CN108656667A - 用于实现hud功能的夹层玻璃 - Google Patents

用于实现hud功能的夹层玻璃 Download PDF

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CN108656667A
CN108656667A CN201710207804.2A CN201710207804A CN108656667A CN 108656667 A CN108656667 A CN 108656667A CN 201710207804 A CN201710207804 A CN 201710207804A CN 108656667 A CN108656667 A CN 108656667A
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layer
glass
outside
reflectance coating
laminated glass
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史策
谷鋆鑫
周冲
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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Priority to CN201710207804.2A priority Critical patent/CN108656667A/zh
Priority to JP2019543037A priority patent/JP2020515488A/ja
Priority to PCT/CN2018/080649 priority patent/WO2018177281A1/en
Priority to KR1020197028039A priority patent/KR20190137085A/ko
Priority to MA049020A priority patent/MA49020A/fr
Priority to PE2019001448A priority patent/PE20191272A1/es
Priority to CA3056841A priority patent/CA3056841A1/en
Priority to MX2019011394A priority patent/MX2019011394A/es
Priority to US16/498,916 priority patent/US20210088783A1/en
Priority to RU2019134612A priority patent/RU2019134612A/ru
Priority to EP18774966.8A priority patent/EP3600886A1/en
Priority to AU2018243085A priority patent/AU2018243085A1/en
Priority to BR112019011345A priority patent/BR112019011345A2/pt
Publication of CN108656667A publication Critical patent/CN108656667A/zh
Priority to CONC2019/0007910A priority patent/CO2019007910A2/es
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于实现HUD功能的夹层玻璃，所述夹层玻璃包括：外侧玻璃层；内侧玻璃层；位于所述外侧玻璃层和所述内侧玻璃层之间的PVB膜；其中所述PVB膜为厚度均匀的PVB膜，所述夹层玻璃还包括有反射膜。

Description

用于实现HUD功能的夹层玻璃
技术领域
本发明涉及玻璃技术领域，特别涉及一种用于实现HUD功能的夹层玻璃。
背景技术
HUD(head up display)，也称为平视显示器，其可以使驾驶员不需要低头就能够看到他需要的重要资讯，由此降低了飞行员需要低头查看仪表的频率，避免注意力中断以及丧失对状态意识(Situation Awareness)的掌握。因此被普遍运用于航空器、车辆的高端车型上作为行驶辅助仪器。
目前，由于HUD一般是利用飞行器或车辆的前挡风玻璃进行显示，而这些前挡风玻璃普遍是夹层玻璃，也就是说这些前挡风玻璃具有内外两个界面会成两个位置不同的像，而且亮度很接近，因此驾驶员看起来就是很糟糕的重影。解决该问题目前很普遍的做法是：在夹层玻璃中使用有楔角的楔形截面的PVB膜来调整外面成像的位置，达到消除重影的目的。
然而，楔形截面的PVB膜由于其形状特殊，因此其制造成本较高，从而导致其销售价格非常昂贵。通常，楔形截面的PVB膜的价格是普通厚度均匀的PVB膜的数倍。此外，由于目前市场上销售的楔形截面的PVB膜普遍是通过挤出成型工艺形成的，基于挤出成型工艺的局限性，所形成的楔形截面的PVB膜最多在一个方向上的截面形状是楔形的，另一个方向上的截面形状始终是均匀不变的。而仅在一个方向上的截面形状为楔形对于大面积的HUD而言，其仍具有局限性，因为在一个方向上的截面形状为楔形的HUD，再当驾驶员从其它的角度看HUD时，HUD的成像会变得模糊起来。例如：在某一个角度看HUD时，成像是清晰的，但从另外的角度看HUD时，成像会由于PVB膜在该角度上的截面形状是均匀不变的，导致在该角度上HUD成像仍会有重影，从而导致驾驶员无法看清HUD上所显示的数据而需调整观看角度，从而会分散注意力，因此存在一定的安全驾驶隐患。
为了解决上述问题，目前有一种是提供仅能反射发出的特定激光中的某一波长的光的玻璃，并在该玻璃上以该某一波长的光来进行HUD成像。然而，上述设备需要的光源一般是特定的窄频带发射器，因此，该方法对于设备的要求比较高，没有普适性。
发明内容
因此，为了克服现有技术中的上述缺陷，本发明提供了一种新颖的用于实现PVB功能的夹层玻璃窗，其采用了反射膜使得夹层玻璃的外侧玻璃层和内侧玻璃层上成像亮度的对比度增大从而消除了“鬼影”因此实现HUD功能的夹层玻璃可以使用市面上销售价格较低的、厚度均匀的普通PVB膜，使得该用于实现HUD功能的夹层玻璃的制造成本明显下降。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供一种用于实现HUD功能的夹层玻璃，所述夹层玻璃包括：
外侧玻璃层；
内侧玻璃层；
位于所述外侧玻璃层和所述内侧玻璃层之间的PVB膜；
其中，所述PVB膜为厚度均匀的PVB膜，所述外侧玻璃层和内侧玻璃层中至少一个远离PVB膜的一侧设有反射膜。
根据本发明的另一个方面，其中，所述反射膜仅设置在所述外侧玻璃层的远离PVB膜的一侧。
根据本发明的另一个方面，其中，所述反射膜仅设置在所述内侧玻璃层的远离PVB膜的一侧。
根据本发明的另一个方面，其中，在外侧玻璃层的外侧以及内侧玻璃层的远离PVB膜的一侧均设置有所述反射膜。
根据本发明的另一个方面，其中，所述反射膜是增反射层或减反射层。
根据本发明的另一个方面，其中，当外侧玻璃层以及内侧玻璃层的远离PVB膜的一侧均设置有所述反射膜时，所述反射膜中的一个为增反射层，另一个为减反射层。
根据本发明的另一个方面，其中，所述增反射层或减反射层是单层或是多层。
根据本发明的另一个方面，其中，所述增反射层使得投射到设置该增反射层的玻璃层的光的反射率达到6-9％，优选为9％。所述减反射层使得投射到设置该减反射层的玻璃层的光的反射率达到0.1-1％，优选为0.1％。
附图说明
本发明的上述的以及其他的特征、性质和优势将通过下面结合附图和具体实施方式的描述而变得更加清晰，其中：
图1示意性地示出了现有技术中用于实现HUD功能的夹层玻璃的截面图，其中内侧玻璃层和外侧玻璃层之间为楔形PVB膜；
图2示意性地示出了根据本发明的用于实现HUD功能的夹层玻璃的一个实施例的截面图，其中内侧玻璃层和外侧玻璃层之间为厚度均匀的PVB膜，并且其中在外层玻璃层的外侧上设置有反射膜；
图3示意性地示出了根据本发明的用于实现HUD功能的夹层玻璃的另一个实施例的截面图，其中内侧玻璃层和外侧玻璃层之间为厚度均匀的PVB膜，并且其中在内侧玻璃层的内侧上设置有反射膜；
图4示意性地示出了根据本发明的用于实现HUD功能的夹层玻璃的又一个实施例的截面图，其中内侧玻璃层和外侧玻璃层之间为厚度均匀的PVB膜，并且其中在外侧玻璃层的外侧以及内侧玻璃层的内侧上均设置有反射膜。
具体实施方式
在以下优选的实施方式的具体描述中，将参考构成本发明一部分的所附的附图。所附的附图中通过示例的方式示出了能够实现本发明的特定的实施例。示例的实施方式并不旨在穷尽根据本发明的所有实施方式。可以理解，在不偏离本发明的范围的前提下，可以利用其他实施方式，也可以进行结构性或者逻辑性的修改。因此，以下的具体描述并非限制性的，且本发明的范围由所附的权利要求限定。
图1为现有技术中用于实现HUD功能的夹层玻璃的截面图，参考图1可知，内侧玻璃层和外侧玻璃层之间为楔形PVB膜，现有技术中，该楔形PVB膜通常由挤出成型工艺所获得。
在图1中，具有截面为楔形的夹层玻璃消除内外侧玻璃层所产生的成像之间互相重叠而形成的“鬼影”的基本原理如下：由于PVB膜3的截面为楔形，其厚度不均匀，因此在其厚度不同的位置处具有不同的反射角度，利用这个不同的反射角度，可以将外侧玻璃层1和内侧玻璃层2所形成的两个成像最终聚焦到一个位置上，从而仅形成一个清晰的成像。然而，由于形成截面为楔形的PVB膜3对成型工艺的要求较高，工艺相对复杂，因此导致该膜的制造成本的提高。目前市场上截面为楔形的PVB膜的售价远远高于普通的厚度均匀的PVB膜，有的楔形PVB膜的售价是普通PVB膜的售价的8倍左右。而且，一旦驾驶员看向屏幕的角度偏离了PVB膜的调整角度，“鬼影”又将不可避免的出现。
基于上述问题，本发明提供了一种用于实现HUD功能的夹层玻璃，内侧玻璃层和外侧玻璃层中至少一个远离PVB膜的一侧设有反射膜，此时内侧玻璃层和外侧玻璃层之间的PVB膜可采用厚度均匀的PVB膜。
在实际使用中，可以认为，内侧玻璃层远离PVB膜的一侧即为内侧玻璃层的内侧，外侧玻璃层远离PVB膜的一侧即为外侧玻璃层的外侧。反射膜可以选择增反射层和/或减反射层，此处的增反射层和减反射层都是可以从市场上购买得到的或者通过本领域常规方法制备得到的。增反射层可以用例如溶胶凝胶法制备氧化物镀膜液，然后用辊涂、喷涂等方法将镀膜液均匀涂在玻璃表面，之后随玻璃一起热弯，或者钢化。也可以采用湿化学法、蒸镀、或溅射方法制备。增反射层的材料可从氧化钛、氧化钡等氧化物中选择。
减反射层可以是多孔氧化硅层，制备方法可以是：将10-20nm的氧化硅溶胶利用辊涂均匀在玻璃表面，之后随玻璃一起热弯，或者钢化。
图2示意性地示出了根据本发明的用于实现HUD功能的夹层玻璃的截面图，其中，内侧玻璃层12和外侧玻璃层11之间为厚度均匀的PVB膜13。具体地，PVB膜13可选用市场上常见的厚度均匀的普通PVB膜。该PVB膜的厚度优选地为0.76mm，其它适当厚度的PVB膜也可适用。并且其中，反射膜14设置在外侧玻璃层11的外侧上。反射膜14可以是减反射层，也可以是增反射层。并且反射膜14可以是多层的反射膜，也可以是单层的反射膜。外侧玻璃层11的厚度可以为2.1mm、1.8mm或1.6mm。内侧玻璃层的厚度可以为2.1mm、1.8mm或1.6mm。当然，也可以选择其它适当厚度的内、外侧的玻璃层。当反射膜14是减反射层时，夹层玻璃用于实现HUD功能的基本原理如下：当投影仪(未示出)将光投射在夹层玻璃上时，由于外侧玻璃层上设置有减反射层，因此投射在外侧玻璃层外侧上的反射光被减弱，优选地，反射率可以从4％减弱至0.5％，即减弱了8倍。因此，外侧玻璃层所形成的成像的亮度很微弱，几乎可以被忽略。而内侧玻璃层上的光正常反射，因此其所形成的成像的亮度是正常的且清晰的。因此，即使当外侧玻璃层反射所形成的亮度微弱的成像和内侧玻璃层反射所形成的亮度正常的成像并不显示在同一位置，由于两个成像的亮度相差非常大，亮度微弱的成像几乎可以被忽略，因此驾驶员在观看所显示的屏幕时，仅会注意到由内侧玻璃层所反射形成的成像，并能清楚地看出该成像中所显示的信息，而不会受到外侧玻璃层所形成的亮度微弱的成像的干扰。当反射膜14是增反射层时，夹层玻璃用于实现HUD功能的基本原理如下：当投影仪(未示出)将光投射在夹层玻璃上时，由于外侧玻璃层上设置有增反射玻璃层，因此外侧玻璃层上的反射光被增强，优选地，可以从4％增强至8％，即增强了2倍，因此其所形成的成像的亮度非常高，远亮于内侧玻璃层反射所形成的成像亮度。因此，由于两个成像的亮度上的显著差别，驾驶员在观看所显示的屏幕时，一般会注意到由外侧玻璃层所显示的亮度很高的成像，而不会受到内侧玻璃层所形成的成像的干扰。
图3示意性地示出了根据本发明的用于实现HUD功能的夹层玻璃的截面图，其中内侧玻璃层22和外侧玻璃层21之间为厚度均匀的PVB膜23，并且其中在内侧玻璃层22的内侧上设置有反射膜24。其中，PVB膜23可选用市场上常见的厚度均匀的普通PVB膜。PVB膜厚度优选地为0.76mm，其它适当厚度也可适用。外侧玻璃层21和内侧玻璃层22的厚度均可以为2.1mm、1.8mm或1.6mm。当然，也可以选择其它适当厚度的内、外侧的玻璃层。具体地，反射膜24可以是减反射层，也可以是增反射层。并且，反射膜24可以是多层的反射膜，也可以是单层的反射膜。当反射膜24是减反射层时，夹层玻璃用于实现HUD功能的基本原理如下：当投影仪(未示出)将光投射在夹层玻璃上时，由于内侧玻璃层22的内侧设置有减反射层，因此内侧玻璃层22上的反射光被减弱，优选地，可以从4％减弱至0.1％，即减弱了40倍，因此其所形成的成像的亮度很微弱，可以被忽略。而外侧玻璃层21上的光正常反射，因此其所形成的成像的亮度是正常的且清晰的。因此，即使当外侧玻璃层反射所形成的亮度正常的成像和内侧玻璃层反射所形成的亮度微弱的成像并不显示在同一位置，由于两个成像的亮度相差非常大，亮度非常微弱的成像可以被忽略，因此驾驶员在观看所显示的屏幕时，仅会注意到由内侧玻璃层所显示的亮度正常的成像，并能清楚地看出该成像中所显示的信息，而不会受到外侧玻璃层所形成的亮度微弱的成像的干扰。当反射膜24是增反射层时，夹层玻璃用于实现HUD功能的基本原理如下：当投影仪(未示出)将光投射在夹层玻璃上时，由于内侧玻璃层22内侧设置有增反射玻璃层，因此投射在内侧玻璃层22上的反射光被大大地增强，优选地，可以从4％增强至9％，即增强了2倍多，因此其所形成的成像亮度很高，远亮于外侧玻璃层反射所形成的成像亮度。因此，由于两个成像的亮度上的显著差别，驾驶员在观看所显示的屏幕时，一般会注意到由内侧玻璃层所显示的亮度很高的成像，而不会受到外侧玻璃层所形成的成像的干扰。在本实施方式中，当反射膜24为增反射层且设置在内侧玻璃层22的内侧时，在透明玻璃上测得的成像的模糊值为0.48，在绿玻璃上测得的成像的模糊值为0.4。
图4示意性地示出了根据本发明的用于实现HUD功能的夹层玻璃的截面图，其中内侧玻璃层和外侧玻璃层之间为厚度均匀的PVB膜，并且其中，在外侧玻璃层的外侧以及内侧玻璃层的内侧上均设置有反射膜。其中，PVB膜33可选用市场上常见的厚度均匀的普通PVB膜。PVB膜厚度优选地为0.76mm，其它适当厚度也可适用。外侧玻璃层11的厚度可以为2.1mm、1.8mm或1.6mm。内侧玻璃层的厚度可以为2.1mm、1.8mm或1.6mm。当然，也可以选择其它适当厚度的内、外侧的玻璃层。其中，在外层玻璃层31外侧的反射膜34可以是减反射层或增反射层，在内层玻璃层内侧32的反射膜34’则是与反射膜34在功能上相反的增反射层或减反射层。当反射膜34是减反射层，反射膜34’是增反射层时，夹层玻璃用于实现HUD功能的基本原理如下：当投影仪(未示出)将光投射在夹层玻璃上时，由于外侧玻璃层上设置有减反射层，因此投射在外侧玻璃层外侧上的反射光被减弱，优选地，可以从4％减弱至0.5％甚至0.1％，即减弱了8倍以上，因此其所形成的成像的亮度很微弱，几乎可以被忽略。而由于内侧玻璃层32上设置有增反射层，因此投射在内侧玻璃层32内侧上的反射光被增强，优选地，可以从4％增强至8％直至9％，即增强了2倍以上。因此，即使当外侧玻璃层31反射所形成的亮度微弱的成像和内侧玻璃层32反射所形成的亮度正常的成像并不显示在同一位置，由于两个成像的亮度相差非常大，即相差有16倍以上的亮度，因此亮度被减弱的成像在亮度被增强的成像下，可忽略不计。当驾驶员在观看所显示的屏幕时，仅会注意到由内侧玻璃层反射形成的成像，并能清楚地看出该成像中所显示的信息，而不会受到外侧玻璃层所形成的亮度微弱的成像的干扰。当反射膜34是增反射层，反射膜34’是减反射层时，情况也是类似的。综上，应当理解的是，上述描述的实施方式仅用于描述而非限制本发明，本领域技术人员可以理解，可以对本发明进行修改和变形，只要不偏离本发明的精神和范围。上述的修改和变形被认为是本发明和所附权利要求的范围。本发明的保护范围由所附的权利要求所限定。此外，权利要求中的任何附图标记不应被理解为对发明的限制。动词“包括”和其变形不排除出现权利要求中声明以外的其他的元件或步骤。在元件或步骤之前的不定冠词“一”不排除出现多个这样的元件或步骤。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于实现HUD功能的夹层玻璃，所述夹层玻璃包括：
外侧玻璃层；
内侧玻璃层；
位于所述外侧玻璃层和所述内侧玻璃层之间的PVB膜；
其中所述PVB膜为厚度均匀的PVB膜，所述外侧玻璃层和内侧玻璃层中至少一个远离PVB膜的一侧设有反射膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃，其中，所述反射膜仅设置在所述外侧玻璃层的远离PVB膜的一侧。
3.根据权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃，其中，所述反射膜仅设置在所述内侧玻璃层的远离PVB膜的一侧。
4.根据权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃，其中，在外侧玻璃层远离PVB膜的一侧以及内侧玻璃层远离PVB膜的一侧均设置有所述反射膜。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的夹层玻璃，其中，所述反射膜是增反射层或减反射层，所述增反射层适于增大投射到设置该增反射层的玻璃层的光的反射率，所述减反射层适于减小投射到设置该减反射层的玻璃层的光的反射率。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的夹层玻璃，其中，所述反射膜中的一个为增反射层，另一个为减反射层。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的夹层玻璃，其中，所述反射膜是单层反射层或多层反射层。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的夹层玻璃，其中，所述增反射层使得投射到设置该增反射层的玻璃层的光的反射率达到6-9％，优选为9％。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的夹层玻璃，其中，所述减反射层使得投射到设置该减反射层的玻璃层的光的反射率达到0.1-1％，优选为0.1％。
10.一种车辆的前挡玻璃，所述前挡玻璃采用如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的夹层玻璃。
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MX2019011394A MX2019011394A (es) 2017-03-31 2018-03-27 Vidrio laminado para implementar la funcion de hud.
US16/498,916 US20210088783A1 (en) 2017-03-31 2018-03-27 Laminated glass for implementing hud function
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RU2019134612A RU2019134612A (ru) 2017-03-31 2018-03-27 Многослойное стекло для исполнения hud-функции
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