CN107974637B - A kind of hot die steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of hot die steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107974637B CN107974637B CN201711373455.8A CN201711373455A CN107974637B CN 107974637 B CN107974637 B CN 107974637B CN 201711373455 A CN201711373455 A CN 201711373455A CN 107974637 B CN107974637 B CN 107974637B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of hot die steels, by mass percentage, comprising: C:0.45%~0.55%, Si:0.10%~0.35%, Mn:0.15%~0.35%, P :≤0.010%, S :≤0.003%, Cr:4.30%~5.10%, Mo:2.80%~3.20%, V:0.50%~0.80%, Ni :≤0.20%, Cu :≤0.10%, the Fe of impurity element and surplus less than or equal to 0.04%.The present invention is from the material composition of hot die steel, the composition and ratio of raw material are selected and adjusted, high rigidity, high tenacity and the high life mould steel for warm forging, especially hot-forging die are obtained, it can be suitable for harsher hot-forging die working environment, meet the multi-aspect demand in market.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mould steel preparation technical field, it is related to a kind of hot die steel and preparation method thereof, in particular to
It is a kind of for warm forging or the high performance hot-work die steel of hot forging and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
Mould steel is the steel grade for manufacturing the molds such as cold-punching mould, hot-forging die, compression mod, and mold is machine-building, nothing
The main machining tool of part is manufactured in the industrial departments such as line electricity instrument, motor, electric appliance, quality directly affects pressure processing
The quality of technique, the precision yield of product and production cost, the quality and service life of usual mold rely primarily on reasonable knot
Structure design, machining accuracy, mold materials and and heat treatment etc. several respects.It, can be by mould steel point by the service condition of mold
For four major class, including cold work die steel, hot die steel, plastic die steel and plastic mould steel.Hot-work die is among these
Refer to, for the metal of heating or liquid metals to be made to the tooling of required product, such as hot forged mould, thermal upsetting die, hot extruding die
Tool, die casting and high-speed molding mold etc., and used various die steels are referred to as hot die steel.
With Industry Quick Developments such as the automobile industry in China, rail traffic, aerospace, engineering machinery, all kinds of machinery
Equipment forging demand is significantly increased, and is increased using metal forming machinery processing forging, forge die steel using amount demand is very big, only southwestern
Chengdu, Chongqing region forge die steel market annual requirement at 10,000 tons or so, the especially high-end mould steel of hot-forging die class.
Since surface and the center portion temperature difference are larger under running conditions for hot-work die, to the performance requirements of hot forming dies materials also compared with
Height, need to hardness and strength performance, toughness, thermal fatigue resistance, chemical stability, wearability and thermal conductivity etc. etc. into
Row requires.Especially hot-forging die is heated repeatedly at work and water cooling and bears very big impact force, thus to hot forging mold materials
It is more demanding, such as high intensity, high tenacity, high thermal stability.
In addition, hot forming dies materials are different by heat resistance, low heat resistant steel (350~370 DEG C), middle heat resistance can be divided into
With steel (550~600 DEG C), high-fire resistance steel (580~650 DEG C)；Tungsten system hot-work die can be divided by alloying element classification
Steel, chromium series hot die steel, chrome molybdenum system and chromium tungsten series hot die steel etc.；The hot-work die of particular/special requirement uses high temperature sometimes
Alloy and refractory alloy manufacture.Standard GB/T 1299-85 " alloy tool steel technical conditions " has been included in 12 hot die steels
Grade of steel, being broadly divided into three classes, " one kind is former old steel grade, such as 5CrMnMo, 5CrNiMo, 3Cr2W8V；One kind be it is domestic voluntarily
The new steel grade of development, such as 5Cr4Mo3SiMoVA1,3Cr3Mo3W2V, 5Cr4W5Mo2V, 4Cr5MoSiV；Another kind of is to introduce
External general steel grade, such as 4Cr5MoSiV (H11), 4Cr5MoSiV1 (H13), 4Cr5W2VSi (W2).
In in the industry, H13 and 3Cr2W8V are most popular two kinds of hot work tool steels, but due to heat-resisting in the conduct of H13 steel
Type hot die steel, no more than 600 DEG C, application is restricted operating temperature；And 3Cr2W8V steel, it is reachable using temperature
650 DEG C, but because toughness plasticity level is low, cold-heat fatigue property and poor thermal conductivity, be easy to generate because of cool-hot fatigue cracking in addition because
Cause to be broken for toughness deficiency.
Therefore, a kind of hot die steel with more preferable performance how is designed, the heat that especially can be used for hot-forging die is made
Mould steel, it has also become many R&D enterprises and a line researcher widely one of focus of attention.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that provide a kind of hot die steel and preparation method thereof, it is special
It is not to prepare a kind of high performance hot-work die steel for warm forging or hot forging, hot die steel prepared by the present invention is with higher
Hardness, toughness and service life can be used in the working environment of hot-forging die harshness, meet the multi-aspect demand in market.
The present invention provides a kind of hot die steels, by mass percentage, comprising:
C:0.45%~0.55%；
Si:0.10%~0.35%；
Mn:0.15%~0.35%；
P :≤0.010%；
S :≤0.003%；
Cr:4.30%~5.10%；
Mo:2.80%~3.20%；
V:0.50%~0.80%；
Ni :≤0.20%；
Cu :≤0.10%；
The Fe of impurity element and surplus less than or equal to 0.04%.
Preferably, the hot die steel, it is by mass percentage, described
C:0.47%~0.51%；
Si:0.20%~0.30%；
Mn:0.20%~0.30%；
P :≤0.008%；
S :≤0.002%；
Cr:4.5%~5.0%；
Mo:3.0%~3.15%；
V:0.65%~0.75%.
Preferably, the hot die steel is for being hot-forged or the hot die steel of warm forging；
The impurity element includes one of As, Sn, Pb, Sb and Bi or a variety of；
It further include non-metallic inclusion in the hot die steel.
Preferably, the mass content of the As is less than or equal to 0.01%；
The mass content of the Sn is less than or equal to 0.01%；
The mass content of the Pb is less than or equal to 0.01%；
The mass content of the Sb is less than or equal to 0.01%；
The mass content of the Bi is less than or equal to 0.01%.
Preferably, the non-metallic inclusion in the hot die steel, A class are slightly that requirement is less than or equal to 0.5；
Non-metallic inclusion in the hot die steel, A class are carefully that requirement is less than or equal to 0.5；
Non-metallic inclusion in the hot die steel, B class are slightly that requirement is less than or equal to 1.0；
Non-metallic inclusion in the hot die steel, B class are carefully that requirement is less than or equal to 1.5；
Non-metallic inclusion in the hot die steel, C class are slightly that requirement is less than or equal to 0.5；
Non-metallic inclusion in the hot die steel, C class are carefully that requirement is less than or equal to 0.5；
Non-metallic inclusion in the hot die steel, D class are slightly that requirement is less than or equal to 1.0；
Non-metallic inclusion in the hot die steel, D class are carefully that requirement is less than or equal to 1.5.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of hot die steel as described in above-mentioned technical proposal any one, packets
Include following steps:
1) by after electroslag remelting under raw material progress vacuum metling and protective atmosphere, steel ingot is obtained；
2) steel ingot for obtaining above-mentioned steps obtains hot die steel after too fast forging and finish forge.
Preferably, the temperature of the vacuum metling is 1550~1560 DEG C；
The time of the vacuum metling is 8~10 hours；
The protective atmosphere includes nitrogen and/or argon gas；
The best molten speed of the electroslag remelting is 9~11kg/min；
The slag temperature of the electroslag remelting is 1600~1900 DEG C；
The time of the electroslag remelting is 13~15 hours.
Preferably, the forging ratio forged fastly is more than or equal to 8；
The pressure forged fastly is less than or equal to 35MPa；
The forging ratio of the finish forge is 35%~60%；
The pressure of the finish forge is less than or equal to 35MN.
Preferably, the step 2) specifically:
21) steel ingot for obtaining above-mentioned steps obtains intermediate blank after too fast forging；
The fast forging includes upset pulling forging and the forging of FM method；
It include homogenize process step during the upset pulling forging；
22) the intermediate blank for obtaining above-mentioned steps obtains hot die steel after finish forge.
Preferably, the number of the upset pulling forging is 2~5 times；
The upset ratio of the upset pulling forging is 0.3~0.7；
The ratio of height to diameter of the pulling of the upset pulling forging is 2.2~2.5；
The temperature of the homogenize process is 1230~1275 DEG C；
The time of the homogenize process is 22~26 hours；
The anvil width ratio of the FM method forging is 0.4~0.8；
The forging ratio of the FM method forging is more than or equal to 8.
The present invention provides a kind of hot die steels, by mass percentage, comprising: C:0.45%~0.55%, Si:
0.10%~0.35%, Mn:0.15%~0.35%, P :≤0.010%, S :≤0.003%, Cr:4.30%~5.10%,
Mo:2.80%~3.20%, V:0.50%~0.80%, Ni :≤0.20%, Cu :≤0.10%, it is miscellaneous less than or equal to 0.04%
The Fe of prime element and surplus.Compared with prior art, the present invention is heated and water cooling and holds repeatedly at work for hot-forging die
By very big impact force, thus the high-intensitive, high tenacity and the characteristics of high thermal stability to hot-forging die material requirements, and it is existing
H13 and two kinds of 3Cr2W8V most popular two kinds of hot work tool steels exist, heat resistant type hot die steel in the conduct of H13 steel,
Operating temperature is no more than 600 DEG C, so that the problem of using being restricted；And 3Cr2W8V steel, although using temperature up to 650
DEG C, but because toughness plasticity level is low, cold-heat fatigue property and poor thermal conductivity, it is easy to generate cracking because of cool-hot fatigue, or even because of
Toughness deficiency leads to the defect of fracture.
For the present invention from the material composition of hot die steel, composition and ratio to raw material have carried out creative selection
And adjustment, it obtains can adapt to the high rigidity of warm forging, especially hot-forging die, high tenacity and high life mould steel, can be suitable for
Harsher hot-forging die working environment, meets the multi-aspect demand in market.
The experimental results showed that hot die steel prepared by the present invention is under the high rigidity of 52~53.5HRC, lateral center portion U
Type notch shock function average value can reach 23J, and red hardness, thermal conductivity are good, and harden ability is high, and thermal expansion coefficient is small.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the metallograph of the annealing microinhomogeneity under prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1 50 times of hot die steel；
Fig. 2 is the metallograph of the annealing microscopic structure under prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1 500 times of hot die steel.
Specific embodiment
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
All raw materials of the present invention, are not particularly limited its source, buying on the market or according to those skilled in the art
The preparation of conventional method known to member.
All raw materials of the present invention, are not particularly limited its purity, and present invention preferably employs technical pures or mould steel to prepare
The conventional purity that field uses.
All raw materials of the present invention, the trade mark and abbreviation belong to this field routine trade mark and abbreviation, each trade mark and abbreviation
In the field of its associated uses be it is explicit, those skilled in the art according to the trade mark, abbreviation and corresponding purposes,
It can be commercially available from city's mid-sales or conventional method is prepared.
All techniques of the present invention, abbreviation belong to the conventional abbreviation of this field, neck of each abbreviation in its associated uses
Be in domain it is explicit, those skilled in the art are according to referred to as, it is to be understood that its conventional processing step.
The present invention provides a kind of hot die steels, by mass percentage, comprising:
C:0.45%~0.55%；
Si:0.10%~0.35%；
Mn:0.15%~0.35%；
P :≤0.010%；
S :≤0.003%；
Cr:4.30%~5.10%；
Mo:2.80%~3.20%；
V:0.50%~0.80%；
Ni :≤0.20%；
Cu :≤0.10%；
The Fe of impurity element and surplus less than or equal to 0.04%.
Hot die steel provided by the invention is a kind of hot die steel suitable for hot forging or warm forging, is more preferably used for heat
Forging, forms, the mass percentage content of the Elements C is preferably 0.45%~0.55%, more preferably by mass percentage
0.47%~0.53%, more preferably 0.49%~0.51%, it is specifically as follows 0.47%~0.51%, most preferably
0.49%.The source of Elements C is not particularly limited in the present invention, with the source or city of Elements C well known to those skilled in the art
The Elements C sold；The purity of Elements C is not particularly limited in the present invention, is used to prepare with well known to those skilled in the art
The purity of the Elements C of mould steel.
The present invention forms by mass percentage, and the mass percentage content of the elements Si is preferably 0.10%~
0.35%, more preferably 0.15%~0.30%, more preferably 0.20%~0.25%, it is specifically as follows 0.20%~
0.30%, most preferably 0.24%.The source of elements Si is not particularly limited in the present invention, with well known to those skilled in the art
The source of elements Si or commercially available elements Si；The purity of elements Si is not particularly limited in the present invention, with art technology
The purity of the elements Si of mould steel is used to prepare known to personnel.
The present invention forms by mass percentage, and the mass percentage content of the element M n is preferably 0.15%~
0.35%, more preferably 0.17%~0.33%, more preferably 0.20%~0.30%, more preferably 0.22%~0.28%,
Most preferably 0.23%.The source of element M n is not particularly limited in the present invention, with element M n well known to those skilled in the art
Source or commercially available element M n；The purity of element M n is not particularly limited in the present invention, ripe with those skilled in the art
The purity of the element M n for being used to prepare mould steel known.
The present invention forms by mass percentage, and the mass percentage content of the element P, which is preferably less than, to be equal to
0.010%, more preferably less than it is equal to 0.008%, is more preferably less than equal to 0.007%, is more preferably less than equal to
0.0065%.The source of element P is not particularly limited in the present invention, with the source of element P well known to those skilled in the art or
Commercially available element P；The purity of element P is not particularly limited in the present invention, with well known to those skilled in the art for making
The purity of the element P of standby mould steel.
The present invention forms by mass percentage, and the mass percentage content of the element S, which is preferably less than, to be equal to
0.003%, more preferably less than it is equal to 0.0028%, is more preferably less than equal to 0.0025%, is more preferably less than equal to
0.002%.The source of element S is not particularly limited in the present invention, with the source or city of element S well known to those skilled in the art
The element S sold；The purity of element S is not particularly limited in the present invention, is used to prepare with well known to those skilled in the art
The purity of the element S of mould steel.
The present invention forms by mass percentage, and the mass percentage content of the element Cr is preferably 4.30%~
5.10%, more preferably 4.40%~5.00%, more preferably 4.50%~4.90%, more preferably 4.60%~4.80%,
It is specifically as follows 4.5%~5.0%, most preferably 4.63%.The source of element Cr is not particularly limited in the present invention, with ability
The source of element Cr known to field technique personnel or commercially available element Cr；The present invention does not limit the purity of element Cr especially
System, with the purity of the element Cr well known to those skilled in the art for being used to prepare mould steel.
The present invention forms by mass percentage, and the mass percentage content of the elements Mo is preferably 2.80%~
3.20%, more preferably 2.85%~3.15%, more preferably 2.90%~3.10%, more preferably 2.95%~3.05%,
It is specifically as follows 3.0%~3.15%, most preferably 3.13%.The source of elements Mo is not particularly limited in the present invention, with this
The source of elements Mo known to the technical staff of field or commercially available elements Mo；The present invention is not special to the purity of elements Mo
Limitation, with the purity of the elements Mo well known to those skilled in the art for being used to prepare mould steel.
The present invention forms by mass percentage, and the mass percentage content of the element V is preferably 0.50%~0.80%,
More preferably 0.55%~0.75%, more preferably 0.60%~0.70%, it is specifically as follows 0.65%~0.75%, most preferably
It is 0.7%.The source of element V is not particularly limited in the present invention, with the source or city of element V well known to those skilled in the art
The element V sold；The purity of element V is not particularly limited in the present invention, is used to prepare with well known to those skilled in the art
The purity of the element V of mould steel.
The present invention forms by mass percentage, and the mass percentage content of the element Ni, which is preferably less than, to be equal to
0.20%, more preferably 0.01%~0.2%, more preferably 0.05%~0.15%, more preferably 0.06%~0.10%, most
Preferably 0.06%.The source of element Ni is not particularly limited in the present invention, with element Ni's well known to those skilled in the art
Source or commercially available element Ni；The purity of element Ni is not particularly limited in the present invention, known to those skilled in the art
The element Ni for being used to prepare mould steel purity.
The present invention forms by mass percentage, and the mass percentage content of the element Cu, which is preferably less than, to be equal to
0.10%, more preferably 0.01%~0.10%, more preferably 0.03%~0.08%, more preferably 0.05%~0.06%,
Most preferably 0.06%.The source of element Cu is not particularly limited in the present invention, with element Cu well known to those skilled in the art
Source or commercially available element Cu；The purity of element Cu is not particularly limited in the present invention, ripe with those skilled in the art
That knows is used to prepare the purity of the element Cu of mould steel.
The classification of the impurity element is not particularly limited in the present invention, with customary impurities well known to those skilled in the art
Element, those skilled in the art can select and adjust according to practical condition, product requirement and quality requirement
Whole, impurity element of the present invention preferably includes one of As, Sn, Pb, Sb and Bi or a variety of, more preferably As, Sn, Pb,
Sb and Bi.
The content of the impurity element is not particularly limited in the present invention, with customary impurities well known to those skilled in the art
The content control range of element, those skilled in the art can want according to practical condition, product requirement and quality
It asks and is selected and adjusted, the content of impurity element of the present invention is preferably smaller than equal to 0.04%, is more preferably less than equal to
0.03%, more preferably less than it is equal to 0.02%.
The content of the As is not particularly limited in the present invention, with customary impurities element well known to those skilled in the art
Content control range, those skilled in the art can carry out according to practical condition, product requirement and quality requirement
The mass content of selection and adjustment, As of the present invention is preferably smaller than equal to 0.01%, is more preferably less than equal to 0.008%,
More preferably less than it is equal to 0.006%, is more preferably less than equal to 0.004%.
The content of the Sn is not particularly limited in the present invention, with customary impurities element well known to those skilled in the art
Content control range, those skilled in the art can carry out according to practical condition, product requirement and quality requirement
The mass content of selection and adjustment, Sn of the present invention is preferably smaller than equal to 0.01%, is more preferably less than equal to 0.008%,
More preferably less than it is equal to 0.006%, is more preferably less than equal to 0.004%.
The content of the Pb is not particularly limited in the present invention, with customary impurities element well known to those skilled in the art
Content control range, those skilled in the art can carry out according to practical condition, product requirement and quality requirement
The mass content of selection and adjustment, Pb of the present invention is preferably smaller than equal to 0.01%, is more preferably less than equal to 0.008%,
More preferably less than it is equal to 0.006%, is more preferably less than equal to 0.004%.
The content of the Sb is not particularly limited in the present invention, with customary impurities element well known to those skilled in the art
Content control range, those skilled in the art can carry out according to practical condition, product requirement and quality requirement
The mass content of selection and adjustment, Sb of the present invention is preferably smaller than equal to 0.01%, is more preferably less than equal to 0.008%,
More preferably less than it is equal to 0.006%, is more preferably less than equal to 0.004%.
The content of the Bi is not particularly limited in the present invention, with customary impurities element well known to those skilled in the art
Content control range, those skilled in the art can carry out according to practical condition, product requirement and quality requirement
The mass content of selection and adjustment, Bi of the present invention is preferably smaller than equal to 0.01%, is more preferably less than equal to 0.008%,
More preferably less than it is equal to 0.006%, is more preferably less than equal to 0.004%.
It inevitably further include non-metallic inclusion in hot die steel of the present invention, the present invention is to improve Forming Die
Has the performance of steel, the non-metallic inclusion is preferably controlled in specific range.Wherein, the non-gold in the hot die steel
Belong to field trash, A class is slightly that requirement is preferably smaller than equal to 0.5；Non-metallic inclusion in the hot die steel, A class are carefully to want
It asks and is preferably smaller than equal to 0.5；Non-metallic inclusion in the hot die steel, B class are slightly that requirement is preferably smaller than equal to 1.0,
More preferably less than or equal to 0.5；Non-metallic inclusion in the hot die steel, B class are carefully that requirement is preferably smaller than equal to 1.5,
More preferably less than or equal to 1.0, more preferably less than or equal to 0.5；Non-metallic inclusion in the hot die steel, C class are slightly to want
It asks and is preferably smaller than equal to 0.5；Non-metallic inclusion in the hot die steel, C class are carefully that requirement is preferably smaller than equal to 0.5；
Non-metallic inclusion in the hot die steel, D class are slightly that requirement is preferably smaller than equal to 1.0, more preferably less than or equal to 0.5；
Non-metallic inclusion in the hot die steel, D class are carefully that requirement is preferably smaller than equal to 1.5, more preferably less than or equal to 1.0,
More preferably less than or equal to 0.5.
The present invention, using the high Mo of the special ratios and low Si of special ratios, substantially increases mold in elemental constituent
The harden ability of steel, and in the Si content of this ratio, moreover it is possible to significantly mitigation banded segregation；C content is increased to specific simultaneously
Ratio improves the intensity and wearability of steel；And the special ratios content control of V, it being capable of better thinning microstructure and crystal grain.This hair
The control of the bright ratio for element, can be under the premise of not influencing other performances, to the harden ability, hardness, intensity of mold
It is promoted with wearability, increased thermal conductivity can and reduce thermal expansion coefficient, compounds, rises by the collaboration of each content special ratios
The synergistic effect that 1+1 is more than or equal to 2 is arrived.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of hot die steel as described in above-mentioned technical proposal any one, packets
Include following steps:
1) by after electroslag remelting under raw material progress vacuum metling and protective atmosphere, steel ingot is obtained；
2) steel ingot for obtaining above-mentioned steps obtains hot die steel after too fast forging and finish forge.
Ratio and selection and corresponding optimum principle of the present invention to required raw material and product in above-mentioned preparation method,
It can be corresponded to the ratio and selection of raw material corresponding in aforementioned hot die steel, and corresponding optimum principle, In
This is no longer repeated one by one.
The present invention by after electroslag remelting under raw material progress vacuum metling and protective atmosphere, obtains steel ingot first.
The adding manner of the raw material is not particularly limited in the present invention, is routinely added to well known to those skilled in the art
Mode, those skilled in the art can select and adjust according to practical condition, product requirement and quality requirement
It is whole, raw material of the present invention preferably with pure iron (S preferably≤0.003%, P preferably≤0.007%), metal Cr, metal Mn, metal
The form of Mo, Fe-V, Fe-Si and C block is added.
The parameter and step of the vacuum metling is not particularly limited in the present invention, with well known to those skilled in the art true
The parameter and step that sky is smelted, those skilled in the art can want according to practical condition, product requirement and quality
It asks and is selected and adjusted, the present invention is the degree of purity for further increasing product, reduces gas content in steel ingot, and then enhance and produce
The performance of product, the refining temperature of the vacuum metling are preferably 1550~1560 DEG C, and more preferably 1552~1558 DEG C, more preferably
It is 1554~1556 DEG C.The time of the vacuum metling is preferably 8~10 hours, and more preferably 8.2~9.8 hours, more preferably
It is 8.5~9.5 hours.
The present invention is refinement and complete process step, further increases the degree of purity of product, reduces gas content in steel ingot,
And then enhancing the performance of product, the specific steps of the vacuum metling can pour into electrode for raw material is carried out vacuum metling
Stick.It is more specific preferred are as follows:
1, raw material requirement: pure iron (S≤0.003%, P≤0.007%), J-Cr, J-Mn, Fe-V, J-Mo, Fe-Si block,
C block.
2, furnace body requirement: new crucible smelts this steel after washing 2 furnaces with smart steel iron；
3, vacuum degree: hot final vacuum≤1Pa (equipment requirement), gas leakage degree≤10Pa/min；
4, charge: 2/3 carbon of supplying, J-Cr, J-Mo are packed into (cannot want scaling loss with furnace) with pure iron.Wherein J-Mn, Fe-V,
Fe-Si block is used for adjusting component, is not also packed into furnace.
5, vacuum degree≤5Pa is required to drop power if vacuum degree > 5Pa and continue to evacuate when iron and steel stock starts fusing.
6,1550~1560 DEG C of refining period refining temperature, vacuum degree≤2Pa are kept for 20 minutes under high-power stirring.Refining
Power, which is subject to, guarantees refining temperature, and refining period adds remaining 1/3C block, Al deoxidation.Refining period will guarantee that reaction between carbon and oxygen is tied substantially
Beam.
7, refining terminates 25 Torrs of argon filling, adds J-Mn, Fe-V.It stirs 15 minutes and samples, sample is tuned into point after returning.After ingredient is qualified
Stirring 5 minutes, temperature is tapped within the scope of 1595~1610 DEG C.
8, sky is broken after casting complete after the cold 15min of furnace, mould is cold >=12h after demould, obtain electrode bar.
The parameter and step of the electroslag remelting is not particularly limited in the present invention, with electricity well known to those skilled in the art
The parameter and step of slag remelting, those skilled in the art can want according to practical condition, product requirement and quality
It asks and is selected and adjusted, the present invention is the degree of purity for further increasing product, reduces gas content in steel ingot, and then enhance and produce
The performance of product, best molten fast preferably 9~11kg/min, the more preferably 9.3~10.8kg/min of the electroslag remelting are more excellent
It is selected as 9.5~10.5kg/min, is specifically as follows and is gradually successively decreased by 11~9kg/min.The temperature of the electroslag remelting, i.e. slag temperature
Preferably 1600~1900 DEG C, more preferably 1650~1850 DEG C, more preferably 1700~1800 DEG C.The electroslag remelting when
Between preferably 13~15 hours, more preferably 13.5~14.5 hours.The protective atmosphere is preferably nitrogen and/or argon gas, more
Preferably nitrogen or argon gas, most preferably argon gas.
The present invention is refinement and complete process step, further increases the degree of purity of product, reduces gas content in steel ingot,
And then enhancing the performance of product, the specific steps of the electroslag remelting can be the electroslag weight under protective atmosphere again by electrode bar
It is molten, finally obtain steel ingot.It is more specific preferred are as follows:
1, electrode bar carries out surface barreling after having moved back fire, removes scale on surface, welds dummy electrode after sawing riser.
2, using CaF2:Al2O3=70:30 (%) binary slag system, 190 ± 10kg of the quantity of slag, it is desirable that slag charge process >=700 DEG C,
It is used after baking in >=6 hours.
3, slag resistance is waved setting value (mohm): 0.40 ± 0.05, melt speed setting value (kg/min): 11~9 successively decrease, when filling
Between >=55min, furnace 60~70min of cool time, smelting process whole process argon filling gas shielded.
4, red after ESR ingot is come out of the stove to send annealing.
The steel ingot that the present invention finally obtains above-mentioned steps obtains hot die steel after too fast forging and finish forge.
The parameter forged fastly and step is not particularly limited in the present invention, is forged fastly with well known to those skilled in the art
Parameter and step, those skilled in the art can select according to practical condition, product requirement and quality requirement
It selects and adjusts, the present invention is to further increase the tropisms such as steel, and the uniformity of ingredient and tissue refines crystal grain, and then enhances and produce
The performance of product, the forging ratio forged fastly are preferably greater than or equal to 8, are more preferably greater than equal to 8.5, are more preferably greater than equal to 9.It is described
The pressure forged fastly is preferably smaller than equal to 35MPa, more preferably less than or equal to 30MPa, more preferably less than or equal to 25MPa.
The present invention is refinement and complete process step, further increases the tropisms such as steel, the uniformity of ingredient and tissue, carefully
Change crystal grain, and then enhance the performance of product, the specific steps forged fastly preferably include upset pulling forging and the forging of FM method, more
It preferably successively carries out upset pulling forging and the forging of FM method, i.e., the described step 2) is more specific preferably are as follows:
21) steel ingot for obtaining above-mentioned steps obtains intermediate blank after too fast forging；The fast forging includes that upset pulling is forged
It makes and is forged with FM method；It include homogenize process step during the upset pulling forging.
The parameter and step of the upset pulling forging is not particularly limited in the present invention, known to those skilled in the art
Upset pulling forging parameter and step, those skilled in the art can according to practical condition, product requirement with
And quality requirement is selected and is adjusted, the number of upset pulling forging of the present invention is preferably 2~5 times, more preferably 3~
4 times.The upset ratio preferably 0.3~0.7, more preferably 0.35~0.65, more preferably 0.4 of the upset pulling forging~
0.6, it is specifically as follows 0.5.The ratio of height to diameter of the pulling of the upset pulling forging is preferably 2.2~2.5, more preferably 2.25~
2.45, more preferably 2.3~2.4.
The parameter and step of the homogenize process is not particularly limited in the present invention, with well known to those skilled in the art
The parameter and step of homogenize process, those skilled in the art can be according to practical condition, product requirement and matter
Amount requires to be selected and adjusted, and homogenize process of the present invention preferably carries out after upset for the first time.It is of the present invention equal
The temperature of matterization processing is preferably 1230~1275 DEG C, more preferably 1240~1265 DEG C, more preferably 1250~1255 DEG C.Institute
The time for stating homogenize process is preferably 22~26 hours, more preferably 23~25 hours, more preferably 23.5~24.5 hours.
The parameter and step that the present invention forges the FM method are not particularly limited, with FM well known to those skilled in the art
The parameter and step of method forging, those skilled in the art can want according to practical condition, product requirement and quality
It asks and is selected and adjusted, the anvil width ratio of FM method forging of the present invention is preferably 0.4~0.8, and more preferably 0.45~0.75,
More preferably 0.5~0.7, more preferably 0.55~0.65.The forging ratio of the FM method forging is preferably greater than or equal to 8, more preferably
More than or equal to 8.5, more preferably greater than it is equal to 9.
The present invention is refinement and complete process step, further increases the tropisms such as steel, the uniformity of ingredient and tissue, carefully
Change crystal grain, and then enhances the performance of product, it more specifically can be with the step of the fast forging are as follows:
1,850 DEG C of ESR ingot or less slow heatings pay attention to guaranteeing that material temperature is uniform, prevent male and female face；Starting forging temperature >=1100
DEG C, final forging temperature >=870 DEG C；First fire reheating in furnace time >=2.5h, later every fiery >=2h that reburns the time；Total forging ratio >=8,
It is forged using multiple upsetting pull+FM method.
2, beat pincers handle after steel ingot is come out of the stove, then carry out multiple jumping-up, upset forging process: (steel ingot length is or not jumping-up to 1/2 height
First can suitably be pulled out when sufficient make steel ingot ratio of height to diameter it is suitable >=2.0), then ratio of height to diameter about 2.2~2.5 is arrived in pulling.
The step of fast forging, more specifically can be with are as follows:
1,850 DEG C of ESR ingot or less slow heatings pay attention to guaranteeing that material temperature is uniform, prevent male and female face；Starting forging temperature >=1100
DEG C, final forging temperature >=870 DEG C；First fire reheating in furnace time >=2.5h, later every fiery >=2h that reburns the time；Total forging ratio >=8,
It is forged using multiple upsetting pull+FM method.
2, beat pincers handle after steel ingot is come out of the stove, then carry out multiple jumping-up, upset forging process: (steel ingot length is or not jumping-up to 1/2 height
First can suitably be pulled out when sufficient make steel ingot ratio of height to diameter it is suitable >=2.0), then ratio of height to diameter about 2.2~2.5 is arrived in pulling.
3, wherein after the first upset pulling, 1230~1275 DEG C of heat preservations, 22~26 hours homogeneous are carried out after obtained material is matched
Change processing.
4, the famine side after homogenizing come out of the stove again jumping-up to 1/2 height, then forge forging stock；Last fiery deflection >=
40% is split into use for finish forge machine base.
5, last fiery heating temperature drops to 1180 ± 10 DEG C when press cogging, last fiery deflection >=40%.Strictly
Final forging temperature is controlled, cryogenic forging crackle is prevented.
22) the intermediate blank that the present invention finally obtains above-mentioned steps obtains steel after finish forge.
The parameter and step of the finish forge is not particularly limited in the present invention, with finish forge well known to those skilled in the art
Parameter and step, those skilled in the art can select according to practical condition, product requirement and quality requirement
It selects and adjusts, the forging ratio of finish forge of the present invention is preferably 35%~60%, and more preferably 40%~55%, more preferably
45%~50%.The pressure of the finish forge is preferably smaller than equal to 35MN, more preferably less than or equal to 30MN, more preferably less than or equal to
25MN。
The present invention is refinement and complete process step, further increases the tropisms such as steel, the uniformity of ingredient and tissue, carefully
Change crystal grain, and then enhances the performance of product, it more specifically can be with the step of the finish forge are as follows:
The intermediate base forged using forging press, precise forging machine deflection 35%~60%, press is red to be turned blank and enters furnace to exist
Forging is opened after 1150 ± 10 DEG C of heat preservation 2.5h.Precise forging machine spreads air-cooled to≤200 DEG C out after stopping forging, and then shove charge is annealed.
Above-mentioned steps of the present invention provide a kind of high performance hot-work die steel and preparation method thereof for hot forging.The present invention
From the material composition of hot die steel, composition and ratio to raw material have carried out creative selection and adjustment, using spy
The high Mo of the certainty ratio and low Si of special ratios, substantially increases the harden ability of mould steel, and in the Si content of this ratio,
Banded segregation can also significantly be mitigated；C content is increased to special ratios simultaneously, improves the intensity and wearability of steel；And V's is specific
Proportional amount control, being capable of better thinning microstructure and crystal grain.The present invention can not influenced for the control of the ratio of element
Under the premise of other performances, the harden ability of mold, hardness, intensity and wearability are promoted, increased thermal conductivity can and be reduced
Thermal expansion coefficient is compounded by the collaboration of each content special ratios, plays the synergistic effect that 1+1 is more than or equal to 2.The present invention is again
In conjunction with the preparation process of special parameter and step, the degree of purity of product is improved, reduces gas content in steel ingot, and then enhance product
Performance, further increase the tropisms such as steel, the uniformity of ingredient and tissue refines crystal grain, and then enhances the performance of product, most
It has obtained can adapt to the high rigidity, high tenacity and high life mould steel of warm forging, especially hot-forging die eventually, can be suitable for more
Harsh hot-forging die working environment, meets the multi-aspect demand in market.
The experimental results showed that hot die steel prepared by the present invention is under the high rigidity of 52~53.5HRC, lateral center portion U
Type notch shock function average value can reach 23J, and red hardness, thermal conductivity are good, and harden ability is high, and thermal expansion coefficient is small.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, with reference to embodiments to a kind of hot die steel provided by the invention and its system
Preparation Method is described in detail, but it is to be understood that these embodiments are to carry out under the premise of the technical scheme of the present invention in fact
It applies, the detailed implementation method and specific operation process are given, only to further illustrate the features and advantages of the present invention, and
It is not limiting to the claimed invention, protection scope of the present invention is also not necessarily limited to following embodiments.
Embodiment 1
Process flow:
Vacuum metling → electroslag remelting → 45MN press cogging → 18MN finish forge is become a useful person → is examined.
Vacuum drying oven smelting process
1, raw material requirement: pure iron (S≤0.003%, P≤0.007%), J-Cr, J-Mn, Fe-V, J-Mo, Fe-Si block,
C block.
2, furnace body requirement: new crucible smelts this steel after washing 2 furnaces with smart steel iron；
3, vacuum degree: hot final vacuum≤1Pa (equipment requirement), gas leakage degree≤10Pa/min；
4, charge: 2/3 carbon of supplying, J-Cr, J-Mo are packed into (cannot want scaling loss with furnace) with pure iron.Wherein J-Mn, Fe-V,
Fe-Si block is used for adjusting component, is not also packed into furnace.
5, vacuum degree≤5Pa is required to drop power if vacuum degree > 5Pa and continue to evacuate when iron and steel stock starts fusing.
6,1550~1560 DEG C of refining period refining temperature, vacuum degree≤2Pa are kept for 20 minutes under high-power stirring.Refining
Power, which is subject to, guarantees refining temperature, and refining period adds remaining 1/3C block, Al deoxidation.Refining period will guarantee that reaction between carbon and oxygen is tied substantially
Beam.
7, refining terminates 25 Torrs of argon filling, adds J-Mn, Fe-V.It stirs 15 minutes and samples, sample is tuned into point after returning.After ingredient is qualified
Stirring 5 minutes, temperature is tapped within the scope of 1595~1610 DEG C.
8, sky is broken after casting complete after the cold 15min of furnace, mould is cold >=12h after demould, obtain electrode bar.
Electroslag smelting technique
1, electrode bar carries out surface barreling after having moved back fire, removes scale on surface, welds dummy electrode after sawing riser.
2, using CaF2:Al2O3=70:30 (%) binary slag system, 190 ± 10kg of the quantity of slag, it is desirable that slag charge process >=700 DEG C,
It is used after baking in >=6 hours.
3, slag resistance is waved setting value (mohm): 0.40 ± 0.05, melt speed setting value (kg/min): 11~9 successively decrease, when filling
Between >=55min, furnace 60~70min of cool time, smelting process whole process argon filling gas shielded.
4, red after ESR ingot is come out of the stove to send annealing.
Processing:
Forging processing is forged fastly with 45MN press, is forged using multiple upsetting pull and FM method, intermediate base is processed into total forging ratio >=8
The forging of 18MN precise forging machine is become a useful person after material, finish forge deflection 35~60%.Steel pass through homogenize process.
The fast forging process of 45MN press:
1,850 DEG C of ESR ingot or less slow heatings pay attention to guaranteeing that material temperature is uniform, prevent male and female face；Starting forging temperature >=1100
DEG C, final forging temperature >=870 DEG C；First fire reheating in furnace time >=2.5h, later every fiery >=2h that reburns the time；Total forging ratio >=8,
It is forged using multiple upsetting pull+FM method.
2, beat pincers handle after steel ingot is come out of the stove, then carry out multiple jumping-up, upset forging process: (steel ingot length is or not jumping-up to 1/2 height
First can suitably be pulled out when sufficient make steel ingot ratio of height to diameter it is suitable >=2.0), then ratio of height to diameter about 2.2~2.5 is arrived in pulling.
3, homogenize technique: 1230~1275 DEG C of heat preservations, 22~26 hours homogenize process are carried out after material is matched,
4, jumping-up is come out of the stove to 1/2 height by the famine side after homogenizing, and then forges forging stock；Last fiery deflection >=40% is opened
At use for finish forge machine base.
5, last fiery heating temperature drops to 1180 ± 10 DEG C when press cogging, last fiery deflection >=40%.
Strict control final forging temperature prevents cryogenic forging crackle.
18MN precise forging machine technique
The intermediate base forged using press.Precise forging machine deflection 35%~60%.Press is red turn blank enter furnace 1150 ±
Forging is opened after 10 DEG C of heat preservation 2.5h.Precise forging machine spreads air-cooled to≤200 DEG C out after stopping forging, and then shove charge is annealed, and finally obtaining specification is
Φ 255mm high performance hot-work die steel.
The hot die steel prepared to the embodiment of the present invention 1 is tested.
Inspection project includes ultrasonic examination, surface quality testing, low power, high power, mechanical properties test.
Referring to table 1, table 1 is the chemical component result of laboratory test of hot die steel prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Table 1
Referring to table 2, table 2 is the non-metallic inclusion result of laboratory test of hot die steel prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Table 2
According to GB10561-2005 to the regulation of the micro- evaluation of nonmetallic inclusionsin steel, field trash is according to its form and divides
Cloth is divided into tetra- class of A, B, C, D, and every type impurity is divided into thick system and thin system by the difference of thickness or diameter, is divided into 1~5 by quantity
Grade, rank is higher, and inclusion content is also more.Wherein, A class is sulfide-based strip field trash, and B class is alumina type fragment
String-like field trash, C class are Silicate inclusion object, and D class is the oxide-based field trash of spherical Dispersed precipitate.Its number 0.5,
1.0,1.5 etc. be each type impurity grading.
Hot die steel is examined to annealing microscopic structure under 500 times, banded segregation is examined under 50 times, and press NADCA#
207-2003 standard judge picture grading microscopic structure and microinhomogeneity.
It is the annealing microinhomogeneity under prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1 50 times of hot die steel referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 1
Metallograph.
Referring to fig. 2, Fig. 2 be the embodiment of the present invention 1 prepare 500 times of hot die steel under annealing microscopic structure metallographic
Photo.
Referring to table 3, table 3 is the metallographic structure rating result of hot die steel prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Table 3
| Annealing inhomogeneities | Annealing microscopic structure | |
| (NADCA#207) | AS1-AS9 (picture of green background) | BS1-BS4 (picture of green background) |
| Embodiment 1 | AS2, AS2 | BS2, BS2 |
Impact ductility test:
Impact specimen blank preheats 45 minutes through 780 DEG C, oil quenching after 1050 DEG C of austenitizings are handled 30 minutes, and >=560 DEG C
Tempering >=3 times, tempering >=2 hours, are air-cooled to room temperature between tempering every time every time, after being heat-treated to 50-55HRC hardness, processing
At 2mmU type notched impact specimen, Charpy toughness test is carried out.Cast out peak in 5 test results and minimum
Value takes the average value and minimum value of remaining 3 test results.
Referring to table 4, table 4 is the U-shaped notch impact toughness of lateral center portion of hot die steel prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Table 4
Grain size test:
Grain size sample through 1050 DEG C ± 10 DEG C keep the temperature 30 minutes, grade quench to 730 DEG C ± 10 DEG C keep the temperature 30 minutes, so
After be air-cooled to room temperature.It grades by GB/T 6394.
Referring to table 5, table 5 is the grain size test result of hot die steel prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Table 5
| Grain size (grade) | |
| (NADCA#207) | ≥7 |
| Embodiment 1 | 8.5 |
Embodiment 2
Process flow:
Vacuum metling → electroslag remelting → forging of 45MN press is become a useful person → is examined.
Vacuum drying oven smelting process
1, raw material requirement: pure iron (S≤0.003%, P≤0.007%), J-Cr, J-Mn, Fe-V, J-Mo, Fe-Si block,
C block.
2, furnace body requirement: new crucible smelts this steel after washing 2 furnaces with smart steel iron；
3, vacuum degree: hot final vacuum≤1Pa (equipment requirement), gas leakage degree≤10Pa/min；
4, charge: 2/3 carbon of supplying, J-Cr, J-Mo are packed into (cannot want scaling loss with furnace) with pure iron.Wherein J-Mn, Fe-V,
Fe-Si block is used for adjusting component, is not also packed into furnace.
5, vacuum degree≤5Pa is required to drop power if vacuum degree > 5Pa and continue to evacuate when iron and steel stock starts fusing.
6,1550~1560 DEG C of refining period refining temperature, vacuum degree≤2Pa are kept for 20 minutes under high-power stirring.Refining
Power, which is subject to, guarantees refining temperature, and refining period adds remaining 1/3C block, Al deoxidation.Refining period will guarantee that reaction between carbon and oxygen is tied substantially
Beam.
7, refining terminates 25 Torrs of argon filling, adds J-Mn, Fe-V.It stirs 15 minutes and samples, sample is tuned into point after returning.After ingredient is qualified
Stirring 5 minutes, temperature is tapped within the scope of 1595~1610 DEG C.
8, sky is broken after casting complete after the cold 15min of furnace, mould is cold >=12h after demould, obtain electrode bar.
Electroslag smelting technique
1, electrode bar carries out surface barreling after having moved back fire, removes scale on surface, welds dummy electrode after sawing riser.
2, using CaF2:Al2O3=70:30 (%) binary slag system, 190 ± 10kg of the quantity of slag, it is desirable that slag charge process >=700 DEG C,
It is used after baking in >=6 hours.
3, slag resistance is waved setting value (mohm): 0.40 ± 0.05, melt speed setting value (kg/min): 11~9 successively decrease, when filling
Between >=55min, furnace 60~70min of cool time, smelting process whole process argon filling gas shielded.
4, red after ESR ingot is come out of the stove to send annealing.
Processing:
Forging processing is forged fastly with 45MN press, is forged using multiple upsetting pull and FM method, total forging ratio >=8.Steel pass through homogeneous
Change processing.
The fast forging process of 45MN press:
1,850 DEG C of ESR ingot or less slow heatings pay attention to guaranteeing that material temperature is uniform, prevent male and female face；Starting forging temperature >=1100
DEG C, final forging temperature >=870 DEG C；First fire reheating in furnace time >=2.5h, later every fiery >=2h that reburns the time；Total forging ratio >=8,
It is forged using multiple upsetting pull+FM method.
2, beat pincers handle after steel ingot is come out of the stove, then carry out multiple jumping-up, upset forging process: (steel ingot length is or not jumping-up to 1/2 height
First can suitably be pulled out when sufficient make steel ingot ratio of height to diameter it is suitable >=2.0), then ratio of height to diameter about 2.2~2.5 is arrived in pulling.
3, homogenize technique: 1230~1275 DEG C of heat preservations, 22~26 hours homogenize process are carried out after material is matched,
4, jumping-up is come out of the stove to 1/2 height by the famine side after homogenizing, and is then forged into finished product, finished product Module specifications: 165mm*
600mm。
The hot die steel prepared to the embodiment of the present invention 2 is tested.
Inspection project includes ultrasonic examination, surface quality testing, low power, high power, mechanical properties test.
Referring to table 6, table 6 is the chemical component result of laboratory test of hot die steel prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Table 6
Referring to table 7, table 7 is the non-metallic inclusion result of laboratory test of hot die steel prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Table 7
According to GB10561-2005 to the regulation of the micro- evaluation of nonmetallic inclusionsin steel, field trash is according to its form and divides
Cloth is divided into tetra- class of A, B, C, D, and every type impurity is divided into thick system and thin system by the difference of thickness or diameter, is divided into 1~5 by quantity
Grade, rank is higher, and inclusion content is also more.Wherein, A class is sulfide-based strip field trash, and B class is alumina type fragment
String-like field trash, C class are Silicate inclusion object, and D class is the oxide-based field trash of spherical Dispersed precipitate.Its number 0.5,
1.0,1.5 etc. be each type impurity grading.
Hot die steel is examined to annealing microscopic structure under 500 times, banded segregation is examined under 50 times, and press NADCA#
207-2003 standard judge picture grading microscopic structure and microinhomogeneity.
Referring to table 8, table 8 is the metallographic structure rating result of hot die steel prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Table 8
| Annealing inhomogeneities | Annealing microscopic structure | |
| (NADCA#207) | AS1-AS9 (picture of green background) | BS1-BS4 (picture of green background) |
| Embodiment 2 | AS1, AS1 | BS1, BS1 |
Impact ductility test:
Impact specimen blank preheats 45 minutes through 780 DEG C, oil quenching after 1050 DEG C of austenitizings are handled 30 minutes, and >=560 DEG C
Tempering >=3 times, tempering >=2 hours, are air-cooled to room temperature between tempering every time every time, after being heat-treated to 50-55HRC hardness, processing
At 2mmU type notched impact specimen, Charpy toughness test is carried out.Cast out peak in 5 test results and minimum
Value takes the average value and minimum value of remaining 3 test results.
Referring to table 9, table 9 is the U-shaped notch impact toughness of lateral center portion of hot die steel prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Table 9
Grain size test:
Grain size sample through 1050 DEG C ± 10 DEG C keep the temperature 30 minutes, grade quench to 730 DEG C ± 10 DEG C keep the temperature 30 minutes, so
After be air-cooled to room temperature.It grades by GB/T 6394.
Referring to table 10, table 10 is the grain size test result of hot die steel prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Table 10
| Grain size (grade) | |
| (NADCA#207) | ≥7 |
| Embodiment 2 | 8.5 |
Embodiment 3
Process flow:
Vacuum metling → electroslag remelting → 45MN press cogging → 18MN finish forge is become a useful person → is examined.
Vacuum drying oven smelting process
1, raw material requirement: pure iron (S≤0.003%, P≤0.007%), J-Cr, J-Mn, Fe-V, J-Mo, Fe-Si block,
C block.
2, furnace body requirement: new crucible smelts this steel after washing 2 furnaces with smart steel iron；
3, vacuum degree: hot final vacuum≤1Pa (equipment requirement), gas leakage degree≤10Pa/min；
4, charge: 2/3 carbon of supplying, J-Cr, J-Mo are packed into (cannot want scaling loss with furnace) with pure iron.Wherein J-Mn, Fe-V,
Fe-Si block is used for adjusting component, is not also packed into furnace.
5, vacuum degree≤5Pa is required to drop power if vacuum degree > 5Pa and continue to evacuate when iron and steel stock starts fusing.
6,1550~1560 DEG C of refining period refining temperature, vacuum degree≤2Pa are kept for 20 minutes under high-power stirring.Refining
Power, which is subject to, guarantees refining temperature, and refining period adds remaining 1/3C block, Al deoxidation.Refining period will guarantee that reaction between carbon and oxygen is tied substantially
Beam.
7, refining terminates 25 Torrs of argon filling, adds J-Mn, Fe-V.It stirs 15 minutes and samples, sample is tuned into point after returning.After ingredient is qualified
Stirring 5 minutes, temperature is tapped within the scope of 1595~1610 DEG C.
8, sky is broken after casting complete after the cold 15min of furnace, mould is cold >=12h after demould, obtain electrode bar.
Electroslag smelting technique
1, electrode bar carries out surface barreling after having moved back fire, removes scale on surface, welds dummy electrode after sawing riser.
2, using CaF2:Al2O3=70:30 (%) binary slag system, 190 ± 10kg of the quantity of slag, it is desirable that slag charge process >=700 DEG C,
It is used after baking in >=6 hours.
3, slag resistance is waved setting value (mohm): 0.40 ± 0.05, melt speed setting value (kg/min): 11~9 successively decrease, when filling
Between >=55min, furnace 60~70min of cool time, smelting process whole process argon filling gas shielded.
4, red after ESR ingot is come out of the stove to send annealing.
Processing:
Forging processing is forged fastly with 45MN press, is forged using multiple upsetting pull and FM method, intermediate base is processed into total forging ratio >=8
The forging of 18MN precise forging machine is become a useful person after material, finish forge deflection 35~60%.Steel pass through homogenize process.
The fast forging process of 45MN press:
1,850 DEG C of ESR ingot or less slow heatings pay attention to guaranteeing that material temperature is uniform, prevent male and female face；Starting forging temperature >=1100
DEG C, final forging temperature >=870 DEG C；First fire reheating in furnace time >=2.5h, later every fiery >=2h that reburns the time；Total forging ratio >=8,
It is forged using multiple upsetting pull+FM method.
2, beat pincers handle after steel ingot is come out of the stove, then carry out multiple jumping-up, upset forging process: (steel ingot length is or not jumping-up to 1/2 height
First can suitably be pulled out when sufficient make steel ingot ratio of height to diameter it is suitable >=2.0), then ratio of height to diameter about 2.2~2.5 is arrived in pulling.
3, homogenize technique: 1230~1275 DEG C of heat preservations, 22~26 hours homogenize process are carried out after material is matched,
4, jumping-up is come out of the stove to 1/2 height by the famine side after homogenizing, and then forges forging stock；Last fiery deflection >=40% is opened
At use for finish forge machine base.
5, last fiery heating temperature drops to 1180 ± 10 DEG C when press cogging, last fiery deflection >=40%.
Strict control final forging temperature prevents cryogenic forging crackle.
18MN precise forging machine technique
The intermediate base forged using press.Precise forging machine deflection 35%~60%.Press is red turn blank enter furnace 1150 ±
Forging is opened after 10 DEG C of heat preservation 2.5h.Precise forging machine spreads air-cooled to≤200 DEG C out after stopping forging, and then shove charge is annealed, and finally obtaining specification is
Φ 185mm high performance hot-work die steel.
The hot die steel prepared to the embodiment of the present invention 3 is tested.
Inspection project includes ultrasonic examination, surface quality testing, low power, high power, mechanical properties test.
Referring to table 11, table 11 is the chemical component result of laboratory test of hot die steel prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 3.
Table 11
Referring to table 12, table 12 is the non-metallic inclusion result of laboratory test of hot die steel prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 3.
Table 12
According to GB10561-2005 to the regulation of the micro- evaluation of nonmetallic inclusionsin steel, field trash is according to its form and divides
Cloth is divided into tetra- class of A, B, C, D, and every type impurity is divided into thick system and thin system by the difference of thickness or diameter, is divided into 1~5 by quantity
Grade, rank is higher, and inclusion content is also more.Wherein, A class is sulfide-based strip field trash, and B class is alumina type fragment
String-like field trash, C class are Silicate inclusion object, and D class is the oxide-based field trash of spherical Dispersed precipitate.Its number 0.5,
1.0,1.5 etc. be each type impurity grading.
Hot die steel is examined to annealing microscopic structure under 500 times, banded segregation is examined under 50 times, and press NADCA#
207-2003 standard judge picture grading microscopic structure and microinhomogeneity.
Referring to table 13, table 13 is the metallographic structure rating result of hot die steel prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 3.
Table 13
| Annealing inhomogeneities | Annealing microscopic structure | |
| (NADCA#207) | AS1-AS9 (picture of green background) | BS1-BS4 (picture of green background) |
| Embodiment 3 | AS1, AS1 | BS1, BS1 |
Impact ductility test:
Impact specimen blank preheats 45 minutes through 780 DEG C, oil quenching after 1050 DEG C of austenitizings are handled 30 minutes, and >=560 DEG C
Tempering >=3 times, tempering >=2 hours, are air-cooled to room temperature between tempering every time every time, after being heat-treated to 50-55HRC hardness, processing
At 2mmU type notched impact specimen, Charpy toughness test is carried out.Cast out peak in 5 test results and minimum
Value takes the average value and minimum value of remaining 3 test results.
Referring to table 14, table 14 is that the U-shaped notch shock of lateral center portion of hot die steel prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 3 is tough
Property.
Table 14
Grain size test:
Grain size sample through 1050 DEG C ± 10 DEG C keep the temperature 30 minutes, grade quench to 730 DEG C ± 10 DEG C keep the temperature 30 minutes, so
After be air-cooled to room temperature.It grades by GB/T 6394.
Referring to table 15, table 15 is the grain size test result of hot die steel prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 3.
Table 15
| Grain size (grade) | |
| (NADCA#207) | ≥7 |
| Embodiment 3 | 8.0 |
Above to a kind of high performance hot-work die steel for warm forging or hot forging provided by the invention and preparation method thereof into
Detailed introduction is gone, used herein a specific example illustrates the principle and implementation of the invention, the above reality
The explanation for applying example is merely used to help understand method and its core concept of the invention, including best mode, and but also originally
Any technical staff in field can practice the present invention, including any device or system of manufacture and use, and implement any knot
The method of conjunction.It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, in the premise for not departing from the principle of the invention
Under, it can be with several improvements and modifications are made to the present invention, these improvement and modification also fall into the protection of the claims in the present invention
In range.The range of the invention patent protection is defined by the claims, and may include those skilled in the art it is conceivable that
Other embodiments.If these other embodiments have the structural element for being not different from claim character express, or
If they include the equivalent structural elements with the character express of claim without essence difference, these other embodiments
It should be comprising within the scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of hot die steel, which is characterized in that by mass percentage, comprising:
C:0.45%~0.55%；
Si:0.10%~0.35%；
Mn:0.15%~0.35%；
P :≤0.010%；
S :≤0.003%；
Cr:4.30%~5.10%；
Mo:2.80%~3.20%；
V:0.50%~0.80%；
Ni :≤0.20%；
Cu :≤0.10%；
The Fe of impurity element and surplus less than or equal to 0.04%；
The hot die steel is for being hot-forged or the hot die steel of warm forging；
It further include non-metallic inclusion in the hot die steel；
Non-metallic inclusion in the hot die steel, A class are slightly that requirement is less than or equal to 0.5；
Non-metallic inclusion in the hot die steel, A class are carefully that requirement is less than or equal to 0.5；
Non-metallic inclusion in the hot die steel, B class are slightly that requirement is less than or equal to 1.0；
Non-metallic inclusion in the hot die steel, B class are carefully that requirement is less than or equal to 1.5；
Non-metallic inclusion in the hot die steel, C class are slightly that requirement is less than or equal to 0.5；
Non-metallic inclusion in the hot die steel, C class are carefully that requirement is less than or equal to 0.5；
Non-metallic inclusion in the hot die steel, D class are slightly that requirement is less than or equal to 1.0；
Non-metallic inclusion in the hot die steel, D class are carefully that requirement is less than or equal to 1.5.
2. hot die steel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the hot die steel, by mass percentage,
It is described
C:0.47%~0.51%；
Si:0.20%~0.30%；
Mn:0.20%~0.30%；
P :≤0.008%；
S :≤0.002%；
Cr:4.5%~5.0%；
Mo:3.0%~3.15%；
V:0.65%~0.75%.
3. hot die steel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the impurity element include As, Sn, Pb, Sb and
One of Bi or a variety of.
4. hot die steel according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the mass content of the As is less than or equal to
0.01%；
The mass content of the Sn is less than or equal to 0.01%；
The mass content of the Pb is less than or equal to 0.01%；
The mass content of the Sb is less than or equal to 0.01%；
The mass content of the Bi is less than or equal to 0.01%.
5. a kind of preparation method of the hot die steel as described in Claims 1 to 4 any one, which is characterized in that including with
Lower step:
1) by after electroslag remelting under raw material progress vacuum metling and protective atmosphere, steel ingot is obtained；
2) steel ingot for obtaining above-mentioned steps obtains hot die steel after too fast forging and finish forge.
6. preparation method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the refining temperature of the vacuum metling be 1550~
1560℃；
The time of the vacuum metling is 8~10 hours；
The protective atmosphere includes nitrogen and/or argon gas；
The best molten speed of the electroslag remelting is 9~11kg/min；
The slag temperature of the electroslag remelting is 1600~1900 DEG C；
The time of the electroslag remelting is 13~15 hours.
7. preparation method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the forging ratio forged fastly is more than or equal to 8；
The pressure forged fastly is less than or equal to 35MN；
The forging ratio of the finish forge is 35%~60%；
The pressure of the finish forge is less than or equal to 35MN.
8. preparation method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the step 2) specifically:
21) steel ingot for obtaining above-mentioned steps obtains intermediate blank after too fast forging；
The fast forging includes upset pulling forging and the forging of FM method；
It include homogenize process step during the upset pulling forging；
22) the intermediate blank for obtaining above-mentioned steps obtains hot die steel after finish forge.
9. preparation method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the number of the upset pulling forging is 2~5 times；
The upset ratio of the upset pulling forging is 0.3~0.7；
The ratio of height to diameter of the pulling of the upset pulling forging is 2.2~2.5；
The temperature of the homogenize process is 1230~1275 DEG C；
The time of the homogenize process is 22~26 hours；
The anvil width ratio of the FM method forging is 0.4~0.8；
The forging ratio of the FM method forging is more than or equal to 8.
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