溶剂作为淋洗剂),纯化后获得黄色固体592mg,收率87.3%。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,δppm):7.92(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),7.89(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),7.56(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),7.53(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),7.24(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),7.22(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),4.78(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),2.32(m,1H),1.35-1.25(m,23H).0.90-0.83(m,6H).EI-MS:理论计算值:[C32H39Br2N3S3]+:721.07;发现值:721.09。4,8-双(5-溴噻吩-2-基)-6-氟-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑(化合物11)的合成方法参照(化合物10)的合成方法,得黄色固体270mg,收率91.8%。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,δppm):7.88(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),7.63(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),7.48(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),7.43(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),7.37(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),4.86(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),2.18(m,1H),1.46-1.23(m,23H).0.86-0.83(m,6H).EI-MS:理论计算值:[C32H39Br2N3S3]+:739.06;发现值:739.03。
实施例2:以实施例1中合成的两个目标单体(化合物10)、(化合物11)分别与2,6-双-(三甲基锡基)-4,8-二-(5-(2-乙基己基)噻吩-2-基)苯并[1,2-b:4,5-b]二噻吩、4,8-双(5-乙基己基(-4-氟噻吩-2-基)苯并[1,2-b:4,5-b’]二噻吩-2,6-二基)双(三甲基锡)共聚得到的四个D-A共聚物的合成。
合成路线如下:
聚合物PBDT-BTzT的合成:
在50mL的Schlenk瓶中加入2,6-双-(三甲基锡基)-4,8-二-(5-(2-乙基己基)噻吩-2-基)苯并[1,2-b:4,5-b]二噻吩(101.2mg,0.11mmol)(化合物12)和4,8-双(5-溴噻吩-2-基)-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑(化合物10)(80.7mg,0.11mmol),然后加入Pd(PPh3)4(3.9mg)。抽真空后通入氩气,重复三次。氩气下向其中加入10mL经过钠-钾合金处理的甲苯。反应液在110℃下反应48h后停止反应。将反应液冷却至室温,减压蒸去溶剂。向产物中加入少量氯仿使其溶解,慢慢倒入甲醇中,将析出的固体聚合物抽滤,然后放入在索氏提取器中依次使用甲醇、丙酮、正己烷为洗脱剂抽提除去小分子和低聚物杂质。最后用氯仿抽提所制备的聚合物,然后重沉淀于甲醇中抽滤,产品真空干燥得到紫黑色固体聚合物(PBDT-BTzT)110mg,产率81.9%。元素分析C66H79N3S7(%):计算值:C,69.61;H,6.99;N,3.69.测量值:C,70.07;H,6.883;N,3.610.GPC:Mn=38kDa,PDI=3.1。
聚合物PBDT-fBTzT的合成:
合成方法类似聚合物PBDT-BTzT:2,6-双-(三甲基锡基)-4,8-二-(5-(2-乙基己基)噻吩-2-基)苯并[1,2-b:4,5-b]二噻吩(102.7mg,0.11mmol)(化合物12)、4,8-双(5-溴噻吩-2-基)-6-氟-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑(化合物11)(84.0mg,0.11mmol)和Pd(PPh3)4(3.9mg)。110℃下反应48h纯化后得到紫黑色固体聚合物(PBDT-fBTzT)116mg,产率82.9%。元素分析C66H78FN3S7(%):计算值:C,68.53;H,6.80;N,3.69.测量值:C,68.56;H,6.693;N,3.574.GPC:Mn=94kDa,PDI=2.4。
聚合物PfBDT-BTzT的合成:
合成方法类似聚合物PBDT-BTzT:4,8-双(5-乙基己基(-4-氟噻吩-2-基)苯并[1,2-b:4,5-b’]二噻吩-2,6-二基)双(三甲基锡)(化合物13)(87.2mg,0.12mmol),4,8-双(5-溴噻吩-2-基)-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑(化合物10)(113.6mg,0.12mmol),Pd(PPh3)4(4.2mg)。110℃下反应48h纯化后得到紫黑色固体聚合物(PfBDT-BTzT)126mg,产率82.8%。1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3,δppm):9.01-6.97(m,13H),2.92(br,6H),2.22-0.88(m,69H).元素分析C66H77F2N3S7(%):计算值:C,67.48;H,6.61;N,3.58.测量值:C,67.68;H,6.689;N,3.562.GPC:Mn=41kDa,PDI=1.8。
聚合物PfBDT-fBTzT的合成:
合成方法类似聚合物PBDT-BTzT:4,8-双(5-乙基己基(-4-氟噻吩-2-基)苯并[1,2-b:4,5-b’]二噻吩-2,6-二基)双(三甲基锡)(化合物13)(101.7mg,0.108mmol)、4,8-双(5-溴噻吩-2-基)-6-氟-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑(化合物11)(80.0mg,0.108mmol)、Pd(PPh3)4(3.7mg)。110℃下反应48h纯化后得到紫黑色固体聚合物(PfBDT-fBTzT)113mg,产率82.1%。元素分析C66H76F3N3S7(%):计算值:C,66.46;H,6.42;N,3.52.测量值:C,66.72;H,6.365;N,3.586.GPC:Mn=85kDa,PDI=2.5。
实施例3:以实施例1中合成的两个目标单体(化合物10)(化合物11)分别与(化合物12)(化合物13)、以及4,7-双(5-溴噻吩-2-基)-5,6-二氟-2-(2-己基癸基)-2H-[d][1,2,3]三氮唑形成的四个三元共聚物的合成
合成路线如下:
聚合物PPBTzT-BDT-2fBTzT的合成:
向50mL的Schlenk瓶中分别加入2,6-双-(三甲基锡基)-4,8-二-(5-(2-乙基己基)噻吩-2-基)苯并[1,2-b:4,5-b]二噻吩(化合物12)(98.3mg,0.11mmol)、4,8-双(5-溴噻吩-2-基)-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑(化合物10)(39.2mg,0.055mmol)和4,7-双(5-溴噻吩-2-基)-5,6-二氟-2-(2-己基癸基)-2H-苯并[d][1,2,3]三氮唑(化合物14)(38.12mg,0.055mmol),然后加入Pd(PPh3)4(3.8mg),抽真空后通入氩气,重复三次。氩气下向其中加入10mL经过钠-钾合金处理的甲苯。反应液在110℃下反应48h后停止反应。将反应液冷却至室温,减压蒸去溶剂。向产物中加入少量氯仿使其溶解,慢慢倒入甲醇中,将析出的固体聚合物抽滤,然后放入在索氏提取器中依次使用丙酮、甲醇、正己烷为洗脱剂抽提除去小分子和低聚物杂质。最后用氯仿抽提所制备的聚合物,然后重沉淀于甲醇中抽滤,产品真空干燥得到紫黑色固体聚合物(PBTzT-BDT-2fBTzT)109mg,产率85.0%。
元素分析C130H156F2N6S13(%):计算值:C,69.91;H,7.19;N,3.57.测量值:C,69.87;H,6.942;N,3.516.GPC:Mn=91kDa,PDI=2.29。
聚合物PfBTzT-BDT-2fBTzT的合成:
合成方法类似聚合物PBTzT-BDT-2fBTzT:2,6-双-(三甲基锡基)-4,8-二-(5-(2-乙基己基)噻吩-2-基)苯并[1,2-b:4,5-b]二噻吩(97.8mg,0.108mmol)(化合物12)、4,8-双(5-溴噻吩-2-基)-6-氟-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑(化合物11)(40.0mg,0.054mmol)、4,7-双(5-溴噻吩-2-基)-5,6-二氟-2-(2-己基癸基)-2H-苯并[d][1,2,3]三氮唑(化合物14)(37.9mg,0.054mmol)和Pd(PPh3)4(3.7mg)。110℃下反应48h纯化后得到紫黑色固体聚合物(PfBTzT-BDT-2fBTzT)95.3mg,产率82.3%。元素分析C130H155F3N6S13(%):计算值:C,69.28;H,7.05;N,3.56.测量值:C,69.55;H,6.977;N,3.487.GPC:Mn=122kDa,PDI=2.08。
聚合物PBTzT-fBDT-2fBTzT的合成:
合成方法类似聚合物PBTzT-BDT-2fBTzT:4,8-双(5-乙基己基(-4-氟噻吩-2-基)苯并[1,2-b:4,5-b’]二噻吩-2,6-二基)双(三甲基锡)(化合物13)(91.0mg,0.097mmol)、4,8-双(5-溴噻吩-2-基)-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑(化合物10)(34.9mg,0.048mmol)、4,7-双(5-溴噻吩-2-基)-5,6-二氟-2-(2-己基癸基)-2H-苯并[d][1,2,3]三氮唑(化合物14)(33.9mg,0.048mmol)、Pd(PPh3)4(3.4mg)。110℃下反应48h纯化后得到紫黑色固体聚合物(PBTzT-fBDT-2fBTzT)107mg,产率84.3%。元素分析C130H152F6N6S13(%):计算值:C,67.73;H,6.77;N,3.48.测量值:C,67.84;H,6.715;N,3.485.GPC:Mn=71kDa,PDI=1.78。
聚合物PfBTzT-fBDT-2fBTzT的合成:
合成方法类似聚合物PBTzT-BDT-2fBTzT:4,8-双(5-乙基己基(-4-氟噻吩-2-基)苯并[1,2-b:4,5-b’]二噻吩-2,6-二基)双(三甲基锡)(化合物13)(83.6mg,0.089mmol)、4,8-双(5-溴噻吩-2-基)-6-氟-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑(化合物11)(32.9mg,0.045mmol)、4,7-双(5-溴噻吩-2-基)-5,6-二氟-2-(2-己基癸基)-2H-苯并[d][1,2,3]三氮唑(化合物14)(31.2mg,0.045mmol)、Pd(PPh3)4(3.1mg)。110℃下反应48h纯化后得到紫黑色固体聚合物(PfBTzT-fBDT-2fBTzT)95.1mg,产率86.0%。元素分析C130H151F7N6S13(%):计算值:C,67.23;H,6.68;N,3.46.测量值:C,67.18;H,6.802;N,3.478.GPC:Mn=110kDa,PDI=2.17。
实施例4:本发明所涉及聚合物的可加工性能及光学带隙和电化学能级
表1.聚合物的光物理数据
实施例5:
利用以上得到的聚合物作为给体材料与ITIC作为受体材料构建太阳能电池器件,在优化条件下得到的光伏性能数据如表2所示。
表2.聚合物太阳能电池器件的性能数据
实施例2与实施例3中所得的聚合物在氯仿、四氢呋喃、甲苯、氯苯、邻二氯苯等常见有机溶剂中均具有良好的溶解性。以氯仿为溶剂将聚合物旋涂于玻璃片上可以形成良好的薄膜。聚合物的光学带隙由公式Eg=1240/λ起始计算所得。(其中Eg为光学带隙,λ起始为聚合物在膜状态下的其实吸收波长)聚合物的最高占有轨道(HOMO)以及最低未占用轨道(LUMO)能级有循环伏安法(CV)测得,以Ag/AgCl为参比电极,我们校正了二茂铁内标的氧化还原电位,得到其电位为0.5eV,因此,HOMO和LUMO能级可以通过公式EHOMO/eV=-e(Eox+4.30)和ELUMO/eV=-e(Ere+4.30)计算得到。实施例4-6中所得聚合物的光学和电化学数据总结于表1中。
本发明提供了两种具有式(Ⅰ)结构的α-无取代和α-氟代噻吩稠合苯并三氮唑衍生物及其在两侧桥连噻吩后所形成的具有式(Ⅱ)结构的聚合物光电功能材料。本发明提供的受体所形成的聚合物均具有良好的溶解性,是一种优良的光电功能材料,可应用于有机半导体光电领域如有机太阳能电池及场效应晶体管领域。
Claims (9)
1.一种α-无取代或氟取代的噻吩稠合苯并三氮唑衍生物,其特征在于,具有式Ⅰ所示的结构:
其中,X为氢或氟原子,Y为氢或卤素原子,R1为具有1-20个碳原子的烷基链。
2.权利要求1所述的α-无取代或氟取代的噻吩稠合苯并三氮唑衍生物在两侧桥连噻吩后与不同的给体共聚合成的有机聚合物,其特征在于,具有以下结构:
式中,A环和B环独立地选自未取代或R2取代的噻吩、呋喃、硒吩、吡咯、苯环,n为1-40之间的整数,R1为具有1-20个碳原子的烷基链,R2为具有1-20个碳原子的烷基链或烷氧链,X为氢原子或氟原子,Ar代表取代或未取代的芳基。
3.根据权利要求2所述的有机聚合物,其特征在于:所述的芳基为单环亚芳基,双环亚芳基,三环及以上环的亚芳基,单环杂亚芳基,双环杂亚芳基,三环及以上环的杂亚芳基,稠合至亚芳基或杂亚芳基的含氧、硫或硒的亚芳基,或通过单键相连的2-4个亚芳基所形成的基团。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的有机聚合物,其特征在于:Ar代表的取代的芳基中的取代基为芳基或具有1-40个碳原子的烷基和烷氧基链。
5.根据权利要求3所述的有机聚合物,其特征在于:所述的芳基为含硫的1-4个杂原子单环、双环、三环及以上环的杂亚芳基。
6.根据权利要求3所述的有机聚合物,其特征在于:所述的Ar为
其中,*表示连接位置。
7.根据权利要求2~6任一项所述的有机聚合物,其特征在于:所述有机聚合物的数均分子量为1000-300000。
8.一种合成权利要求1所述的α-无取代或氟取代的噻吩稠合苯并三氮唑衍生物的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
第一步:乙基-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑-6-羧酸酯在叔丁醇钾的条件下与7-溴甲基十五烷反应得到乙基-2-[己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑-6-羧酸酯;
第二步:乙基-2-[己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑-6-羧酸酯在氢氧化锂的条件下水解得2-[己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑-6-羧酸;
第三步:2-[己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑-6-羧酸在醋酸银和碳酸钾加热的条件下脱羧得到2-[己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑;
第四步:2-[己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑在丁基锂的作用下脱去稠合噻吩环的α-氢原子(6-位氢原子)后再与N-氟二苯磺酰胺反应得到6-氟-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑,即α-氟代噻吩稠合苯并三氮唑。
9.一种合成权利要求2所述的有机聚合物的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
第一步:2-[己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑或6-氟-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑在液溴的条件下反应得到4,8-二溴-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑或4,8-二溴-6-氟-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑;
第二步:4,8-二溴-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑或4,8-二溴-6-氟-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑与α-三丁基锡基噻吩在四[三苯基膦]钯的催化下反应得到2-[2-己基癸基]-4,8-双[噻吩-2-基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑或6-氟-2-[2-己基癸基]-4,8-双[噻吩-2-基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑;
第三步:2-[2-己基癸基]-4,8-双[噻吩-2-基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑或6-氟-2-[2-己基癸基]-4,8-双[噻吩-2-基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑在NBS的条件下发生溴代反应生成4,8-双(5-溴噻吩-2-基)-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑或4,8-双(5-溴噻吩-2-基)-6-氟-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑;
第四步:在氩气保护下将第三步所制得的4,8-双(5-溴噻吩-2-基)-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑或4,8-双(5-溴噻吩-2-基)-6-氟-2-[2-己基癸基]-2H-噻吩[2’,3’:4,5]苯并[1,2-d][1,2,3]三氮唑分别与给体单元的双锡试剂按1:1的摩尔比混合,用Pd(PPh3)4作为催化剂,甲苯作溶剂,110℃加热回流,通过Stille偶联反应制得目标聚合物。
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