CN108672723B

CN108672723B - Automatic machining equipment and method for gear ring parts

Info

Publication number: CN108672723B
Application number: CN201810424310.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 卫东节; 王玉生; 王琳; 王毅; 唐永勇; 程小龙; 孙爱四
Original assignee: Anqing Shichang Automation Equipment Co Ltd
Current assignee: Anhui Shichang Intelligent Equipment Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2018-05-07
Filing date: 2018-05-07
Publication date: 2020-02-07
Anticipated expiration: 2038-05-07
Also published as: CN108672723A

Abstract

The invention discloses automatic machining equipment and method for gear ring parts, which comprises a base, a lathe bed, a machining device, a clamping mechanism, a numerical control device, a discharging mechanism and a material ejecting mechanism, wherein the clamping mechanism is arranged on the base; the numerical control device is arranged on the other side of the base, the processing device is arranged on the lathe bed, the clamping mechanism is arranged opposite to the processing device, the discharging mechanism is arranged above the processing device, and the ejecting mechanism is arranged at one end of the discharging mechanism; the material ejecting mechanism comprises a rotatable mechanical arm, and the mechanical arm is movably arranged in front of the material discharging mechanism and the processing device. The automatic cutting and discharging device has the advantages that the whole process of automatic control including automatic discharging, automatic feeding, automatic clamping, automatic cutting and automatic discharging is performed orderly by using the numerical control device, so that the labor cost is saved, the production efficiency is greatly improved, and the economic benefit is increased.

Description

Automatic machining equipment and method for gear ring parts

Technical Field

The invention relates to automatic machining equipment and a method, in particular to automatic machining equipment and a method for gear ring parts.

Background

Computer Numerical Control (CNC) technology and Programmable Logic Control (PLC) technology are commonly used in the field of machine manufacturing. For example, a general numerically controlled lathe is a machine tool applying the technology, realizes automatic cutting machining, and is suitable for machining parts with complex shapes and small-batch parts.

And for some automobile parts, such as valve guide, valve seat ring and ABS gear ring. The features of these parts are:

1. the structure is simple, the processing content is less, the cutting time is short, and the cutting time of a single piece is from several seconds to dozens of seconds, generally not more than one minute;

2. the batches are very large, many hundreds of thousands of millions of pieces. At present, most ABS gear ring production enterprises still adopt a universal numerical control lathe for processing, a lot of manual intervention processes such as manual feeding, manual clamping, manual discharging and the like are needed, the automation degree and the processing efficiency are low, the economic benefit of the enterprises is seriously influenced, and the rapid development of the enterprises is restricted.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an automatic lathe and an automatic machining method for gear ring parts, which have high automation degree.

The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme: the automatic processing device comprises a base, a lathe bed, a processing device, a clamping mechanism for clamping and positioning a workpiece to be processed, a numerical control device for controlling the whole automatic processing process, a discharging mechanism for arranging and feeding the workpiece to be processed, and a material ejecting mechanism for conveying the workpiece to be processed to the front of the processing device;

the numerical control device is arranged on the other side of the base, the processing device is arranged on the lathe bed, the clamping mechanism is arranged opposite to the processing device, the discharging mechanism is arranged above the processing device, and the ejecting mechanism is arranged at one end of the discharging mechanism;

the material ejecting mechanism comprises a rotatable mechanical arm, and the mechanical arm is movably arranged in front of the material discharging mechanism and the processing device.

Preferably, the clamping mechanism comprises a rotatable chuck part, an internal support chuck assembly clamped at the central axis position of the chuck part, the internal support chuck assembly comprises a pull pipe, a main shaft, a connecting flange, a connecting sleeve, an internal support chuck, a spring device with a spring piece and a pull rod, the connecting sleeve, the internal support chuck, the spring device and the pull rod are sequentially sleeved in the connecting flange, the main shaft is clamped at the chuck part, the pull pipe is arranged at the tail end of the main shaft, and the connecting flange is arranged at the other end of the main shaft.

Preferably, the discharging mechanism comprises a discharging groove, a feeding mechanism for feeding the gear ring and a limiting mechanism for preventing the gear ring from moving out of the discharging groove, the feeding mechanism comprises a first air cylinder and a push plate connected to the first air cylinder, the first air cylinder is arranged at the bottom of the discharging groove, and the push plate is positioned in the discharging groove; the limiting mechanism comprises a second cylinder and a baffle connected to the second cylinder, and the baffle is arranged at the end part of the discharging groove and is arranged at intervals with the discharging groove.

Preferably, arrange material mechanism still including be used for catching from the ring gear that the blowing groove dropped connect the silo, be used for dialling the ring gear to connect the material mechanism of dialling of silo, connect the silo setting in the baffle below, dial material mechanism and include the third cylinder, connect the shift fork on the third cylinder, the third cylinder sets up in blowing groove one end perpendicularly, the shift fork activity on the ring gear and between the ring gear top.

Preferably, the mechanical arm comprises a rocker arm, a material sleeving device, a mandrel, a spring, a material sleeving barrel and a material ejecting push plate; the bottom end of the rocker arm is of a long-arm structure, the mounting material sleeving device, the mandrel, the spring, the material sleeving barrel and the ejection push plate are sequentially fixed at the bottom end of the rocker arm through a pair of bolts and nuts, the ejection push plate is of a circular structure, three mounting columns are uniformly arranged on the ejection push plate, threads are arranged at the end parts of the mounting columns, the ejection cover plate is sleeved on the mounting columns, and three nuts are adopted for limiting at the other side of the rocker arm; the top of rocking arm is fan-shaped structure, liftout mechanism still includes the liftout cylinder, and the liftout cylinder is placed on the lathe bed.

Preferably, the rocker arm further comprises two balance weights of the ring sector structure, and the balance weights are fixed on two sides of the sector structure of the rocker arm.

Preferably, the processing device is a tool holder and a tool mounted on the tool holder.

Preferably, the lathe bed is provided with a carriage, the tool rest can be horizontally and movably arranged on the carriage in the vertical direction, the carriage is fixedly arranged on the base, and the material ejecting cylinder is arranged on one side of the tool rest and is opposite to the clamping mechanism.

Preferably, the machining device further comprises a discharge chute used for discharging the machined part after machining out of the machining equipment, wherein the discharge chute is of a through groove structure with a closed rectangular cross section, is fixed on the side surface of the base, starts from the position right below the clamping mechanism and ends at the bottom end of the base.

The invention also provides a processing method adopting the automatic processing equipment for the gear ring parts, which comprises the following processing steps:

(1) the gear ring is fully arranged in the material discharge groove, automatically pushed and retracted by the material discharge mechanism according to the processing beat, and then clamped into the material sleeving device by the material discharge mechanism and the material pushing mechanism;

(2) the mechanical arm rotates to convey the gear ring to the front of the clamping mechanism and align with the inner support chuck, and the material ejecting cylinder withdraws the material piece from the material sleeving device, is sleeved with the inner support chuck and is tightly supported;

(3) returning the material ejecting cylinder, returning the mechanical arm and entering automatic cutting machining;

(4) after the cutting processing is finished, the chuck is automatically loosened, the finished product of the material part is automatically popped out and then rolls into a finished product basket through the discharging groove;

(5) and entering the next cycle.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

(1) the whole process of automatic control by using the numerical control device comprises automatic discharging, automatic feeding, automatic clamping, automatic cutting and automatic discharging, the whole process is orderly carried out, the labor cost is saved, the production efficiency is greatly improved, and the economic benefit is increased;

(2) the gear ring blank is obtained by pressing, sintering and shaping powder, a plurality of burrs are arranged on the surface of the blank, gear teeth are mutually occluded, an end face and a conical tooth surface are required to be cut, and the mechanical arm is difficult to receive the conical tooth surface of the material part blank, so that an inner hole is received by a material sleeving device on the mechanical arm, the conical tooth surface is prevented from being damaged, the processing precision is ensured, and the mechanical arm meets the requirements on the size and the direction of the jacking force of the gear ring.

(3) In the machining process, the gear ring machining and cutting process also requires inner hole clamping, and an inner support chuck must be used. The inner support chuck of the invention can realize the characteristics of automatic positioning, automatic tightening, automatic loosening, automatic ejection of material parts and the like, can ensure the reliability and stability of automatic production, and is convenient to replace.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a machining device for the gear ring type parts;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the processing equipment of the gear ring type part;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a robot arm according to the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic view of the internal support chuck of the present invention.

The clamping device comprises a base 1, a lathe bed 2, a carriage 21, a processing device 3, a tool rest 31, a clamping mechanism 4, a chuck part 41, an inner support chuck assembly 42, a pull tube 421, a main shaft 422, a connecting flange 423, a connecting sleeve 424, an inner support chuck 425, a spring 426, a spring device 427, a spring piece 4271, a pull rod 428, a clamping device and a clamping device,

A numerical control device 5, a discharging mechanism 6, a discharging groove 61, a feeding mechanism 62, a first air cylinder 621, a push plate 622, a limiting mechanism 63, a second air cylinder 631, a baffle 632,

The ejection mechanism 7, the mechanical arm 71, the rocker arm 711, the mounting jacketing device 712, the mandrel 713, the spring 714, the jacketing barrel 715, the ejection push plate 716, the ejection cover plate 717, the balance block 718 and the ejection cylinder 72

Discharge chute 8 and gear ring 9

Detailed Description

The following examples are given for the detailed implementation and specific operation of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

As shown in fig. 1, the automatic lathe for gear ring type parts of the invention comprises a base 1, a lathe bed 2, a processing device 3, a clamping mechanism 4 for clamping and positioning to-be-processed parts, a numerical control device 5 for controlling the whole automatic processing process, a discharging mechanism 6 for arranging and feeding to-be-processed parts, and a material ejecting mechanism 7 for conveying to-be-processed parts to the front of the processing device 3;

the numerical control machine tool comprises a machine tool body 2, a numerical control device 5, a machining device 3, a clamping mechanism 4, a discharging mechanism 6, a material ejecting mechanism 7 and a clamping mechanism, wherein the machine tool body 2 is arranged on one side of a base 1, the numerical control device 5 is arranged on the other side of the base 1, the machining device 3 is arranged on the machine tool body 2, the clamping mechanism 4 is arranged opposite to the machining device 3, the discharging mechanism 6 is arranged above the machining device; the material ejecting mechanism 7 comprises a rotatable mechanical arm 71, the mechanical arm 71 is movable in front of the material discharging mechanism 6 and in front of the processing device 3, and a shield is further arranged on the rear side of the whole processing equipment and used for protecting and isolating a processing site.

As shown in fig. 2, the clamping mechanism 4 includes a rotatable chuck portion 41, the chuck portion 41 may be a three-jaw chuck, a four-jaw chuck, etc., and an inner support chuck assembly 42 mounted on the spindle head and clamped at a central axis position of the chuck portion 41, as shown in fig. 4, the inner support chuck assembly 42 includes a pull tube 421, a main shaft 422, a connecting flange 423, a connecting sleeve 424 sequentially sleeved in the connecting flange 423, an inner support chuck 425, a spring 426, a spring 427 with a spring leaf 4271, and a pull rod 428, the main shaft 422 is clamped at the chuck portion 41, the pull tube 421 is disposed at a tail end of the main shaft 422, the connecting flange 423 is disposed at the other end of the main shaft 422, and the accuracy requirement of the inner support chuck ensures that the parallelism of two end faces of the ring gear is 0.03mm, and the coaxiality of an inner hole and a tooth face.

As shown in fig. 2, the machining device 3 includes a tool holder 31 and a tool attached to the tool holder 31. The lathe bed 2 is provided with a carriage 21, the tool rest 31 can be horizontally and movably arranged on the carriage 21 in the vertical direction, the carriage 21 is fixedly arranged on the base 1, and the material ejecting cylinder 72 is arranged on one side of the tool rest 31 and is opposite to the clamping mechanism 4.

The machining equipment further comprises a discharge chute 8 used for discharging machined parts after machining out of the machining equipment, wherein the discharge chute 8 is of a through groove structure with a closed rectangular cross section, is fixed on the side face of the base 1, starts from the position right below the clamping mechanism 4 and ends at the bottom end of the base 1.

The discharging mechanism 6 comprises a discharging groove 61, a feeding mechanism 62 for feeding the gear ring, and a limiting mechanism 63 for preventing the gear ring 9 from moving out of the discharging groove, the feeding mechanism comprises a first air cylinder 621, the first air cylinder 621 has a longer stroke and a length slightly shorter than that of the discharging groove 61, the first air cylinder 621 is arranged at the bottom of the discharging groove 61, and a push plate 622 connected to the first air cylinder 621, the push plate 622 is positioned in the discharging groove 61, and the push plate 622 can be in any shape capable of achieving a pushing effect; stop gear 63 includes second cylinder 631 and connects baffle 632 on the second cylinder, baffle 632 sets up at charging trough 61 tip to with charging trough 61 interval arrangement, the stroke of second cylinder 631 is shorter, its purpose is in order to prevent that first cylinder 621 from pushing out charging trough 61 with the ring gear, when first cylinder 631 work, when promoting the ring gear, second cylinder 631 also works, baffle 632 stretches out, keeps off at the ring gear that is in the forefront, makes it spacing at charging trough 61 edge, afterwards, first cylinder 621 return, second cylinder 631 return.

The discharging mechanism 6 further comprises a material receiving groove 64 used for receiving a gear ring falling from the material discharging groove 61, and a material shifting mechanism 65 used for shifting the gear ring 9 to the material receiving groove 64, wherein the material receiving groove 64 is arranged below the baffle, the material receiving groove 64 can be of a semicircular or arc-shaped structure suitable for gear ring types, the material shifting mechanism 65 comprises a third cylinder 651 and a shifting fork 652 connected to the third cylinder 651, the third cylinder 651 is vertically arranged at one end of the material discharging groove 61, the shifting fork 652 moves between the gear ring 9 and the upper side of the gear ring 9, when material shifting is not needed, the shifting fork is suspended above the gear ring 9, when material shifting is needed, the third cylinder 651 acts, and the shifting fork 652 shifts the gear ring 9 to enable the gear ring 9 to fall into the material receiving groove 64.

As shown in fig. 3, the center structure of the mechanical arm 71 is a rocker arm 711, the bottom end of the rocker arm 711 is a long-arm structure, the mounting sleeve 712, the mandrel 713, the spring 714, the sleeve 715 and the ejecting push plate 716 are sequentially fixed at the bottom end of the rocker arm by a pair of bolts and nuts with larger sizes, and because the ejecting push plate 716 is a circular structure, three mounting columns are uniformly arranged on the mounting plate, the end parts of the mounting columns are provided with threads, the ejecting cover plate 717 is sleeved on the mounting columns, and is limited at the other side of the rocker arm by three nuts; the top end of the rocker arm 711 is of a fan-shaped structure, the material ejecting mechanism further comprises a material ejecting cylinder 72, and the material ejecting cylinder 72 is placed on the lathe bed. And the balance blocks 718 of two ring fan structures are fixed on two sides of the fan structure of the rocker arm.

(1) the gear ring is fully arranged in the material discharge groove, automatically pushed and retracted by the material discharge mechanism according to the processing beat, and then clamped into the material sleeving device by the material poking mechanism and the material ejecting mechanism;

(5) and entering the next cycle.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The automatic machining equipment for the gear ring parts is characterized by comprising a base, a lathe bed, a machining device, a clamping mechanism for clamping and positioning workpieces to be machined, a numerical control device for controlling the whole automatic machining process, a discharging mechanism for arranging and feeding the workpieces to be machined, and a material ejecting mechanism for conveying the workpieces to be machined to the front of the machining device;

the material ejecting mechanism comprises a rotatable mechanical arm, and the mechanical arm is movable in front of the material discharging mechanism and the processing device;

the mechanical arm comprises a rocker arm, a material sleeving device, a mandrel, a spring, a material sleeving barrel and a material ejecting push plate; the bottom end of the rocker arm is of a long-arm structure, the mounting material sleeving device, the mandrel, the spring, the material sleeving barrel and the ejection push plate are sequentially fixed at the bottom end of the rocker arm through a pair of bolts and nuts, the ejection push plate is of a circular structure, three mounting columns are uniformly arranged on the ejection push plate, threads are arranged at the end parts of the mounting columns, the ejection cover plate is sleeved on the mounting columns, and three nuts are adopted for limiting at the other side of the rocker arm; the top of rocking arm is fan-shaped structure, liftout mechanism still includes the liftout cylinder, and the liftout cylinder is placed on the lathe bed.

2. The automatic processing equipment for the gear ring type parts according to claim 1, wherein the clamping mechanism comprises a rotatable chuck part and an inner support chuck assembly clamped at the central axis position of the chuck part, the inner support chuck assembly comprises a pull tube, a main shaft, a connecting flange, a connecting sleeve, an inner support chuck, a spring device with a spring piece and a pull rod, the connecting sleeve, the inner support chuck, the spring device and the pull rod are sequentially sleeved in the connecting flange, the main shaft is clamped at the chuck part, the pull tube is arranged at the tail end of the main shaft, and the connecting flange is arranged at the other end of the main.

3. The automatic processing equipment for the gear ring type parts, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the discharging mechanism comprises a discharging groove, a feeding mechanism for feeding the gear ring, and a limiting mechanism for preventing the gear ring from moving out of the discharging groove, the feeding mechanism comprises a first air cylinder and a push plate connected to the first air cylinder, the first air cylinder is arranged at the bottom of the discharging groove, and the push plate is positioned in the discharging groove; the limiting mechanism comprises a second cylinder and a baffle connected to the second cylinder, and the baffle is arranged at the end part of the discharging groove and is arranged at intervals with the discharging groove.

4. The automatic gear ring part machining equipment according to claim 3, wherein the discharging mechanism further comprises a receiving groove for receiving the gear ring falling from the discharging groove, and a material shifting mechanism for shifting the gear ring to the receiving groove, the receiving groove is arranged below the baffle, the material shifting mechanism comprises a third cylinder and a shifting fork connected to the third cylinder, the third cylinder is vertically arranged at one end of the discharging groove, and the shifting fork moves between the upper part of the gear ring and the upper part of the gear ring.

5. The automatic processing equipment for gear ring type parts according to claim 1, further comprising two balance weights of ring sector structure fixed on both sides of the sector structure of the rocker arm.

6. The automatic processing equipment for the gear ring type parts according to claim 5, wherein the processing devices are a tool rest and a tool mounted on the tool rest.

7. The automatic processing equipment for the gear ring type parts as claimed in claim 6, wherein a carriage is arranged on the machine tool, the tool rest can be horizontally and movably arranged on the carriage in the vertical direction, the carriage is fixedly arranged on the base, and the ejecting cylinder is arranged on one side of the tool rest and opposite to the clamping mechanism.

8. The automatic processing equipment for the gear ring type parts according to claim 1, further comprising a discharge chute for discharging processed workpieces out of the processing equipment, wherein the discharge chute is of a through groove structure with a closed rectangular cross section, is fixed on the side surface of the base, starts right below the clamping mechanism and ends at the bottom end of the base.

9. A machining method using the automatic machining equipment for the gear ring parts as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized by comprising the following machining steps:

(5) and entering the next cycle.