CN108660307B - Surface strengthening method for vibration-assisted laser shock treatment of metal component - Google Patents
Surface strengthening method for vibration-assisted laser shock treatment of metal component Download PDFInfo
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- CN108660307B CN108660307B CN201810335784.1A CN201810335784A CN108660307B CN 108660307 B CN108660307 B CN 108660307B CN 201810335784 A CN201810335784 A CN 201810335784A CN 108660307 B CN108660307 B CN 108660307B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
- C21D10/005—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation by laser shock processing
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of new processes of laser processing and vibratory aging, in particular to a surface strengthening method for treating a metal component by vibration-assisted laser shock. The laser shock strengthening technology is combined with the vibration aging treatment, a vibration exciter is used for exciting, a sensor picks up vibration, the vibration frequency is controlled to keep the amplitude value within a specified range, laser lapping shock strengthening treatment is carried out under the assistance of the vibration aging treatment to enable the surface of the metal to generate more serious plastic deformation, high-amplitude residual compressive stress is induced in a shock area, meanwhile, under the state that laser beams irradiate the metal surface, surface layer crystal grains are further refined and even nanocrystallized through vibration, under the action of a temperature field, the thermal stress field gradient is reduced through vibration, so that the residual stress inside the material is homogenized, the mechanical property of the metal component is obviously improved, and the metal surface is strengthened, the fatigue life of the metal component is effectively prolonged, and the initiation and the expansion of fatigue cracks are prevented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of new processes of laser processing and vibratory ageing, in particular to a method for carrying out laser shock strengthening on a region to be strengthened on the surface of a metal under an auxiliary field of vibratory ageing to obtain an anti-fatigue surface strengthening layer. The method is suitable for strengthening treatment of the metal surface.
Background
Most industrial parts are made of metal materials, and metal alloy parts are easy to crack under the action of abrasion, impact, fatigue and the like during working, so that the materials are scrapped. With the rapid development of the industry in China, higher requirements are put forward for the workpiece industry, and the problem of how to improve the processing quality and the service life of the workpiece is constantly explored by people. At present, the surface strengthening technology is gradually becoming an important way for improving the quality and service life of workpieces, and two methods of shot blasting and rolling are commonly used. Although the shot blasting can induce larger residual compressive stress on the surface layer of the material, the shot blasting has larger influence on the surface roughness of the material, and the residual compressive stress layer generated by rolling is shallower, so that a good strengthening effect cannot be achieved.
The laser shock peening (also called laser shot peening) is a novel material surface strengthening technology, the material is processed by utilizing the mechanical effect of shock waves induced by strong laser, and the material has the characteristics of high pressure, high energy, ultrafast, ultrahigh strain rate and the like.
The essence of the vibration aging is that a dynamic stress is applied to the workpiece in a vibration mode, when the dynamic stress is superposed with the residual stress of the workpiece and reaches or exceeds the microscopic yield limit of the material, the workpiece can generate microscopic or macroscopic local and overall elastic plastic deformation, and simultaneously, the residual stress in the workpiece is reduced and homogenized, and finally, the purposes of preventing the workpiece from deforming and cracking and stabilizing the size and geometric accuracy of the workpiece are achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a surface strengthening method for vibration-assisted laser shock treatment of a metal member, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the laser shock strengthening technology is combined with the vibration aging treatment, a vibration exciter is adopted for exciting, a sensor is adopted for picking up vibration, the vibration frequency is controlled, the amplitude value is kept in a specified range, the crystal grains of the metal component are refined, the material generates micro plastic deformation, the internal stress in the material is relaxed and relieved, the large-area laser lapping shock strengthening treatment is carried out on the surface of the metal component under the assistance of the vibration aging treatment, the surface of the metal component generates more serious plastic deformation, high-amplitude residual compressive stress is induced in a shock area, simultaneously, the surface crystal grains are further refined and even nanocrystallized by vibration under the state that the laser beam irradiates the metal surface, the vibration reduces the gradient of a thermal stress field under the action of a temperature field, so the residual stress in the material is homogenized, the mechanical property of the metal component is obviously improved, the metal surface is strengthened, and the fatigue life of the metal component is effectively prolonged, preventing the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) grinding the sample to be treated step by using metallographic abrasive paper, and then putting the sample in an alcohol solution to remove dust and oil stains on the surface by using an ultrasonic cleaner;
(2) fixing a vibration exciter on a sample to be processed, wherein the vibration exciter is connected to a controller through a motor cable;
(3) the sensor is placed on the surface of a metal matrix sample and is fixed on the sample through a magnet at the bottom of the sensor, and the sensor is connected to a controller through a shielded cable;
(4) installing a metal matrix sample on a loading platform of a combined process device, supporting the sample by using a rubber pad, and then enabling the center of a laser beam spot to coincide with the upper left corner of the surface to be impacted of the matrix to serve as an initial position for impact strengthening treatment;
(5) the method comprises the following steps of (1) taking a special aluminum foil with the thickness of 0.10-0.12mm as an absorption layer, pasting the absorption layer on a to-be-impacted area on the surface of a sample, and spraying water to the surface of a metal matrix through a water spraying device to form a liquid restraint layer with the thickness of 1-2 mm;
(6) processing and displaying the signal transmitted by the sensor through the controller, monitoring the amplitude value of the sample, and controlling the amplitude value to be between 10 and 50 mu m by adjusting the vibration frequency and keeping the amplitude value unchanged;
(7) setting output power and facula parameters of a laser through a laser control device, opening the laser, controlling a sample loading platform to move through a manipulator control system by adopting a line-by-line processing method, and carrying out large-area laser lap joint impact strengthening treatment on a to-be-impacted area of a metal sample;
in the step (1), the metal surface is ground, and the dust and oil stain on the surface are cleaned to ensure the smoothness of the surface of the matrix sample and improve the laser lapping impact strengthening efficiency.
In the step (2), the vibration exciter is composed of an eccentric rotating mechanism with an adjustable eccentricity driven by a direct current motor, is an excitation source of a vibration aging process, and is used for causing the workpiece to vibrate and applying dynamic stress to the workpiece.
And (4) supporting the sample by using a rubber pad to mainly play a role in vibration isolation, so that the energy loss of a vibration system is reduced.
In the step (6), the control range of the vibration frequency is 20Hz to 120Hz
In the step (7), the laser adopts a single pulse Nd: YAG laser, the working parameters are: the wavelength is 1064nm, the pulse width is 5-10ns, the single pulse energy is 1.5-10J, the spot radius is 1-3mm, and the spot overlapping rate is 50%.
The invention has the technical effects that: the invention carries out large-area laser lapping shock strengthening treatment on the surface of the metal component under the assistance of vibration aging treatment, under the state that laser beams irradiate the metal surface, the vibration leads surface layer crystal grains to be refined or even nanocrystallized, and simultaneously under the action of a temperature field, the vibration leads the gradient of a thermal stress field to be reduced, thus leading the residual stress inside the material to be homogenized, leading the laser shock to generate serious plastic deformation on the metal surface, leading high-amplitude residual compressive stress to be induced in a shock region, obviously improving the mechanical property of the metal component, leading the metal surface to be strengthened, thereby effectively prolonging the fatigue life of the metal component and preventing the initiation and the expansion of fatigue cracks.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a vibration aging treatment apparatus according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the vibration exciter comprises a sample, 2 parts of a rubber pad, 3 parts of a vibration exciter, 4 parts of a motor cable, 5 parts of a sensor, 6 parts of a shielding cable and 7 parts of a controller.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The sample base material used in this example was 304 stainless steel, and the geometric dimensions thereof were 60mm × 30mm × 10 mm.
An example of processing a sample using the above strengthening method comprises the steps of:
(1) grinding the sample to be treated step by using metallographic abrasive paper, and then putting the sample in an alcohol solution to remove dust and oil stains on the surface by using an ultrasonic cleaner;
(2) fixing a vibration exciter 3 on a 304 stainless steel sample 1 to be processed, wherein the vibration exciter 3 is connected to a controller 7 through a motor cable 4;
(3) the sensor 5 is placed on the surface of a 304 stainless steel sample and is fixed on the sample through a magnet at the bottom of the sensor, and the sensor 5 is connected to a controller 7 through a shielded cable 6;
(4) installing a 304 stainless steel substrate sample 1 on a loading platform of a combined process device, supporting the sample by using a rubber pad 2, and then enabling the center of a laser beam spot to coincide with the upper left corner of the surface to be impacted of the substrate sample 1 to serve as an initial position of impact strengthening treatment;
(5) a special aluminum foil with the thickness of 0.10mm is used as an absorption layer and is attached to a region to be impacted on the surface of a sample, and then water is sprayed to the surface of a 304 stainless steel substrate through a water spraying device to form a liquid restraint layer with the thickness of 1 mm;
(6) the controller 7 processes and displays the signal transmitted by the sensor 5, monitors the amplitude value of the sample, adjusts the vibration frequency to 60Hz, controls the amplitude of the sample to be 25 μm and keeps the amplitude unchanged;
(7) the output power and the facula parameters of the laser are set through a laser control device: the method comprises the following steps of (1) starting a laser with the wavelength of 1064nm, the pulse width of 10ns, the single pulse energy of 5J, the spot radius of 2mm and the spot overlapping rate of 50%, controlling a sample loading platform to move by a manipulator control system by adopting a line-by-line processing method, and carrying out large-area laser overlapping impact strengthening treatment on a to-be-impacted area of a 304 stainless steel substrate sample 1;
in this example, the surface mechanical properties of a 304 stainless steel sample were measured and compared with those before treatment. The result shows that good residual compressive stress distribution is formed on the surface layer of the sample, the maximum residual compressive stress reaches-758 MPa, the depth of the residual compressive stress layer is about 0.6mm, the surface hardness is improved by 43 percent, and the service life of the workpiece treated by the process is prolonged by more than 35 percent compared with that of the workpiece treated by the process before strengthening.
Claims (7)
1. A surface strengthening method for vibration-assisted laser shock treatment of a metal component is characterized by comprising the following steps: the vibration exciter is adopted for exciting, the vibration sensor is used for picking up vibration, the vibration amplitude value is kept in a specified range by controlling the vibration frequency, the crystal grains of the metal component are refined, the material generates micro plastic deformation, the internal stress in the material is relaxed and relieved, the surface of the metal component is subjected to large-area laser lapping impact strengthening treatment under the assistance of vibration aging treatment, the surface of the metal component generates more serious plastic deformation, the crystal grains on the surface layer are further refined and even nanocrystallized, high-amplitude residual compressive stress is induced in an impact area, the mechanical property of the metal component is obviously improved, the metal surface is strengthened, the fatigue life of the metal component is effectively prolonged, and the initiation and the expansion of fatigue cracks are prevented, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) grinding the sample to be treated step by using metallographic abrasive paper, and then putting the sample in an alcohol solution to remove dust and oil stains on the surface by using an ultrasonic cleaner;
(2) fixing a vibration exciter on a sample to be processed, wherein the vibration exciter is connected to a controller through a motor cable;
(3) the sensor is placed on the surface of a metal matrix sample and is fixed on the sample through a magnet at the bottom of the sensor, and the sensor is connected to a controller through a shielded cable;
(4) installing a metal matrix sample on a loading platform of a combined process device, supporting the sample by using a rubber pad, and then enabling the center of a laser beam spot to coincide with the upper left corner of the surface to be impacted of the matrix to serve as an initial position for impact strengthening treatment;
(5) the method comprises the following steps of (1) adopting an aluminum foil as an absorption layer, pasting the absorption layer on a to-be-impacted area on the surface of a sample, and then spraying water to the surface of a metal matrix through a water spraying device to form a liquid restraint layer;
(6) processing and displaying signals transmitted by the sensor through a controller, monitoring the amplitude value of the sample, and controlling the amplitude value to be between 10 and 50 mu m by adjusting the vibration frequency and keeping the amplitude value unchanged;
(7) setting output power and facula parameters of a laser through a laser control device, opening the laser, controlling a sample loading platform to move through a manipulator control system by adopting a line-by-line processing method, and carrying out large-area laser lap joint impact strengthening treatment on a to-be-impacted area of a metal sample;
(8) and in the laser shock peening process, stable low-amplitude vibration is always kept.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the surface of the metal member is treated by vibration-assisted laser shock treatment, and the method comprises the following steps: and (2) grinding the metal surface in the step (1), and cleaning dust and oil stains on the surface to ensure the smoothness of the surface of the matrix sample and improve the laser lapping impact strengthening efficiency.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the surface of the metal member is treated by vibration-assisted laser shock treatment, and the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the vibration exciter is composed of an eccentric rotating mechanism with an adjustable eccentricity driven by a direct current motor, is an excitation source of a vibration aging process, and is used for causing the workpiece to vibrate and applying dynamic stress to the workpiece.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the surface of the metal member is treated by vibration-assisted laser shock treatment, and the method comprises the following steps: and (4) supporting the test sample by using a rubber pad to mainly play a role in vibration isolation, so that the energy loss of a vibration system is reduced.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the surface of the metal member is treated by vibration-assisted laser shock treatment, and the method comprises the following steps: the laser shock strengthening absorption layer in the step (5) is a special aluminum foil, and the thickness of the special aluminum foil is 0.10-0.12 mm; the thickness of the liquid restraint layer is 1-2 mm.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the surface of the metal member is treated by vibration-assisted laser shock treatment, and the method comprises the following steps: and (4) controlling the vibration frequency in the step (6) within the range of 20 Hz-120 Hz.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the surface of the metal member is treated by vibration-assisted laser shock treatment, and the method comprises the following steps: the single pulse Nd adopted by the laser in the step (7): YAG laser, the working parameters are: the wavelength is 1064nm, the pulse width is 5-10ns, the single pulse energy is 1.5-10J, the spot radius is 1-3mm, and the spot overlapping rate is 50%.
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| CN201810335784.1A CN108660307B (en) | 2018-04-16 | 2018-04-16 | Surface strengthening method for vibration-assisted laser shock treatment of metal component |
| PCT/CN2018/090186 WO2019200677A1 (en) | 2018-04-16 | 2018-06-07 | Surface strengthening method for metal component by vibration-assisted laser shock processing |
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| CN109725012B (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2021-07-23 | 南通大学 | Laser-induced micro-pit surface nano-detection method applied to marine platform |
| CN110146375B (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2020-09-22 | 北京理工大学 | Method for determining mapping relation between fatigue crack initiation position of part and surface integrity |
| CN110527807B (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2021-01-26 | 北京航空航天大学 | Numerical control progressive strengthening method for complex metal surface |
| CN110760668B (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2022-01-11 | 江苏大学 | Ultrasonic-assisted laser shot blasting method for obtaining superfine crystal surface layer |
| CN111139468A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-05-12 | 江苏大学 | Method for compositely strengthening cavitation corrosion resistance of titanium-nickel coating |
| CN111575474B (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2021-10-12 | 江苏大学 | Thermal torsional vibration composite aging method and device for escalator driving main shaft |
| CN111889896B (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2022-05-03 | 松山湖材料实验室 | Ingot stripping method by ultrasonic-laser cooperation |
| CN112280968B (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2021-12-28 | 西安交通大学 | High-energy pulse laser processing and measuring integrated system and method |
| CN112899467B (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2022-02-15 | 江苏大学 | Laser shock wave and ultrasonic shock wave real-time coupling device and method |
| CN113210874B (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2022-02-15 | 北京理工大学 | Method for reconstructing machined surface texture through laser shock peening path |
| CN114959247B (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2024-05-28 | 沈阳工业大学 | Laser shock strengthening method for prolonging fatigue life of 8Cr4Mo4V aviation bearing steel after stabilizing treatment |
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| CN102199690A (en) * | 2011-04-21 | 2011-09-28 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Laser plasma shock wave surface nanocrystallization method for polycrystal metal material |
| CN103114286A (en) * | 2013-02-27 | 2013-05-22 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | Method for repairing titanium alloy by ultrasound-assisted laser |
| US9649722B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2017-05-16 | Illinois Institute Of Technology | Ultrasound-assisted water-confined laser micromachining |
| CN205420505U (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-08-03 | 杨昭 | Laser shock treatment on -line measuring corrects system based on work piece vibration frequency |
| CN107042254B (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2019-03-05 | 安徽工业大学 | Metal sheet forming method and device based on laser blast wave and vibrotechnique |
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