CN107042254B - Metal sheet forming method and device based on laser blast wave and vibrotechnique - Google Patents
Metal sheet forming method and device based on laser blast wave and vibrotechnique Download PDFInfo
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- CN107042254B CN107042254B CN201710485374.0A CN201710485374A CN107042254B CN 107042254 B CN107042254 B CN 107042254B CN 201710485374 A CN201710485374 A CN 201710485374A CN 107042254 B CN107042254 B CN 107042254B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/06—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure by shock waves
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of metal sheet forming method and device based on laser blast wave and vibrotechnique, belongs to machine components Rapid Manufacturing Technology field.The present invention induces shock wave to carry out repeated loading to sheet metal under water using single pulse laser, utilize the rebound and oscillation in the one-way exhaust control Sheet Metal Forming of check valve, and the drag of plastic deformation of the sheet metal in forming process is slackened using method for oscillating, accelerate Plastic Flow and the forming of sheet metal, further decrease rebound, to make sheet metal and die face critically be bonded, high-precision drip molding is obtained.Equipment used in the present invention is simple, easy to operate, and the shock wave pressure of induction is high and can repeatedly utilize, and the elastic recovery of drip molding is small, and amount of plastic deformation is big, and the precision of forming is high.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to machine components Rapid Manufacturing Technology fields, are related to a kind of method and dress based on half module formed sheet
It sets more particularly to a kind of metal sheet forming method and device based on laser blast wave and vibrotechnique, the present invention is especially suitable
Together in the sheet moulding of difficult forming and high resilient material under room temperature.
Background technique:
The light alloys thin plate such as aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, titanium alloy, since its drip molding is high, light-weight etc. excellent with intensity
Gesture, thus it is widely used in the industries such as aerospace, automobile panel, microelectronics, instrument, it is occupied emphatically in national economy
The position wanted.Stamping is one of the most frequently used processing method of thin plate Plastic Forming, is applied using hydraulic press to sheet metal and is pressed
Power makes it generate the plastic deformation as die cavity, to obtain the part of certain shapes.Press-processing method is suitable for material
The good large batch of sheet member Quick-forming of ductility, production efficiency with higher, but there is Mold Making Period Process
The deficiencies of long, expensive, manufacturing cost is high, and be easy to be limited by die size.For the light conjunction of forming difficult under room temperature
Golden such as magnesium alloy, aluminium alloy, titanium alloy plate, since its yield limit is higher, during implementing punching press, hydraulic coupling is needed
It will be between 30-200MPa, therefore to the more demanding of equipment performance in forming process, especially to the leakproofness of hydraulic device
Very high requirement is proposed, but is leaked under high pressure inevitable.It needs to be emphasized that aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy etc. are in room temperature
The performance of lower forming is poor, and the springback capacity after forming even can reach 50% or more, therefore necessarily in the hydraulic system of forming
Middle pressure maintaining a very long time, to reduce the springback capacity of drip molding after hydraulic coupling removes to the greatest extent.
In laser impact forming, sheet metal obtains kinetic energy and momentum, high-speed motion, metal plate from laser blast wave
The instantaneous velocity of material deformation is several hundred metre per second (m/s)s, and even km is per second, and in deformation process, kinetic energy is converted into plastic work done and deposits
The elastic potential energy in sheet metal is store, when speed is reduced to 0, the depth of plastic deformation has reached maximum, then a large amount of storages
Elastic potential energy in sheet metal will discharge, and potential energy is converted into kinetic energy again, move sheet metal opposite direction again, elastic potential energy
It is then converted to kinetic energy, repeatedly, rebound not only results in plastic deformation depth and becomes smaller, but also also results in sheet metal deformation
Shaking repeatedly for a long time for area, finally stops, greatly reducing the efficiency and forming accuracy of forming.
A kind of method that Chinese patent CN1751837A discloses underwater laser shock formation, this method are arranged in front of workpiece
Elastomeric film, laser irradiation generate shock wave after the absorbed layer in film strips, shock wave reaches after propagating one end distance in water
The surface of workpiece carries out impact forging to workpiece.Although use the shock wave of induced with laser as forming power source, due to
Using elastomeric film, make the peak value of the shock wave pressure generated on film strips surface have it is biggish slow down effect, and by Jie
Matter water transmits shock wave at a distance, slows down effect due to water, the pressure for passing to the shock wave of workpiece surface further decays, greatly
The earth has slackened forming effect.More importantly this method is difficult to eliminate the rebound after plate high speed impact, therefore drip molding
Precision it is poor.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of the present invention is to solve springback capacity after breadth light alloy plate at normal temperature impact forging caused by larger
The not high problem of precision provides a kind of metal sheet forming method and device based on laser blast wave and vibrotechnique, this hair
Bright is using the pulse of laser blast wave induction as the half module high-precision metal sheet material forming method and device of power.
Specific step is as follows for metal sheet forming method provided by the present invention based on laser blast wave and vibrotechnique:
(1) by 10 upper surface wiped clean of sheet metal and after drying, one layer is coated in 10 upper surface of sheet metal
With a thickness of the pitch-dark energy-absorbing layer 9 as laser of 0.10mm.
(2) second sealing rings 25 are mounted in the annular seal groove of mold 11, will be with described in the energy-absorbing layer 9
Sheet metal 10 is fixed on the mold 11 by the pressure plate 7 with mesoporous.
(3) mold 11 is fixed on 8 bottom of sink, and the sink 8 is fixed on vibrator table 19.
(4) 8 side wall of sink is equipped with annular seal groove, and the first sealing ring 12 is mounted on the annular seal groove
Interior, exhaust pipe 13 of the end with pipe screw thread passes through the annular seal groove, one end of the exhaust pipe 13 and the mold 11
Gas vent connection, the other end of the exhaust pipe 13 is located at the outside of the sink 8, the other end and list of the exhaust pipe 13
It is connected to valve 14.
(5) it opens the tap 24 being located above the sink 8 and injects water 6, the water surface to energy absorption into the sink 8
The distance of layer is 150-600mm.
(6) computer 23 issues instruction, and it is ns magnitude, single pulse energy 2-100J, function that laser generator 1, which issues pulsewidth,
Rate density is GW/cm2The laser pulse beam 3 of magnitude, the laser pulse beam 3 successively by total reflective mirror 4, impact head 5 and have about
Irradiation generates high-pressure shocking wave on the energy-absorbing layer 9 after the water 6 of beam layer effect, and the high-pressure shocking wave makes sheet metal
10 are deformed, and are gradually reduced the volume between 11 die cavity of the deformed sheet metal 10 and the mold, described
Air in die cavity after the exhaust pipe 13 and the check valve 14 by discharging, the sheet metal 10 and the mould
Has the fitting of 11 die cavitys.
(7) computer 23 issues instruction again, power on the vibrator table 19 by controller 22,
It starts to work, the vibration frequency of the vibrator table 19 is 10-2000Hz, amplitude 0.01-0.5mm, time of vibration are
2-3 minutes.
(8) drain screw 20 is unscrewed, the water 6 in the sink 8 is drained, the mold 11 is taken out from the sink 8,
The pressure plate 7 is opened, takes out stamped metal part from the mold 11.
Metal sheet forming device provided by the present invention based on laser blast wave and vibrotechnique includes laser
Device 1, light-conducting system, workpiece clamp system, sealing system, control system and vibrational system.
The light-conducting system includes light pipe 2, total reflective mirror 4 and impact head 5, and one end of the light pipe 2 is ined succession laser hair
Raw device 1, the light pipe 2 successively connect laser generator 1, total reflective mirror 4 and impact head 5, the light pipe 2 it is another
End connects impact head 5, contains in impact head 5 and focuses convex lens, impact head 5 is directed at the sheet metal in the workpiece clamp system
10。
The workpiece clamp system includes pressure plate 7, mold 11, sink 8, water 6, tap 24 and drain screw 20, energy
The upper surface that absorbed layer 9 is coated in the sheet metal 10 is measured, the sheet metal 10 is pressed in the mold 11 by pressure plate 7
On, the mold 11 is fixed on the bottom of the sink 8, and the drain screw 20 is mounted on the water by antiseepage gasket 21
On the threaded hole of 8 sidewall bottom of slot, the tap 24 is located at the top of the sink 8, and the water 6 in the sink 8 will be described
Energy-absorbing layer 9 submerges, and the distance of the water surface to the energy-absorbing layer 9 is 150-600mm.
The sealing system includes plug 27, cushion film 26, the second sealing ring 25, exhaust pipe 13, the first sealing ring 12, list
To valve 14 and sheet metal 10;Second sealing ring 25 is mounted in the seal groove of the mold 11, second sealing ring
25 are higher by the upper surface of the mold 11, there is the decrement of 0.2-0.45mm after the sheet metal 10 installs, described stifled
First 27 are connect by the cushion film 26 with the pipe screw thread of 8 bottom of sink, and one end of the exhaust pipe 13 passes through pipe screw thread
It is connect with the gas vent on the mold 11, the other end of the exhaust pipe 13 passes through the annular seal groove and the of the sink 8
One sealing ring 12 is connect with the check valve 14, and first sealing ring 12 has 0.1- under the action of exhaust pipe 13
The decrement of 0.2mm, the check valve 14 are made of steel ball and slinky spring, and the air in the 11 type chamber of mold is in pressure
Under the action of can be by the unidirectional discharge outward of the exhaust pipe 13 and the check valve 14, the check valve 14 at this time
In the conductive state, reversely then the check valve 14 is closed, and the range of the exhaust bore dia of 11 bottom of mold is
0.08-0.6mm。
The vibrational system includes nut 15, check washer 16, bolt 17, fixed block 18 and vibrator table 19;Institute
The height for stating vibrator table 19 can be adjusted, and the bolt 17, check washer 16 and nut 15 will be symmetrical set
The fixed block 18 be fixed in the T-slot of the vibrator table 19, adjust the distance between described fixed block 18, will
The sink 8 is fixed, to guarantee that the sink 8 is not subjected to displacement in the case of vibrations.
The control system includes computer 23 and controller 22, and computer 23 controls the vibration by the controller 22
The movement of dynamic device workbench 19, the computer 23 control the laser that the laser generator 1 issues by the controller 22
Pulsed beams 3.
The present invention has following technical characterstic:
1, the pressure using the impact of induced with laser as sheet metal deformation, compared with conventional hydraulic power bulging, avoiding makes
With complicated liquid plant.Not only equipment is simple by the present invention, easy to maintenance, and it is smaller to take up space, and low energy consumption, processing cost
It is low.
2, workpiece is placed in the sink, after high-power laser pulse beam focuses on energy-absorbing layer, gasification, ionization generate etc.
Gas ions, the energy after-explosion of plasmon absorption laser form detonation wave high speed impact on the surface of sheet metal, form one
Secondary Shocks wave, while one-shot wave also pushes water rapidly to spread around, due to the effect of inertia, causes center of impact area
There is negative pressure, the water of such surrounding flows to the center of impact again and interaction forms secondary pulse wave and acts on metal
On plate, so recycles, form repeat impact wave to the repeat impact of sheet metal.
3, in plate after obtaining momentum in laser blast wave, to mold cavity bottoms close to deformation process in, die cavity inner body
Product reduces, pressure rise, and the steel ball in check valve pushes slinky spring open, is vented outwards, due to inertia, causes the pressure in die cavity big
It is big to reduce, so that deformed sheet metal is difficult to spring back.And every time shock wave in sheet metal deformation all
The intracavitary air of meeting compression mould type, is allowed to be discharged, deflection is just accumulated.
4, the shock wave that laser induces in water can form repeat impact effect on sheet metal, increase metal plate
The plastic deformation of material, and check valve use so that sheet metal deformation after be difficult to spring back, further increase sheet metal
Amount of plastic deformation therefore under identical deflection, can use lesser laser energy to induce shock wave, avoid making
The thermal damage caused by laser is exported with the pulse of big energy, the service life of laser will be greatly prolonged.
5, in forming process, the use of check valve not only increases the amount of plastic deformation of sheet metal, and makes metal
The drip molding of plate is difficult to spring back and shake repeatedly.The time for shortening metal sheet forming in this way improves forming efficiency, and
And the compactness of metal sheet forming part and mold is increased, substantially increase forming accuracy.
6, in forming process, vibration can significantly reduce rubbing between the flow stress and workpiece and mold of metal material
Power, and the input of outside energy are wiped, the dislocation motion between metal particle is promoted, is conducive to various grain sliding systems and starts,
It is become easy to make to occur to slide accordingly, reduces the resistance of deformation of sheet metal, further improve forming accuracy.
Detailed description of the invention:
Fig. 1 schematic structural diagram of the device of the invention.
In figure: 1: laser generator;2: light pipe;3: laser pulse beam;4: total reflective mirror;5: impact head;6: water;7: binder
Plate;8: sink;9: energy-absorbing layer;10: sheet metal;11: mold;12: the first sealing rings;13: exhaust pipe;14: check valve;
15: nut;16: check washer;17: bolt;18: fixed block;19: vibrator table;20: drain screw;21: anti-leakage pad
Piece;22: controller;23: computer;24: tap;25: the second sealing rings;26: cushion film;27: plug.
Specific embodiment:
With reference to the accompanying drawing, by the thick 2024 aerolite plates of forming 0.2mm, further illustrate the method for the present invention and
Device.
Specific step is as follows for metal sheet forming method provided by the invention based on laser blast wave and vibrotechnique:
(1) sheet metal 10 is 2024 aerolite plates of 0.2mm thickness, is wiped with acetone by 10 upper surface of sheet metal
Wiped clean after drying, coats the pitch-dark energy as laser that a layer thickness is 0.10mm in 10 upper surface of sheet metal and inhales
Receive layer 9.
(2) mould for being 3.2mm by the groove depth that O-shaped second sealing ring 25 of cross-sectional diameter φ 3.5mm is mounted on seal groove
In the annular seal groove of tool 11, the sheet metal 10 that upper surface is coated with energy-absorbing layer 9 is consolidated by the pressure plate 7 with mesoporous
It is scheduled on mold 11.
(3) mold 11 is fixed on 8 bottom of sink, then will by nut 15, check washer 16, bolt 17 and fixed block 18
Sink 8 is fixed on vibrator table 19.
(4) 8 side wall of sink is equipped with annular seal groove, and O-shaped first sealing ring 12 of cross-sectional diameter φ 2.8mm is installed
In annular seal groove, the groove depth of annular seal groove is 2.6mm;The mold cavity bottoms of mold 11 are equipped with the row that diameter is φ 1.2mm
Stomata, exhaust pipe 13 of the end with pipe screw thread pass through annular seal groove, and one end of exhaust pipe 13 passes through pipe screw thread and mold 11
Gas vent connection, the other end of exhaust pipe 13 is located at the outside of sink 8, the other end and 14 phase of check valve of the exhaust pipe 13
Even.
(5) drain screw 20 with pipe screw thread is screwed into screw clamp 8 by antiseepage gasket 21, and tightened, opened
The tap 24 of top injects water 6 into sink 8, and the distance of the water surface to energy-absorbing layer is 200mm.
(6) computer 23 issues instruction, and the sending pulsewidth of laser generator 1 is 24ns, single pulse energy 10J, wavelength are
The laser pulse beam 3 of 1064nm, laser pulse beam 3 are successively irradiated by total reflective mirror 4, impact head 5 and after having the water 6 of effect of contraction
The hot spot that diameter is φ 3mm is formed on the energy-absorbing layer 9, forming power density is 6.35GW/cm2Induced with laser produce
Raw surge pressure is 2.5GPa shock wave, and on sheet metal 10, sheet metal 10 is deformed shock wave, and makes metal
Volume between 11 die cavity of plate 10 and mold is gradually reduced, and the air in die cavity passes through outside after exhaust pipe 13 and check valve 14
Discharge, the last sheet metal 10 are bonded with 11 die cavity of mold.
(7) computer 23 issues instruction again, so that the vibrator table 19 powered on, started by controller 22
Work, the vibration frequency for stating vibrator table 19 is 1200Hz, amplitude 0.05mm, time of vibration are 3 minutes.
(8) drain screw 20 is unscrewed, the water 6 in sink 8 is drained, mold 11 is taken out from sink 8, opens pressure plate 7,
Stamped metal part is taken out from mold 11.
Claims (2)
1. the metal sheet forming method based on laser blast wave and vibrotechnique, it is characterised in that this method specific steps are such as
Under:
(1) by sheet metal (10) upper surface wiped clean and after drying, one layer is coated in the sheet metal (10) upper surface
With a thickness of the pitch-dark energy-absorbing layer (9) as laser of 0.10mm;
(2) second sealing rings (25) are mounted in the annular seal groove of mold (11), will have the institute of the energy-absorbing layer (9)
Sheet metal (10) is stated to be fixed on the mold (11) by the pressure plate (7) with mesoporous;
(3) mold (11) is fixed on sink (8) bottom, and the sink (8) is fixed on vibrator table (19);
(4) sink (8) side wall is equipped with annular seal groove, and the first sealing ring (12) is mounted on the annular seal groove
Interior, exhaust pipe (13) of the end with pipe screw thread passes through the annular seal groove that the sink (8) side wall is equipped with, the exhaust pipe
(13) one end is connect with the gas vent of the mold (11), and the other end of the exhaust pipe (13) is located at the sink (8)
The other end of outside, the exhaust pipe (13) is connected with check valve (14);
(5) it opens in tap (24) the Xiang Suoshu sink (8) being located above the sink (8) and injects water (6), the sink
(8) water (6) in submerges the energy-absorbing layer (9), and the distance of the water surface to energy-absorbing layer is 150-600mm;
(6) computer (23) issues instruction, and it is ns magnitude, single pulse energy 2-100J, function that laser generator (1), which issues pulsewidth,
Rate density is GW/cm2The laser pulse beam (3) of magnitude, the laser pulse beam (3) successively pass through total reflective mirror (4), impact head
(5) and there is the water (6) of effect of contraction to irradiate afterwards to generate high-pressure shocking wave, the impacting with high pressure on the energy-absorbing layer (9)
Wave is deformed sheet metal (10), and makes between the deformed sheet metal (10) and the mold (11) die cavity
Volume is gradually reduced, and the air in the die cavity behind the exhaust pipe (13) and the check valve (14) by discharging, institute
Sheet metal (10) is stated to be bonded with the mold (11) die cavity;
(7) computer (23) issues instruction again, so that the vibrator table (19) is connected electricity by controller (22)
Source, start-up operation, the vibration frequency of the vibrator table (19) is 10-2000Hz, amplitude 0.01-0.5mm, vibration when
Between be 2-3 minutes;
(8) drain screw (20) are unscrewed, the water (6) in the sink (8) is drained, from the taking-up mould in the sink (8)
Have (11), open the pressure plate (7), from taking-up stamped metal part in the mold (11).
2. the metal sheet forming device based on laser blast wave and vibrotechnique, it is characterised in that the device includes laser
Device (1), light-conducting system, workpiece clamp system, sealing system, control system and vibrational system;The light-conducting system includes leaded light
Pipe (2), total reflective mirror (4) and impact head (5), one end of the light pipe (2) are ined succession laser generator (1), the light pipe (2)
Successively the laser generator (1), total reflective mirror (4) and the impact head (5) are connected, the light pipe (2) it is another
End connects the impact head (5), contains focusing convex lens, impact head (5) alignment workpiece clamp in the impact head (5)
Sheet metal (10) in tool system;The workpiece clamp system include pressure plate (7), mold (11), sink (8), water (6),
Tap (24) and drain screw (20), energy-absorbing layer (9) are coated in the upper surface of the sheet metal (10), the binder
Plate (7) is pressed in the sheet metal (10) on the mold (11), and the mold (11) is fixed on the bottom of the sink (8)
Portion, the drain screw (20) are mounted on the threaded hole of the sink (8) sidewall bottom by antiseepage gasket (21), the water
Leading (24) are located at the top of the sink (8), and the water (6) in the sink (8) submerges the energy-absorbing layer (9), water
The distance of face to the energy-absorbing layer (9) is 150-600mm;The sealing system includes plug (27), cushion film (26),
Two sealing rings (25), exhaust pipe (13), the first sealing ring (12), check valve (14) and sheet metal (10), second sealing
Circle (25) is mounted in the annular seal groove of the mold (11), and second sealing ring (25) is higher by the upper of the mold (11)
, there is the decrement of 0.2-0.45mm on surface after the sheet metal (10) installs, and the plug (27) passes through the cushion
Piece (26) is connect with the pipe screw thread of the sink (8) bottom, and one end of the exhaust pipe (13) passes through pipe screw thread and the mold
(11) the gas vent connection on, the other end of the exhaust pipe (13) pass through annular seal groove on the sink (8) side wall and
First sealing ring (12) is connect with the check valve (14);The vibrational system includes nut (15), check washer (16), bolt
(17), the height of fixed block (18) and vibrator table (19), the vibrator table (19) can be adjusted, the bolt
(17), the fixed block (18) being symmetrical set is fixed on the vibrator by check washer (16) and the nut (15)
In the T-slot of workbench (19), the distance between described fixed block (18) is adjusted, the sink (8) are fixed, to guarantee shaking
The sink (8) is not subjected to displacement in the case where dynamic;The control system includes computer (23) and controller (22), the meter
Calculation machine (23) controls the movement of the vibrator table (19) by the controller (22), and the computer (23) passes through institute
It states controller (22) and controls the laser pulse beam (3) that the laser generator (1) issues.
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CN111331026B (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2022-01-11 | 安徽工业大学 | Device and method for measuring collision process in laser impact high-speed forming of plate |
CN112453204B (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2022-06-10 | 中南大学 | Method and device for integrally forming shape of alloy complex component |
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CN102773325B (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2016-05-25 | 黄启瑞 | Forming system and forming method of metal plate |
CN102773328A (en) * | 2012-08-13 | 2012-11-14 | 江苏大学 | Plastic working formation method for acquiring magnesium alloy forming member with large bulging height |
CN103170630B (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2015-03-04 | 安徽工业大学 | Forming method and device of anisotropic neodymium iron boron bonded permanent magnet |
CN103191969B (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2014-12-10 | 安徽工业大学 | Method and device for hot forming of medium-thickness plates under elastic preloading |
RO129350A0 (en) * | 2013-11-05 | 2014-04-30 | Arhipro S.R.L. | Method and medium sized semi-torus |
CN104772569B (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2017-11-14 | 山东科技大学 | The laser-impact micro-forming device and its microsecond delay technique of a kind of medical titanium alloy plate |
CN106238552B (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2018-06-19 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | High-duty pulsatile impact hydraulic forming method |
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