CN108668526B - Pneumatic soil subsoiler and its working method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a pneumatic soil subsoiling head and a working method thereof. When the jet hole is closed, high-pressure air acts on the surface of the lower end piston, and the equipment enters the soil; when the jet hole is opened, compressed gas is sprayed out from the jet hole to realize air explosion and soil loosening, and when pulse air pressure acts on the piston, the soil is excavated by the up-and-down movement of the soil chiseling mechanism, and the deep scarification head can be easily inserted into the soil by combining with the external force to press down the shell. The device can be used for loosening soil and entering soil, solves the problems of difficult soil entering, overlarge stress, stress concentration and the like of machines in the prior art, ensures that the resistance distribution is uniform and the soil entering is easier.

Description

A pneumatic soil subsoiler and its working method

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of mechanical soil subsoiling, and in particular relates to a pneumatic subsoiling head and a working method thereof.

Background technique

Soil deep loosening refers to a farming technique that uses external force to loosen the soil, break the bottom of the plow, improve the structure of the plow layer, and enhance the ability of soil water storage and moisture conservation and drought resistance and drainage. Carrying out subsoiling soil operations is beneficial to crop growth and is one of the important means to increase crop yield. In agricultural production, soil subsoiling operations mainly use traditional subsoilers, such as shovel subsoilers, vibrating subsoilers, etc. In recent years, a subsoiling method that uses compressed gas to blast the soil has emerged, which is used in conjunction with air gun pressure and high-pressure gas injection. The above two common deep loosening methods have the following problems:

1. The traditional subsoiling method uses a tractor to pull the subsoiling equipment, which is bulky, single technology, small application range and relatively large energy consumption.

2. The emerging air explosion subsoiling method relies on external forces such as hydraulic cylinders or pneumatic cylinders to press the air gun into the soil, and then spray high-pressure gas to crack the surrounding soil, thereby achieving the effect of subsoiling. In this way, the operation depth is relatively increased, and it has the characteristics of wide operation range and uniform deep loosening. However, it uses the forced entry method, and there are still problems such as inflexible entry method, difficulty in entry, limited operating depth, and difficulty in installation and adjustment.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome above-mentioned deficiency, provide a kind of pneumatic soil loosening head and working method thereof, have increased soil digging mechanism and air port switch mechanism, pulse gas is used for loosening soil and also being used for digging into soil, has solved the existing problems in the prior art. Problems such as difficulty in entering the soil, excessive stress on the machine and tools, and stress concentration have effectively avoided the forced entry into the soil.

In order to achieve the above object, a pneumatic soil subsoiling head includes a shell, and several windows are opened on the axial surface of the shell, and several prismatic protrusions are arranged in each window, and the adjacent prismatic protrusions are provided with There is an injection hole, and the housing is provided with a baffle that can connect or disconnect the injection hole and the inner space of the housing. The top of the housing is provided with an upper end cover, and the bottom of the housing is provided with a lower end cover. The upper end cover is inserted into the guide that communicates with the inner space of the housing. The air pipe is provided with a piston in the lower end cover, and the piston is connected with the bottom surface of the lower end cover through a spring.

The upper end cover includes a second upper end cover connected to the housing, the second upper end cover is provided with a first upper end cover, the first upper end cover is provided with a ring groove, the air guide tube is inserted into the housing through the ring groove, and the air guide tube and the ring groove The spaces are filled with graphite packing, and the first upper end cap is provided with a gland for fixing the air duct and compacting the graphite packing.

A handle groove is provided on the upper end cover, and a handle capable of sliding in the handle groove is arranged in the handle groove, and the handle is connected with the baffle plate.

The handle is connected with a swing rod, and the swing rod is connected with a pneumatic cylinder, and the pneumatic cylinder is used to drive the swing rod to drive the handle to move.

The first upper end cover and the second upper end cover are fixed by bolts.

A chute is provided on the upper end cover, the top of the baffle is placed in the chute, and the baffle is closely attached to the inner wall of the housing.

The inside of the airway is a Venturi structure.

A working method of a pneumatic soil subsoiling head. When it is in the working condition of entering the soil, the baffle is used to cover the injection hole. When the high-pressure gas is connected, the gas flows into the shell and the inside of the baffle through the air guide tube. Closed, the gas can not be ejected, it can only act on the upper surface of the piston, and the piston moves down along the inner wall of the shell, and the cone steel head is inserted into the soil through the rod. After the high-pressure gas is disconnected, the piston acts on the spring. Under the intermittent action of pulsed high-pressure gas, the piston and the cone steel head reciprocate continuously up and down to excavate the soil;

When it is in the blasting condition, the baffle deviates, so that the casing communicates with the injection hole. When the high-pressure gas is connected, the pulse high-pressure gas is also ejected from the injection hole, bursting the surrounding soil, and achieving the purpose of deep loosening of the soil.

The handle is connected to the swing rod, and the swing rod is connected to the pneumatic cylinder;

When switching between the soil-entry working condition and the blasting working condition, the pneumatic cylinder stretches out, and the swing rod drives the handle to rotate, so that the baffle plate 5 is in the corresponding position.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention is provided with a baffle inside the casing, and when the baffle is at different angles, the injection holes can be opened or closed. When the injection hole is closed, the high-pressure air pressure acts on the surface of the lower piston, and the equipment enters the soil; when the injection hole is opened, the compressed gas is sprayed out from the injection hole to realize air explosion loosening. The soil digging mechanism composed of piston and spring in this device , when the pulse air pressure acts on the piston, the soil digging mechanism moves up and down to excavate the soil, and cooperates with the downward pressure of the external force on the shell, so that the subsoil head can be easily inserted into the soil. The device can be used not only for loosening the soil but also for digging into the soil, which solves the problems in the prior art, such as difficulty in digging into the soil, excessive stress on the tool, stress concentration, etc., makes the resistance distribution even and easier for digging into the soil.

Further, the baffle of the present invention is controlled by the handle, and in actual work, the opening angle of the handle can be adjusted according to different soil environments, so that the gas window of the corresponding opening size can be selected for soil deep loosening work, and "construction according to the site" can be achieved. Effect.

The method of the present invention uses a piston and a spring to form a digging mechanism when it is in the working condition of digging into the soil, which reduces the difficulty of digging into the soil and alleviates the stress concentration of the digging machine; The gas damper opens or closes the pulsed high-pressure gas. When the baffle blocks the pulse gas, the subsoiler head is used for digging into the soil, and when the baffle plate releases the pulse gas, the subsoiler head is used for subsoiling the soil. The soil-entrying working condition and spraying and blasting working condition can be switched arbitrarily, and different flow rates of gas can be selected for different soil environments. The pulse high-pressure gas is used as power to assist the machine to enter the soil, which reduces the difficulty of entering the soil, improves the efficiency of the soil entry, increases the operating depth, and expands the operating range.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a top view of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the control system figure of handle switch of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention when it is in the soil entry condition;

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention when it is in the spraying mode;

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the space of the gas baffle.

In the figure, 1. gland, 2. graphite packing, 3. air duct, 4. window, 5. baffle, 6. post, 7. cone steel head, 8. handle, 9. first upper end cap , 10. Second upper end cover, 11. Shell, 12. Spray hole, 13. Prismatic protrusion, 14. Piston, 15. Spring, 16. Lower end cover, 17. Bolt, 18. Handle groove, 19. Pendulum Rod, 20. Pneumatic cylinder.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 6, the present invention includes an air guide tube 3 for conveying high-pressure air flow, the inside of the air guide tube 3 is a Venturi structure, and the air guide tube 3 is fixed on the first upper end cover 9 and the second upper end cover 10 through the gland 1 in the middle of . A ring groove is provided between the air pipe 3 and the first upper end cover 9, and the graphite packing 2 is filled in the ring groove. The gland 1 compacts the graphite packing 2 and slides with the air pipe 3. There is a chute on the lower side of the upper end cover to place the baffle plate 5, the first upper end cover 9 and the second upper end cover 10 are fastened and connected by bolts 17, and the bolts 17 are evenly distributed on the upper end cover, and the first upper end cover 9 and the second upper end cover Have the handle groove 18 of fixed angle on the 10. The second upper end cover 10 is concentrically welded and fixed with the housing 11. The outer wall of the housing 11 is provided with a prismatic protrusion 13, which is the same as the outer line of the housing. A plurality of injection holes 12 are evenly distributed on the outer wall of the casing 11, and high-pressure gas is ejected from the injection holes 12 during operation. The inside of the housing 11 is hollow, and the baffle 5 is inserted. The lower end of the housing 11 is equipped with a piston 14 and a spring 15. The piston 14 and the spring 15 are fixed inside the housing 11 through the lower end cover 16. The lower end of the piston 14 is connected to a Cone steel head 7, when high-pressure gas acts on the upper surface of piston 14, piston 14 drives cone steel head 7 to reciprocate up and down through mast 6 by means of gas pressure and elastic force of spring 15.

Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 5, the baffle plate 5 of the present invention is closely attached to the inner wall of the housing 11, the upper part of the baffle plate 5 is welded with a handle 8, and the upper end of the baffle plate 5 is fixed in the chute of the first upper end cover 9, and the baffle plate The lower end of 5 is fixed in the chute on the inner wall of the housing 11, and the baffle plate 5 is controlled by the handle 8 to rotate in the chute. Four windows 4 are evenly opened on the surface of the baffle plate 5. When the windows 4 communicate with the injection holes 12, the pulsed high-pressure gas is ejected;

Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, when the present invention is in the working condition of digging into the soil, the pneumatic cylinder 20 stretches out, and the swing rod 19 drives the handle 8 to rotate, so that the baffle plate 5 is in the position shown in Fig. 4 , and the window 4 and the injection hole 12 dislocation. When the high-pressure gas is connected, the gas flows into the housing 11 and the baffle 5 through the gas guide pipe 3. Since the injection hole 12 is closed by the baffle 5, the gas cannot be ejected and can only flow downward to act on the upper surface of the piston 14. The piston 14 moves downward along the inner wall of the housing 11, and the rod 6 drives the cone steel head 7 to insert into the soil. After the high pressure gas is disconnected, the piston 14 returns to its original position under the action of the spring 15. Under the intermittent action of the pulsed high-pressure gas, the piston 14 and the cone steel head 7 continuously reciprocate up and down to excavate the soil. With a small external force, the air blast head can be easily inserted deep into the ground. This method has utilized the piston 14 and the spring 15 to form the digging mechanism, which reduces the difficulty of digging into the soil and alleviates the phenomenon of stress concentration of the digging machine.

Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, when the present invention is in the explosion working condition, the subsoiling head has been inserted into the required depth in the ground, the pneumatic cylinder 20 is retracted, and the swing rod 19 drives the handle 8 to rotate, so that the baffle plate 5 is in the position of Position shown in Fig. 5, now the window 4 communicates with the injection hole 12, and the pulse high-pressure gas is also ejected from the injection hole 12, and the surrounding soil is burst to achieve the purpose of loosening the soil. The invention opens or closes the pulse high-pressure gas through the gas baffle plate inserted into the casing. When the baffle blocks the pulse gas, the subsoiler head is used for digging into the soil, and when the baffle plate releases the pulse gas, the subsoiler head is used for subsoiling the soil. The soil entry condition and subsoiling condition can be switched arbitrarily, and different flow rates of gas can be selected for different soil environments. The pulse high-pressure gas is used as power to assist the machine to enter the soil, which reduces the difficulty of entering the soil, improves the efficiency of the soil entry, increases the operating depth, and expands the operating range.

Claims (7)

1. The pneumatic soil subsoiling head is characterized by comprising a shell (11), wherein a plurality of windows (4) are formed in the shaft surface of the shell (11), a plurality of prismatic protrusions (13) are arranged in each window (4), injection holes (12) are formed between every two adjacent prismatic protrusions (13), a baffle (5) capable of enabling the injection holes (12) to be communicated with or disconnected from the inner space of the shell (11) is arranged on the shell (11), an upper end cover is arranged at the top of the shell (11), a lower end cover (16) is arranged at the bottom of the shell (11), the upper end cover is inserted into an air duct (3) communicated with the inner space of the shell (11), a piston (14) is arranged in the lower end cover (16), the piston (14) is connected with the bottom surface of the lower end cover (16) through a spring (15), a post rod (6) is arranged on the piston (14), and the piston (14) is connected with a cone steel head (7) outside the lower end cover (16) through the post rod (6);

the upper end cover comprises a second upper end cover (10) connected with the shell (11), a first upper end cover (9) is arranged on the second upper end cover (10), a ring groove is arranged on the first upper end cover (9), an air duct (3) is inserted into the shell (11) through the ring groove, a graphite packing (2) is filled between the air duct (3) and the ring groove, and a gland (1) for fixing the air duct (3) and compacting the graphite packing (2) is arranged on the first upper end cover (9);

a chute is arranged on the upper end cover, the top of the baffle (5) is arranged in the chute, and the baffle (5) is tightly attached to the inner wall of the shell (11).

2. The pneumatic soil subsoiling head according to claim 1, characterized in that a handle groove (18) is formed in the upper end cover, a handle (8) capable of sliding in the handle groove (18) is arranged in the handle groove (18), and the handle (8) is connected with the baffle plate (5).

3. A pneumatic soil subsoiling head as claimed in claim 2, wherein the handle (8) is connected with a swing rod (19), the swing rod (19) is connected with a pneumatic cylinder (20), and the pneumatic cylinder (20) is used for driving the swing rod (19) to drive the handle (8) to move.

4. Pneumatic soil subsoiling head according to claim 1, characterized in that the first upper end cap (9) and the second upper end cap (10) are fixed by bolts (17).

5. A pneumatic soil subsoiling head as in claim 1, wherein the inside of the air duct (3) is a venturi structure.

6. The working method of the pneumatic soil subsoiling head according to claim 3, characterized in that when the pneumatic soil subsoiling head is in a soil-entering working condition, the baffle plate (5) covers the injection hole (12), when high-pressure gas is connected, the gas flows into the shell (11) and the inside of the baffle plate (5) through the gas guide pipe (3), the injection hole (12) is closed by the baffle plate (5), the gas can not be injected and can only flow downwards to act on the upper surface of the piston (14), the piston (14) moves downwards along the inner wall of the shell (11), the conical steel head (7) is driven by the pole (6) to be inserted into soil, after the high-pressure gas is disconnected, the piston (14) is restored to the original position under the action of the spring (15), and the piston (14) and the conical steel head (7) continuously reciprocate up and down under the intermittent action of the pulse high-pressure gas to drill the soil;

when the explosion working condition is adopted, the baffle plate (5) deviates, the shell (11) is communicated with the injection hole (12), and when the high-pressure gas is communicated, the pulse high-pressure gas is also sprayed out from the injection hole (12) to burst surrounding soil, so that the purpose of deep loosening of the soil is achieved.

7. The working method of the pneumatic soil subsoiling head according to claim 6, characterized in that the handle (8) is connected with the swing rod (19), and the swing rod (19) is connected with the pneumatic cylinder (20);

when the working condition of the soil entering and the working condition of the spraying explosion are switched, the pneumatic cylinder (20) stretches out, and the swing rod (19) drives the handle (8) to rotate, so that the baffle (5) is positioned at a corresponding position.