CN112280968B - High-energy pulse laser processing and measuring integrated system and method - Google Patents
High-energy pulse laser processing and measuring integrated system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112280968B CN112280968B CN202010989256.5A CN202010989256A CN112280968B CN 112280968 B CN112280968 B CN 112280968B CN 202010989256 A CN202010989256 A CN 202010989256A CN 112280968 B CN112280968 B CN 112280968B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
- C21D10/005—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation by laser shock processing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/02—Testing optical properties
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
A high-energy pulse laser processing and measuring integrated system and method, including a set of high-energy pulse laser system that can be used for laser shock peening and producing the ultrasonic wave at the same time, a set of sensor system used for receiving the ultrasonic wave, a set of data read-out system used for converting the sensor data, a set of central control system used for coordinating and controlling all apparatuses; high-energy pulse laser generated by the high-energy pulse laser system induces and generates shock wave laser shock strengthening on the surface of the workpiece according to a path, and generates ultrasonic waves inside the workpiece; the sensor system receives the ultrasonic signal and inputs the ultrasonic signal into the central control system through the data reading system; the central control system calculates ultrasonic data to obtain workpiece internal information and laser impact information; performing real-time parameter adjustment on high-energy pulse laser and workpiece product manufacturing equipment according to the laser impact information and the workpiece internal information; the invention realizes impact strengthening and ultrasonic detection at the same time, and improves the detection accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of on-line monitoring, in particular to a high-energy pulse laser processing and measuring integrated system and method.
Background
Laser Ultrasound (LU) is a nondestructive testing method developed in recent years, and information such as modulus, grain size, internal stress, air hole cracks and the like of a target to be tested can be obtained by inducing Ultrasonic waves in the target to be tested through pulse Laser, receiving Ultrasonic signals through corresponding contact or non-contact Ultrasonic detection sensors, and analyzing acquired data through corresponding algorithms.
Laser shock peening (Laser shock peening) is a high-performance surface treatment technology which induces high-energy plasma on the surface to be treated by adopting high-energy pulse Laser beams, and generates impact force with the magnitude of GPa on the surface of an impact target through high-speed diffusion of the plasma. YAG pulse laser, which is different from Nd laser in ultrasonic laser monitoring, adopts pulse laser with lower energy in order to avoid ablation of high-energy laser on the surface of a target to be detected during ultrasonic laser monitoring, and selects light beams with higher energy density under the condition that the impact target can be impacted in order to improve the depth and effect of an impact layer of laser impact strengthening.
The Chinese patent with the application number of CN201911317417.X discloses an additive manufacturing method with three-dimensional display, online monitoring and repair functions, the method utilizes laser ultrasound to detect defects in real time, realizes three-dimensional display and accurate positioning of defect positions of parts in the additive manufacturing process, and utilizes material reducing milling to remove defect parts and then carries out in-situ additive reconstruction to complete defect repair.
Chinese patent application No. CN201910694347.3 discloses a real-time detection method and a detection device for SLM metal additive manufacturing defects, the method performs laser cleaning and laser ultrasonic detection between manufacturing layers, obtains geometric information and positional information of internal defects of a workpiece through ultrasonic signals, and can perform powder spreading processing again to eliminate air holes on the surface.
The Chinese patent with the application number of CN201710348577.5 discloses a metal high-energy beam material increase and decrease-online ultrasonic detection composite processing method, which aims at a high-energy beam melting metal forming method, and carries out laser ultrasonic nondestructive detection on the surface of a formed part, carries out online material decrease processing after determining the defect position, removes the defect part and then stacks the formed part until no obvious defect exists.
As can be seen from the above prior art, laser ultrasound has been widely used for defect detection and localization; in addition, laser shock peening has also received a great deal of attention as an effective means for metal surface defect repair and performance enhancement. However, when performing laser ultrasonic detection, in order to avoid the influence of pulse laser on a workpiece to be detected, laser with lower energy (generally tens of mJ) is generally selected, and the lower energy can limit the intensity of generated ultrasonic waves so as to influence the detection accuracy; meanwhile, the actual impact effect of the laser impact strengthening process is also affected by laser energy distribution, part surface quality, properties of an absorption layer and a constraint layer, light spot overlapping rate and the like, but an effective monitoring method is not available at present. Therefore, an on-line monitoring method capable of solving the above-mentioned short board is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high-energy pulse laser processing and measuring integrated system and a high-energy pulse laser processing and measuring integrated method, which have the function of laser shock peening while obtaining an ultrasonic signal in a material to realize defect online monitoring, and obtain online monitoring information of the actual process of laser shock peening of a part by monitoring the change of the ultrasonic signal in the laser shock peening scanning process.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a high-energy pulse laser processing and measuring integrated system comprises a set of high-energy pulse laser system which can be used for laser shock strengthening and ultrasonic wave generation at the same time, a set of sensor system used for receiving ultrasonic waves, a set of data reading system used for converting sensor data, and a set of central control system used for coordinately controlling all devices.
YAG high-energy pulse laser, can output the light beam of different pulse energy according to the demand, in order to increase the amplitude of laser induced shock wave and avoid the surface ablation that the high-energy laser produces, choose restraint layer and absorption layer; the absorption layer is made of aluminum foil tape, black paint and the like, and the restraint layer is made of flowing water, glass, light-transmitting polymer and the like.
The ultrasonic receiving sensor comprises a contact type ultrasonic sensor and a non-contact type ultrasonic sensor, and is composed of a single sensor or a sensor array.
A high-energy pulse laser processing and measuring integrated method comprises the following steps: high-energy pulse laser generated by a high-energy pulse laser system induces and generates shock wave laser shock strengthening on the surface of a workpiece according to a path, and meanwhile, ultrasonic waves are generated inside the workpiece; after the sensor system receives the ultrasonic signal, the signal is input into the central control system through the data reading system; the central control system calculates the read ultrasonic data to obtain the internal information of the workpiece, wherein the internal information of the workpiece comprises the position and size of the defect, the residual stress distribution, the modulus, the grain size and other information; and finally, performing real-time parameter adjustment on the high-energy pulse laser and workpiece product manufacturing equipment according to the laser impact information and the workpiece internal information.
In the laser shock peening process, the ultrasonic receiving array is combined with the acoustic properties of the material, so that key information such as spot size, overlapping rate, energy stability and the like in the laser shock peening process can be obtained, and the on-line monitoring of the process effect is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the ultrasonic sensor array is utilized to realize bidirectional online monitoring of internal tissues and defects of the workpiece and the process parameters of impact strengthening. On one hand, the on-line monitoring of the workpiece can obtain information such as internal stress, modulus, grain size, pore defect position, geometric morphology and the like; on the other hand, the on-line monitoring of the laser impact can obtain the information of the spot size, the spot scanning path, the energy stability and the like in the laser impact process. The method realizes the on-line monitoring of the whole manufacturing process, and has very important significance for the performance evaluation of the formed member and the instant parameter correction in the manufacturing process.
2. The system can simultaneously realize impact strengthening and ultrasonic detection only by one high-energy pulse laser and one ultrasonic sensor, thereby reducing the complexity and the cost of equipment.
3. Compared with the traditional laser ultrasonic method which adopts the ultrasonic wave induced by the pulse laser with lower energy, the method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the conduction depth and the intensity of the ultrasonic wave can be improved by the pulse laser with higher energy adopted for laser shock peening, and the detection accuracy is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a high-energy pulse laser processing and measuring integrated system includes a set of high-energy pulse laser system for laser shock peening and generating ultrasonic waves, a set of sensor system for receiving ultrasonic waves, a set of data reading system for converting sensor data, and a set of central control system for coordinating and controlling all devices.
YAG high-energy pulse laser, can output the light beam of different pulse energy according to the demand, in order to increase the amplitude of laser induced shock wave and avoid the surface ablation that the high-energy laser produces, choose restraint layer and absorption layer; the absorption layer is made of aluminum foil tape, black paint and the like, and the restraint layer is made of flowing water, glass, light-transmitting polymer and the like.
The ultrasonic receiving sensor comprises a contact type ultrasonic sensor and a non-contact type ultrasonic sensor, and is composed of a single sensor or a sensor array.
Referring to fig. 2, a high-energy pulse laser processing and measuring integrated method includes the following steps: high-energy pulse laser generated by a high-energy pulse laser system induces and generates shock wave laser shock strengthening on the surface of a workpiece according to a path, and meanwhile, ultrasonic waves are generated inside the workpiece; after the sensor system receives the ultrasonic signal, the signal is input into the central control system through the data reading system; the central control system calculates the read ultrasonic data to obtain the internal information of the workpiece, wherein the internal information of the workpiece comprises the position and size of the defect, the residual stress distribution, the modulus, the grain size and other information; and finally, performing real-time parameter adjustment on the high-energy pulse laser and workpiece product manufacturing equipment according to the laser impact information and the workpiece internal information.
In the laser shock peening process, the ultrasonic receiving array is combined with the acoustic properties of the material, so that key information such as spot size, overlapping rate, energy stability and the like in the laser shock peening process can be obtained, and the on-line monitoring of the process effect is realized.
The process of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
The embodiment provides a high-energy pulse laser processing and measuring integrated method, which comprises the following steps:
1) carrying out three-dimensional modeling through computer CAD software, and carrying out layering and path planning on the model;
2) the electric arc wire material increase manufacturing system performs the manufacturing process: stacking and solidifying a first layer of material on a substrate; 2319 aluminum alloy welding wires are made and selected, the wire filling speed in the operation process is 7m/, the robot action speed is 0.5m/min, and the shielding gas flow rate is 25L/min;
3) online monitoring in the additive process: in the process of depositing the first layer of material, a restraint layer and a protective layer are not added for carrying out synchronous laser shock, information such as air holes, cracks, grain sizes, residual stress, modulus and the like of a deposition layer in the forming process is obtained in real time through an ultrasonic sensor, and the operation parameters in the subsequent depositing process are dynamically adjusted according to the material information of the existing forming layer;
4) on-line monitoring of interlayer laser shock process: carrying out interlayer laser shock, and adding a restraint layer and a protective layer, wherein the restraint layer is BK7 glass, and the protective layer is an aluminum foil adhesive tape; firstly, continuously obtaining relevant information of a deposition layer while impacting according to a preset path, and converting information such as spot size, scanning path, overlapping rate and the like in the laser impact process through ultrasonic signals;
dynamically planning a scanning path, energy size and repetition frequency of laser shock peening according to the obtained internal condition of the deposition layer, and giving a positive feedback or negative feedback signal in real time by a central control system according to performance feedback and laser shock peening effect feedback of the deposition layer in the shock process, and achieving the target effect of laser shock peening by adjusting the energy size, the spot size, the scanning path and the laser frequency in real time;
5) starting the additive manufacturing of the (n + 1) th layer of material, dynamically adjusting the heat input and the manufacturing speed according to the condition of the occurrence of the defects, repairing the defects exposed on the surface through laser shock and inducing recrystallization in the component;
6) and repeating the steps 2) to 5) until the production is finished.
Claims (2)
1. A high-energy pulse laser processing and measuring integrated method is characterized in that: the system comprises a set of high-energy pulse laser systems which can be used for laser shock peening and generating ultrasonic waves simultaneously, a set of sensor systems for receiving the ultrasonic waves, a set of data reading system for converting sensor data, and a set of central control system for coordinately controlling all devices;
the high-energy pulse laser processing and measuring integrated method comprises the following steps: high-energy pulse laser generated by a high-energy pulse laser system induces and generates shock waves on the surface of a workpiece according to a path to carry out laser shock strengthening, and meanwhile, ultrasonic waves are generated inside the workpiece; after the sensor system receives the ultrasonic signal, the signal is input into the central control system through the data reading system; the central control system calculates the read ultrasonic data to obtain the internal information of the workpiece, wherein the internal information of the workpiece comprises the position and size of the defect, the residual stress distribution, the modulus and the grain size information; finally, high-energy pulse laser and workpiece product manufacturing equipment are subjected to real-time parameter adjustment according to the laser impact information and the workpiece internal information;
in the laser shock peening process, key information of spot size, overlapping rate and energy stability in the laser shock peening process can be obtained by combining the acoustic properties of the material with the ultrasonic receiving array, so that the on-line monitoring of the process effect is realized;
YAG high-energy pulse laser, can output the light beam of different pulse energy according to the demand, in order to increase the amplitude of laser induced shock wave and avoid the surface ablation that the high-energy laser produces, choose restraint layer and absorption layer; the absorption layer is made of aluminum foil tape, black tape or black paint, and the restraint layer is made of flowing water, glass or light-transmitting polymer.
2. The integrated method for processing and measuring high-energy pulse laser according to claim 1, wherein: the ultrasonic receiving sensor comprises a contact type ultrasonic sensor and a non-contact type ultrasonic sensor, and is composed of a single sensor or a sensor array.
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| CN101482542A (en) * | 2009-02-11 | 2009-07-15 | 江苏大学 | Laser impact intensified on-line detection method and apparatus based on waveform characteristics of shock wave |
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