CN108655721B - Device for precisely straightening linear guide rail and application method thereof - Google Patents
Device for precisely straightening linear guide rail and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for precisely straightening a linear guide rail and a use method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of guide rail installation. The device comprises a base, a linear guide rail, a sliding block, a marble Dan Pingche, a dial indicator and a guide rail straightener; the marble leveling ruler is positioned at the middle groove position of the base; the upper surface of the base is provided with a guide rail mounting surface; the linear guide rail is fixed on the guide rail mounting surface through bolts; the sliding block is connected to the linear guide rail in a sliding way; the dial indicator is connected to the top of the sliding block; the guide rail straightener comprises an eccentric shaft bolt and a top block; one side of the top block is propped against the outer side of the linear guide rail; the top block is connected with the base through an eccentric shaft bolt; the invention can solve the problems of the decrease of the installation precision of the linear guide rail, the increase of the blocking of each shaft in the movement and the unsmooth movement; the precision long-term retention of each operation shaft of the machine tool is improved, and the requirements of a high-speed and high-precision numerical control machine tool are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of guide rail installation, and particularly relates to a device for precisely straightening a linear guide rail and a use method thereof.
Background
The linear guide rail of each shaft is arranged on the installation surface of the linear guide rail in a group mode on a machine tool, and the installation accuracy of the linear guide rail mainly depends on the straightness of the installation of the linear guide rail and the parallelism of the two linear guide rails; the installation mode of the two linear guide rails is incorrect, and the linear guide rails can be blocked during operation, so that the transmission precision and the positioning precision are affected. Therefore, the installation of the linear guide is particularly important for a numerical control machine requiring high-speed and high-precision transmission. The assembly requirements of the high-speed and high-precision transmission numerical control machine tool on the linear guide rail are as follows: the straightness of the linear guide rail and the parallelism of the two linear guide rails are controlled within 0.005 mm.
At present, the installation mode of the linear guide rail comprises the following steps: 1. placing the linear guide rail on a guide rail mounting surface, and fixing the linear guide rail on the guide rail mounting surface by using bolts; 2. pushing the linear guide rail onto the lateral positioning surface of the linear guide rail by using a linear guide rail pressing block at the position of the bolt hole on each linear guide rail, so that the linear guide rail and the lateral positioning surface of the linear guide rail are completely covered; 3. and then the bolts on the linear guide rail are screwed down according to the specified torque and the sequence. The main defects of the installation mode are as follows: the accuracy of the positioning surface of the linear guide rail is not available by machine tool processing, so that the processed linearity and parallelism errors are directly copied to the linear guide rail, that is to say, the installation accuracy of the linear guide rail depends on the processing accuracy of the guide rail installation surface, the machine tool master machine displays the accuracy of the processed guide rail installation surface when processing the guide rail installation surface due to the errors, and further the processing errors of the guide rail installation surface are copied to the linear guide rail installation accuracy in the process of installing the linear guide rail; therefore, it is difficult to manufacture a high-speed and high-precision-transmission numerical control machine tool.
In order to obtain a linear guide rail with high installation accuracy, namely, the straightness of the linear guide rail and the parallelism of two guide rails are controlled within 0.005mm, chinese patent No. 201120096749.2 discloses a linear guide rail installation positioning mechanism, which comprises a linear guide rail, a guide rail screw positioned on the guide rail and a positioning wedge block in a positioning groove at one side of the guide rail, and is characterized in that: the gap between the base mounting base surface and the corresponding guide rail mounting base surface is filled with positioning colloid. The technical scheme replaces the traditional linear guide rail installation and positioning technology and structure, and the technology is applied to the production of the numerical control internal round end surface grinding machine, so that the requirement on the precision of process equipment in the process of processing the base installation base surface is solved. However, the scheme has higher requirements on the positioning colloid, needs multiple times of time replacement, has low long-term maintainability and increases the installation cost and the labor cost; in addition, during installation, the positioning glue needs to be solidified for about 24 hours at room temperature, and then the positioning wedge block is installed, so that the installation and alignment time is greatly increased, the installation and alignment efficiency is low, and a plurality of inconveniences exist in use.
For example, the chinese patent No. 201710736738.8 discloses a high-precision guide rail straightness calibration structure and a method thereof, the high-precision guide rail straightness calibration structure comprises a base, a marble parallel ruler, a guide rail, a sliding block, a wedge block, a tightening block, an adjusting screw and a fixing screw, wherein the marble parallel ruler is arranged on one side of the base, the base is provided with a mounting groove and an adjusting groove connected with the mounting groove, the guide rail is locked in the mounting groove through the fixing screw, the guide rail is tightly attached to the side wall of the mounting groove, the sliding block is slidably arranged on the guide rail, a dial indicator for calibrating the guide rail straightness is arranged at the top of the sliding block, the wedge block and the tightening block are both arranged in the adjusting groove, one end face of the tightening block is propped against the guide rail, the other end face of the tightening block is propped against one end face of the wedge block, and the other end face of the wedge block is tightly attached to the side wall of the adjusting groove. The calibrating structure has low requirements on the side surface of the machined workpiece, the straightness of the guide rail can be represented by data, and the calibrating structure is suitable for a machine tool with high precision requirements. However, when the linear guide rail at the corresponding point is adjusted, the tightening degree of the adjusting screw needs to be adjusted to enable the tightening block to ascend or descend, if the adjusting screw is too loose, the adjusting precision is low, the effective alignment adjustment of each position point of the linear guide rail cannot be ensured, the alignment purpose is difficult to achieve, the reliability is not high, the guide rail is tightly attached to the side wall of the mounting groove, the adjusting range cannot be too large, the enough space for adjusting each position point of the linear guide rail cannot be ensured, the position processing precision requirement on the threaded hole is high, and the processing cost is increased; in addition, the linear guide rail of each shaft adopts a group installation form on a machine tool, and the scheme does not control the parallelism of the two linear guide rails, so that the solution is not thorough.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Problems to be solved
Aiming at the problems of low precision long-term retention, low reliability and low straightening and adjusting precision and straightening and adjusting effectiveness caused by over-loosening of an adjusting screw in the prior art, the invention provides a device for precisely straightening a linear guide rail and a use method thereof, which solve the problems of low mounting precision of the linear guide rail, increased blocking of each shaft in movement and unsmooth movement; the long-term maintenance of the precision of each operation shaft of the machine tool is improved, the requirements of the numerical control machine tool with high-speed and high-precision transmission are met, the working reliability is improved, and the advantages of high precision, quick response and the like of the machine tool under the condition of quick operation can be fully exerted.
2. Technical proposal
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a device for precisely straightening a linear guide rail comprises a base, a linear guide rail and a plurality of guide rail straighteners; the upper surface of the base is provided with a guide rail platform; the guide rail platform is provided with a guide rail mounting surface and a guide rail lateral surface which is vertically connected with the guide rail mounting surface; the linear guide rail is fixed on the guide rail mounting surface; the guide rail straighteners are arranged on the guide rail mounting surface at the outer side of the linear guide rail and are connected into a row along the length direction of the linear guide rail; the guide rail straightener comprises an eccentric adjuster and a top block with a positioning surface; the eccentric adjuster is used for driving the top block to horizontally displace, so that the positioning surface of the top block presses or releases the outer side surface of the linear guide rail; and a gap is formed between the inner side surface of the linear guide rail and the lateral surface of the guide rail.
Preferably, the eccentric adjuster is an eccentric shaft bolt comprising a head section and a screw section, the axes of the head section and the screw section having an eccentricity; the top block is provided with a central hole; the eccentric shaft bolt penetrates through the center hole of the top block, the head section is matched with the center hole, and the screw rod section is screwed into the threaded hole on the guide rail mounting surface.
Preferably, a gap of 2-2.6 mm is left between the linear guide rail and the lateral surface of the guide rail.
Preferably, the number of the guide rail platforms is two, and the guide rail platforms are respectively positioned at two opposite sides of the base; a marble Dan Pingche is arranged between the two guide rail platforms.
Preferably, both ends of the marble leveling rod are each supported by one contour pad and maintained horizontal.
Preferably, two sides of the marble Dan Pingche, which are opposite to the guide rail platform, are detection surfaces; the detection surface is parallel to the lateral surface of the guide rail.
Preferably, the head section of the eccentric shaft bolt has a square countersink or a hexagonal countersink.
Preferably, the linear guide rail is provided with a sliding block; the dial indicator is arranged on the sliding block through the magnetic meter frame.
The application method of the precise alignment linear guide rail device comprises the following steps:
1. preparation before straightening: the front end and the rear end of the lateral surface of the guide rail are taken as base points, and the positions of the two ends of the marble flat ruler are calibrated by a dial indicator, so that the detection surface of the marble flat ruler is basically parallel to the lateral surface of the guide rail;
2. straightening:
a. the linear guide rail is placed on the guide rail mounting surface, the linear guide rail is pre-fastened and fixed by bolts, and the clearance between the linear guide rail and the guide rail lateral surface is ensured to be about 2mm;
b. the linear guide rail is provided with a sliding block; the sliding block is provided with a dial gauge through a magnetic gauge stand; the measuring end of the dial indicator contacts the detection surface of the marble leveling rod and is pressed; the linear guide rail is moved by taking the corrected marble leveling ruler as a reference, and the straightness error of the linear guide rail at each point position is reflected by the numerical value difference of the dial indicator;
c. the numerical value difference of each point of the linear guide rail is straightened by a straight guide rail straightener, and the tightness degree of the positioning surface of the jacking block, which is tightly pressed by the linear guide rail, is regulated by screwing the eccentric shaft bolt according to the numerical value displayed by the dial indicator on each point, so that when the sliding block is positioned on each point of the linear guide rail, the pointer on the dial indicator always aims at the same scale; and then the pre-tightening bolt for fixing the linear guide rail is completely screwed.
The application method of the installation positioning device of the linear guide rail is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the two guide rail platforms are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the base, two detection surfaces of the marble leveling ruler are parallel, and the linear guide rail on the other side is accurately aligned by repeating the steps a-c with the marble leveling ruler as a reference.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the special guide rail straightener adopted by the invention, the positions of each point of the linear guide rail can be adjusted through ingenious matching of the eccentric shaft bolt and the ejector block, wherein after the screw rod section on the eccentric shaft bolt passes through the ejector block, the screw rod section is connected with the base through the threaded hole on the base, the head section is positioned in the central hole on the ejector block, the eccentric shaft bolt is rotated, so that transverse displacement of the ejector block can be realized, in the adjustment process, the eccentric shaft bolt can be ensured to be in a screwed state, then in the condition that the rotation angle is not more than 180 degrees, the adjustment of the maximum range is realized, the vibration generated by the machine tool spindle is the main cause of reducing the long-term retention of the shaft precision in the working process, the vibration can cause the straightening device to start tiny vibration when being transmitted to the linear guide rail, and if the scheme of adjusting the tightness degree of the adjusting screw is adjusted through adjusting the tightness of the adjusting screw is adopted by adopting the traditional wedge block and the tight straightening matching structure, the adjusting screw is too loose, so that the straightening device starts larger vibration is generated, and the displacement deviation is larger; compared with the scheme that the tightness degree of the wedge block and the tightly-propped straightening matching structure is adjusted by adjusting the tightness degree of the adjusting screw, the guide rail straightener provided by the invention can effectively avoid the occurrence of low straightening adjustment precision and low straightening adjustment effectiveness caused by over-loosening of the adjusting screw, and the matching tightness degree of the screw rod section and the threaded hole is almost unchanged in the straightening adjustment process, so that a very large supporting force of the jacking block can be provided, and the straightening adjustment precision and the straightening adjustment effectiveness are improved; the problems that the installation precision of the linear guide rail is reduced, the blocking of each shaft is increased in the movement and the movement is not smooth are solved, the requirements of a high-speed and high-precision transmission numerical control machine tool are met, and in the straightening and adjusting process, the offset direction of the screw section and the head section of the eccentric shaft bolt is controlled to be close to the angle of the side surface of the linear guide rail, so that the long-term maintenance of the precision of each operation shaft of the machine tool is greatly improved;
(2) According to the invention, the clearance between the side surfaces of the linear guide rail and the guide rail is controlled to be more than 2mm, so that the occurrence of direct copying of the precision of the positioning surface of the linear guide rail to the linear guide rail due to processing errors can be avoided, and sufficient straightening adjustment space is provided;
(3) The linear guide rail of each shaft is arranged in a group on a machine tool, the installation accuracy of the linear guide rail mainly depends on the straightness of the installation of the linear guide rail and the parallelism of the two linear guide rails, and the two opposite sides of the marble leveling rod used by the invention are detection surfaces and parallel to the lateral surfaces of the guide rail, and the same reference is adopted when the alignment adjustment of the linear guide rail at the other side is carried out, so that the installation straightness of the linear guide rail is improved, and the installation parallelism of the two linear guide rails is also improved; the problems of reduced installation precision of the linear guide rail, increased blocking of each shaft in movement and unsmooth movement are well solved, the long-term maintenance of the precision of each operating shaft of the machine tool is improved, and the requirements of a high-speed and high-precision numerical control machine tool are met;
(4) According to the use method provided by the invention, the marble leveling ruler is used as a unified reference, the detection data of each point on the linear guide rail is displayed through the dial indicator, and then the linear guide rail straightener is used for precisely adjusting each point, so that the straightness and parallelism of the two linear guide rails are within 0.005mm, and finally the problem that the linear guide rails are difficult to install with high precision is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of a precisely aligned linear guide assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the precisely aligned linear guide assembly of the present invention, A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a rail straightener in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a rail straightener of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the rail straightener of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic distribution diagram of a rail straightener in accordance with the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a base; 101. a guide rail mounting surface; 102. a guide rail lateral surface; 2. a linear guide rail; 3. a slide block; 4. a guide rail straightener; 401. an eccentric shaft bolt; 402. a top block; 5. a contour pad; 6. marble Dan Pingche; 7. a dial gauge; 8. a magnetic stand.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below in connection with specific embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the device for precisely aligning a linear guide rail of the present embodiment mainly includes a base 1, a linear guide rail 2, a plurality of guide rail aligners 4, a marble leveling rod 6, a dial indicator 7, and a magnetic gauge stand 8. Wherein, the base 1 is used as a basic component for bearing other parts and is provided with a guide rail platform; the guide rail platform is provided with a guide rail mounting surface 101 and a guide rail lateral surface 102 which is perpendicular to the guide rail mounting surface 101; the linear guide rail 2 is fixed on the guide rail mounting surface 101; the linear guide rail 2 is provided with a sliding block 3; the dial indicator 7 is arranged on the sliding block 3 through the magnetic gauge stand 8; the plurality of guide rail straighteners 4 are arranged on the guide rail mounting surface 101 at the outer side of the linear guide rail 2 and are connected in a row along the length direction of the linear guide rail 2; the guide rail straightener 4 comprises an eccentric adjuster and a top block 402 with a positioning surface; the eccentric adjuster is used for driving the top block 402 to horizontally displace, so that the positioning surface of the top block 402 presses or releases the outer side surface of the linear guide rail 2; a gap is formed between the inner side surface of the linear guide rail 2 and the guide rail lateral surface 102; compared with the existing mounting mode that the side surface of the front linear guide rail 2 is tightly attached to the side surface 102 of the guide rail, the machining error of the side surface 102 of the guide rail can be prevented from being copied to the mounting precision of the linear guide rail 2, and the driving top block 402 can be driven by the eccentric adjuster to generate horizontal displacement to straighten and adjust the linear guide rail 2.
As shown in fig. 3 to 5, the eccentric adjuster is an eccentric shaft bolt 401, which comprises a head section and a screw section, wherein the axes of the head section and the screw section have eccentric distances; the head section is provided with four corner countersunk holes or six corner countersunk holes; so as to facilitate a worker to use a tool to twist the eccentric shaft bolt 401; the top block 402 is provided with a central hole; the eccentric shaft bolt 401 penetrates through the center hole of the top block 402, the head section is matched with the center hole, and the screw rod section is screwed into the threaded hole on the guide rail mounting surface 101. The eccentric shaft bolt 401 and the top block 402 are mutually and skillfully matched, so that the positions of each point of the linear guide rail 2 can be adjusted, wherein after the screw rod section on the eccentric shaft bolt 401 passes through the top block 402, the screw rod section is connected with the base 1 through the threaded hole on the base 1, the head section is positioned in the central hole on the top block 402, the eccentric shaft bolt 401 is rotated, the transverse displacement of the top block 402 can be realized, in the adjusting process, the eccentric shaft bolt 401 can be ensured to be in a screwed state, then the maximum range of adjustment is realized under the condition that the rotating angle is not more than 180 degrees, the vibration generated by a machine tool spindle is the main cause of reducing the long-term retention of the shaft precision in the working process, the vibration can cause the straightening device to start tiny vibration when being transmitted to the linear guide rail 2, and if the scheme that the tightness degree of the adjusting screw is adjusted through adjusting the tightness degree of the adjusting screw is adopted by adopting the traditional wedge and the tight straightening matching structure, the adjusting screw is too loose, so that the straightening device starts larger vibration is caused, and the generated displacement deviation is larger; compared with the scheme that the straightening matching structure of the wedge block and the jacking block adopted in the prior art is adjusted by adjusting the tightness degree of the adjusting screw, the guide rail straightener 4 disclosed by the embodiment can effectively avoid the low straightening adjustment precision and low straightening adjustment effectiveness caused by over loosening of the adjusting screw, and in the straightening adjustment process, the matching tightness degree of the screw rod section and the threaded hole is almost unchanged, so that the supporting force of the jacking block 402 is greatly improved, and the straightening adjustment precision and the straightening adjustment effectiveness are improved; the straightness of the linear guide rail 2 is improved, the requirement of a high-speed and high-precision transmission numerical control machine tool is met, and in the straightening and adjusting process, the offset direction of the screw section and the head section of the eccentric shaft bolt 401 is controlled to be close to the angle of the side face of the linear guide rail 2, so that the long-term maintainability of the precision of each operation shaft of the machine tool is greatly improved.
A gap of 2-2.6 mm is reserved between the linear guide rail 2 and the guide rail lateral surface 102; the occurrence of direct copying of the precision of the positioning surface of the linear guide rail 2 to the linear guide rail due to processing errors can be avoided, sufficient straightening and adjusting space is provided, but the existing structural design has limited reserved space, and if the existing structural design is too large, the existing structure is required to be subjected to large-scale design change, so that unnecessary cost is increased; in combination with the guide rail straightener 4, the eccentric shaft bolts 401 are screwed according to the deviation of the positions of the points on the linear guide rail 2 displayed on the dial indicator, so that the positions of the points on the linear guide rail 2 are straightened, the adjustment range is wide, the structure is ingenious, and the reliability is high.
The guide rail platforms are two and are respectively positioned at two opposite sides of the base 1; a groove is arranged between the two guide rail platforms, and the marble leveling rod 6 is positioned at the bottom of the groove; the two opposite sides of the marble leveling rod 6 and the guide rail platform are detection surfaces; the detection surface is parallel to the guide rail lateral surface 102; the two ends of the marble leveling rod 6 are respectively supported by a contour pad 5 and kept level; the marble ruler 6 is positioned at a proper height, and when the measurement is carried out, the measuring surface of the marble ruler 6 is in good contact with the contact end of the dial indicator 7, so that the measurement error is reduced.
Because the linear guide rail 2 of each shaft on the machine tool adopts a group installation form on the machine tool, the installation precision of the linear guide rail 2 mainly depends on the straightness of the installation of the linear guide rail 2 and the parallelism of the two linear guide rails 2, and the opposite sides of the marble leveling rod 6 adopted by the invention are detection surfaces and are parallel to the lateral surfaces 102 of the guide rails, when the straightening adjustment of the linear guide rail 2 on the other side is carried out, the same standard is adopted, the installation straightness of the linear guide rail 2 is improved, and meanwhile, the installation parallelism of the two linear guide rails 2 is also improved, so that the problems of the reduction of the installation precision of the linear guide rail 2, the increase of the blocking of each shaft in the movement and the unsmooth movement are well solved, the long-term maintenance of the precision of each operation shaft of the machine tool is improved, and the requirements of a high-speed and high-precision numerical control machine tool are met. After the installation mode is adopted, the straightness and the parallelism of the two linear guide rails 2 are detected to be within 0.005mm after the installation is finished; after the machine tool works continuously for 750 hours under high strength and full load, the change of the machining precision of the main shaft is always kept within 7 percent, and the machining requirement of the high-precision machine tool is always met; the straightness and parallelism of the linear guide rail 2 are kept within 0.005mm, and the use requirements of a high-speed and high-precision numerical control machine tool are still met; compared with the prior art, the precision long-term retention of each motion axis of the machine tool is improved by 36%, and the working reliability is improved.
Example 2
A method for using a device for precisely aligning linear guide rails, which is described in embodiment 1, is described below as a specific operation for aligning the straightness of a single linear guide rail 2 and the parallelism of two linear guide rails 2.
The application method of the precise alignment linear guide rail device comprises the following steps:
1. preparation before straightening: the method comprises the steps of using the front end and the rear end of a guide rail lateral surface 102 as base points, using a micrometer 7 to calibrate the positions of the two ends of a marble leveling rod 6, using the front end and the rear end of the guide rail lateral surface 102 as base points, installing the micrometer 7 on the front end of the guide rail lateral surface 102 through a magnetic gauge stand 8, enabling a measuring end of the micrometer 7 to be in contact with a detection surface of the marble leveling rod 6, recording the numerical value s1 of the micrometer 7, installing the micrometer 7 on the rear end of the guide rail lateral surface 102, enabling the measuring end of the micrometer 7 to be in contact with the detection surface of the marble leveling rod 6, adjusting the marble Dan Pingche according to the numerical value of the micrometer 7, enabling the numerical value of the micrometer 7 to be consistent with the numerical value s1, and enabling the detection surface of the marble leveling rod 6 to be basically parallel to the guide rail lateral surface 102.
2. Straightening: a. the linear guide rail 2 is placed on the guide rail mounting surface 101, the linear guide rail 2 is pre-tensioned and fixed by bolts, the clearance between the linear guide rail 2 and the guide rail lateral surface 102 is ensured to be about 2-2.6 mm, sufficient straightening adjustment space is provided, but the existing structure design reserve space cannot be too large, the existing structure design reserve space is limited, and if the existing structure design change is required to be carried out in a large range if the existing structure design reserve space is too large, the unnecessary cost is increased.
b. The measuring end of the dial indicator 7 contacts the detection surface of the marble leveling rod 6 and is pressed; the linear guide rail 2 is moved by taking the corrected marble leveling rod 6 as a reference, and the straightness error of each point position of the linear guide rail 2 is reflected by the numerical value difference of the dial indicator 7.
c. The numerical value difference of each point position of the linear guide rail 2 is straightened by the linear guide rail straightener 4, and the tightness degree of the positioning surface of the jacking block 402 for compacting the linear guide rail 2 is regulated by screwing the eccentric shaft bolt 401 according to the numerical value displayed by the dial indicator 7 on each point position, so that when the sliding block 3 is positioned on each point position of the linear guide rail 2, the pointer on the dial indicator 7 always aims at the same scale; the pretensioning bolts of the fixed linear guide rail 2 are then fully tightened in sequence with a predetermined torque.
d. And (c) repeating the steps a-c to precisely straighten the linear guide rail 2 on the other side by taking the marble leveling rod 6 as a reference.
Therefore, the use method of the precise straightening linear guide rail device can accurately install the linear guide rail conveniently and rapidly, and is simple to operate.
Example 3
The embodiment discloses a method for using a precise alignment linear guide rail device, which is similar to embodiment 2, and has the following improvement points: in the process of installation and alignment adjustment, according to the numerical value displayed by the dial indicator 7 at each point, the eccentric shaft bolt 401 is screwed to tightly or loosely adjust the contact degree between the positioning surface on the top block 402 and the side surface of the linear guide rail 2, so that the numerical value difference at the position on the linear guide rail 2 is finely adjusted within the same numerical value range; then, the installation error of the next position of the linear guide rail 2 is calibrated, and the error may be generated again at the previous position due to the mutual interference of the two guide rail straighteners 4 and the action of the internal stress of the linear guide rail 2, so that the position of the linear guide rail 2 is returned, the eccentric shaft bolt 401 is screwed to enable the positioning surface on the top block 402 to move away from the direction of the linear guide rail 2, the eccentric shaft bolt 401 is screwed until the positioning surface on the top block 402 is screwed again the linear guide rail 2, the numerical value difference of the position on the linear guide rail 2 is finely adjusted within the same numerical value range, and the installation error straightening of the position on the linear guide rail 2 is completed.
Example 4
In the prior art, the installation accuracy of the linear guide rail 2 is mainly realized by a means of increasing the alignment points of the guide railBut the production and processing cost is higher, the installation and the straightening adjustment process are complicated, the straightening device of each guide rail straightening point is required to be adjusted, the installation and straightening adjustment time is greatly increased, the efficiency is lower, and the excessive straightening devices can interfere with each other, so that the adjustment effectiveness is lower, and the time cost is greatly increased; however, if the arrangement density of the straightening device is too small, along with the full-load operation of the linear guide rail 2, when the generated vibration of the main shaft of the machine tool is transmitted to the linear guide rail 2 in the operation process, the vibration damage of the straightening device is caused, the long-term maintenance of the shaft precision is difficult to ensure, and the reliability is low; therefore, in order to ensure the installation accuracy of the linear guide rail 2, ensure the long-term maintenance of the shaft accuracy, improve the reliability, reduce the time for installation and alignment, and improve the installation efficiency, the method becomes an urgent problem to be solved; according to a large number of experiments, if the straightening devices are unevenly arranged, unexpected effects can be achieved, vibration generated by a machine tool spindle is a main reason for reducing long-term retention of shaft precision in the working process, when the vibration is transmitted to the linear guide rail 2, the straightening devices can be caused to start vibrating, wherein the vibration damage generated by the middle section position of the linear guide rail 2 is maximum due to the fact that the middle section position has concentrated residual stress, the same vibration degree, more straightening devices are needed to be arranged at the middle section position to meet the use requirements, and when the straightening devices are arranged, if the straightening of the mounting precision of the middle section position of the linear guide rail 2 is better, the two ends of the straightening devices are only needed to be arranged, so that the mounting precision can be ensured. Based on this, the present embodiment proposes an innovative arrangement manner of the guide rail aligners 4, as shown in fig. 6, where the plurality of guide rail aligners 4 are unevenly and symmetrically arranged along the length direction of two ends of the linear guide rail 2 with the guide rail aligners 4 disposed in the middle position of the linear guide rail 2 as starting points; wherein, the distance between two adjacent guide rail straighteners 4 is d from the middle to two ends of the linear guide rail 2 0 、d 1 、d 2 ......d n-1 、d n The series of the components are in an equal increment series with the tolerance of 2mm and are nearest to the midpoint position of the guide rail straightener 4Distance d between two adjacent rail straighteners 4 0 At 10mm, their relationship satisfies: d, d n ＝10+2n。
The existing experimental machine tool adopts the installation mode of the implementation, after the installation is completed, the straightness and the parallelism of the two linear guide rails 2 are detected to be 0.003mm and 0.002mm respectively; the installation accuracy of the linear guide rail 2 is greatly improved; after the continuous 750-hour full-load strength test, the straightness and parallelism of the linear guide rails 2 on the machine tool spindle are detected, the straightness and parallelism of the two linear guide rails 2 are found to be 0.004mm and 0.005mm respectively, the installation accuracy of the linear guide rails 2 still meets the use requirements of the high-speed and high-accuracy numerical control machine tool, the long-term maintainability of the accuracy of each movement axis of the machine tool is ensured, and the installation straightening time is reduced to 3 hours from about 5 hours originally, so that the installation time is greatly reduced.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be limited to the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A device for precisely straightening a linear guide rail comprises a base (1) and a linear guide rail (2); a guide rail platform is arranged on the base (1); the guide rail platform is provided with a guide rail mounting surface (101) and a guide rail lateral surface (102) perpendicular to the guide rail mounting surface (101); the linear guide rail (2) is fixed on the guide rail mounting surface (101); the method is characterized in that: the linear guide rail straightening device further comprises a plurality of guide rail straighteners (4), wherein the plurality of guide rail straighteners (4) are arranged on a guide rail mounting surface (101) at the outer side of the linear guide rail (2) and are connected in a row along the length direction of the linear guide rail (2); the guide rail straightener (4) comprises an eccentric adjuster and a top block (402) with a positioning surface; the eccentric adjuster is used for driving the top block (402) to horizontally displace so that the positioning surface of the top block (402) presses or releases the outer side of the linear guide rail (2)A noodle; a gap is formed between the inner side surface of the linear guide rail (2) and the guide rail lateral surface (102); the guide rail straighteners (4) are unevenly and symmetrically arranged along the length direction of the linear guide rail (2) by taking the guide rail straighteners (4) arranged at the middle position of the linear guide rail (2) as a starting point, and the distance between two adjacent guide rail straighteners (4) is d respectively from the middle to two ends of the linear guide rail (2) 0 、d 1 、d 2 ......d n-1 、d n The number of the combined columns is equal increment number with the tolerance of 2mm, and the distance d between two adjacent guide rail straighteners (4) which are nearest to the midpoint position of the guide rail straighteners (4) 0 For 10mm, the relationship satisfies: d, d n ＝10+2n。
2. The apparatus for precisely aligning a linear guide according to claim 1, wherein: the eccentric adjuster is an eccentric shaft bolt (401) and comprises a head section and a screw section, and the axes of the head section and the screw section have eccentric distances; the top block (402) is provided with a central hole; the eccentric shaft bolt (401) penetrates through the center hole of the top block (402), the head section is matched with the center hole, and the screw rod section is screwed into the threaded hole on the guide rail mounting surface (101).
3. The apparatus for precisely aligning a linear guide according to claim 1, wherein: a gap of 2-2.6 mm is reserved between the linear guide rail (2) and the lateral surface (102) of the guide rail.
4. The apparatus for precisely aligning a linear guide according to claim 1, wherein: the guide rail platforms are two and are respectively positioned at two opposite sides of the base (1); a marble Dan Pingche (6) is arranged between the two guide rail platforms.
5. The apparatus for precisely aligning a linear guide as claimed in claim 4, wherein: both ends of the marble Dan Pingche (6) are respectively supported by a contour pad (5) and kept horizontal.
6. The apparatus for precisely aligning a linear guide as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the two sides of the marble Dan Pingche (6) opposite to the guide rail platform are detection surfaces; the detection surface is parallel to the guide rail lateral surface (102).
7. The apparatus for precisely aligning a linear guide according to claim 2, wherein: the head section of the eccentric shaft bolt (401) is provided with four corner countersunk holes or hexagonal countersunk holes.
8. A device for precisely aligning a linear guide rail according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: a slide block (3) is arranged on the linear guide rail (2); the dial indicator (7) is arranged on the sliding block (3) through the magnetic gauge stand (8).
9. The method for using the precisely aligned linear guide device of claim 1, comprising the steps of: 1. preparation before straightening: the front end and the rear end of the lateral surface (102) of the guide rail are taken as base points, and the positions of the two ends of the marble Dan Pingche (6) are calibrated by a dial indicator (7) so that the detection surface of the marble Dan Pingche (6) is basically parallel to the lateral surface (102) of the guide rail; 2. straightening: a, placing the linear guide rail (2) on a guide rail mounting surface (101), pre-fastening the linear guide rail (2) by using bolts, and ensuring that the clearance between the linear guide rail (2) and a guide rail lateral surface (102) is about 2mm; b, a slide block (3) is arranged on the linear guide rail (2); a dial indicator (7) is arranged on the sliding block (3) through a magnetic gauge stand (8); the measuring end of the dial indicator (7) is contacted with the detecting surface of the marble Dan Pingche (6) and is pressed; taking a corrected marble Dan Pingche (6) as a reference, moving the sliding block (3), and reflecting the straightness error of the linear guide rail (2) at each point position through the numerical value difference of the dial indicator (7); straightening numerical value differences of all points of the linear guide rail (2) through a linear guide rail straightener (4), and adjusting the tightness degree of the positioning surface of the jacking block (402) to press the linear guide rail (2) by screwing an eccentric shaft bolt (401) according to numerical values displayed by a dial indicator (7) on all points, so that when the sliding block (3) is positioned on all points of the linear guide rail (2), the pointer on the dial indicator (7) is always aligned to the same scale; and then the pre-tightening bolt of the fixed linear guide rail (2) is completely screwed.
10. The method of using a precision alignment linear guide apparatus of claim 9, wherein: the two guide rail platforms are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the base (1), two detection surfaces of the marble Dan Pingche (6) are parallel, and the linear guide rail (2) on the other side is accurately aligned by repeating the steps a-c with the marble Dan Pingche (6) as a reference.
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