CN108642241A - A kind of ferritic stainless steel grain refiner, preparation method and application - Google Patents
A kind of ferritic stainless steel grain refiner, preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN108642241A CN108642241A CN201810569870.9A CN201810569870A CN108642241A CN 108642241 A CN108642241 A CN 108642241A CN 201810569870 A CN201810569870 A CN 201810569870A CN 108642241 A CN108642241 A CN 108642241A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
- B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
- B22D11/116—Refining the metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/005—Manufacture of stainless steel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of ferritic stainless steel grain refiner, preparation method and application method, ferritic stainless steel grain refiner includes TiN and Fe powder, and the mass ratio of the TiN and Fe powder is 0.01~0.06：99.99~99.94.Ferritic stainless steel grain refiner provided by the invention is by inducing Intragranular Acicular Ferrite forming core to achieve the effect that the stainless crystalline grain of steel of fining ferrite, it solves a series of problems during the production and use that ferritic stainless steel is generated by coarse grains, can be applied to molding and continuous casting process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ferritic stainless steel grain refiners, belong to metal material grain refinement technology field.
Background technology
Compared to chromiumnickel austenite stainless steel, there is ferritic stainless steel intensity height, cold work hardening to be inclined to low, heat conduction system
Number it is high (for its 130%~150%), linear expansion coefficient it is low (for its 60%~70%), corrosion resistance is good the advantages that.Due to steel scrap and
The fluctuation of nickel resources expands the emphasis that chromium system ferritic stainless steel has become global stainless steel breed structure readjustment.
The problems such as ferritic stainless steel is primarily present hot-working such as forging in process of production, the operation of rolling is easy to crack, this
It is that the phase transformation of α → γ does not occur since ferrite crystal grain is coarse, the heredity of crystal grain also results in finished product nothing due to coarse grains
Method meets requirement.What 105033181 A of Chinese patent CN were announced《A kind of model casting ferritic stainless steel crystal grain refinement
Agent and its application method》Using Fe powder as the inovulant of crystal grain thinning, method is simple, but its Adding Way is uniformly added with stream
Enter casting mold, cannot achieve and fining agent is precisely added；What Chinese patent CN101407866 A were announced《The Fe-Ti-N crystal grain refinements of steel
Agent and preparation method thereof》Grain refiner is prepared by passing to nitrogen to Fe-Ti alloy melts, preparation process is complex；
What Chinese patent CN 106312026 was announced《The alterant handled for cast steel crystal grain and structure refinement》Overcome manufacturing process
Simply, but in fining agent the V for containing 8~10%, increases cost；And the above patent is directed to molding, at present crystal grain refinement
Agent does not obtain good application on continuous casting process.
Invention content
(1) technical problems to be solved
In order to solve the above problem of the prior art, a kind of ferritic stainless steel grain refiner of present invention offer, its system
Preparation Method and application method can make the crystal grain refinement of ferritic stainless steel.
(2) technical solution
In order to achieve the above object, the main technical schemes that the present invention uses include：
A kind of ferritic stainless steel grain refiner, the grain refiner include TiN and Fe powder, TiN the and Fe powder
Mass ratio is 0.01~0.06：99.99~99.94.
A kind of preparation method of ferritic stainless steel grain refiner comprising following steps：
S1, dispensing：
It is 99.99-99.94 according to the mass ratio of Fe powder and TiN powder using the TiN powder of Fe powder and bulky grain as raw material：
0.01~0.06 composition proportion carries out dispensing；
The preparation of S2, Fe-TiN block：
The step S1 raw materials prepared are placed in ball mill and grinds, mix；Powder after ball milling is hot pressed into a mold
Block, 1350 DEG C~1400 DEG C, 5~10min of soaking time of hot pressing temperature are taken out after cooling, and it is thin to obtain ferrite stainless crystalline grain of steel
Agent.
Preparation method as described above, it is preferable that in step s 2, the time of the mixing is 2~5h, the ball milling
TiN powder grain size afterwards is less than 2 μm.
Preparation method as described above, it is preferable that in step s 2, the blocking pressure of the hot pressing is 25~30MPa.
The application method of ferritic stainless steel grain refiner as described above, can be in the company of industrial production ferritic stainless steel
Tundish station before casting process adds ferritic stainless steel grain refiner, and the TiN that 100~600g is added by steel per ton adds
Add.
The application method of ferritic stainless steel grain refiner as described above its include the following steps：
(1) dispensing
Using Fe powder and TiN powder as raw material, dispensing is carried out according to composition proportion；(2) preparation of Fe-TiN blocks
The raw material prepared is placed in ball mill and grinds, mix；
By the powder after ball milling, hot pressing is blocking in a mold, 1350 DEG C~1400 DEG C of hot pressing temperature, and soaking time 5~
10min takes out after cooling, obtains Fe-TiN blocks；
(3) melting
By ferritic stainless steel melting；It is pressed into the Fe-TiN blocks, the Fe-TiN blocks after ferritic stainless steel fusing
10~12min is kept the temperature after being completely melt at 1550~1600 DEG C, the ferrite after then cooling to room temperature to get crystal grain refinement is not
Become rusty steel.
Application method as described above, it is preferable that in step (2), the ball mill is planetary ball mill.
Preferably, in step (2), the time of the mixing is 2~5h, and the TiN powder grain size after the ball milling is less than
2μm。
Preferably, the blocking pressure of the hot pressing is 25~30MPa.
Application method as described above, it is preferable that in step (3), the additive amount of the Fe-TiN blocks is by TiN mass
Score is 0.01~0.06% addition of ferritic stainless steel gross mass.
(3) advantageous effect
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
Ferritic stainless steel grain refiner provided by the invention, in use, by inducing Intragranular Acicular Ferrite shape
Core solves the forging that ferritic stainless steel is generated by coarse grains to achieve the effect that the stainless crystalline grain of steel of fining ferrite
And operation of rolling problem of Cracking, it can be applied to molding and continuous casting process.
The preparation method of ferritic stainless steel grain refiner provided by the invention, by first preparing Fe-TiN blocks, as
Fining agent adds, and accurately controls the addition of TiN, and TiN recovery rates are stablized, and this method preparation process is simple, pollution-free, are suitble to
Industrialized production.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the metallograph of ferritic stainless steel prepared in embodiment 1；
Fig. 2 is the metallograph of ferritic stainless steel prepared in embodiment 2；
Fig. 3 is the metallograph of ferritic stainless steel prepared in embodiment 3；
Fig. 4 is the metallograph of ferritic stainless steel prepared in embodiment 4；
Fig. 5 is the metallograph of ferritic stainless steel prepared in comparative example；
Fig. 6 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph and its field trash energy spectrum diagram of ferritic stainless steel prepared in embodiment 1；Wherein,
Fig. 6 (a) is scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph, and Fig. 6 (b) is its field trash energy spectrum diagram；
Fig. 7 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph and its field trash energy spectrum diagram of ferritic stainless steel prepared in embodiment 2；Wherein,
Fig. 7 (a) is scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph, and Fig. 7 (b) is its field trash energy spectrum diagram；
Fig. 8 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph and field trash Element area profile of ferritic stainless steel prepared in embodiment 3；Its
In, Fig. 8 (a) is scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph, and Fig. 8 (b) is the distribution map of Ti elements, and Fig. 8 (c) is the distribution map of O elements, and Fig. 8 (d) is Al
The distribution map of element, Fig. 8 (e) are the distribution map of N element；
Fig. 9 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph and field trash Element area profile of ferritic stainless steel prepared in embodiment 4；Its
In, Fig. 9 (a) is scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph, and Fig. 9 (b) is the distribution map of Ti elements；Fig. 9 (c) is the distribution map of N element.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention using prepare Fe-TiN blocks as grain refiner, it can be made preferably to be pressed into molten steel, avoid because
The scaling loss of Ti elements, and the recovery rate of TiN is reduced, the Fe-TiN blocks of preparation can stablize the recovery rate of its titanium nitride.Titanium nitride
(TiN) it is a kind of transition metal nitride, there is B1-NaCl type crystal structures, there is high chemical stability, Xiang Gangzhong
Micron order TiN is added by forming the second phase of Dispersed precipitate, intragranular acicular ferrite forming core can be induced, to refine iron element
Initial solidification tissue, that is, as-cast structure of body.It improves the intensity and toughness of material while crystal grain thinning, it is thus also avoided that single
Only Al2O3In the presence of to efficiently solve ferritic stainless steel the problems such as hot-working is such as forged, the operation of rolling is easy to crack.
In order to preferably explain the present invention, in order to understand, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, by specific implementation mode, to this hair
It is bright to be described in detail.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method of fining ferrite stainless steel as-cast structure is carried out according to following operation：
(1), dispensing
It is that 0.01% composition proportion is matched by the mass fraction of TiN powder using the TiN powder of Fe powder and bulky grain as raw material
Material, wherein the grain size of the bulky grain TiN powder of use is between 4~5 μm.
(2), the preparation of Fe-TiN blocks
The raw material prepared is placed in planetary ball mill and grinds, mix, incorporation time 2.5h.It should be noted that original
Material accounts for grinding jar volume fraction and is no more than 2/3.
TiN powder grain size after ball milling is less than 2 μm, and by the powder after ball milling, hot pressing is blocking in a mold, and hot pressing pressure is
27MPa, 1352 DEG C, soaking time 6min of hot pressing temperature are taken out after cooling, obtain Fe-TiN blocks.
(3), melting
Ferritic stainless steel is utilized into resistance furnace melting in low-carbon steel crucible；After ferritic stainless steel fusing in indentation
State the Fe-TiN blocks of preparation, wherein Fe-TiN blocks are by 0.05% addition of the gross mass that TiN is ferritic stainless steel, Fe-TiN
10min, the ferritic stainless steel after then cooling to room temperature to get crystal grain refinement are kept the temperature at 1582 DEG C after after block fusing.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method of fining ferrite stainless steel as-cast structure is carried out according to following operation：
(1), dispensing
It is that 0.02% composition proportion is matched by the mass fraction of TiN powder using the TiN powder of Fe powder and bulky grain as raw material
Material.
(2), the preparation of Fe-TiN blocks
The raw material prepared is placed in planetary ball mill and grinds, mix, incorporation time 3h.TiN powder after ball milling
Grain size is less than 2 μm, and by the powder after ball milling, hot pressing is blocking in a mold, hot pressing pressure 25MPa, 1374 DEG C of hot pressing temperature, protects
Warm time 8min takes out after cooling, obtains Fe-TiN blocks.
(3), melting
Ferritic stainless steel is utilized into resistance furnace melting in low-carbon steel crucible；After ferritic stainless steel fusing in indentation
State the Fe-TiN blocks of preparation, wherein Fe-TiN blocks are by 0.03% addition of the gross mass that TiN is ferritic stainless steel, Fe-TiN
10min, the ferritic stainless steel after then cooling to room temperature to get crystal grain refinement are kept the temperature at 1582 DEG C after block fusing.
Embodiment 3
A kind of method of fining ferrite stainless steel as-cast structure is carried out according to following operation：
(1), dispensing
It is that 0.03% composition proportion is matched by the mass fraction of TiN powder using the TiN powder of Fe powder and bulky grain as raw material
Material.
(2), the preparation of Fe-TiN blocks
The raw material prepared is placed in planetary ball mill and grinds, mix, incorporation time 3.5h.TiN powder after ball milling
Last grain size is less than 2 μm, and by the powder after ball milling, hot pressing is blocking in a mold, hot pressing pressure 28MPa, 1365 DEG C of hot pressing temperature,
Soaking time 8min takes out after cooling, obtains Fe-TiN blocks.
(3), melting
Ferritic stainless steel is utilized into resistance furnace melting in low-carbon steel crucible；After ferritic stainless steel fusing in indentation
State the Fe-TiN blocks of preparation, wherein Fe-TiN blocks are by 0.01% addition of the gross mass that TiN is ferritic stainless steel, Fe-TiN
12min, the ferritic stainless steel after then cooling to room temperature to get crystal grain refinement are kept the temperature at 1569 DEG C after block fusing.
Embodiment 4
A kind of method of fining ferrite stainless steel as-cast structure is carried out according to following operation：
(1), dispensing
It is that 0.06% composition proportion is matched by the mass fraction of TiN powder using the TiN powder of Fe powder and bulky grain as raw material
Material.
(2), the preparation of Fe-TiN blocks
The raw material prepared is placed in planetary ball mill and grinds, mix, incorporation time 5h.TiN powder after ball milling
Grain size is less than 2 μm, and by the powder after ball milling, hot pressing is blocking in a mold, hot pressing pressure 30MPa, 1381 DEG C of hot pressing temperature, protects
Warm time 9min takes out after cooling, obtains Fe-TiN blocks.
(3), melting
Ferritic stainless steel is utilized into resistance furnace melting in low-carbon steel crucible；It is pressed into after ferritic stainless steel fusing
Fe-TiN blocks, wherein Fe-TiN blocks are added by the 0.04% of the gross mass that TiN is ferritic stainless steel, after the fusing of Fe-TiN blocks
10min, the ferritic stainless steel after then cooling to room temperature to get crystal grain refinement are kept the temperature at 1577 DEG C.
Comparative example
Ferritic stainless steel is utilized into resistance furnace melting in low-carbon steel crucible；Wait for that ferritic stainless steel is melted in 1580 DEG C
10min is kept the temperature, is then cooled to room temperature to get ferritic stainless steel.
In order to observe the growing state of Intragranular Acicular Ferrite, steel sample is warming up to 1250 DEG C in Muffle furnace, is then cooled down,
10min, water quenching are kept the temperature at 1150 DEG C.The ferrite prepared to embodiment 1-4 and comparative example by Zeiss metallographic microscope is not
Rust steel carries out metallographic and examines as shown in Figs. 1-5, it can be seen that under identical amplification factor, the acicular ferrite in embodiment 1-4
Tiny, intensive, disperse state is presented, adequately divides crystal grain, grain refinement effect is apparent.And the needle of comparative example crystal boundary both sides
Columnar ferrite size is larger, and arranges than more loose.Illustrate TiN due to use and ferritic (100) crystal face mismatch compared with
It is small, only 3.8%, induction of Intragranular Acicular Ferrite forming core and growth, promote the refinement of crystal grain.
The pattern and spectroscopy detection for being carried out field trash to the ferritic stainless steel of embodiment 1-4 using scanning electron microscope, are such as schemed
(a) in 6- Fig. 9 is respectively the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of typical field trash in embodiment 1-4, if (b) in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 is corresponding press from both sides
The energy spectrum diagram of sundries illustrates that field trash is TiN；(b), (c), (d), (e) of Fig. 8 is respectively to carry out field trash by scanning electron microscope
The field trash distribution diagram of element that obtains of Surface scan it is corresponding be Ti, O, Al, N element distribution map, (b) in Fig. 9,
(c) it is corresponding be Ti, N element distribution map.From in figure can it is apparent, it is intuitive reflection field trash in element enrichment shape
State finds to wrap up Al containing a large amount of TiN and TiN in ferritic stainless steel2O3In the presence of inclusion size is between 1~2 μm, explanation
TiN has not only acted as the effect of crystal grain thinning in ferritic stainless steel, it is thus also avoided that individual Al2O3In the presence of because if there is independent
Al2O3The continuity of steel matrix can be destroyed by being mingled with, and cause the uneven of structure of steel, influence the mechanical property and processability of steel
Energy.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, being not the limitation for doing other forms to the present invention, appoint
What those skilled in the art can be changed or be modified as the equivalence enforcement of equivalent variations using technology contents disclosed above
Example.But it is every without departing from technical solution of the present invention content, according to the technical essence of the invention to appointing made by above example
What simple modification, equivalent variations and remodeling, still falls within the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of ferritic stainless steel grain refiner, which is characterized in that it includes TiN and Fe powder, the matter of the TiN and Fe powder
Amount is than being 0.01~0.06：99.99~99.94.
2. a kind of preparation method of ferritic stainless steel grain refiner, which is characterized in that it includes the following steps：
S1, using Fe powder and TiN powder as raw material, according to the mass ratio of Fe powder and TiN powder be 99.99~99.94：0.01~0.06 one-tenth
Distribution ratio carries out dispensing；
S2, the step S1 raw materials prepared are placed in ball mill and grinds, mix；Powder after ball milling is hot pressed into a mold
Block, 1350 DEG C~1400 DEG C, 5~10min of soaking time of hot pressing temperature are taken out after cooling, and it is thin to obtain ferrite stainless crystalline grain of steel
Agent.
3. preparation method as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that in step s 2, the time of the mixing is 2~5h,
TiN powder grain size after the ball milling is less than 2 μm.
4. preparation method as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that in step s 2, the blocking pressure of the hot pressing is 25
~30MPa.
5. the application method of ferritic stainless steel grain refiner as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in industrial production iron
Tundish station before the continuous casting process of ferritic stainless steel adds ferritic stainless steel grain refiner, and 100 are added by steel per ton
The TiN of~600g is added.
6. the application method of ferritic stainless steel grain refiner as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that it includes following step
Suddenly：
(1) dispensing
Using Fe powder and TiN powder as raw material, dispensing is carried out according to composition proportion；
(2) preparation of Fe-TiN blocks
The raw material prepared is placed in ball mill and grinds, mix；
By the powder after ball milling, hot pressing is blocking in a mold, 1350 DEG C~1400 DEG C of hot pressing temperature, soaking time 5~10min, cold
But it takes out afterwards, obtains Fe-TiN blocks；
(3) melting
By ferritic stainless steel melting；The Fe-TiN blocks are pressed into after ferritic stainless steel fusing, the Fe-TiN blocks are complete
10~12min, the ferrite stainless after then cooling to room temperature to get crystal grain refinement are kept the temperature after fusing at 1550~1600 DEG C
Steel.
7. application method as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that in step (2), the ball mill is planetary ball milling
Machine.
8. application method as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that in step (2), the time of the mixing is 2~5h,
TiN powder grain size after the ball milling is less than 2 μm.
9. application method as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that in step (2), the blocking pressure of the hot pressing is 25
~30MPa.
10. application method as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that in step (3), the additive amount of the Fe-TiN blocks
For by 0.01~0.06% addition that TiN mass fractions are ferritic stainless steel gross mass.
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| CN201810569870.9A CN108642241A (en) | 2018-06-05 | 2018-06-05 | A kind of ferritic stainless steel grain refiner, preparation method and application |
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| CN201810569870.9A CN108642241A (en) | 2018-06-05 | 2018-06-05 | A kind of ferritic stainless steel grain refiner, preparation method and application |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110586851A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-12-20 | 卓然(靖江)设备制造有限公司 | Cast steel coating |
| CN112853040A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-28 | 东北大学 | 440C stainless bearing steel grain refiner and preparation method thereof |
| CN112853039A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-28 | 东北大学 | Novel bearing steel self-uniform grain refiner and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101407866A (en) * | 2008-11-20 | 2009-04-15 | 上海交通大学 | Fe-Ti-N grain refiner of steel and preparation thereof |
| CN101660090A (en) * | 2009-09-24 | 2010-03-03 | 上海交通大学 | Fe-X-N grain refiner and preparation method thereof |
| CN106319263A (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2017-01-11 | 四川大学 | Aluminum titanium carbonitride alloy grain refiner and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101407866A (en) * | 2008-11-20 | 2009-04-15 | 上海交通大学 | Fe-Ti-N grain refiner of steel and preparation thereof |
| CN101660090A (en) * | 2009-09-24 | 2010-03-03 | 上海交通大学 | Fe-X-N grain refiner and preparation method thereof |
| CN106319263A (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2017-01-11 | 四川大学 | Aluminum titanium carbonitride alloy grain refiner and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110586851A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-12-20 | 卓然(靖江)设备制造有限公司 | Cast steel coating |
| CN112853040A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-28 | 东北大学 | 440C stainless bearing steel grain refiner and preparation method thereof |
| CN112853039A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-28 | 东北大学 | Novel bearing steel self-uniform grain refiner and preparation method thereof |
| CN112853040B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-05-27 | 东北大学 | 440C stainless bearing steel grain refiner and preparation method thereof |
| CN112853039B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-05-27 | 东北大学 | Bearing steel self-uniform grain refiner and preparation method thereof |
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