CN108668586B - Annual fertilization method for mature medlar trees with age of more than 7 years - Google Patents
Annual fertilization method for mature medlar trees with age of more than 7 years Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
- C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
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Abstract
The invention relates to a year-round fertilization method for an adult Chinese wolfberry tree with the age of more than 7 years, which is formed by targeted fertilization of five stages including a moon seed fertilizer, a sprout leaf spreading fertilizer, a tip promoting and flower protecting fertilizer, a fruit containing fertilizer and a fertilizer supplementing fertilizer after autumn. The fertilizing method for the mature medlar trees of more than 7 years has strong pertinence, scientific and reasonable fertilizer formula at each stage, meets the requirement of the medlar trees on nutrients, improves soil, achieves the purposes of weight reduction and efficiency improvement, greatly improves the yield and quality of medlar, and can be widely popularized and applied to medlar trees of more than 7 years in arid and semi-arid regions in northwest.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilization, in particular to a method for applying fertilizers to mature medlar trees of more than 7 years.
Background
The medlar is a precious medicinal material in the traditional Chinese medicine and is a common dietary tonic in life. The medlar is neutral in nature and sweet in taste, and has the effects of nourishing kidney, protecting liver, moistening lung and improving eyesight. Pharmacological component analysis shows that the medlar is rich in mineral elements such as medlar polysaccharide, carotene, betaine, vitamins, various amino acids, flavone, Ca, Fe and the like, and the substances play an important role in regulating and supplementing in human metabolism in a feeding mode. The medlar species originate from China and have been planted for more than 4000 years. The medlar has strong sprouting power and sprouting power, has high-quality characteristics of drought resistance, saline-alkali resistance, barren soil resistance and the like, is a first-choice ecological forest and economic forest in arid and semiarid regions in northwest, and forms a big medlar industrial pattern which takes Ningxia planting as a core, Gansu and inner Mongolia as two wings and drives Qinghai and Xinjiang by radiation. Because the medlar is favored by the growth characteristics of fertilizer, high fertilizer is usually used by the farmers, and the fertilizer selection depends heavily on traditional fertilizers such as urea and diammonium, meanwhile, phosphorus utilization rate is low due to phosphorus fixation of calcareous soil in northwest, the volatilization loss of nitrogen fertilizer is serious, the input amount of potassium fertilizer is extremely low, and unreasonable proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium becomes a key problem restricting the yield and quality improvement of medlar. The traditional medlar fertilization technology emphasizes a 'secondary fertilization' method which mainly uses base fertilization and supplements additional fertilization, and the fertilizer loss is serious, the medlar yield is low and the quality is poor due to insufficient nutrient supply when the fertilizer is needed in the full bearing period, and the fertilizer does not meet the nutrient requirement rule of medlar growth. Meanwhile, high-concentration salt generated by applying a large amount of chemical fertilizer once inhibits root system germination of the Chinese wolfberry in spring, soil hardening and secondary salinization are caused, and Chinese wolfberry root rot is frequently caused by applying non-decomposed farmyard manure and the like.
Chinese patent document CN106831261A (application No. CN201710172759.1) discloses a medlar set fertilizer and a fertilizing method thereof, wherein the set fertilizer comprises a base fertilizer, a seedling strengthening fertilizer, a flower strengthening fertilizer and a fruit strengthening fertilizer; the effective components of the base fertilizer respectively account for the weight percentage of the base fertilizer in terms of pure nutrients: 16.5-18% of nitrogen, 17-18% of phosphorus, 10-13% of potassium, 0.3-0.5% of selenium and 5-9% of organic auxiliary materials, wherein the effective components of the seedling strengthening fertilizer respectively account for the weight percentage of the seedling strengthening fertilizer in terms of pure nutrients: 16.5 to 18 percent of nitrogen, 17 to 18 percent of phosphorus, 10 to 13 percent of potassium, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of selenium, 3 to 4 percent of compound amino acid and 1 to 3 percent of medium trace element fertilizer; the effective components of the strong fruit fertilizer are the same as those of the strong flower fertilizer, and the set of meal fertilizer has balanced nutrients and scientific formula and can greatly improve the quality and the yield of the medlar. The fertilizing method is characterized in that the medlar is sequentially applied with base fertilizer, seedling strengthening fertilizer, flower strengthening fertilizer and fruit strengthening fertilizer according to time, and the method optimizes the fertilizer efficiency of the set of meal fertilizer. The nutrition element collocation of the invention is more comprehensive, but the invention does not pay attention to the soil improvement of drought sandy loam, because the organic matter of the soil of the medlar production area is low, and the supplement of organic matter is a necessary means for losing weight and increasing efficiency, the soil fertility can be improved, the fertilizer input is less, the economic age limit of medlar is prolonged, meanwhile, because the root rot disease and the like of the medlar old production area are serious in recent years, the breeding and spreading of fusarium can be effectively inhibited by biocontrol microorganisms such as bacillus amyloliquefaciens and the like, and the pure nutrient supply can not meet the health of the old medlar tree. In the invention, the organic substance-containing microbial fertilizer is originally applied to the medlar.
Chinese patent document CN102405721A (application No. CN201110291846.1) discloses a fertilizing method for lycium barbarum with the age of less than four years, and provides a fertilizing method for lycium barbarum with the age of less than four years, wherein the lycium barbarum with the age of less than four years comprises newly built lycium barbarum and lycium barbarum with the age of 2-4 years, the fertilizing comprises base fertilizer application and top dressing, and the fertilizing method is to deeply apply fertilizers. By adopting the fertilizing method of deeply applying the fertilizer, the absorptivity of the fertilizer can be improved, the volatilization rate of the fertilizer is reduced, the medlar can reach higher yield by applying less fertilizer, the fertilizer input amount per unit area is reduced, the pH value of the soil is reduced to 7.23 from 8.57, the secondary salinization of the soil is reduced, the sustainable utilization of cultivated land is protected, the saline-alkali harm of soil in an irrigation area is effectively prevented, and the species of the saline-alkali soil can be enriched. The application amount of the fertilizer is reduced mainly by deep application, the fertilizer still adopts the traditional fertilizers such as urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate, the nitrogen source in the urea is the most suitable nitrogen source for the root rot of the Chinese wolfberry, and the long-term application causes the root rot to be large and popular and is not suitable for the application of the old Chinese wolfberry. Meanwhile, ammonia nitrogen in diammonium hydrogen phosphate is volatilized and lost in arid and semi-arid soil, nitrogen fertilizer loss is serious, soil hardening is caused after long-term application, the growth of medlar root systems is hindered, the yield of mature trees and aged trees is greatly influenced, and the incidence of root rot and gummosis is increased. The invention adopts nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in spring tip and summer fruit period, changes the traditional nitrogen fertilizer application form, improves the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer, simultaneously, the medlar is absorbed more quickly, the top dressing effect is more obvious, the medlar is grown quickly, the first stubble fruits are more, and the economic benefit is higher.
Chinese patent document CN1673202 (application No. CN200510065339.0) discloses a preparation method and a fertilization technology of a special fertilizer for medlar, and invents three concentrated special compound fertilizers for medlar and fertilization technologies thereof, wherein urea, triple superphosphate and potassium sulfate are used as raw materials, and N, P, K proportions of the three concentrated special compound fertilizers are completely different and are applied at different growth and growth stages of medlar; in addition, urea and KH are used2PO4、KCl、EDTA、CuSO4、ZnSO4、MnSO4、FeSO4Ammonium molybdate, methionine, sodium humate, sodium metasilicate, borax, sodium selenite, rare earth nitrate and the like are used as raw materials to prepare the liquid micro-fertilizer with comprehensive and complete nutrients and the fertilizing technology thereof. By applying the invention, the medlar individual becomes bigger, the weight and length of the hundred grains are increased,the content of soluble solid, total sugar, protein, amino acid and lycium barbarum polysaccharide is increased, the yield of the lycium barbarum is increased by 10-15%, the quality of the lycium barbarum is comprehensively improved, and the planting benefit of the lycium barbarum is improved. In the invention, only urea is used as a nitrogen source, the biuret content is high, the toxicity is generated on the root system of the Chinese wolfberry, and the fertilizer applying the urea nitrogen source can take effect in 7-10 days and has slow fertilizer effect. The medlar can absorb nitrate nitrogen more easily. Meanwhile, the liquid fertilizer uses KCl raw materials and a large amount of sodium salt raw materials, so that the risk of aggravating soil surface salinization exists. The products used in the present invention are preferably made from potassium salt. When the triple superphosphate is applied in the top dressing, the in-season utilization rate of phosphorus energy is greatly reduced, the supply of phosphorus required by medlar rooting and flowering is slow, and the root growth and the medlar fruiting amount are influenced to a certain extent. The use of advanced raw materials in the present invention is superior to the use of conventional raw materials in the present invention.
Chinese patent document CN102511252A (application No. CN201110327599.6) discloses a fertilizing method for increasing the yield of lycium barbarum of more than five years old, specifically, comprising deep fertilizing the lycium barbarum of more than five years old from the soil thawing period to the autumn fruit period, and spraying fertilizer on the leaves of the lycium barbarum of more than five years old from the early flowering period to the summer fruit harvesting period. The fertilizing method obviously reduces the application amount of the fertilizer, obviously improves the yield of the medlar with the age of more than five years, and has the effect of protecting soil. The fertilizer disclosed by the invention is prepared from urea, triple superphosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate, and by using the traditional fertilizer, the Chinese wolfberry soil hardening, root rot and the like are aggravated, more fertilizer residues are generated, and the salt damage of a root system is aggravated. Meanwhile, only spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate from the early flowering stage to the summer fruit harvesting stage has certain disease resistance and wolfberry quality improvement effects, medium and trace quantity which are easily deficient in the flowering stage and the fruit stage of the wolfberry such as B, Zn, Ca, Mg and the like are neglected, and the Ca and Mg deficiency effectiveness of the soil in the wolfberry production area is generally low, so that the problems of low fruit setting rate, poor fruit shape, reduced thousand-grain weight and the like are caused. The invention fully considers the suitable nitrogen form, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient proportion, medium and trace element combination, application amount and application mode of the medlar in different growth periods, adopts the compound fertilizer, the microbial fertilizer and the water soluble fertilizer to be applied in a matching way, and is a relatively perfect healthy fertilization scheme for the medlar with age of more than 7 years.
Disclosure of Invention
The method is characterized in that the annual rapid growth span from germination to dormancy of the medlar tree of more than 7 years is 6-7 months, germination, stripping, flowering and fruit filling are carried out alternately, the merging time of vegetative growth and reproductive growth is long, and the nutrient requirement is outstanding. The invention aims to provide a fertilizing method for improving the yield and quality of aged medlar trees, and the invention combines quick-acting and long-acting nutrients to realize the accurate matching of annual medlar nutrients according to the nutrient requirement rule of medlar. The method can obviously improve the yield and quality of the aged medlar, reduce the application amount of fertilizer, improve the soil fertility, maintain the healthy tree vigor, realize the continuous high yield of the aged medlar and ensure the excellent quality of the medlar.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for applying fertilizers to adult wolfberry trees with age of more than 7 years all year round comprises five stages of 'moon fertilizer' after autumn, sprout-growing leaf-spreading fertilizer, tip-promoting flower-protecting fertilizer, fruit-containing fertilizer and supplementary fertilizer.
According to the invention, preferably, the post-autumn "lunar manure" comprises the following applied amount of fertilizer composition:
9-16 kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 0.25-0.45 kg of golden fungus crown and 0.18-0.23kg of 17-17-17 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer;
more preferably, 0.02 to 0.2 mass percent of polymeric amino acid, most preferably polyaspartic acid and/or polyglutamic acid is added into the 17-17-17 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer. The golden fungus crowns can accelerate decomposition of organic matters of decomposed farmyard manure and inhibit propagation and propagation of pathogenic bacteria.
Preferably, the 'monthly manure' is applied in the middle ten days of 10 months after autumn, and after fruits of mature medlar are picked, hemispherical symmetrical annular ditches are dug along the outer edge of a crown, wherein the width is 10-15cm, and the depth is 20-25 cm; and sequentially applying decomposed farmyard manure, golden fungus crowns and 17-17-17 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizers.
According to the present invention, preferably, the budding and leaf spreading fertilizer comprises the following applied amount of fertilizer compositions:
0.18-0.23kg of golden mushroom crown and 0.36-0.45 kg of 17-17-17 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer;
more preferably, the organic matter in the golden mushroom crown is not less than 45wt%, and the content of bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 5 hundred million/g;
0.02-0.2% of polymeric amino acid, most preferably polyaspartic acid and/or polyglutamic acid is added into the 17-17-17 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer.
Preferably, the germination leaf-spreading fertilizer is applied to No. 1-5 of No. 4 month, two symmetrical strip-shaped ditches are formed in the vertical projection edge of the crown, the ditching length is 50cm, the width is 10-15cm, the depth is 20-30cm, and the golden mushroom crown and the 17-17-17 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer are sequentially applied.
According to the invention, preferably, the tip-promoting and flower-protecting fertilizer comprises the following applied amounts of fertilizer:
0.18-0.23kg of Jinzhengda nitro-sulfenyl compound fertilizer per plant, and 1.5mL of foliar fertilizer per plant and 3 times of foliar fertilizer for beautiful flowers;
preferably, the aurum nitronium sulfenyl 21-6-13 compound fertilizer contains 5wt% of nitrate nitrogen;
the foliar fertilizer with beautiful flowers contains humic acid more than or equal to 30g/L, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium more than or equal to 210g/L, boron more than or equal to 10g/L and zinc (EDTA-Zn) more than or equal to 15 g/L.
Preferably, the fertilizer is applied in ten days of 5 months, 4 symmetric digging holes with the diameter of 20cm and the depth of 20cm are arranged along the applying ditch of the lunar fertilizer strip far away from the two sides of the tree body after autumn; applying a Jinzhengda nitrosulfenyl 21-6-13 compound fertilizer; spraying a 'beautiful flower' foliar fertilizer in the bud stage, wherein the foliar fertilizer is sprayed before 10 am or after 5 am and applied by 1.5 mL/plant/time and 3 times.
According to the invention, preferably, the fruit containing fertilizer comprises the following application amounts of fertilizer:
0.036-0.045 kg of 15-5-25 parts of Jingzheng nitro compound fertilizer, 0.02-0.03kg of 16-8-34 parts of water soluble fertilizer, 1.5mL of foliar fertilizer with excellent fruit quality per plant and 3 times of application;
preferably, the 16-8-34 water soluble fertilizer contains 8wt% of nitrate nitrogen;
preferably, the calcium, the magnesium, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium and the copper, the iron, the manganese, the zinc and the boron in the 'fruit-excellent' foliar fertilizer are more than or equal to 120g/L, more than or equal to 15g/L, more than or equal to 200g/L and more than or equal to 2 g/L;
preferably, the fruit containing fertilizer is irrigated with water at 6 months, and 15-5-25 nitryl compound fertilizer and 16-8-34 water soluble fertilizer; spraying a 'fruit excellent' foliar fertilizer in the full-bearing period, wherein the spraying time is before 10 am or after 5 am.
According to the invention, preferably, the supplementary fertilizer is Jinzheng high-tower nitro-sulfenyl 21-6-13 compound fertilizer, and the application amount is 0.068-0.090 kg per plant;
preferably, the Jinzhengda high-tower nitro-sulfenyl 21-6-13 compound fertilizer contains 8wt% of nitrate nitrogen;
preferably, the supplemental fertilizer is applied with irrigation in mid 7 months.
According to the invention, the annual fertilization method for the mature medlar tree with age more than 7 years comprises the following steps:
(1) "lunar fertilizer" after autumn: in the middle ten days of 10 months, after fruits of mature medlar are picked, hemispherical symmetrical annular ditches are dug along the outer edge of a crown, the width is 10-15cm, the depth is 20-25 cm, 9-16 kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 0.25-0.45 kg of golden mushroom crown and 0.18-0.23kg of 17-17-17 potassium sulfate compound fertilizer are sequentially applied to each plant, 0.02-0.2 mass percent of polymeric amino acid is added into the 17-17-17 potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, the polymeric amino acid is preferably polyaspartic acid and/or polyglutamic acid, 3 layers of different nutrition layers are formed, and soil is sealed after fertilization;
(2) sprout leaf spreading fertilizer: no. 4/month No. 1-5, two symmetrical strip-shaped ditches are arranged on the vertical projection edge of the crown, the ditching length is 50cm, the width is 10-15cm, the depth is 20-30cm, 0.18-0.23kg of the golden mushroom crown and 0.18-0.23kg of the 17-17-17 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer are applied to each plant; the mass percentage of polymeric amino acid is 0.02-0.2% and is preferably polyaspartic acid and/or polyglutamic acid in the potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer of which the organic matter in the golden mushroom crown is equal to or larger than 45% and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 5 hundred million/g and 17-17-17;
(3) promoting shoots and protecting flowers fertilizer: in last ten days of month 5, symmetrically digging 4 holes with the diameter of 20cm and the depth of 20cm along the two sides of the tree body far away from the furrow in the step (1); 0.18-0.23kg of Jinzhengda nitro-sulfenyl 21-6-13 compound fertilizer is applied to each plant, and soil is covered in holes; spraying foliar fertilizer with beautiful flowers for 3 times, wherein the spraying time is before 10 am or after 5 am, and the amount of the foliar fertilizer is 1.5 mL/plant/time;
the Jinzhengda nitrosulfenyl 21-6-13 compound fertilizer contains 5% of nitrate nitrogen, the humic acid in the flower graceful leaf fertilizer is more than or equal to 30g/L, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium is more than or equal to 210g/L, the boron is more than or equal to 10g/L, and the zinc (EDTA-Zn) is more than or equal to 15 g/L;
(4) fruit containing fertilizer: irrigating water after 6 months, and applying 0.036-0.045 kg of a 15-5-25-inch-golden composite fertilizer to each plant for 3-4 times; applying 16-8-34 kg of water-soluble fertilizer to each plant for 1-2 times, wherein the water-soluble fertilizer is 0.02-0.03 kg; spraying 1.5mL of 'excellent fruit' foliar fertilizer per plant for 3 times in the full-bearing period, wherein the spraying time is before 10 am or after 5 am;
the Jinzhengda 15-5-25 nitro compound fertilizer contains 8% of nitrate nitrogen, and 16-8-34 water soluble fertilizer contains more than or equal to 120g/L of calcium, more than or equal to 15g/L of magnesium, more than or equal to 200g/L of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium and more than or equal to 2g/L of copper, iron, manganese, zinc and boron;
(5) fertilizer supplement: in 7 middle of the month, 0.068-0.090 kg of Jinzhenggaotanian sulfenyl 21-6-13 compound fertilizer containing 8% of nitrate nitrogen is applied to each plant along with irrigation.
According to the invention, in the whole growth period of the medlar, foliage micro-fertilizer spraying is carried out for 6 times, wherein the bud period is 3 times, and the full-bearing period is 3 times.
The remarkable advantages of the autumn 'moon fertilizer' of the invention are that: besides meeting the basic nutrient requirements of soil cultivation in common soil cultivation, the golden mushroom crown can accelerate decomposition of decomposed farmyard manure organic matters, inhibit propagation and propagation of germs, break soil hardening and activate soil nutrients; meanwhile, the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer contains polymerized amino acid which exists in the fertilizer as the minimum molecule for forming protein and has the characteristic of easy absorption by the Chinese wolfberry trees; the disease resistance of the medlar tree is improved, the quality of the medlar is improved, the metabolic function of the medlar tree is enhanced, the photosynthesis is improved, the development of the root system of the medlar tree is promoted, and a foundation is laid for the disease resistance of the medlar tree in the next year.
The sprout leaf spreading fertilizer has the following remarkable advantages: in the sprouting and leaf-spreading period of the medlar, because the drought sandy loam is easy to volatilize ammonia and the calcareous soil phosphorus is easy to fix, the requirements of major elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are met, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the golden mushroom crown is used for solubilizing phosphorus and fixing nitrogen, the effect is obvious, and the breeding of germs such as root rot and the like is further prevented in spring.
The fertilizer for promoting shoots and protecting flowers has the remarkable advantages that: in the period of promoting tip and flower retention, the compound fertilizer and the foliar fertilizer are used cooperatively, and nitrate nitrogen added in the compound fertilizer can promote tip by a spring, so that bearing branches grow vigorously in seven inches in spring. And boron, zinc and the like of the foliar fertilizer can maintain unlimited inflorescence flowering capability and improve pollination seed setting rate.
The fruit containing fertilizer has the remarkable advantages that: the compound fertilizer focuses on high-potassium fertilization, improves the sugar degree, has high color conversion speed, is beneficial to the accumulation of (carotenoid) polyphenol and flavonoid medicinal components, and has high conversion, absorption and utilization rate of the nitro-based fertilizer in drought soil, and the later-stage swelling, red-turning and large-scale fruits. The foliar fertilizer with excellent fruit quality contains macro, medium and trace elements, can improve the hardness and cell wall thickness of the fruit, has beautiful fruit color and improves the weight of a single fruit. Especially, the combination of trace elements of copper, iron, manganese, zinc and boron can obviously improve the medicinal components.
The supplementary fertilizer has the remarkable advantages that: after summer fruits are picked, nutrients of trees are deficient, the nutrients are supplemented in the middle 7 th month, the recovery of tree vigor is facilitated, and the bearing branches sprout in seven inches in autumn, and the nutrients of autumn fruits are supplemented. Mainly supplementing nitrogen.
In the invention, the inventor improves the fertilizing method of the medlar tree with age of more than 7 years, selects the optimized fertilization of fertilizers in different stages to combine according to the fertilizer requirement characteristics of each stage to obtain a group of compound fertilizer formulas, and can give consideration to the quality and the yield of medlar only when various fertilizers adopt specific matching, so that the relationship between the cultivation of the medlar tree and the quality and the yield of the medlar product is more harmonious and win-win.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the obvious advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. the fertilizing method for the mature medlar trees of more than 7 years has strong pertinence, scientific and reasonable fertilizer formula at each stage, meets the requirement of the medlar trees on nutrients, improves soil, achieves the purposes of weight reduction and efficiency improvement, greatly improves the yield and quality of medlar, and can be widely popularized and applied to medlar trees of more than 7 years in arid and semi-arid regions in northwest.
2. According to the fertilizing method, the fertilizer preparation ratio of each period of the medlar can effectively meet the medlar nutrient balance requirement under the soil condition of the Tokyo, the nutrient element synergistic absorption is realized, the nutrient short board with the restriction of yield increase is complemented, the systematic fertilizing system is formed, and the yield and quality of the grown medlar are increased uniformly.
3. The fertilization method of the invention adopts fertilization optimization technologies such as fertilization times increase, annular, strip and point fertilization methods, staggered fertilization positions, quick-acting and normal fertilizer application, and the like, promotes the rapid downward-pricking and spreading growth of the root system to the periphery and two sides, and the spatial structure of the root system is more reasonable. The single-hole fertilizer input amount is obviously reduced, the fertilizing accuracy is improved, the nutrient loss is reduced, and the fertilizer utilization rate is improved.
4. The foliage spraying in the fertilizing method of the invention effectively supplements the easy-to-lack medium and trace elements in the flowering and full bearing period, so that the medlar has long flowering period, large flower quantity and high pollination rate, and the medlar yield, especially the first-crop fruit yield, is obviously improved.
5. According to the fertilizing method, the quality of the medlar is effectively improved through the synergistic functional fertilizers such as trace elements and amino acids and the scientific fertilizing scheme, the total input amount of the chemical fertilizers is reduced, the damage of soil salinization is reduced, the continuous high yield and high quality of the medlar are realized, and the effective economic life of the medlar tree is prolonged by more than 7 years.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by, but is not limited to, the following examples.
The fertilizer products related to the invention are all conventional commercial products purchased from Jinzheng ecological engineering group, wherein the microbial crown (containing organic matter ≧ 45%, 5 hundred million/g of bacillus amyloliquefaciens and the like) is 40 kg/bag in specification, the 17-17-17 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer (added with polymeric amino acid which is polyaspartic acid and/or polyglutamic acid with the content of 0.02% -0.2%) is 40 kg/bag in specification, the 21-6-13 nitro-sulfur-based compound fertilizer (containing 5% of nitrate nitrogen) is 40 kg/bag in specification, the 15-5-25 nitro-compound fertilizer is 40 kg/bag in specification, the 16-8-34 water-soluble fertilizer (containing 8% of nitrate nitrogen) is 5 kg/bag in specification, and the 'flower beauty' foliar fertilizer (humic acid is ≥ 30g/L, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ≥ 210 g/L), Boron is more than or equal to 10g/L, zinc (EDTA-Zn) is more than or equal to 15g/L), the specification is 260 ml/bottle, and the specification of the fruity and excellent foliar fertilizer (calcium is more than or equal to 120g/L, magnesium is more than or equal to 15g/L, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium is more than or equal to 200g/L, and copper, iron, manganese, zinc and boron are more than or equal to 2g/L) is 50 ml/bag.
In the invention, each fertilizer is used by a single plant, and the actual dosage per mu needs to be converted according to different cultivation densities. All the percentages are mass percentages.
Example 1
A year-round fertilization method for mature medlar trees with age of more than 7 years specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) "lunar fertilizer" after autumn: in the middle ten days of 10 months, after fruits of grown Chinese wolfberry are picked, hemispherical symmetrical annular ditches are dug along the outer edge of a crown, the width is 10-15cm, the depth is 20-25 cm, 16kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 0.35kg of golden fungus crown (organic matter is not less than 45%, 5 hundred million/g of bacillus amyloliquefaciens and the like) and 0.20kg of 17-17-17 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer (polymeric amino acid is added, the polymeric amino acid is polyaspartic acid and/or polyglutamic acid, and the content is 0.02% -0.2%) are sequentially applied to each plant to form 3 different nutrition layers, and soil is sealed after fertilization.
(2) Sprout leaf spreading fertilizer: no. 4/month 1-5, two symmetrical strip-shaped ditches are arranged on the vertical projection edge of the crown, the ditching length is 50cm, the width is 10-15cm, the depth is 20-30cm, 0.23kg of a golden mushroom crown (organic matter is not less than 45%, 5 hundred million/g of bacillus amyloliquefaciens and the like) is applied to each plant, and 0.35kg of a 17-17-17 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer (polymerized amino acid is added, the polymerized amino acid is polyaspartic acid and/or polyglutamic acid, and the content is 0.02-0.2%).
(3) Promoting shoots and protecting flowers fertilizer: in last ten days of 5 months, 4 furrows are symmetrically dug along the middle strip in the step (1) and far away from the two sides of the tree body, the diameter is 20cm, and the depth is 20 cm. 0.18kg of Jinzhengda nitro-sulfenyl 21-6-13 compound fertilizer (containing 5 percent of nitrate nitrogen) is applied to each plant, and soil is applied in holes. Spraying foliage fertilizer (humic acid is more than or equal to 30g/L, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium is more than or equal to 210g/L, boron is more than or equal to 10g/L, and zinc (EDTA-Zn) is more than or equal to 15g/L) for 1.5 ml/plant/time in bud period, and totally 3 times. The spraying time is before 10 am or after 5 am.
(4) Fruit containing fertilizer: irrigating water after 6 months, and applying 0.045kg of nitrocompound fertilizer with the size of 15-5-25 mm per plant for 3-4 times; 0.03kg of 16-8-34 water soluble fertilizer (containing 8% of nitrate nitrogen) is applied to each plant by flushing for 1-2 times. Spraying a 'fruit excellent' foliar fertilizer (calcium is more than or equal to 120g/L, magnesium is more than or equal to 15g/L, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium is more than or equal to 200g/L, and copper, iron, manganese, zinc and boron are more than or equal to 2g/L) for 1.5 ml/plant/time in the full-bearing period, and 3 times in total. The spraying time is before 10 am or after 5 am.
(5) Fertilizer supplement: in the middle 7 th month, 0.070kg of compound fertilizer (containing 8% of nitrate nitrogen) is applied to each plant by rushing to apply Jinzheng high-tower nitro sulfenyl 21-6-13.
Example 2
A year-round fertilization method for mature medlar trees with age of more than 7 years specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) "lunar fertilizer" after autumn: in the middle ten days of 10 months, after fruits of grown Chinese wolfberry are picked, hemispherical symmetrical annular ditches are dug along the outer edge of a crown, the width is 10-15cm, the depth is 20-25 cm, 10kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 0.45kg of golden fungus crown (organic matter is not less than 45%, 5 hundred million/g of bacillus amyloliquefaciens and the like) and 0.23kg of 17-17-17 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer (polymeric amino acid is added, the polymeric amino acid is polyaspartic acid and/or polyglutamic acid, and the content is 0.02% -0.2%) are sequentially applied to each plant to form 3 different nutrition layers, and soil is sealed after fertilization.
(2) Sprout leaf spreading fertilizer: no. 4/month 1-5, two symmetrical strip-shaped ditches are arranged on the vertical projection edge of the crown, the ditching length is 50cm, the width is 10-15cm, the depth is 20-30cm, 0.23kg of a golden mushroom crown (organic matter is not less than 45%, 5 hundred million/g of bacillus amyloliquefaciens and the like) is applied to each plant, and 0.36kg of a 17-17-17 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer (polymerized amino acid is added, the polymerized amino acid is polyaspartic acid and/or polyglutamic acid, and the content is 0.02-0.2%).
(3) Promoting shoots and protecting flowers fertilizer: in last ten days of 5 months, 4 furrows are symmetrically dug along the middle strip in the step (1) and far away from the two sides of the tree body, the diameter is 20cm, and the depth is 20 cm. 0.23kg of Jinzhengda nitro-sulfenyl 21-6-13 compound fertilizer (containing 5 percent of nitrate nitrogen) is applied to each plant, and soil is applied in holes. Spraying foliage fertilizer (humic acid is more than or equal to 30g/L, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium is more than or equal to 210g/L, boron is more than or equal to 10g/L, and zinc (EDTA-Zn) is more than or equal to 15g/L) for 1.5 ml/plant/time in bud period, and totally 3 times. The spraying time is before 10 am or after 5 am.
(4) Fruit containing fertilizer: irrigating water after 6 months, and applying 0.036kg of nitrocompound fertilizer with the size of 15-5-25 mm per plant for 3-4 times; 0.02-0.03kg of 16-8-34 water soluble fertilizer (containing 8% of nitrate nitrogen) is applied to each plant by flushing for 1-2 times. Spraying a 'fruit excellent' foliar fertilizer (calcium is more than or equal to 120g/L, magnesium is more than or equal to 15g/L, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium is more than or equal to 200g/L, and copper, iron, manganese, zinc and boron are more than or equal to 2g/L) for 1.5 ml/plant/time in the full-bearing period, and 3 times in total. The spraying time is before 10 am or after 5 am.
(5) Fertilizer supplement: in the middle 7 th month, 0.068kg of Kingjingzheng high-tower nitro-sulfenyl 21-6-13 compound fertilizer (containing 8% of nitrate nitrogen) is applied to each plant along with irrigation.
Example 3
A year-round fertilization method for mature medlar trees with age of more than 7 years specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) "lunar fertilizer" after autumn: in the middle ten days of 10 months, after fruits of grown Chinese wolfberry are picked, hemispherical symmetrical annular ditches are dug along the outer edge of a crown, the width is 10-15cm, the depth is 20-25 cm, 16kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 0.25kg of golden fungus crown (organic matter is not less than 45%, 5 hundred million/g of bacillus amyloliquefaciens and the like) and 0.19kg of 17-17-17 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer (poly-aspartic acid and/or poly-glutamic acid are added as polymerized amino acid, the content is 0.02% -0.2%) are sequentially applied to each plant, 3 different nutrition layers are formed, and soil is sealed after fertilization.
(2) Sprout leaf spreading fertilizer: no. 4/month 1-5, two symmetrical strip-shaped ditches are arranged on the vertical projection edge of the crown, the ditching length is 50cm, the width is 10-15cm, the depth is 20-30cm, 0.18kg of the crown of the gold bacteria (organic matter ≧ 45%, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and the like is 5 hundred million/g) and 0.38kg of the 17-17-17 potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (added with polymerized amino acid) are applied to each plant.
(3) Promoting shoots and protecting flowers fertilizer: in last ten days of 5 months, 4 furrows are symmetrically dug along the middle strip in the step (1) and far away from the two sides of the tree body, the diameter is 20cm, and the depth is 20 cm. 0.23kg of Jinzhengda nitro-sulfenyl 21-6-13 compound fertilizer (containing 5 percent of nitrate nitrogen) is applied to each plant, and soil is applied in holes. Spraying foliage fertilizer (humic acid is more than or equal to 30g/L, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium is more than or equal to 210g/L, boron is more than or equal to 10g/L, and zinc (EDTA-Zn) is more than or equal to 15g/L) for 1.5 ml/plant/time in bud period, and totally 3 times. The spraying time is before 10 am or after 5 am.
(4) Fruit containing fertilizer: irrigating water after 6 months, and applying 0.036-0.045 kg of a 15-5-25-inch-golden composite fertilizer to each plant for 3-4 times; 0.03kg of 16-8-34 water soluble fertilizer (containing 8% of nitrate nitrogen) is applied to each plant by flushing for 1-2 times. Spraying a 'fruit excellent' foliar fertilizer (calcium is more than or equal to 120g/L, magnesium is more than or equal to 15g/L, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium is more than or equal to 200g/L, and copper, iron, manganese, zinc and boron are more than or equal to 2g/L) for 1.5 ml/plant/time in the full-bearing period, and 3 times in total. The spraying time is before 10 am or after 5 am.
(5) Fertilizer supplement: in the middle 7 th month, 0.080kg of Jinzhengda high-tower nitro-sulfenyl 21-6-13 compound fertilizer (containing 8% of nitrate nitrogen) is flushed per plant along with irrigation.
Comparative example 1
The fertilization procedure was as described in example 1 except that "monthly manure" was omitted from the fertilization procedure after autumn in step (1).
Comparative example 2
The fertilization procedure was as described in example 1 except that the germinating foliar fertilizer in step (2) was omitted from the fertilization procedure.
Comparative example 3
The fertilization method as described in example 1 except that the tip promoting and flower retaining fertilizer in step (3) was omitted in the fertilization method.
Comparative example 4
The fertilization method as described in example 1 except that the fruit fertilizer in step (4) is omitted from the fertilization method.
Comparative example 5
The fertilization procedure was as described in example 1 except that the supplemental fertilizer in step (5) was omitted from the fertilization procedure.
Comparative example 6
The fertilization procedure was as described in example 1, except that no crown of golden mushroom was applied in step (1) and step (2).
Comparative example 7
The fertilization method as described in example 1, except that the 17-17-17 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer (with the addition of the polymeric amino acid, which is polyaspartic acid and/or polyglutamic acid, in an amount of 0.02% to 0.2%) was not applied in the steps (1) and (2), and was replaced with the common 17-17-17 potassium sulfate (without the addition of the polymeric amino acid).
Comparative example 8
The fertilization procedure was as described in example 1 except that no aureonitrothioyl 21-6-13 compound fertilizer (containing 5% nitrate nitrogen) was applied in step (3).
Comparative example 9
The fertilization procedure was as described in example 1, except that in step (3) no "floral beauty" foliar fertilizer was applied.
Comparative example 10
The fertilization procedure was as described in example 1 except that 16-8-34 water soluble fertilizer (8% nitrate nitrogen) was not applied in step (4).
Comparative example 11
The fertilization method as described in example 1, except that no "good fruit" foliar fertilizer was applied in step (4).
Test examples
1. Test site: a Yinchuan medlar garden and forest farm.
2. And (3) test crops: the variety is Ningqi No. 1.
3. And (3) test treatment: the fertilization method of example 1 and the fertilization methods of comparative examples 1 to 11 and the local conventional fertilization method were treated separately.
Selecting medlar trees with the same growth vigor and density and the age of more than 7 years, wherein one group is 0.5 mu. The factors such as field management and the like are the same.
4. And (3) test results: randomly selecting 10 plants in each group, measuring the average yield per mu of each plant, randomly selecting fruits in each plant, and determining the quality. (refer to national standard GB/T18672-2002 for determining content of lycium barbarum polysaccharide, using Agilent1200 type high performance liquid chromatograph for determining content of betaine, using KQ5200DB type ultrasonic cleaner for extracting total flavone, and using SP-723 type spectrophotometer for determining flavone content.)
The impact on the yield of wolfberry and on the quality of wolfberry is shown in table 1:
table 1 comparison of data between the method of the present invention and local conventional fertilization methods
The results of table 1 show that the grain weight of the medlar is increased by 18.2 percent, the transverse Jing is increased by 5.1 percent, the medlar has large and heavy single fruit, the longitudinal diameter is increased by 6.70 percent, and the high-quality fruit rate is achieved by using the medlar of example 1 compared with the traditional fertilizing method; meanwhile, the total polysaccharide, the betaine, the total flavone and the carotenoid are respectively improved by 5.86 percent, 9.83 percent, 7.13 percent and 6.39 percent, and the quality of the medlar is improved; in addition, compared with the local traditional fertilizing method, the yield of the medlar is increased by 7.0 percent, wherein the yield of the first-stubble fruits is increased by 15.2 percent.
In addition, the test data of the comparative examples 1 to 11 show that the fertilization formulas of all the stages of the fertilization method are mutually synergistic and mutually influenced, if the corresponding formulas of any certain stage are lacked, the aim of the fertilization method can not be achieved, and the economic and ecological benefits of medlar planting of medlar trees for more than 7 years can be maximized only if the formulas of all the stages of the fertilization method are strictly implemented according to the steps of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A year-round fertilization method for an adult Chinese wolfberry tree with the age of more than 7 years is formed by targeted fertilization of five stages including 'moon seed fertilizer', sprout leaf spreading fertilizer, tip promoting and flower protecting fertilizer, fruit containing fertilizer and supplementary fertilizer after autumn;
the afterautumn 'lunar manure' comprises the following fertilizers in application amount: 9-16 kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 0.25-0.45 kg of golden fungus crown and 0.18-0.23kg of 17-17-17 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer; 0.02-0.2 mass percent of polymeric amino acid is added into the 17-17-17 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer;
the sprouting leaf-spreading fertilizer comprises the following fertilizer components in application amount: 0.18-0.23kg of golden mushroom crown and 0.36-0.45 kg of 17-17-17 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer; organic matter in the golden mushroom crown is equal to or larger than 45wt%, and bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 5 hundred million/g; 0.02-0.2% of polymeric amino acid is added into the 17-17-17 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer;
the tip-promoting and flower-protecting fertilizer comprises the following fertilizer components in application amount: 0.18-0.23kg of Jinzhengda nitro-sulfenyl compound fertilizer per plant, and 1.5mL of foliar fertilizer per plant and 3 times of foliar fertilizer for beautiful flowers; the gold-normal large nitro-sulfenyl 21-6-13 compound fertilizer contains 5wt% of nitrate nitrogen; the foliar fertilizer with beautiful flowers contains humic acid more than or equal to 30g/L, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium more than or equal to 210g/L, boron more than or equal to 10g/L and zinc more than or equal to 15 g/L;
the fruit containing fertilizer comprises the following fertilizer components in application amount: 0.036-0.045 kg of 15-5-25 parts of Jingzheng nitro compound fertilizer, 0.02-0.03kg of 16-8-34 parts of water soluble fertilizer, 1.5mL of foliar fertilizer with excellent fruit quality per plant and 3 times of application; the 16-8-34 water soluble fertilizer contains 8wt% of nitrate nitrogen; the calcium, magnesium, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium and copper, iron, manganese, zinc and boron in the fruit-excellent foliar fertilizer are more than or equal to 120g/L, more than or equal to 15g/L, more than or equal to 200g/L and more than or equal to 2 g/L;
the supplementary fertilizer is Jinzheng high-tower nitro-sulfenyl 21-6-13 compound fertilizer, and the application amount is 0.068-0.090 kg per plant; the Jinzheng high-tower nitro-sulfenyl 21-6-13 compound fertilizer contains 8wt% of nitrate nitrogen.
2. The fertilizing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the "monthly manure" is applied in the middle ten days of 10 months after autumn, after the harvest of mature medlar, semi-spherical symmetrical annular ditches are dug along the outer edge of the crown, the width is 10-15cm, and the depth is 20-25 cm; and sequentially applying decomposed farmyard manure, golden fungus crowns and 17-17-17 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizers.
3. The fertilization method of claim 1, wherein the sprouting leaf-spreading fertilizer is applied from No. 1 to No. 5 of 4 months, two symmetrical strip-shaped ditches are formed in the vertical projection edge of the crown, the ditching length is 50cm, the width is 10-15cm, the depth is 20-30cm, and the golden mushroom crown and the 17-17-17 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer are sequentially applied.
4. The fertilization method according to claim 1, wherein furrows are applied along the afterautumn "monthly fertilizer" strip in the last 5 months far away from the two sides of the tree body, 4 holes are symmetrically dug, the diameter is 20cm, the depth is 20cm, and a Jinzheng big nitro-sulfenyl 21-6-13 compound fertilizer is applied; spraying a 'beautiful flower' foliar fertilizer in the bud stage, wherein the foliar fertilizer is sprayed before 10 am, and is applied by 1.5mL per plant per time and 3 times.
5. The fertilization method according to claim 1, wherein the fruit containing fertilizer is irrigated with 15-5-25 nitro compound fertilizer and 16-8-34 water soluble fertilizer; spraying a 'fruit excellent' foliar fertilizer in the full-bearing period, wherein the spraying time is 10 am.
6. Fertilizing method according to claim 1, characterised in that the supplementary fertilizer is applied with irrigation in mid 7 months.
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| CN1673202A (en) * | 2005-04-04 | 2005-09-28 | 周学义 | Prepn process and applying technique of special wolfberry fertilizer |
| CN102405721B (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-09-04 | 甘肃农业大学 | Fertilization method for medlar aged no more than 4 years |
| CN102511252A (en) * | 2011-10-25 | 2012-06-27 | 甘肃农业大学 | Fertilizer application method for improving yield of medlar tree with age of more than five years |
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| CN104303669A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2015-01-28 | 蒋小春 | Fertilizing method of Chinese wolfberries |
| CN106831261A (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2017-06-13 | 新疆心连心能源化工有限公司 | Matrimony vine set meal fertilizer and its fertilizing method |
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