CN108668526B - Pneumatic soil subsoiler and its working method - Google Patents
Pneumatic soil subsoiler and its working method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于机械土壤深松领域,具体涉及一种气动土壤深松头及其工作方法。The invention belongs to the field of mechanical soil subsoiling, and in particular relates to a pneumatic subsoiling head and a working method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
土壤深松是指使用外力疏松土壤,打破犁底层,改善耕层结构,增强土壤蓄水保墒和抗旱排涝能力的一项耕作技术。开展深松土地作业有利于农作物生长,是提高农作物产量的重要手段之一。在农业生产中,土壤深松作业主要采用传统的深松机作业,如铲式深松机、振动深松机等。近些年兴起一种使用压缩气体喷爆土壤的深松方式,由气枪压入和高压气体喷出配合使用。以上两种常见深松方式存在如下问题:Soil deep loosening refers to a farming technique that uses external force to loosen the soil, break the bottom of the plow, improve the structure of the plow layer, and enhance the ability of soil water storage and moisture conservation and drought resistance and drainage. Carrying out subsoiling soil operations is beneficial to crop growth and is one of the important means to increase crop yield. In agricultural production, soil subsoiling operations mainly use traditional subsoilers, such as shovel subsoilers, vibrating subsoilers, etc. In recent years, a subsoiling method that uses compressed gas to blast the soil has emerged, which is used in conjunction with air gun pressure and high-pressure gas injection. The above two common deep loosening methods have the following problems:
一、传统深松方式利用拖拉机牵引深松机具,机体笨重,技术单一,应用范围小并且能耗比较大。1. The traditional subsoiling method uses a tractor to pull the subsoiling equipment, which is bulky, single technology, small application range and relatively large energy consumption.
二、新兴的气爆深松方式凭借液压缸或气压缸等外力将气枪压入土壤,继而喷射高压气体,将四周土壤震裂,从而达到深松的效果。该种方式下作业深度相对增加,具有作业范围广,深松均匀等特点。但其使用强制入土方式,仍存在入土方式不灵活,入土困难,作业深度有限,安装调整困难等问题。2. The emerging air explosion subsoiling method relies on external forces such as hydraulic cylinders or pneumatic cylinders to press the air gun into the soil, and then spray high-pressure gas to crack the surrounding soil, thereby achieving the effect of subsoiling. In this way, the operation depth is relatively increased, and it has the characteristics of wide operation range and uniform deep loosening. However, it uses the forced entry method, and there are still problems such as inflexible entry method, difficulty in entry, limited operating depth, and difficulty in installation and adjustment.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服上述不足,提供一种气动土壤深松头及其工作方法,增加了凿土机构和气口开关机构,脉冲气体既用来松土也用来入土,解决了现有技术中机具入土困难、机具受力过大,应力集中等问题,有效避免了强制入土的方式。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome above-mentioned deficiency, provide a kind of pneumatic soil loosening head and working method thereof, have increased soil digging mechanism and air port switch mechanism, pulse gas is used for loosening soil and also being used for digging into soil, has solved the existing problems in the prior art. Problems such as difficulty in entering the soil, excessive stress on the machine and tools, and stress concentration have effectively avoided the forced entry into the soil.
为了达到上述目的,一种气动土壤深松头,包括壳体,壳体的轴面上开设有若干窗口,每个窗口内均设置有若干棱形凸起,相邻的棱形凸起间设置有喷射孔,壳体设置有能够使喷射孔与壳体内空间连通或断开的挡板,壳体顶部设置有上端盖,壳体底部设置有下端盖,上端盖插入与壳体内空间连通的导气管,下端盖内设置有活塞,活塞通过弹簧与下端盖底面连接,活塞上设置有柱杆,活塞通过柱杆连接下端盖外的锥体钢头。In order to achieve the above object, a pneumatic soil subsoiling head includes a shell, and several windows are opened on the axial surface of the shell, and several prismatic protrusions are arranged in each window, and the adjacent prismatic protrusions are provided with There is an injection hole, and the housing is provided with a baffle that can connect or disconnect the injection hole and the inner space of the housing. The top of the housing is provided with an upper end cover, and the bottom of the housing is provided with a lower end cover. The upper end cover is inserted into the guide that communicates with the inner space of the housing. The air pipe is provided with a piston in the lower end cover, and the piston is connected with the bottom surface of the lower end cover through a spring.
上端盖包括与壳体连接的第二上端盖,第二上端盖上设置有第一上端盖,第一上端盖上设置有环槽,导气管穿过环槽插入壳体内,导气管与环槽间填充有石墨盘根,第一上端盖上设置有用于固定导气管并压实石墨盘根压盖。The upper end cover includes a second upper end cover connected to the housing, the second upper end cover is provided with a first upper end cover, the first upper end cover is provided with a ring groove, the air guide tube is inserted into the housing through the ring groove, and the air guide tube and the ring groove The spaces are filled with graphite packing, and the first upper end cap is provided with a gland for fixing the air duct and compacting the graphite packing.
上端盖上开设有把手槽,把手槽内设置有能够在把手槽内滑动的把手,把手连接挡板。A handle groove is provided on the upper end cover, and a handle capable of sliding in the handle groove is arranged in the handle groove, and the handle is connected with the baffle plate.
把手连接摆杆,摆杆连接气压缸,气压缸用于驱动摆杆带动把手运动。The handle is connected with a swing rod, and the swing rod is connected with a pneumatic cylinder, and the pneumatic cylinder is used to drive the swing rod to drive the handle to move.
第一上端盖与第二上端盖通过螺栓固定。The first upper end cover and the second upper end cover are fixed by bolts.
上端盖上开设有滑槽,挡板顶部置于滑槽内,挡板与壳体内壁紧密贴合。A chute is provided on the upper end cover, the top of the baffle is placed in the chute, and the baffle is closely attached to the inner wall of the housing.
导气管内部为文丘里结构。The inside of the airway is a Venturi structure.
一种气动土壤深松头的工作方法,当处于入土工况时,使挡板遮盖喷射孔,接通高压气体时,气体通过导气管流入壳体和挡板的内部,由于喷射孔被挡板关闭,气体不能喷出,只能向下流动作用于活塞的上表面,活塞沿壳体内壁向下运动,通过柱杆带动锥体钢头插入土壤,断开高压气体后,活塞在弹簧的作用下恢复原位,在脉冲高压气体的间歇作用下,活塞和锥体钢头不断上下往复,对土壤进行挖凿;A working method of a pneumatic soil subsoiling head. When it is in the working condition of entering the soil, the baffle is used to cover the injection hole. When the high-pressure gas is connected, the gas flows into the shell and the inside of the baffle through the air guide tube. Closed, the gas can not be ejected, it can only act on the upper surface of the piston, and the piston moves down along the inner wall of the shell, and the cone steel head is inserted into the soil through the rod. After the high-pressure gas is disconnected, the piston acts on the spring. Under the intermittent action of pulsed high-pressure gas, the piston and the cone steel head reciprocate continuously up and down to excavate the soil;
当处于喷爆工况时,挡板偏离,使壳体与喷射孔连通,接通高压气体时,脉冲高压气体亦从喷射孔喷出,对周围土壤进行爆裂,达到对土壤深松的目的。When it is in the blasting condition, the baffle deviates, so that the casing communicates with the injection hole. When the high-pressure gas is connected, the pulse high-pressure gas is also ejected from the injection hole, bursting the surrounding soil, and achieving the purpose of deep loosening of the soil.
把手连接摆杆,摆杆连接气压缸;The handle is connected to the swing rod, and the swing rod is connected to the pneumatic cylinder;
当入土工况和喷爆工况切换时,气压缸伸出,摆杆带动把手转动,使挡板5处于对应位置。When switching between the soil-entry working condition and the blasting working condition, the pneumatic cylinder stretches out, and the swing rod drives the handle to rotate, so that the baffle plate 5 is in the corresponding position.
与现有技术相比,本发明在壳体内部设置有挡板,当挡板处于不同角度时,可将喷射孔开启或关闭。当喷射孔关闭时,高压气压作用于下端活塞表面,设备进行入土;当喷射孔开启时,压缩气体则从喷射孔喷出,实现气爆松土,本装置中活塞与弹簧组成的凿土机构,当脉冲气压作用于活塞时,凿土机构上下运动对土壤进行凿挖,配合外力对壳体的下压,能使深松头轻易地插入土壤。本装置既可用来松土也用来入土,解决了现有技术中机具入土困难、机具受力过大,应力集中等问题,使阻力分布均匀,入土更加容易。Compared with the prior art, the present invention is provided with a baffle inside the casing, and when the baffle is at different angles, the injection holes can be opened or closed. When the injection hole is closed, the high-pressure air pressure acts on the surface of the lower piston, and the equipment enters the soil; when the injection hole is opened, the compressed gas is sprayed out from the injection hole to realize air explosion loosening. The soil digging mechanism composed of piston and spring in this device , when the pulse air pressure acts on the piston, the soil digging mechanism moves up and down to excavate the soil, and cooperates with the downward pressure of the external force on the shell, so that the subsoil head can be easily inserted into the soil. The device can be used not only for loosening the soil but also for digging into the soil, which solves the problems in the prior art, such as difficulty in digging into the soil, excessive stress on the tool, stress concentration, etc., makes the resistance distribution even and easier for digging into the soil.
进一步的,本发明的挡板通过把手控制,在实际工作中可根据针对不同的土壤环境来调节把手的开启角度,从而选择相应开启大小的气体窗口进行土壤深松工作,达到“因地施工”的效果。Further, the baffle of the present invention is controlled by the handle, and in actual work, the opening angle of the handle can be adjusted according to different soil environments, so that the gas window of the corresponding opening size can be selected for soil deep loosening work, and "construction according to the site" can be achieved. Effect.
本发明的方法在处于入土工况时,运用了活塞和弹簧组成凿土机构,降低了入土的难度,缓解了入土机具应力集中的现象;在处于喷爆工况时,通过插入壳体内部的气体挡板对脉冲高压气体进行开启或关闭。挡板阻断脉冲气体时,深松头用来入土,挡板释放脉冲气体时,深松头则用于土壤的深松。入土工况与喷爆工况可以任意切换,并且针对不同的土壤环境可以选用不同流量大小的气体进行工作。将脉冲高压气体作为动力来辅助机具入土,降低了入土难度,提高了入土效率,增加了作业深度,并且扩大了作业范围。The method of the present invention uses a piston and a spring to form a digging mechanism when it is in the working condition of digging into the soil, which reduces the difficulty of digging into the soil and alleviates the stress concentration of the digging machine; The gas damper opens or closes the pulsed high-pressure gas. When the baffle blocks the pulse gas, the subsoiler head is used for digging into the soil, and when the baffle plate releases the pulse gas, the subsoiler head is used for subsoiling the soil. The soil-entrying working condition and spraying and blasting working condition can be switched arbitrarily, and different flow rates of gas can be selected for different soil environments. The pulse high-pressure gas is used as power to assist the machine to enter the soil, which reduces the difficulty of entering the soil, improves the efficiency of the soil entry, increases the operating depth, and expands the operating range.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的纵向截面图;Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the present invention;
图2是本发明的俯视图;Fig. 2 is a top view of the present invention;
图3是本发明把手开关的控制系统图;Fig. 3 is the control system figure of handle switch of the present invention;
图4是本发明处于入土工况时的横截面图;Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention when it is in the soil entry condition;
图5是本发明处于喷爆工况时的横截面图;Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention when it is in the spraying mode;
图6是气体挡板的空间立体图。Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the space of the gas baffle.
图中,1.压盖,2.石墨盘根,3.导气管,4.窗口,5.挡板,6.柱杆,7.锥体钢头,8.把手,9.第一上端盖,10.第二上端盖,11.壳体,12.喷射孔,13.棱形凸起,14.活塞,15.弹簧,16.下端盖,17.螺栓,18.把手槽,19.摆杆,20.气压缸。In the figure, 1. gland, 2. graphite packing, 3. air duct, 4. window, 5. baffle, 6. post, 7. cone steel head, 8. handle, 9. first upper end cap , 10. Second upper end cover, 11. Shell, 12. Spray hole, 13. Prismatic protrusion, 14. Piston, 15. Spring, 16. Lower end cover, 17. Bolt, 18. Handle groove, 19. Pendulum Rod, 20. Pneumatic cylinder.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
参见图1、图2和图6,本发明包括输送高压气流的导气管3,导气管3内部为文丘里结构,导气管3通过压盖1固定在第一上端盖9和第二上端盖10的正中央。导气管3与第一上端盖9间设有环槽,环槽内装填有石墨盘根2,压盖1将石墨盘根2压实并与导气管3滑动配合。上端盖下侧开有滑槽放置挡板5,第一上端盖9和第二上端盖10通过螺栓17紧固连接,螺栓17均匀分布于上端盖,且第一上端盖9和第二上端盖10上开有固定角度的把手槽18。第二上端盖10与壳体11同心焊接固定,壳体11外壁设有棱形凸起13,与壳体外部线条相同,插入土壤时可将土壤初步碎裂,并具有入土导向的作用。壳体11外壁均匀分布多个喷射孔12,工作时高压气体从喷射孔12喷出。壳体11内部中空,插有挡板5,壳体11下端内部装有活塞14和弹簧15,活塞14和弹簧15通过下端盖16固定在壳体11内部,活塞14下端通过柱杆6连接一个锥体钢头7,当高压气体作用于活塞14上表面时,活塞14凭借气体压力和弹簧15的弹力通过柱杆6带动锥体钢头7做上下往复运动。Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 6, the present invention includes an air guide tube 3 for conveying high-pressure air flow, the inside of the air guide tube 3 is a Venturi structure, and the air guide tube 3 is fixed on the first upper end cover 9 and the second upper end cover 10 through the gland 1 in the middle of . A ring groove is provided between the air pipe 3 and the first upper end cover 9, and the graphite packing 2 is filled in the ring groove. The gland 1 compacts the graphite packing 2 and slides with the air pipe 3. There is a chute on the lower side of the upper end cover to place the baffle plate 5, the first upper end cover 9 and the second upper end cover 10 are fastened and connected by bolts 17, and the bolts 17 are evenly distributed on the upper end cover, and the first upper end cover 9 and the second upper end cover Have the handle groove 18 of fixed angle on the 10. The second upper end cover 10 is concentrically welded and fixed with the housing 11. The outer wall of the housing 11 is provided with a prismatic protrusion 13, which is the same as the outer line of the housing. A plurality of injection holes 12 are evenly distributed on the outer wall of the casing 11, and high-pressure gas is ejected from the injection holes 12 during operation. The inside of the housing 11 is hollow, and the baffle 5 is inserted. The lower end of the housing 11 is equipped with a piston 14 and a spring 15. The piston 14 and the spring 15 are fixed inside the housing 11 through the lower end cover 16. The lower end of the piston 14 is connected to a Cone steel head 7, when high-pressure gas acts on the upper surface of piston 14, piston 14 drives cone steel head 7 to reciprocate up and down through mast 6 by means of gas pressure and elastic force of spring 15.
参见图1和图5,本发明的挡板5与壳体11内壁紧密贴合,挡板5的上部焊有把手8,挡板5上端固定在第一上端盖9的滑槽中,挡板5的下端固定在壳体11内壁的滑槽中,挡板5由把手8控制在滑槽中转动。挡板5四周表面均匀开设四个窗口4,窗口4与喷射孔12连通时,脉冲高压气体喷射而出,窗口4与喷射孔12错位时,脉冲高压气体则只能在壳体11内部流动。Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 5, the baffle plate 5 of the present invention is closely attached to the inner wall of the housing 11, the upper part of the baffle plate 5 is welded with a handle 8, and the upper end of the baffle plate 5 is fixed in the chute of the first upper end cover 9, and the baffle plate The lower end of 5 is fixed in the chute on the inner wall of the housing 11, and the baffle plate 5 is controlled by the handle 8 to rotate in the chute. Four windows 4 are evenly opened on the surface of the baffle plate 5. When the windows 4 communicate with the injection holes 12, the pulsed high-pressure gas is ejected;
参见图1和图3,当本发明处于入土工况时,气压缸20伸出,摆杆19带动把手8转动,使挡板5处在图4所示位置,此时窗口4与喷射孔12错位。接通高压气体时,气体通过导气管3流入壳体11和挡板5的内部,由于喷射孔12被挡板5关闭,气体不能喷出,只能向下流动作用于活塞14的上表面,活塞14沿壳体11内壁向下运动,通过柱杆6带动锥体钢头7插入土壤,断开高压气体后,活塞14在弹簧15的作用下恢复原位。在脉冲高压气体的间歇作用下,活塞14和锥体钢头7不断上下往复,对土壤进行挖凿。配合较小的外力便能将气爆头轻松地插入地底深处。此方式方法运用了活塞14和弹簧15组成凿土机构,降低了入土的难度,缓解了入土机具应力集中的现象。Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, when the present invention is in the working condition of digging into the soil, the pneumatic cylinder 20 stretches out, and the swing rod 19 drives the handle 8 to rotate, so that the baffle plate 5 is in the position shown in Fig. 4 , and the window 4 and the injection hole 12 dislocation. When the high-pressure gas is connected, the gas flows into the housing 11 and the baffle 5 through the gas guide pipe 3. Since the injection hole 12 is closed by the baffle 5, the gas cannot be ejected and can only flow downward to act on the upper surface of the piston 14. The piston 14 moves downward along the inner wall of the housing 11, and the rod 6 drives the cone steel head 7 to insert into the soil. After the high pressure gas is disconnected, the piston 14 returns to its original position under the action of the spring 15. Under the intermittent action of the pulsed high-pressure gas, the piston 14 and the cone steel head 7 continuously reciprocate up and down to excavate the soil. With a small external force, the air blast head can be easily inserted deep into the ground. This method has utilized the piston 14 and the spring 15 to form the digging mechanism, which reduces the difficulty of digging into the soil and alleviates the phenomenon of stress concentration of the digging machine.
参见图1和图3,当本发明处于喷爆工况时,此时深松头已插在地底所需深度,气压缸20缩回,摆杆19带动把手8转动,使挡板5处在图5所示位置,此时窗口4与喷射孔12连通,脉冲高压气体亦从喷射孔12喷出,对周围土壤进行爆裂,达到对土壤深松的目的。本发明通过插入壳体内部的气体挡板对脉冲高压气体进行开启或关闭。挡板阻断脉冲气体时,深松头用来入土,挡板释放脉冲气体时,深松头则用于土壤的深松。入土工况与深松工况可以任意切换,并且针对不同的土壤环境可以选用不同流量大小的气体进行工作。将脉冲高压气体作为动力来辅助机具入土,降低了入土难度,提高了入土效率,增加了作业深度,并且扩大了作业范围。Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, when the present invention is in the explosion working condition, the subsoiling head has been inserted into the required depth in the ground, the pneumatic cylinder 20 is retracted, and the swing rod 19 drives the handle 8 to rotate, so that the baffle plate 5 is in the position of Position shown in Fig. 5, now the window 4 communicates with the injection hole 12, and the pulse high-pressure gas is also ejected from the injection hole 12, and the surrounding soil is burst to achieve the purpose of loosening the soil. The invention opens or closes the pulse high-pressure gas through the gas baffle plate inserted into the casing. When the baffle blocks the pulse gas, the subsoiler head is used for digging into the soil, and when the baffle plate releases the pulse gas, the subsoiler head is used for subsoiling the soil. The soil entry condition and subsoiling condition can be switched arbitrarily, and different flow rates of gas can be selected for different soil environments. The pulse high-pressure gas is used as power to assist the machine to enter the soil, which reduces the difficulty of entering the soil, improves the efficiency of the soil entry, increases the operating depth, and expands the operating range.
Claims (7)
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CN109479417A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-03-19 | 张锐 | It is a kind of directly soil remediation deep soil to be promoted to add fertile device |
CN109479404A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-03-19 | 黑龙江八农垦大学 | Environment protection type soil is intubated gas permeable devices |
CN109348766B (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2021-10-26 | 成都市农林科学院 | Method for soil deep scarification based on pulse gas explosion |
CN111034398B (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2024-09-27 | 内蒙古农业大学职业技术学院 | Pulse type vibration subsoiler |
CN111837762A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-10-30 | 滁州联润生态农业发展有限公司 | Movable cultivation bed for modern greenhouse |
CN114733896B (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2023-08-18 | 云南俏铌俏生物技术有限公司 | Root system divergent growth type alkaline soil restoration pile |
CN117256224B (en) * | 2023-10-12 | 2024-02-23 | 邹城市自然资源和规划局 | Soil loosening device for soil arrangement |
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JP2007308932A (en) * | 2006-05-17 | 2007-11-29 | Ok Soil:Kk | Ground improvement method |
CN205232699U (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-05-18 | 四川天本生物技术有限公司 | From soil of taking headstock gear head loose deeply |
CN107347259A (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2017-11-17 | 钱娟娟 | Air assisted formula function garden shovel |
CN108093684A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-01 | 苏州乐米凡电气科技有限公司 | A kind of environmental protection greening digger blade |
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JP2007308932A (en) * | 2006-05-17 | 2007-11-29 | Ok Soil:Kk | Ground improvement method |
CN205232699U (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-05-18 | 四川天本生物技术有限公司 | From soil of taking headstock gear head loose deeply |
CN107347259A (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2017-11-17 | 钱娟娟 | Air assisted formula function garden shovel |
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CN208317268U (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2019-01-04 | 长安大学 | A kind of pneumatic soil subsoiling head |
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