CN108660357B - Alloy material for manufacturing hot extrusion die and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Alloy material for manufacturing hot extrusion die and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
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- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses an alloy material for manufacturing a hot extrusion die and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of die material production, wherein the method comprises the following steps: (1) smelting: placing the prepared alloy element raw materials into an induction furnace, smelting at the high temperature of 1500-1700 ℃, and then pouring into a first-grade steel ingot; (2) electroslag remelting: putting the steel ingot serving as a consumable electrode in an electroslag remelting device, and carrying out secondary refining to form a secondary steel ingot; (3) forging: heating and forging the secondary steel ingot to obtain a steel forging; (4) and (3) heat treatment: and (3) putting the steel forging into an annealing furnace, annealing for 6-8 hours at the temperature of 820-850 ℃, and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the alloy material. The invention can not only improve the structure of the alloy material, but also reduce the content of non-metallic inclusions in the alloy material and prolong the fatigue life of the alloy material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of die material preparation, in particular to an alloy material for manufacturing a hot extrusion die and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The hot work die steel is often required to have good forging, machining and heat treatment process properties, but the cold and hot fatigue properties are poor, the toughness is low, so that the die is often cracked in the extrusion process to cause early failure, and particularly the hot fatigue life of the die is very low when the die is cooled by water. The prior art generally adopts various techniques or processes to improve the purity of metal and improve the crystallization thereof to improve the mechanical properties thereof, and electroslag remelting is one of the techniques. In the traditional electroslag remelting, an electrode is generally kept in contact with a slag bath in the slag bath by slowly descending at a constant speed through a lifting mechanism. By adopting the mode, the lifting mechanism can always keep a motion state, the electric energy is wasted when the lifting mechanism works for a long time, the lifting mechanism is easy to break down, and the working efficiency is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the alloy material for manufacturing the hot extrusion die and the preparation method thereof, which not only can improve the structure of the alloy material, but also can reduce the content of non-metallic inclusions in the alloy material and prolong the fatigue life of the alloy material.
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of an alloy material for manufacturing a hot extrusion die, which comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: placing the prepared alloy element raw materials into an induction furnace, smelting at the high temperature of 1500-1700 ℃, and then pouring into a first-grade steel ingot;
(2) electroslag remelting: putting the primary steel ingot serving as a consumable electrode in an electroslag remelting device, and carrying out secondary refining to form a secondary steel ingot;
(3) forging: heating and forging the secondary steel ingot to obtain a steel forging;
(4) and (3) heat treatment: and (3) putting the steel forging into an annealing furnace, annealing for 6-8 hours at the temperature of 820-850 ℃, and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the alloy material.
Further, in the step (2), the electroslag remelting device comprises a crystallizer, a slag bath arranged in the crystallizer, a molten metal bath arranged right below the slag bath, and a detection device arranged between the slag bath and the molten metal bath; one end of the consumable electrode is connected with the lifting mechanism, and the other end of the consumable electrode is inserted into the slag pool; the lifting mechanism and the detection device are both connected with a control system.
Further, the detection device detects the number of drops of the consumable electrode which drop into the molten metal bath after the consumable electrode is melted, and sends a descending signal to the control system when the number of drops reaches a preset target number of drops.
Further, the detection device is an infrared counter and detects whether liquid drops drop in the metal molten pool or not by continuously emitting infrared rays; if yes, triggering the infrared counter to count and add 1.
Further, the control system inputs a preset count value through an input module, and when the current count value of the infrared counter is equal to the preset count value, the detection device sends the falling signal to the control system.
Further, the control system controls the lifting mechanism to bring the consumable electrode to move down a predetermined distance upon receiving the lowering signal.
The invention also provides an alloy material prepared by the preparation method, and the alloy element raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 0.3 to 0.5 percent of C, 1.5 to 2.0 percent of Si, 0.55 to 0.68 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S, 5.5 to 0.68 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Ni, 0.85 to 1.0 percent of V, 0.7 to 1.0 percent of Mo, less than 0.02 percent of P, and the balance of Fe.
Further, the alloy element raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 0.4 percent of C, 1.6 percent of Si, 0.65 percent of Mn, 0.01 percent of S, 5.8 percent of Cr, 0.2 percent of Ni, 0.9 percent of V, 0.9 percent of Mo, 0.01 percent of P and the balance of Fe.
Compared with the prior art, the invention also has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, an infrared counter is used for calculating the number of drops falling on a metal molten pool after a consumable electrode is melted, and the number of drops is triggered and counted and is increased by 1, and when the current counting value is equal to a preset counting value, the infrared counter sends a descending signal to a control system; the control system controls the consumable electrode to automatically descend for a preset distance, ensures that the consumable electrode is fully contacted with the slag bath all the time, and can also avoid energy waste caused by the fact that the lifting mechanism clamping the consumable electrode continuously descends when the consumable electrode is fully contacted with the slag bath.
2. The alloy material prepared by the method has the excellent performances of high purity, fine and uniform structure, extremely low sulfur content, fine and dispersed inclusions and the like.
3. The alloy material of the invention improves the high-temperature strength and hardness of the alloy material by adding N, Y, B three alloy elements, and can effectively improve the fatigue life.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an electroslag remelting apparatus according to the present invention.
1-a consumable electrode; 2-a crystallizer; 3, a slag pool; 4-molten metal bath; 5-an emitter head; 6-a receiving head; 7, a lifting mechanism; 71-a clamping arm; 72-lifting arm.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments. Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustration only and are shown by way of illustration only and not in actual form, and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but it is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent, and the specific meaning of the terms described above will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
A method of preparing an alloy material for use in the manufacture of a hot extrusion die, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) smelting: the method comprises the following steps of putting alloy element raw materials which are prepared according to the mass percentage into an induction furnace, smelting at the high temperature of 1500-1700 ℃, and then pouring into a first-grade steel ingot.
(2) Electroslag remelting: and (3) putting the primary steel ingot serving as the consumable electrode 1 in an electroslag remelting device, and carrying out secondary refining to form a secondary steel ingot.
(3) Forging: and heating and forging the secondary steel ingot to obtain the steel forging. Specifically, firstly, heating the secondary steel ingot to 1300-1350 ℃, preferably 1345 ℃, and then carrying out rough forging, wherein the finish forging temperature is 950-980 ℃, preferably 970 ℃; and then heating the secondary steel ingot subjected to rough forging again to 1100-1150 ℃, preferably 1140 ℃, and forging again within the range of 940-1080 ℃ to finally obtain the steel forging.
(4) And (3) heat treatment: putting the steel forging into an annealing furnace, and annealing at 820-850 ℃ for 6-8 hours to eliminate stress generated in the forging process; and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the alloy material.
Further, in the step (2), as shown in fig. 1, the electroslag remelting device includes a mold 2, a slag bath 3 disposed inside the mold 2, a molten metal bath 4 disposed right below the slag bath 3, and a detection device disposed between the slag bath 3 and the molten metal bath 4; a certain interval is arranged between the slag pool 3 and the metal melting pool 4. The electroslag remelting device further comprises a lifting mechanism 7, and the lifting mechanism 7 and the detection device are connected with and controlled by a control system. One end of the consumable electrode 1 is connected with the lifting mechanism 7, and the other end of the consumable electrode is inserted into the slag pool 3; the part of the consumable electrode 1 inserted into the slag bath 3 is melted under the high-temperature heating action of the slag bath 3, and after the melting, liquid drops are formed and drop and are converged in the metal molten pool 4. The liquid drops in the molten metal pool 4 are gradually solidified into the long rod-shaped secondary steel ingot under the cooling action of the crystallizer 2. The detection device detects the number of drops of the consumable electrode 1 which are dropped on the molten metal bath 4 after being melted, and sends a drop signal to the control system (not shown in the figure) when the number of drops reaches a preset target number of drops. The preset target drop number is input in advance through an input module electrically connected with the control system. And when receiving the descending signal, the control system controls the lifting mechanism 7 to move downwards to drive the consumable electrode 1 to move downwards for a preset distance. The predetermined distance is related to the depth of the slag pool 3, and the predetermined distance is 2/3-3/4, preferably 2/3 of the depth of the slag pool 3, so that the consumable electrode 1 is ensured to be in full contact with molten slag arranged in the slag pool 3.
The detection device is arranged between the slag pool 3 and the molten metal pool 4, and is preferably an infrared counter. The infrared counter is provided with a plurality of transmitting heads 5 and a plurality of receiving heads 6. The plurality of the transmitting heads 5 and the plurality of the receiving heads 6 are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the crystallizer 2 between the slag bath 3 and the molten metal bath 4, and the transmitting heads 5 and the receiving heads 6 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner. The emitting head 5 can continuously emit infrared rays to the receiving head 6, when liquid drops are dropped, the infrared rays are shielded by the liquid drops, and the receiving head 6 cannot receive the infrared rays emitted from the emitting head 5, so that whether the liquid drops are dropped in the metal molten pool 4 or not is detected. And if so, triggering the infrared counter to count and add 1. The receiving heads 6 are arranged in parallel, and when one or more receiving heads 6 cannot receive the signals sent by the corresponding transmitting heads 5 at the same time, the infrared counter counts and adds 1. And when the current count value of the infrared counter is equal to the preset count value, namely the current count value is equal to the preset target drop number, the infrared counter sends a descending signal to the control system. Specifically, a correlation circuit is arranged in the infrared counter, when liquid drops of molten metal pass through between an emitting head 5 and a receiving head 6 in the infrared counter, and infrared rays emitted by the emitting head 5 are blocked, the correlation circuit outputs a pulse signal to trigger a primary counting circuit, and the counting of the infrared counter is increased by 1. For example, the infrared counter initially counts N, and when the infrared ray is blocked once, the infrared counter counts up by 1, that is, the current count value N is N + 1. And when the current count value N is equal to a preset count value or a preset target drop number N', the infrared counter automatically sends a descending signal to the control system. When the control system receives the descending signal, the control system drives the consumable electrode 1 to move downwards for a preset distance by controlling the lifting mechanism 7 for clamping the consumable electrode 1 to automatically descend for a preset distance, so that the consumable electrode 1 is ensured to be fully contacted with the slag bath 3 all the time. The lifting mechanism 7 comprises a lifting arm 72 and a clamping arm 71 arranged on the lifting arm 72, and the clamping arm 71 is used for clamping the consumable electrode 1 and moving downwards along with the consumable electrode 1. The lifting arm 72 and the gripping arm 71 are both controlled by the control system.
The control system is also connected with an alarm device, when the infrared counter cannot detect liquid drops within a preset time period, an alarm signal is sent to the control system, and when the control system receives the alarm signal, the alarm device is controlled to automatically give an alarm to remind a worker to check the equipment or replace the consumable electrode 1.
The invention also provides an alloy material prepared by the preparation method, and the alloy element raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 0.3 to 0.5 percent of C, 1.5 to 2.0 percent of Si, 0.55 to 0.68 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S, 5.5 to 0.68 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Ni, 0.85 to 1.0 percent of V, 0.7 to 1.0 percent of Mo, less than 0.02 percent of P, and the balance of Fe.
Further, the alloy element raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 0.4 percent of C, 1.6 percent of Si, 0.65 percent of Mn, 0.01 percent of S, 5.8 percent of Cr, 0.2 percent of Ni, 0.9 percent of V, 0.9 percent of Mo, 0.01 percent of P and the balance of Fe.
According to the invention, an infrared counter is used for calculating the number of drops falling on a metal molten pool after a consumable electrode is melted, and the number of drops is triggered and counted and is increased by 1, and when the current counting value is equal to a preset counting value, the infrared counter sends a descending signal to a control system; the control system controls the consumable electrode to automatically descend for a preset distance, ensures that the consumable electrode is fully contacted with the slag bath all the time, and can also avoid energy waste caused by the fact that the lifting mechanism clamping the consumable electrode continuously descends when the consumable electrode is fully contacted with the slag bath. Moreover, the alloy material prepared by the method has the excellent performances of high purity, fine and uniform structure, extremely low sulfur content, fine and dispersed inclusions and the like. In addition, the alloy material of the invention improves the high-temperature strength and hardness of the alloy material by adding N, Y, B three alloy elements, and can effectively improve the fatigue life.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A preparation method of an alloy material for manufacturing a hot extrusion die is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: placing the prepared alloy element raw materials into an induction furnace, smelting at the high temperature of 1500-1700 ℃, and then pouring into a first-grade steel ingot;
(2) electroslag remelting: putting the primary steel ingot serving as a consumable electrode in an electroslag remelting device, and carrying out secondary refining to form a secondary steel ingot; the electroslag remelting device comprises a lifting mechanism, a crystallizer, a slag bath arranged in the crystallizer, a metal molten pool arranged right below the slag bath, and a detection device arranged between the slag bath and the metal molten pool; one end of the consumable electrode is connected with the lifting mechanism, the other end of the consumable electrode is inserted into the slag pool, the part of the consumable electrode inserted into the slag pool is melted under the high-temperature heating action of the slag pool, liquid drops are formed after the melting and drop and are gathered in the metal molten pool, and the liquid drops in the metal molten pool are gradually solidified into the rod-shaped secondary steel ingot under the cooling action of the crystallizer; the lifting mechanism and the detection device are both connected with a control system; the detection device detects the number of drops of the consumable electrode which drop into the metal molten pool after the consumable electrode is melted, and sends a descending signal to the control system when the number of drops reaches a preset target number of drops; the preset target drop number is input in advance through an input module electrically connected with the control system; when the control system receives the descending signal, the control system controls the lifting mechanism to move downwards to drive the consumable electrode to move downwards for a preset distance; the predetermined distance is related to the depth of the slag bath, and the predetermined distance is 2/3-3/4 of the depth of the slag bath, so that the consumable electrode is in full contact with molten slag arranged in the slag bath; the detection device is an infrared counter which is provided with a plurality of transmitting heads and a plurality of receiving heads; the plurality of transmitting heads and the plurality of receiving heads are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the crystallizer between the slag bath and the metal molten bath, and the transmitting heads and the receiving heads are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the transmitting head can continuously transmit infrared rays to the receiving head, and whether liquid drops drop in the metal molten pool or not is detected by continuously transmitting the infrared rays; if yes, triggering an infrared counter to count and add 1; the control system inputs a preset counting value through an input module, and when the current counting value of the infrared counter is equal to the preset counting value, the detection device sends the descending signal to the control system; the control system controls the lifting mechanism to move the consumable electrode downwards for a preset distance when receiving the descending signal; the control system is also connected with an alarm device, when the infrared counter cannot detect liquid drops within a preset time period, an alarm signal is sent to the control system, and when the control system receives the alarm signal, the alarm device is controlled to automatically send out an alarm to remind a worker to check the equipment;
(3) forging: heating and forging the secondary steel ingot to obtain a steel forging; heating the secondary steel ingot at 1300-1350 ℃, then carrying out rough forging at a finish forging temperature of 950-980 ℃, then heating the rough forged secondary steel ingot to 1100-1150 ℃, and forging again at 940-1080 ℃ to finally obtain the steel forging;
(4) and (3) heat treatment: putting the steel forging into an annealing furnace, annealing for 6-8 hours at the temperature of 820-850 ℃, and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the alloy material; the alloy element raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 0.3 to 0.5 percent of C, 1.5 to 2.0 percent of Si, 0.55 to 0.68 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S, 0.68 to 5.5 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Ni, 0.85 to 1.0 percent of V, 0.7 to 1.0 percent of Mo, less than 0.02 percent of P, and the balance of Fe.
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| CN201810477264.4A CN108660357B (en) | 2018-05-18 | 2018-05-18 | Alloy material for manufacturing hot extrusion die and preparation method thereof |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101280394A (en) * | 2008-05-20 | 2008-10-08 | 上海大学 | High-silicon low-carbon high-heat resistance hot work die steel |
| CN104264060A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-01-07 | 山西百一机械设备制造有限公司 | High-impact toughness and high-thermal stability hot extrusion die steel and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101280394A (en) * | 2008-05-20 | 2008-10-08 | 上海大学 | High-silicon low-carbon high-heat resistance hot work die steel |
| CN104264060A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-01-07 | 山西百一机械设备制造有限公司 | High-impact toughness and high-thermal stability hot extrusion die steel and preparation method thereof |
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