CN108668603B - Crawler-type water chestnut combine harvester - Google Patents
Crawler-type water chestnut combine harvester Download PDFInfo
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- CN108668603B CN108668603B CN201810534014.XA CN201810534014A CN108668603B CN 108668603 B CN108668603 B CN 108668603B CN 201810534014 A CN201810534014 A CN 201810534014A CN 108668603 B CN108668603 B CN 108668603B
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- sieve plate
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D31/00—Other digging harvesters
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D33/00—Accessories for digging harvesters
- A01D33/04—Stone-separating mechanisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D33/00—Accessories for digging harvesters
- A01D33/08—Special sorting and cleaning mechanisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D44/00—Harvesting of underwater plants, e.g. harvesting of seaweed
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- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Harvesting Machines For Root Crops (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a crawler-type water chestnut combine harvester which comprises a chassis, a traveling system arranged below the chassis, an excavating system arranged in front of the chassis, a bidirectional vibration separation system arranged above the chassis, a cleaning system arranged behind the chassis and a hydraulic lifting system, wherein a lifting cross beam welded at the tail end of the excavating system is connected with the hydraulic lifting system. The bidirectional vibration separation device comprises a back-throwing motion and a left-right sieving motion for the water chestnuts, when the water chestnuts do the back-throwing motion on the separation sieve plate, the threaded rods on the separation sieve plate can increase the friction force between the water chestnuts and the separation sieve plate to generate a combing effect and an impact effect on the water chestnuts, and when the water chestnuts do the left-right sieving motion on the separation sieve plate, the separation sieve plate generates a vibration effect on the water chestnuts. The water chestnut harvester can complete the work of digging, transporting, separating, cleaning, packaging and the like at one time, greatly shortens the water chestnut harvesting time, improves the harvesting efficiency, has little damage to the water chestnuts in the harvesting process, and reduces the labor intensity of farmers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a crawler-type water chestnut combine harvester.
Background
Water chestnuts are easy to plant and difficult to harvest, the manual digging efficiency is low, the strength is high, the working environment is severe (the water chestnuts are generally harvested after entering winter, and the weather is cold), and the intensive and large-scale production of the water chestnuts is restricted. In order to realize mechanized harvesting and coke loyalty of water chestnuts (coke loyalty, king army, king comma, water chestnut excavator [ P ]. China, 201110112088, 2011-10-05.), a water chestnut dry harvesting excavator is designed, a wheel type tractor is used as power, digging is carried out through a furrow plough, a rotary cutting crushing device is used for separating the water chestnuts from soil, and then manual picking is carried out; research on a water chestnut collection ship is carried out by Chenhaifeng and the like (Chenhaifeng, Zhangxi, water chestnut collection ship excavation mechanism and structural design research [ J ].2013), a paddy field harvester is designed, a ship type tractor is used as power, a rotary grid digging shovel is adopted for excavation, and meanwhile separation is realized through a water jet cutter inside a digging device; the general design of a water chestnut harvester [ J ] is China agricultural machinery academy 2017, a wheel type tractor is used as power, a digging shovel is used for digging out water chestnuts, and soil is separated from the water chestnuts through a separating device and a spraying device; because the water chestnuts are deep in harvested mud feet and high in soil viscosity, in the method, the wheel type tractor sinks deep in mud feet, the ship type tractor driving wheels seriously slide, the ship body sliding resistance is large, the unit traction efficiency is low, the separation device mostly adopts vibration separation, and the separation effect needs to be further improved.
Aiming at the problems, the crawler-type walking device is adopted, the grounding area is large, the crawler-type walking device has the advantages of small grounding specific pressure, good specific pressure uniformity and good adhesion performance, the bidirectional vibration separation device is adopted as the separation device, the separation is more reliable than unidirectional separation, the separation rate is higher, in order to further improve the soil removal effect, the spiral brush type cleaning device is adopted, the radial force of the spiral brush to the water chestnuts enables the water chestnuts to roll in the cleaning machine, the axial force to the water chestnuts enables the water chestnuts to move to the tail of the cleaning machine, the separated water chestnuts can be further cleaned, the cleaning rate is high, the whole machine can complete the working procedures of digging, conveying, separating, cleaning, packaging and the like of the water chestnuts at one time, the functions are comprehensive, and the harvesting efficiency is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a crawler-type water chestnut combine harvester which can greatly improve the separation rate and the cleaning rate aiming at the defects of the technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the crawler-type water chestnut combine harvester comprises a chassis, a traveling system, an excavating system, a bidirectional vibration separation system, a cleaning system and a hydraulic lifting system, wherein the traveling system is installed below the chassis;
the bidirectional vibration separation system comprises a rack welded on the chassis, a bidirectional vibration separation device installed on the rack and a belt wheel transmission mechanism; the bidirectional vibration separation device comprises a front separation sieve plate hinged to the middle front part of the rack through an eccentric shaft, a rear separation sieve plate hinged to the middle rear part of the rack through an eccentric shaft, a conveying belt arranged below the rear end of the rear separation sieve plate and a jaw clutch; meanwhile, the rear separation sieve plate transmits power to the front separation sieve plate through a chain wheel transmission mechanism, and at least two reset springs which are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the front separation sieve plate and the rear separation sieve plate are arranged on the side plate of the rack, which is positioned at the side of the chain wheel transmission mechanism;
the belt wheel transmission mechanism comprises a driving wheel, a tensioning wheel, a first belt wheel, a third chain wheel, a second belt wheel, a fourth chain wheel, a reciprocating push rod, a bevel gear set and an incomplete gear set, wherein the driving wheel transversely penetrates through the tail end of the rack and is mounted on the rack through a bearing; the fourth chain wheel, one half of the jaw clutch and the bevel gear group driving wheel are coaxially arranged on the rack, the other half of the jaw clutch is arranged on the eccentric shaft of the rear separation sieve plate, the half of the jaw clutch and the other half of the jaw clutch are coaxially corresponding, the bevel gear group driven wheel and the incomplete gear group driving wheel are coaxially arranged, the incomplete gear group driven wheel and the crankshaft are coaxially arranged on the rack, the crankshaft is connected with the reciprocating push rod, a push handle at one end of the reciprocating push rod penetrates through a slide way in the middle of the rack to be in contact with the side part of the front separation sieve plate, and a push handle at the other end of the reciprocating push rod penetrates through a slide way in the rear of the rack to be in contact with the side part of the rear separation sieve plate.
Further, the transmission ratio of the bevel gear set driving wheel to the bevel gear set driven wheel is 2: 1, the number of teeth on the incomplete gear set action wheel is the half of complete number of teeth, divide into and has tooth semicircle and toothless semicircle, incomplete gear set action wheel has the number of teeth of tooth semicircle to equal to the number of teeth of incomplete gear set from the driving wheel.
Furthermore, the front separation sieve plate and the rear separation sieve plate respectively comprise a sieve plate frame and a plurality of corrugated rods which are arranged on the sieve plate frame side by side, and the sieve plate frames are respectively arranged on the rack through four eccentric shafts; and side baffles are arranged on the side surfaces of the front separation sieve plates.
Furthermore, the front separation sieve plate is hinged to the front part of the frame through a first front-row eccentric shaft and a first rear-row eccentric shaft, the rear separation sieve plate is hinged to the rear part of the frame through a second front-row eccentric shaft and a second rear-row eccentric shaft, the front separation sieve plate and the rear separation sieve plate are arranged in a forward and backward inclined upward manner, and the rear separation sieve plate is positioned behind and below the front separation sieve plate; and a first chain wheel is arranged on the first back row eccentric shaft on the same side, a second chain wheel is arranged on the second back row eccentric shaft, and the first chain wheel is connected with the second chain wheel through a first chain.
Furthermore, the bidirectional vibration separation system also comprises two guide plates which are respectively arranged on two sides of the rack and used for directionally conveying the water chestnuts on the conveying belt, and the two guide plates are obliquely arranged to form an opening with a larger front part and a smaller rear part.
Further, the excavation system comprises an excavation table, a rotary grid type excavation shovel arranged at the front end of the excavation table, a conveying screw axially penetrating through the excavation table and mounted at the rear end of the excavation table through a bearing, and a large-inclination-angle conveying device of which the bottom end is welded on the excavation table and located at the concentrated end of the conveying screw, wherein the large-inclination-angle conveying device transmits power to the conveying screw through a belt wheel transmission mechanism.
Furthermore, the rotary grid-bar type digging shovel comprises a digging shovel central shaft axially penetrating through a bearing and fixed at the front end of the digging platform, a digging shovel inner frame fixed on the digging shovel central shaft through a spline, a digging roller welded on the digging shovel inner frame and a plurality of rows of grid bars uniformly arranged on the digging roller along the circumference, wherein the digging shovel central shaft transmits power to the conveying screw through a chain wheel transmission mechanism.
Furthermore, the digging roller is provided with six rows of grid bars, the diameter of each grid bar is 8-12 mm, and the center distance between every two adjacent grid bars is 15-25 mm.
Furthermore, the cleaning system comprises an upper frame, a spiral brush type cleaning machine, a water tank, a water chestnut storage box and a feeding slide way, wherein the upper frame is positioned behind the bidirectional vibration separation system and fixed on the chassis, the spiral brush type cleaning machine is arranged in the upper frame, the water tank is arranged at the top of the upper frame, the water chestnut storage box is arranged on the chassis and positioned on the side of the spiral brush type cleaning machine, and the feeding slide way is used for connecting the spiral brush type cleaning machine and the water chestnut storage box.
Furthermore, the spiral brush type cleaning machine comprises a cleaning machine frame arranged inside the upper frame, a main shaft axially penetrating through a bearing and fixed on the cleaning machine frame, a top cover arranged at the top of the cleaning machine frame, a mud filter net which is combined with the top cover and coaxially arranged with the main shaft inside the cleaning machine frame, spiral brushes which are circumferentially distributed on the main shaft, a water pump which is arranged on the top cover and connected with the water tank, a cleaning machine bevel gear which is arranged at the end part of the main shaft and used for the power transmission of the spiral brush type cleaning machine, and a water seepage plate which is arranged inside the cleaning machine frame and is positioned below the mud filter net, wherein the cleaning machine bevel gear is meshed with a reduction gearbox bevel gear of the reduction gearbox.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the crawler-type water chestnut combine harvester mainly aims at harvesting water chestnuts in paddy fields, adopts the crawler-type traveling device to have the advantages of large grounding area, small grounding specific pressure, good uniformity of the grounding specific pressure and good adhesion performance, and can be well suitable for the work of paddy fields; moreover, aiming at paddy field operation, the rotary grid type digging shovel can solve the problems of serious soil accumulation phenomenon, large working resistance and the like when the water chestnut digger operates, can prevent water chestnuts from being missed to dig and reduces the damage to the water chestnuts;
2. the adopted bidirectional vibration separation device comprises back throwing motion and left-right sieving motion of the water chestnuts, soil slices entering the bidirectional vibration separation device through the digging shovel comprise a mixture of soil and the water chestnuts, stones, stems and leaves and the like, when the water chestnuts are thrown back on the separation sieve plate, the threaded rods on the separation sieve plate can increase friction force between the water chestnuts and the separation sieve plate to generate combing and impacting effects on the water chestnuts, and when the water chestnuts are sieved left and right on the separation sieve plate, the separation sieve plate generates vibration effects on the water chestnuts. The separation rate reaches 70-80%, stones and stems and leaves in the mixture are removed through the combing and brushing effect of the rasp bars and the vibration effect, and the separation rate reaches 90%, compared with a common separation device, the bidirectional vibration separation device provided by the invention has the advantages that the separation is thorough, the operation is reliable, the damage to the water chestnuts is small due to the combination of two separation motions, the water chestnuts are conveyed backwards during separation, the further operation on the water chestnuts is facilitated, and the bidirectional vibration separation device can be arranged in a water chestnut combined collection device, so that the separation rate and the removal rate of the water chestnuts and the soil are increased, the labor force is relieved, and the labor cost is reduced;
3. the spiral brush in the adopted spiral brush type cleaning machine has the axial transmission and radial combing effects on the water chestnuts, so that the water chestnuts are obliquely turned backwards and rolled in the mud filter net, the cleaning is more thorough, the spiral brush is arranged at an angle with the horizontal plane, the water chestnuts move from the head to the tail of the cleaning machine under the action of the self gravity component and the axial transmission force of the spiral brush, the continuous cleaning is realized, and the cleaning rate reaches 80%;
4. the water chestnut harvester can complete the work of digging, transporting, separating, cleaning, packaging and the like at one time, has low requirement on the water source reserve, greatly shortens the water chestnut harvesting time, improves the water chestnut harvesting efficiency, has small damage to the water chestnuts during the harvesting process, reduces the labor intensity of farmers, and realizes the intensive production of the water chestnuts.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a crawler-type water chestnut combine according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the excavation system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the cleaning system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the uncapped top configuration of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the bi-directional vibratory separation system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a top view of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the separation sieve plate of FIG. 1;
FIG. 8 is the drive schematic of FIG. 5;
fig. 9 is a drive diagram of fig. 1.
In the figure: a rotary grid-bar type digging shovel 1, a digging platform 2, a conveying screw 3, a large-inclination-angle conveying device 4, a hydraulic system fixing frame 5, a hydraulic cylinder 6, a hydraulic rod 7, a frame 8, a bidirectional vibration separating device 9, a belt wheel transmission mechanism 10, a spiral brush type cleaning machine 11, an upper frame 12, a feeding slideway 13, a water tank 14, a water chestnut storage box 15, a lifting beam 16, a conveying shaft chain wheel 17, a second chain 18, a central shaft chain wheel 19, a central shaft 20, a grid bar 21, a digging roller 22, a digging shovel inner frame 23, a front separating sieve plate 24, a rear separating sieve plate 25, a tooth-embedded clutch 26, a bevel gear group driving wheel 27, a bevel gear group driven wheel 28, an incomplete gear group driving wheel 29, an incomplete gear group driven wheel 30, a crankshaft 31, a reciprocating push rod 32, a first chain wheel 33, a first chain 34, a second chain wheel 35, a fourth chain wheel 36, a first front-row eccentric shaft, The cleaning machine comprises a sieve plate frame 39, a corrugated rod 40, a return spring 41, a driving wheel 42, a tension wheel 43, a conveying belt 44, a guide plate 45, a second front-row eccentric shaft 46, a second rear-row eccentric shaft 47, a first belt wheel 48, a third chain wheel 49, a third chain 50, a second belt wheel 51, a cleaning machine frame 52, a mud filter 53, a main shaft 54, a spiral brush 55, a top cover 56, a water pump 57, a cleaning machine bevel gear 58, a water seepage plate 59, a reduction gearbox 60, a reduction gearbox 61, a push handle 62, a side plate 63, a second bevel gear 64, a first rear-row eccentric shaft 65, a chassis 66, a third belt wheel 67, a first belt 68, a fourth belt wheel 69 and a first bevel gear 70.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
The crawler-type water chestnut combine harvester shown in fig. 1 comprises a chassis 66, a walking system arranged below the chassis 66, a digging system arranged in front of the chassis 66, a bidirectional vibration separation system arranged above the chassis 66, a cleaning system arranged behind the chassis 66 and a hydraulic lifting system. In this embodiment, the running system is a crawler-type running gear, and is installed below the chassis 66 and connected to the chassis 66.
The hydraulic lifting system comprises a hydraulic system fixing frame 5 welded on the chassis 66, a hydraulic cylinder 6 fixed on the hydraulic system fixing frame 5 and a hydraulic rod 7.
Referring to fig. 2, the excavating system includes an excavating table 2, a rotating grid type excavating shovel 1 provided at a front end of the excavating table 2, a conveying screw 3 axially penetrating through and mounted at a rear end of the excavating table 2 through a bearing, and a large-inclination conveying device 4 having a bottom end welded to the excavating table 2 and located at a concentrated end (i.e., an output end) of the conveying screw 3, and the large-inclination conveying device 4 transmits power to the conveying screw 3 through a third pulley 67, a first belt 68, and a fourth pulley 69. A lifting beam 16 welded to the end of the excavation table 2 is connected to a hydraulic rod 7 in a hydraulic lifting system, and when the hydraulic rod 7 is lifted, the excavation table 2 and the large-inclination conveyor 4 are simultaneously lifted upward. The rotary grid type digging shovel 1 comprises a digging shovel central shaft 20 axially penetrating through a bearing and fixed at the front end of the digging table 2, a digging shovel inner frame 23 fixed on the digging shovel central shaft 20 through splines, a digging roller 22 welded on the digging shovel inner frame 23 and a plurality of rows of grid strips 21 evenly arranged on the digging roller 22 along the circumference, a central shaft chain wheel 19 is sleeved at one end of the digging shovel central shaft 20, a conveying chain wheel 17 is sleeved at one end of a conveying screw 3, the central shaft chain wheel 19 and the conveying chain wheel 17 are arranged at the same side, and the central shaft chain wheel 19 and the conveying chain wheel 17 transmit power through a second chain 18. In the embodiment, the digging roller 22 is provided with six rows of grid bars 21, one row is provided with 90 grid bars, the diameter of each grid bar 21 is 8-12 mm (preferably 10mm), the center distance between every two adjacent grid bars 21 is 15-25 mm (preferably 20mm), and water chestnut digging is ensured to be not leaked.
Referring to fig. 5 and 6, the bidirectional vibration separating system includes a frame 8 welded to the chassis, a bidirectional vibration separating device 9 mounted on the frame 8, and a belt wheel transmission mechanism 10. Wherein, the bidirectional vibration separation device 9 comprises a front separation sieve plate 24 hinged at the front part in the frame 8 through a first front row eccentric shaft 37 and a first rear row eccentric shaft 65, a rear separation sieve plate 25 hinged at the rear part in the frame 8 through a second front row eccentric shaft 46 and a second rear row eccentric shaft 47, a conveying belt 44 arranged below the rear end of the rear separation sieve plate 25, two guide plates 45 respectively installed at the two sides of the frame 8 through screws and used for directionally conveying water chestnuts on the conveying belt 44 (namely, one guide plate 45 is installed at one side of the frame 8 through screws, the other guide plate 45 is installed at the other side of the frame 8 through screws, and the two guide plates 45 are obliquely arranged to form an opening with a large front part and a small rear part) and a jaw clutch 26, the front separation sieve plate 24 and the rear separation sieve plate 25 are both obliquely upwards arranged forwards (according to the advancing direction of the water chestnut combine) (namely, the rear ends of the front separation sieve plate 24 and the rear separation sieve plate, meanwhile, the rear separation sieve plate 25 is positioned behind and below the front separation sieve plate 24; meanwhile, a first chain wheel 33 is installed on the first rear row eccentric shaft 65 on the same side, a second chain wheel 35 is installed on the second rear row eccentric shaft 47, and the first chain wheel 33 is connected with the second chain wheel 35 through a first chain 34, so that the movement of the rear separation sieve plate 25 is transmitted to the front separation sieve plate 24 through the second chain wheel 35, the first chain 34 and the first chain wheel 33, and two return springs 41 which respectively correspond to the front separation sieve plate 24 and the rear separation sieve plate 25 one by one are arranged on a side plate 63 of the rack 8 on the side of the first chain 34, namely, one return spring 41 corresponds to the side of the front separation sieve plate 24, and the other return spring 41 corresponds to the side of the rear separation sieve plate 25. The belt wheel transmission mechanism comprises a driving wheel 42 transversely penetrating the tail end of the frame 8 and mounted on the frame 8 through a bearing, a tension wheel 43 transversely mounted on the frame 8 through a bearing and positioned in front of the driving wheel 42, a first belt wheel 48 mounted at one end of the shaft of the driving wheel 42 (the power of the engine is transmitted to the whole bidirectional vibration separation device through the first belt wheel 48), a third chain wheel 49 mounted at the other end of the shaft of the driving wheel 42, a second belt wheel 51 mounted at the other end of the shaft of the driving wheel 42 and positioned outside the third chain wheel 49, a fourth chain wheel 36 connected with the third chain wheel 49 through a third chain 50, a reciprocating push rod 32, a bevel gear set and an incomplete gear set, wherein the second belt wheel 51 is connected with a first bevel gear 70 at the middle part of the frame 8 through the belt wheel transmission mechanism, and the first bevel gear 70 is; wherein, the fourth chain wheel 36, half of the jaw clutch 26 and the bevel gear group driving wheel 27 are coaxially installed on the frame 8, the other half of the jaw clutch 26 is installed on the second rear row eccentric shaft 47 of the rear separation screen plate 25, and half of the jaw clutch 26 and the other half of the jaw clutch 26 are coaxially corresponding, the bevel gear group driven wheel 28 and the incomplete gear group driving wheel 29 are coaxially installed, the incomplete gear group driven wheel 30 and the crankshaft 31 are coaxially installed on the frame 8, the crankshaft 31 is connected with the reciprocating push rod 32, one end push handle 62 of the reciprocating push rod 32 passes through the slideway in the middle of the frame 8 to be contacted with the side of the front separation screen plate 24, and the other end push handle 62 of the reciprocating push rod 32 passes through the slideway in the rear of the frame 8 to be contacted with the side of the rear separation screen plate 25; meanwhile, the bevel gear group drive pulley 27 meshes with the bevel gear group driven pulley 28, and the incomplete gear group drive pulley 29 meshes with the incomplete gear group driven pulley 30. In this embodiment, the transmission ratio between the bevel gear group driving wheel 27 and the bevel gear group driven wheel 28 is 2: 1, the number of teeth on the incomplete gear set driving wheel 29 is half of the number of teeth, and is divided into a toothed semicircle and a toothless semicircle, and the number of teeth of the toothed semicircle of the incomplete gear set driving wheel 29 is equal to the number of teeth of the incomplete gear set driven wheel 30.
As shown in fig. 7, the front separation screen 24 and the rear separation screen 25 each comprise a screen frame 39 and a plurality of threaded rods 40 mounted side by side on the screen frame 39, the screen frame 39 is mounted on the frame 8 by four eccentric shafts, i.e. the screen frame 39 of the front separation screen 24 is hinged in the front in the frame 8 by two first front eccentric shafts 37 and two first rear eccentric shafts 65, and the screen frame 39 of the rear separation screen 25 is hinged in the rear in the frame 8 by two second front eccentric shafts 46 and two second rear eccentric shafts 47. The side of the front separation sieve plate 24 is also provided with a side baffle 38 to prevent water chestnuts from falling out during vibration. Of course, the front separation screen plate 24 and the rear separation screen plate 25 may also be made as an integral separation screen plate, the integral separation screen plate is hinged on the frame 8 through two front-row eccentric shafts and two rear-row eccentric shafts in an inclined manner (according to the arrangement direction of the frame, the front end of the integral separation screen plate is lower than the rear end of the integral separation screen plate), wherein at least one return spring 41 corresponding to the integral separation screen plate is arranged on a side plate 63 of the frame 8 located at the side of the first chain 34, and the reciprocating push rod 32 may have one end push handle 62 or both ends push handle 62 which penetrate through a slideway of the frame 8 to contact with the side portion of the integral separation screen plate. A plurality of small separating screen decks may also be used, mounted on the frame in the same manner as described above, and will not be described again.
Referring to fig. 8, in operation, power is input into the bidirectional vibration separation device through the first belt wheel 48 to drive the driving wheel 42 to rotate, the driving wheel 42 drives the belt wheel transmission mechanism to operate, the third chain wheel 49 and the second belt wheel 51 are installed at the other end of the shaft of the driving wheel 42, the second belt wheel 51 transmits the power of the engine to the large-inclination conveying device 4 in a forward mode through the belt wheel transmission mechanism, the first bevel gear 70 and the second bevel gear 64 in sequence, the third chain wheel 49 transmits the power to the front separation sieve plate 24 and the rear separation sieve plate 25, and in the bidirectional vibration separation device, the front separation sieve plate 24 and the rear separation sieve plate 25 both perform back throwing motion and left and right sieving intermittent motion. When the front separation sieve plate 24 and the rear separation sieve plate 25 sieve left and right, the reciprocating push rod 32 is at the starting point, the jaw clutch 26 is in the combined state, when the bevel gear group driving wheel 27 rotates for one circle, the bevel gear group driven wheel 28 and the incomplete gear group driving wheel 29 rotate for half a circle, at this time, the incomplete gear group driving wheel 29 has a toothed half circle meshed with the incomplete gear group driven wheel 30, the incomplete gear group driven wheel 30 rotates for one circle to drive the crankshaft 31 to rotate for one circle, the crankshaft 31 drives the reciprocating push rod 32 to reciprocate back and forth through the slideway of the frame 8, when the reciprocating push rod 32 progresses, the front separation sieve plate 24 and the rear separation sieve plate 25 are pushed to move inwards, the front separation sieve plate 24 and the rear separation sieve plate 25 compress the reset spring 41, when the reciprocating push rod 32 returns, under the action of the reset spring 41, the front separation sieve plate 24 and the rear separation sieve plate 25 reset, the jaw clutch 26 is in the process of movement from engagement to disengagement, disengagement to engagement, and does not transmit power; when the front separation sieve plate 24 and the rear separation sieve plate 25 perform the back throwing motion, the bevel gear group driving wheel 27 rotates for a circle, the bevel gear group driven wheel 28 and the incomplete gear group driving wheel 29 rotate for a half circle, a toothless semicircular circle of the incomplete gear group driving wheel 29 contacts a locking arc of the incomplete gear group driven wheel 30, the incomplete gear group driven wheel 30 is in a locking state, the reciprocating push rod 32 is still at a starting point, the jaw clutch 26 is in a combining state, the power of the fourth chain wheel 36 is transmitted into a second rear row eccentric shaft 47 of the rear separation sieve plate 25 through the jaw clutch 26 and is transmitted to the front separation sieve plate 24 through the first chain 34, and the front separation sieve plate 24 and the rear separation sieve plate 25 perform the back throwing motion under the action of the eccentric shafts.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the washing system includes an upper frame 12 located behind the bidirectional vibration separation system and fixed on a base plate 66, a spiral brush type washing machine 11 built in the upper frame 12, a water tank 14 installed at the top of the upper frame 12, a water chestnut storage box 15 installed on the base plate 66 and located at the side of the spiral brush type washing machine 11, and a feeding chute 13 for connecting the spiral brush type washing machine 11 and the water chestnut storage box 15.
The spiral brush type cleaning machine 11 comprises a cleaning machine frame 52 arranged inside an upper frame 12, a main shaft 54 axially penetrating through and fixed on the cleaning machine frame 52 through a bearing, a top cover 56 arranged at the top of the cleaning machine frame 52, a mud filter 53 involuted with the top cover 56 and coaxially arranged inside the cleaning machine frame 52 with the main shaft 54, spiral brushes 55 arranged on the main shaft 54 along the circumference, a water pump 57 arranged on the top cover 56 and connected with the water tank 14, a cleaning machine bevel gear 58 arranged at the end part of the main shaft 54 and used for transmitting the power of the spiral brush type cleaning machine 11, and a water seepage plate 59 arranged inside the cleaning machine frame 52 and positioned below the mud filter 53, wherein the cleaning machine bevel gear 58 is meshed with a reduction gearbox bevel gear 61 of a reduction gearbox 60, the included angle between the mud filter 53 and the horizontal plane is 28-32 degrees (preferably 30 degrees), and the gap between the spiral brush 55 and the mud filter 53 is 15-20 mm (preferably, the top cover 56 and the mud filter 53 are coaxially aligned and then fixed on the cleaning machine frame 52 through bolts. The water tank 14 is positioned at the top of the washing machine frame 52, and the water pump 57 guides the water in the water tank 14 into the spiral brush 55 in the spiral brush type washing machine to keep the spiral brush 55 moist; when the water chestnut cleaning machine works, water chestnuts enter the spiral brush type cleaning machine through the inlet at the front end of the mud filtering net 53 and fall between the mud filtering nets 53 of the spiral brush 55, and because the included angle between the mud filtering net 53 and the horizontal plane is 28-32 degrees (preferably 30 degrees), the water chestnuts move towards the tail part of the spiral brush type cleaning machine under the action of the self gravity component and the spiral brush 55, and muddy water brushed by the spiral brush 55 seeps into the water seepage plate 59 through the holes of the mud filtering net 53. The feeding slideway 13 is arranged at the outlet of the rear end of the mud filtering net 53, receives the water chestnuts washed by the spiral brush washing machine 11 and guides the water chestnuts into the water chestnut collecting box 15.
As shown in fig. 9, in the transmission system, the power output from the rear of the engine is transmitted to the reduction gearbox 60 through the belt, the reduction gearbox 60 transmits the power to the spiral brush type cleaning machine 11 through the reduction gearbox bevel gear 61, the power is transmitted to the first belt wheel 48 of the belt wheel transmission mechanism 10 through the belt, the third chain wheel 49 and the second belt wheel 51 on the left side of the driving wheel 42 are driven, the power is transmitted to the bidirectional vibration separation device 9 through the third chain wheel 49, the power of the engine is transmitted to the large-inclination angle transmission device 4 through the belt wheel transmission mechanism, the first bevel gear 70 and the second bevel gear 64 in sequence by the second belt wheel 51, when the excavation system is lowered through the hydraulic system, the first bevel gear 70 and the second bevel gear 64 are meshed to drive the large-inclination angle transmission device 4 to work, and the large, The first belt 68 and the fourth belt pulley 69 transmit power to the conveying screw 3, and the conveying screw 3 forwards the power to the rotary grid type excavating shovel 1 by a chain sprocket.
In the work, the power of the rear output shaft of the engine of the crawler type traveling device is input to the input shaft of the reduction gearbox 60 through the belt pulley, the reduction gearbox 60 drives the spiral brush type cleaning machine 11 through the reduction gearbox bevel gear 61, the belt pulley transmission mechanism 10 is driven to work through the first belt pulley 48, the first belt pulley 48 of the belt pulley transmission mechanism 10 transmits the power to the bidirectional vibration separation mechanism 9 through the driving wheel 42, the third chain wheel 49, the third chain wheel 50 and the fourth chain wheel 36, the second belt pulley 51 forwards transmits the power of the engine to the large-inclination-angle conveying device 4 through the belt pulley transmission mechanism, the first bevel gear 70 and the second bevel gear 64 in sequence, when the hydraulic rod 7 of the hydraulic lifting system is in a lifting state, the power can not be transmitted forwards, when the hydraulic rod 7 of the hydraulic lifting system is in a descending state, the first bevel gear 70 and the second bevel gear 64 are meshed to drive the large-inclination-angle conveying, the water chestnuts are conveyed upwards by the large-inclination-angle conveying device 4, the power of the large-inclination-angle conveying device 4 is transmitted to the conveying screw 3 through the third belt wheel 67, the first belt 68 and the fourth belt wheel 69, the conveying screw 3 is driven to rotate, the conveying screw 3 drives the rotary grid type digging shovel 1 to work through the chain wheel mechanism, and the water chestnuts are dug.
The crawler-type water chestnut combine harvester mainly aims at harvesting water chestnuts in paddy fields, adopts the crawler-type traveling device to have the advantages of large grounding area, small grounding specific pressure, good uniformity of the grounding specific pressure and good adhesion performance, and can be well suitable for the work of paddy fields; moreover, aiming at paddy field operation, the rotary grid type digging shovel can solve the problems of serious soil accumulation phenomenon, large working resistance and the like when the water chestnut digger operates, can prevent water chestnuts from being missed to dig and reduces the damage to the water chestnuts; the adopted bidirectional vibration separation device comprises the back throwing motion and the left and right sieving motion of the water chestnuts, the separation is more thorough than that of the traditional unidirectional separation device, the separation effect is good, soil slices entering the bidirectional vibration separation device through the digging shovel comprise mixtures of soil and the water chestnuts, stones, stems and leaves and the like, when the water chestnuts do the back throwing motion on the separation sieve plate, the threaded rods on the separation sieve plate can increase the friction force between the water chestnuts and the separation sieve plate to generate the combing effect and the impacting effect on the water chestnuts, and when the water chestnuts do the left and right sieving motion on the separation sieve plate, the separation sieve plate generates the vibration effect on the water chestnuts. The separation rate reaches 70-80%, stones and stems and leaves in the mixture are removed through the combing and brushing effect of the rasp bars and the vibration effect, and the separation rate reaches 90%, compared with a common separation device, the bidirectional vibration separation device provided by the invention has the advantages that the separation is thorough, the operation is reliable, the damage to the water chestnuts is small due to the combination of two separation motions, the water chestnuts are conveyed backwards during separation, the further operation on the water chestnuts is facilitated, and the bidirectional vibration separation device can be arranged in a water chestnut combined collection device, so that the separation rate and the removal rate of the water chestnuts and the soil are increased, the labor force is relieved, and the labor cost is reduced; the spiral brush type cleaning machine can simultaneously realize the cleaning and backward transportation of the water chestnuts, the spiral brush in the adopted spiral brush type cleaning machine has the axial transmission and radial combing and brushing effects on the water chestnuts, so that the water chestnuts are obliquely turned backwards in the mud filter net, the cleaning is more thorough, the spiral brush is arranged at an angle with the horizontal plane, the water chestnuts move from the head to the tail of the cleaning machine under the action of the self gravity component and the axial transmission force of the spiral brush, the continuous cleaning is realized, the cleaning is thorough, and the cleaning rate reaches 80%. Therefore, the water chestnut harvester can complete the work of digging, transporting, separating, cleaning, packaging and the like at one time, has low requirement on the water source reserve, greatly shortens the water chestnut harvesting time, improves the water chestnut harvesting efficiency, has small damage to the water chestnuts during the harvesting process, reduces the labor intensity of farmers, and realizes the intensive production of the water chestnuts.
Claims (10)
1. The crawler-type water chestnut combine harvester is characterized in that: the device comprises a chassis (66), a traveling system arranged below the chassis (66), an excavating system arranged in front of the chassis (66), a bidirectional vibration separation system arranged above the chassis (66), a cleaning system and a hydraulic lifting system which are arranged behind the chassis (66), wherein a lifting cross beam (16) welded at the tail end of the excavating system is connected with the hydraulic lifting system;
the bidirectional vibration separation system comprises a rack (8) welded on the chassis, a bidirectional vibration separation device (9) installed on the rack (8) and a belt wheel transmission mechanism (10); the bidirectional vibration separation device (9) comprises a front separation sieve plate (24) hinged to the middle front part of the rack (8) through an eccentric shaft, a rear separation sieve plate (25) hinged to the middle rear part of the rack (8) through an eccentric shaft, a conveying belt (44) arranged below the rear end of the rear separation sieve plate (25) and a jaw clutch (26); meanwhile, the rear separation sieve plate (25) transmits power to the front separation sieve plate (24) through a chain wheel transmission mechanism, and at least two return springs (41) which are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the front separation sieve plate (24) and the rear separation sieve plate (25) are arranged on a side plate (63) of the rack (8) positioned on the side of the chain wheel transmission mechanism;
the belt wheel transmission mechanism comprises a driving wheel (42) transversely penetrating through the tail end of the rack (8) and mounted on the rack (8) through a bearing, a tension wheel (43) transversely mounted on the rack (8) through a bearing and positioned in front of the driving wheel (42), a first belt wheel (48) mounted at one end of a shaft of the driving wheel (42), a third chain wheel (49) mounted at the other end of the shaft of the driving wheel (42), a second belt wheel (51) mounted at the other end of the shaft of the driving wheel (42) and positioned outside the third chain wheel (49), a fourth chain wheel (36) connected with the third chain wheel (49) through a third chain (50), a reciprocating push rod (32), a bevel gear set and an incomplete gear set, wherein the second belt wheel (51) is connected with the large-inclination-angle conveying device (4) through a transmission mechanism; wherein the fourth chain wheel (36), half of the jaw clutch (26) and the bevel gear group driving wheel (27) are coaxially arranged on the frame (8), the other half of the jaw clutch (26) is arranged on the eccentric shaft of the rear separation sieve plate (25), the half of the jaw clutch (26) and the other half of the jaw clutch (26) are coaxially corresponding, the bevel gear group driven wheel (28) and the incomplete gear group driving wheel (29) are coaxially arranged, the incomplete gear group driven wheel (30) and the crankshaft (31) are coaxially arranged on the frame (8), the crankshaft (31) is connected with the reciprocating push rod (32), one end push handle (62) of the reciprocating push rod (32) penetrates through a slideway in the middle of the frame (8) to be contacted with the side part of the front separation sieve plate (24), and the other end push handle (62) of the reciprocating push rod (32) penetrates through a slideway in the rear of the frame (8) to be contacted with the rear separation sieve plate (24) The sides of the exit screen (25) are in contact.
2. The tracked water chestnut combine harvester according to claim 1, wherein: the transmission ratio of the bevel gear group driving wheel (27) to the bevel gear group driven wheel (28) is 2: 1, the number of teeth on incomplete gear train action wheel (29) is the half of complete number of teeth, divide into and has tooth semicircle and toothless semicircle, incomplete gear train action wheel (29) has the number of teeth of tooth semicircle to equal to the number of teeth of incomplete gear train from driving wheel (30).
3. The crawler-type water chestnut combine harvester according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the front separation sieve plate (24) and the rear separation sieve plate (25) respectively comprise a sieve plate frame (39) and a plurality of threaded rods (40) which are arranged on the sieve plate frame (39) side by side, and the sieve plate frame (39) is arranged on the rack (8) through four eccentric shafts; and side baffles (38) are arranged on the side surfaces of the front separation sieve plates (24).
4. The crawler-type water chestnut combine harvester according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the front separation screen plate (24) is hinged to the front part of the frame (8) through a first front row eccentric shaft (37) and a first rear row eccentric shaft (65), the rear separation screen plate (25) is hinged to the rear part of the frame (8) through a second front row eccentric shaft (46) and a second rear row eccentric shaft (47), the front separation screen plate (24) and the rear separation screen plate (25) are both arranged in a forward and backward inclined direction, and the rear separation screen plate (25) is positioned behind and below the front separation screen plate (24); and a first chain wheel (33) is arranged on the first rear-row eccentric shaft (65) on the same side, a second chain wheel (35) is arranged on the second rear-row eccentric shaft (47), and the first chain wheel (33) is connected with the second chain wheel (35) through a first chain (34).
5. The crawler-type water chestnut combine harvester according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the bidirectional vibration separation system also comprises two guide plates (45) which are respectively arranged on two sides of the rack (8) and used for directionally conveying the water chestnuts on the conveying belt (44), and the two guide plates (45) are obliquely arranged to form openings with large front parts and small back parts.
6. The crawler-type water chestnut combine harvester according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the excavating system comprises an excavating table (2), a rotary grid-bar type excavating shovel (1) arranged at the front end of the excavating table (2), a conveying screw (3) axially penetrating through and mounted at the rear end of the excavating table (2) through a bearing, and a large-inclination-angle conveying device (4) with the bottom end welded on the excavating table (2) and located at the concentrated end of the conveying screw (3), wherein the large-inclination-angle conveying device (4) transmits power to the conveying screw (3) through a belt wheel transmission mechanism.
7. The tracked water chestnut combine harvester according to claim 6, wherein: the rotary grid type digging shovel (1) comprises a digging shovel central shaft (20) axially penetrating through a bearing and fixed at the front end of the digging table (2), a digging shovel inner frame (23) fixed on the digging shovel central shaft (20) through a spline, a digging roller (22) welded on the digging shovel inner frame (23) and a plurality of rows of grid strips (21) uniformly arranged on the digging roller (22) along the circumference, wherein the digging shovel central shaft (20) transmits power to the conveying screw (3) through a chain wheel transmission mechanism.
8. The tracked water chestnut combine harvester according to claim 7, wherein: six rows of grid bars (21) are arranged on the digging roller (22), the diameter of each grid bar (21) is 8-12 mm, and the center distance between every two adjacent grid bars (21) is 15-25 mm.
9. The crawler-type water chestnut combine harvester according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the cleaning system comprises an upper frame (12) which is positioned behind the bidirectional vibration separation system and fixed on the chassis (66), a spiral brush type cleaning machine (11) which is arranged in the upper frame (12), a water tank (14) which is arranged at the top of the upper frame (12), a water chestnut storage box (15) which is arranged on the chassis (66) and positioned at the side of the spiral brush type cleaning machine (11), and a feeding slide way (13) which is used for connecting the spiral brush type cleaning machine (11) and the water chestnut storage box (15).
10. The tracked water chestnut combine harvester according to claim 9, wherein: the spiral brush type cleaning machine (11) comprises a cleaning machine frame (52) arranged in the upper frame (12), a main shaft (54) axially penetrating through a bearing and fixed on the cleaning machine frame (52), a top cover (56) arranged at the top of the cleaning machine frame (52), a mud filter net (53) which is matched with the top cover (56) and coaxially arranged with the main shaft (54) in the cleaning machine frame (52), spiral brushes (55) distributed and arranged on the main shaft (54) along the circumference, a water pump (57) arranged on the top cover (56) and connected with the water tank (14), a cleaning machine bevel gear (58) arranged at the end part of the main shaft (54) and used for transmitting the power of the spiral brush type cleaning machine (11) and a water seepage plate (59) arranged in the cleaning machine frame (52) and positioned below the mud filter net (53), the cleaning machine bevel gear (58) is meshed with a reduction gearbox bevel gear (61) of a reduction gearbox (60).
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112335394A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-02-09 | 芜湖农翔农业科技开发有限公司 | Automatic efficient water chestnut digger |
| CN114303576B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-12-20 | 海南大学 | Small-size sweet potato harvester of formula is dug soon to unilateral |
| CN114287224B (en) * | 2022-01-05 | 2023-01-13 | 山东理工大学 | Simple harmonic excitation double disturbance wave-shaped separation process and device for potato harvester |
| CN114946373B (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2023-03-31 | 三峡大学 | Tooth rake self-overturning type harvesting mechanism of houttuynia cordata harvester |
| CN115443790B (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2024-04-19 | 三峡大学 | Water chestnut harvester and method |
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