CN108670502A - 一种股骨关节假体的股骨柄及股骨关节假体 - Google Patents

一种股骨关节假体的股骨柄及股骨关节假体 Download PDF

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CN108670502A
CN108670502A CN201810510199.0A CN201810510199A CN108670502A CN 108670502 A CN108670502 A CN 108670502A CN 201810510199 A CN201810510199 A CN 201810510199A CN 108670502 A CN108670502 A CN 108670502A
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femoral
hip joint
joint prosthesis
endoporus
marrow
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苏昭汴
邱家建
陆光华
林让横
苏振原
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Zhangzhou Third Hospital
Double Medical Technology Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/32Joints for the hip
    • A61F2/36Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses
    • A61F2/3609Femoral heads or necks; Connections of endoprosthetic heads or necks to endoprosthetic femoral shafts
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2/32Joints for the hip
    • A61F2/36Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses
    • A61F2/3662Femoral shafts
    • A61F2/3676Distal or diaphyseal parts of shafts
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/28Bones
    • A61F2002/2825Femur
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/32Joints for the hip
    • A61F2/36Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses
    • A61F2/3609Femoral heads or necks; Connections of endoprosthetic heads or necks to endoprosthetic femoral shafts
    • A61F2002/3625Necks
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/32Joints for the hip
    • A61F2/36Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses
    • A61F2/3662Femoral shafts
    • A61F2002/3678Geometrical features
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
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    • A61F2310/00389The prosthesis being coated or covered with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00592Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of ceramics or of ceramic-like compounds
    • A61F2310/00796Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of a phosphorus-containing compound, e.g. hydroxy(l)apatite

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种股骨关节假体的股骨柄及股骨关节假体,股骨柄凹设有髓内孔,固定管装设在髓内孔内,固定钉自内往外穿过贯穿孔和钉孔且固定钉的固定端至少部分伸出股骨柄之外并固定在皮质骨上,突破了现有由外向内固定的技术难点,让股骨关节假体翻修需连带做钉、板、线缆类外部固定创伤手术成为了非必须程序。

Description

一种股骨关节假体的股骨柄及股骨关节假体
技术领域
本发明涉及一种医疗器械,尤其涉及一种股骨关节假体。
背景技术
全球每年约有200万例的髋关节置换手术,且因老龄化的到来这一数字每年还在不断快速增长,与此同时,髋关节翻修手术的数量也在与日俱增。现有市场上包括国际骨科关节龙头企业生产的股骨关节假体,存在有如下不足:其一,在术中都是单一的以近端固定为主要固定方式,此种固定方式在临床应用中骨质较差的患者股骨断裂的案例时有发生。其二,针对髋关节的翻修手术,临床中取出置换的股骨假体时都需要劈开人体的股骨部分,植入人工翻修股骨关节假体后对于劈开的股骨干再用创伤类钉、板、线缆从外侧进行固定,如CN105232188A、CN205107981U,如此便进一步破坏了钉、板、线缆处的人体软组织,降低了软组织恢复正常功能的速度。其三,髋关节翻修手术成功一断时间后,依现有的关节假体和技术,患者仍需到医院再受一次伤害进行拆钉、拆板、拆线缆手术,而骨质较差的患者,对于植入后的钉、板、线缆还不能进行拆除,需一直留在体内以辅助固定人体的股骨,确保强度安全;钉、板、线缆的拆与不拆都在不同层面上给患者在身体、生活和精神上带来巨大的压力。
发明内容
本发明提供了股骨关节假体,其克服了背景技术中股骨关节假体所存在的不足。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案之一是:
一种股骨关节假体的股骨柄,该股骨柄(2)凹设有髓内孔(21),另设固定管(3)和具有固定端的固定钉(4);该固定管(3)装设在髓内孔(21)内;该股骨柄(2)上还设有贯穿髓内孔(21)内外的钉孔(22),该固定管(3)设有贯穿内外的贯穿孔(31),该固定钉(4)自内往外穿过贯穿孔(31)和钉孔(22)且固定钉(4)的固定端至少部分伸出股骨柄(2)之外。
还包括封帽(5),且该封帽(5)固定装设在髓内孔(21)端口。
该髓内孔(21)和固定管(3)适配且固定管(3)能相对髓内孔(21)转动及滑动,通过固定管(3)调节和紧固固定钉(4)。
该髓内孔(21)呈圆柱孔且髓内孔(21)端口处设扩孔,该扩孔和封帽(5)适配。
该固定钉(4)的固定端设螺纹或倒齿。
该固定钉(4)为皮质拉钉。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案之二是:
一种股骨关节假体,它包括上述的股骨柄(2)和股骨头(1),该股骨头(1)和股骨柄(2)固接在一起。
该股骨头(1)上设有骨小梁结构,该股骨头(1)外壁设羟基磷灰石涂层。
该股骨柄(2)具有远端和近端,该股骨头(1)固接在股骨柄(2)近端的颈部,该股骨柄(2)呈近端大远端小的锥状结构。
本技术方案与背景技术相比,它具有如下优点:
股骨柄凹设有髓内孔,固定管装设在髓内孔内,固定钉自内往外穿过贯穿孔和钉孔且固定钉的固定端至少部分伸出股骨柄之外并固定在皮质骨上,突破了现有由外向内固定的技术难点,让股骨关节假体翻修需连带做钉、板、线缆类外部固定创伤手术成为了非必须程序。
髓内孔和固定管适配且固定管能相对髓内孔转动及滑动,通过固定管调节和紧固固定钉,以实现对皮质骨的固定,方便手术。
股骨头上设有骨小梁结构,股骨头外壁设羟基磷灰石涂层,可使股骨头与人体髋臼更完美融合,以获得更稳定的初期和长期固定效果。
附图说明
下面结合具体实施方式和附图对本发明作进一步说明。
图1是本具体实施方式股骨关节假体的主视示意图。
图2是本具体实施方式股骨关节假体的剖面示意图。
图3是本具体实施方式股骨头的剖面示意图。
图4是本具体实施方式固定管的剖面示意图。
图5是本具体实施方式固定管的俯视示意图。
图6是本具体实施方式固定钉的结构示意图。
图7是本具体实施方式封帽的剖面示意图。
图8是本具体实施方式封帽的俯视示意图。
具体实施方式
一种股骨关节假体,请查阅图1至图8,包括股骨头1、股骨柄2、固定管3、具有固定端的固定钉4和封帽5;该股骨柄2具有远端和近端,该股骨头1固接在股骨柄2近端颈部;该股骨头1上设有骨小梁结构,且该股骨头1外壁设羟基磷灰石涂层。
该股骨柄2凹设有髓内孔21,该髓内孔21呈圆柱孔且髓内孔21端口处设扩孔;该固定管3装设在髓内孔21内,该髓内孔21和固定管3适配且固定管3能相对髓内孔21转动及滑动,以能将固定管3装入髓内孔21内,以能相对髓内孔21转动固定管3。该扩孔和封帽5适配,该封帽5固定装设在髓内孔21端口以封闭端口,封闭髓内孔21。
该股骨柄2上还设有贯穿髓内孔21内外的钉孔22,该固定管3设有贯穿内外的贯穿孔31,该固定钉4自内往外穿过贯穿孔31和钉孔22且固定钉4的固定端至少部分伸出股骨柄2之外,该固定钉4的固定端设螺纹或倒齿,该固定钉4例如为皮质拉钉。一方面,通过固定管3调节和紧固固定钉4,另一方面,固定钉4伸出部分能固定在皮质骨上,利用固定端的螺纹或倒齿拉紧皮质骨,从而实现由内往外固定假体或拉紧被分离的皮质骨。术中,例如:先植入等同本股骨关节假体的器械进行试植入并在皮质骨上钻出作用孔;接着装入本股骨关节假体;然后锁紧固定钉和皮质骨。根据需要,可沿固定管长度设有间隔布置的多个固定钉,以让股骨关节假体的固定转化为全固定,并让应力得到进一步分散,通过固定方式的转化和应力的分散在临床使用中能减少患者股骨近端断裂和术后大腿疼痛的现象。
通过固定管3调节和紧固固定钉4的具体结构如:
第一种方式:贯穿孔31为斜孔,组装好后,固定钉4的头部为光滑面圆形且套在固定管3的贯穿孔31中,固定管上下滑动时,因钉孔22的导向作用(钉孔22和固定钉4配合)使固定钉4只能沿内外活动,固定钉4头部受斜孔向内拉力的作用,可实现实时调节固定钉4相对于钉孔22的伸出量并固定住,固定钉主体为倒齿的结构即可拉紧皮质骨;
第二种方式:贯穿孔31改为周圈斜齿轮形状时,组装好后,固定钉4的头部也有对应的斜齿并与固定管3的斜齿31配装,固定管3转动时带动固定钉4跟随转动,并在固定钉主体螺纹的作用下拉紧皮质骨。该股骨柄2呈近端大远端小的锥状结构,锥状结构可在近端对股骨关节假体进行固定,能减少假体置换初期松动或下沉的现象。
本具体实施方的股骨关节假体,具有如下技术优点:其一,突破了现有由外向内固定的技术难点,让股骨关节假体翻修需连带做钉、板、线缆类外部固定创伤手术成为了非必须程序;其二,在临床初次置换中通过全方位固定、减小应力集中,实现了进一步避免股骨近端断裂的风险及术后大腿疼痛问题;其三,在股骨关节翻修手术中,可让患者不用再必须性的同时做钉、板类创伤手术,减少了股骨软组织破坏,让术后的康复变得更快;其四,在股骨关节翻修手术成功后无需再到医院进行拆钉、拆板手术,让患者免去了再一次受到伤害,同时也让患者消除了生活中的不适觉。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳实施例而已,故不能依此限定本发明实施的范围,即依本发明专利范围及说明书内容所作的等效变化与修饰,皆应仍属本发明涵盖的范围内。

Claims (9)

1.一种股骨关节假体的股骨柄,其特征在于:该股骨柄(2)凹设有髓内孔(21),另设固定管(3)和具有固定端的固定钉(4);该固定管(3)装设在髓内孔(21)内;该股骨柄(2)上还设有贯穿髓内孔(21)内外的钉孔(22),该固定管(3)设有贯穿内外的贯穿孔(31),该固定钉(4)自内往外穿过贯穿孔(31)和钉孔(22)且固定钉(4)的固定端至少部分伸出股骨柄(2)之外。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种股骨关节假体的股骨柄,其特征在于:还包括封帽(5),且该封帽(5)固定装设在髓内孔(21)端口。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种股骨关节假体的股骨柄,其特征在于:该髓内孔(21)和固定管(3)适配且固定管(3)能相对髓内孔(21)转动及滑动,通过固定管(3)调节和紧固固定钉(4)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种股骨关节假体的股骨柄,其特征在于:该髓内孔(21)呈圆柱孔且髓内孔(21)端口处设扩孔,该扩孔和封帽(5)适配。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种股骨关节假体的股骨柄,其特征在于:该固定钉(4)的固定端设螺纹或倒齿。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种股骨关节假体的股骨柄,其特征在于:该固定钉(4)为皮质拉钉。
7.一种股骨关节假体,其特征在于:它包括根据权利要求1或2或3或4或5或6所述的一种股骨关节假体的股骨柄(2)和股骨头(1),该股骨头(1)和股骨柄(2)固接在一起。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种股骨关节假体,其特征在于:该股骨头(1)上设有骨小梁结构,该股骨头(1)外壁设羟基磷灰石涂层。
9.根据权利要求7所述的一种股骨关节假体,其特征在于:该股骨柄(2)具有远端和近端,该股骨头(1)固接在股骨柄(2)近端的颈部,该股骨柄(2)呈近端大远端小的锥状结构。
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