CN108688799A - 用于驱动飞行器轮旋转的滚子小齿轮 - Google Patents

用于驱动飞行器轮旋转的滚子小齿轮 Download PDF

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CN108688799A
CN108688799A CN201810257332.6A CN201810257332A CN108688799A CN 108688799 A CN108688799 A CN 108688799A CN 201810257332 A CN201810257332 A CN 201810257332A CN 108688799 A CN108688799 A CN 108688799A
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pinion gear
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face
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J-P·瓦斯林
L·马尔雷特
F·伊瓦尔蒂
F·吉罗德
M·达弗斯
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Safran Landing Systems SAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C25/00—Alighting gear
    • B64C25/32—Alighting gear characterised by elements which contact the ground or similar surface 
    • B64C25/405—Powered wheels, e.g. for taxing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
    • F16H55/02—Toothed members; Worms
    • F16H55/14—Construction providing resilience or vibration-damping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C25/00—Alighting gear
    • B64C25/32—Alighting gear characterised by elements which contact the ground or similar surface 
    • B64C25/34—Alighting gear characterised by elements which contact the ground or similar surface  wheeled type, e.g. multi-wheeled bogies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C13/00—Rolls, drums, discs, or the like; Bearings or mountings therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/18—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts the coupling parts (1) having slidably-interengaging teeth
    • F16D3/185—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts the coupling parts (1) having slidably-interengaging teeth radial teeth connecting concentric inner and outer coupling parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/50—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive with the coupling parts connected by one or more intermediate members
    • F16D3/64—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive with the coupling parts connected by one or more intermediate members comprising elastic elements arranged between substantially-radial walls of both coupling parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/10—Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system
    • F16F15/12—Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon
    • F16F15/121—Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon using springs as elastic members, e.g. metallic springs
    • F16F15/124—Elastomeric springs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/006—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion the driving and driven axes being designed to assume variable positions relative to one another during operation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
    • F16H55/02—Toothed members; Worms
    • F16H55/10—Constructively simple tooth shapes, e.g. shaped as pins, as balls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
    • F16H55/02—Toothed members; Worms
    • F16H55/17—Toothed wheels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/221—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being located in sockets in one of the coupling parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H1/24—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving gears essentially having intermeshing elements other than involute or cycloidal teeth
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/80—Energy efficient operational measures, e.g. ground operations or mission management

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
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  • Gears, Cams (AREA)
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Abstract

一种滚子小齿轮(21)，滚子小齿轮(21)用于绕中心轴线(X)旋转并包括：‑芯体(1)，芯体(1)具有在其中心处的用于将芯体安装在驱动轴上的轴向孔(2)，芯体具有球形的外周表面(3)，以及凹槽，凹槽在芯体的整个长度上延伸，限定平行于中心轴线(X)的面(6)，面(6)具有多个在其之间延伸的规则分布的扇形区(4)；‑笼架(10)，笼架(10)承载滚子并绕芯体延伸，并且具有面向芯体的外周表面的同心球形内表面(11)以及面向芯体的凹槽的突起(12)，突起(12)在凹槽内延伸以具有面向凹槽的面并与其平行的面(13)；以及‑成束布置的金属条(14)，其中弹性材料插入金属条之间，每束金属条插入在芯体中的凹槽与笼架的突起的相面向的面之间延伸的空间中。

Description

用于驱动飞行器轮旋转的滚子小齿轮
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于驱动飞行器轮旋转的滚子小齿轮。
背景技术
已知在飞行器中，起落架设有用于驱动轮子旋转的致动器，以使得飞行器能够在不使用飞行器的航空发动机的情况下移动。在已经设想的各种解决方案中，一个解决方案在于提供一种驱动致动器，该驱动致动器具有在其出口处的滚子小齿轮，该滚子小齿轮被约束成与固定到飞行器轮的轮缘的齿轮啮合。尽管如此，在滑行期间飞行器轮及承载飞行器轮的起落架承受的变形使得有必要为滚子小齿轮的位置作安排以相对于飞行器轮直线地且成角度地适配，并且因此将元件结合到可移动或可变形的传动系中。如果驱动致动器设计成在滚子小齿轮与齿轮啮合的啮合位置和滚子小齿轮与齿轮间隔开的脱离位置之间可移动，则这尤其正确。此外，有必要在滚子小齿轮和驱动电机之间设置适合于过滤扭矩抖动的过滤构件。适配元件和过滤元件构成额外元件，这些额外元件在已经非常逼仄的区域中引起额外的拥挤并且需要额外维护。
发明内容
本发明旨在提出一种在驱动致动器的输出轴与包括过滤元件和适配元件的滚子小齿轮之间的特别紧凑的传动布置。
为了实现该目的，提供了一种滚子小齿轮，该滚子小齿轮用于绕中心轴线旋转并包括：
-芯体，该芯体具有在其中心处的用于将芯体安装在驱动轴上的轴向孔，该芯体具有球形的外周表面，以及凹槽，该凹槽在芯体的整个长度上延伸，限定平行于中心轴线的面，该面具有多个在其之间延伸的规则分布的扇形区；
-笼架，该笼架承载滚子并绕芯体延伸，并且具有面向芯体的外周表面的同心球形内表面以及面向芯体的凹槽的突起，该突起在凹槽内延伸以具有面向凹槽的面并与其平行的面；以及
-成束布置的金属条，每束金属条插入在芯体中的凹槽与笼架的突起的相面向的面之间延伸的空间中，各金属条均由弹性体材料覆盖。
这种布置为笼架提供相对于芯体移动的各种可能性：沿旋转轴线或沿径向轴线的平移以及绕径向轴线的旋转。它还用于过滤由于弹性体材料变形而引起的绕旋转轴线的传动抖动。这些可能性在滚子小齿轮的容积内均组合在一起，从而实现可观的节省空间。
相面向的球形外周表面允许笼架相对于芯体进行球窝接头运动。在各个具体实施例中：
-球形外周表面之间的空间填充有弹性体材料，以除了球窝接头运动之外，还可以使笼架相对于芯体轴向或径向地移动一点点；
-相面向的球形外周表面以小的间隙间隔开，并且这些表面之间的空间填充有油脂或润滑剂，以允许笼架相对于芯体自由地进行球窝接头运动；并且
-球形外周表面之间的空间接纳滚珠，该滚珠接纳在笼架中的腔室中并在芯体中的滚珠座圈中延伸，该滚珠座圈在包含中心轴线的径面中延伸。
附图说明
根据参照附图中的各图给出的以下本发明的具体实施例的说明可更好地理解本发明，附图中：
-图1是本发明的第一具体实施例中的滚子小齿轮的分解立体图；
-图2是图1小齿轮的芯体和笼架的剖切图；
-图3是类似于图2的视图，示出了具有在笼架与芯体之间的球窝接头导向的本发明的第二具体实施例；以及
-图4是类似于图3的视图，示出了具有布置在笼架与芯体之间的导向滚珠的本发明的第三具体实施例。
具体实施方式
参照图1和2，本发明的滚子小齿轮首先包括芯体1，该芯体1具有圆柱形孔2，该圆柱形孔2的轮廓不是圆形的(具体地是槽形轮廓)，以使小齿轮能够安装在驱动轴上，使得芯体的中心轴线X与驱动轴的旋转轴线重合。芯体1具有球形外周表面3。在该示例中，芯体1由金属块制成，其中凹槽形成在其整个长度上，从而留下从轮毂5延伸到球形外周表面3的规则间隔开的扇形区4。扇形区4以及因此凹槽由平行于中心轴线X的平面6限定。本发明的小齿轮还具有笼架10，笼架10包围芯体1并具有面向芯体1的球形外周表面3的同心球形内表面11。面向凹槽，笼架10具有突起12，突起12延伸到凹槽中，以具有面向凹槽的面并与其平行的面13。在凹槽的面与突起的相面向的面之间延伸的每个空间由金属条14的堆叠(在该示例中，每堆叠有四条)占据，其中，弹性体材料插入金属条14之间并且还插入金属条14与相面向的面6和13之间，以形成用于过滤扭矩传递抖动的阻尼器。在该示例中，芯体1和笼架10中的整个空的空间填充有弹性体材料25，因此允许笼架10相对于芯体1沿中心轴线X和沿径向轴线移位一点点。其允许绕径向轴线的少量角度枢转。自然地，弹性体材料25的特性可以选择成以调节这些移位和枢转的幅度。应该观察到，在该示例中，球形外周表面之间的空间制造得足够大，以使得在充填弹性体材料25之前在组装组件时能够将芯体1插入笼架10中。
在该示例中，笼架10承载如下滚子。笼架10具有大致圆柱形的外周表面15，该外周表面15设置有障碍16，障碍16借助于接合在突起12中的螺钉17被拧紧到笼架10上。外表面具有装配在其上的环形支撑20，环形支撑20承载滚子21。障碍用于在笼架10和环形支撑20之间传递扭矩。环形支撑通过任何已知的装置轴向地保持在位，并且其可以更改以更换滚子而无需移除整个小齿轮。或者，可以决定让滚子直接由笼架承载，从而省略了所装配的支撑。
在如图3所示的第二具体实施例中，芯体1与笼架10之间的连接无非是在相面向的球形表面3和11之间直接形成的球窝接头连接。考虑到为了实现有效的球窝接头连接而在两个表面之间需要允许的少量间隙，笼架10不能再被制成单一块，并且因此它被分成由垂直于中心轴线的平面P分开的两个半笼架10a和10b。这两个半部绕芯体1配装并彼此固定，例如通过平行于中心轴线X延伸的组装螺钉18，或者实际上在发现这是足够的情况下仅仅通过将障碍16组装到笼架10的螺钉17。在该示例中，为了更清楚起见，相面向的球形表面3和11之间的空间被放大。实际上，该间隙很小。该空间抹有油脂或被润滑。这种布置允许笼架10相对于芯体1进行球窝接头运动，同时自然地限制笼架10相对于芯体1的任何轴向和径向运动。
在图4所示的本发明的第三具体实施例中，芯体1具有形成在其外周表面中的滚珠座圈22，其中滚珠23在其中运动，该滚珠容纳在形成在笼架10的内周表面11中的腔室24中，使得滚珠23相对于笼架10保持静止(忽略在它们各自腔室内的滚动)。滚珠座圈22直接位于包含中心轴线X的平面上。滚珠座圈22比滚珠的直径宽，以允许笼架10相对于芯体绕径向轴线成角度地移动。滚珠座圈22优选地通到芯体的面中，并在滚珠23已经就位后用盖26封闭。或者，滚珠座圈未敞开，并且滚珠用力安装。该组件被大量润滑以有助于滚珠滚动。在变型中，每个滚珠座圈需要接纳仅一个滚珠。

Claims (7)

1.一种滚子小齿轮(21)，所述滚子小齿轮(21)用于绕中心轴线(X)旋转并包括：
-芯体(1)，所述芯体(1)具有在其中心处的用于将所述芯体安装在驱动轴上的轴向孔(2)，所述芯体具有球形的外周表面(3)，以及凹槽，所述凹槽在所述芯体的整个长度上延伸，限定平行于所述中心轴线(X)的面(6)，所述面(6)具有多个在其之间延伸的规则分布的扇形区(4)；
-笼架(10)，所述笼架(10)承载滚子并绕所述芯体延伸，并且具有面向所述芯体的所述外周表面的同心球形内表面(11)以及面向所述芯体的所述凹槽的突起(12)，所述突起(12)在所述凹槽内延伸以具有面向所述凹槽的所述面并与其平行的面(13)；以及
-成束布置的金属条(14)，其中弹性材料插入所述金属条之间，每束金属条插入在所述芯体中的凹槽与所述笼架的突起的相面向的面之间延伸的空间中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的滚子小齿轮，其特征在于，所述滚子由配装在所述笼架(10)的外周表面上的环状支撑(20)承载。
3.根据权利要求1所述的滚子小齿轮，其特征在于，所述芯体(1)的所述外周表面(3)和所述笼架(10)的所述同心球形内表面(11)限定填充有弹性体材料(25)的自由空间。
4.根据权利要求1所述的滚子小齿轮，其特征在于，所述芯体(1)的所述外周表面(3)和所述笼架(10)的所述同心球形内表面(11)彼此面对延伸，具有适合于提供所述芯体(1)与所述笼架(10)之间的球窝接头连接的工作间隙。
5.根据权利要求1所述的滚子小齿轮，其特征在于，所述笼架(10)被分成在垂直于所述中心轴线(X)的平面上组装在一起的两个半笼架(10a、10b)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的滚子小齿轮，其特征在于，滚珠(23)插入所述芯体(1)和所述笼架(10)之间。
7.根据权利要求6所述的滚子小齿轮，其特征在于，所述滚珠首先在形成在所述笼架(10)中的腔室(24)中延伸，其次在形成在所述芯体(1)中的滚珠座圈(22)中延伸。
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