CN108630834B

CN108630834B - Composite protection element and battery pack

Info

Publication number: CN108630834B
Application number: CN201810228650.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈葆萱; 陈莎莉
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2017-03-20
Filing date: 2018-03-20
Publication date: 2021-09-07
Anticipated expiration: 2038-03-20
Also published as: CN108630834A

Abstract

The invention provides a composite protection element and a battery pack. The plurality of terminal electrodes include a first terminal electrode and a second terminal electrode, and the plurality of terminal electrodes respectively penetrate through the insulating housing and are respectively supported by the insulating housing. The lower surfaces of both ends of the fusible conductor are respectively arranged on the first terminal electrode and the second terminal electrode to form a bidirectional current path between the first terminal electrode and the second terminal electrode. The first heat generating component is arranged on or above the upper surface of the fusible conductor on the surface different from the plurality of terminal electrodes, or arranged on the side surface or the side edge of the fusible conductor, and the orthographic projection of the first heat generating component on the fusible conductor is not overlapped with the orthographic projection of the plurality of terminal electrodes on the fusible conductor, and one end of the first heat generating component is coupled with the fusible conductor.

Description

Composite protection element and battery pack

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a battery pack and a composite protection device thereof, and more particularly, to a battery pack having over-current, over-voltage or over-temperature protection function and capable of bearing high charging/discharging current and a composite protection device thereof.

Background

In the prior art, most of the electrodes of the composite protection element are disposed on the substrate, and the fusible conductor is disposed on the electrodes, so that the instantaneous working current applied to the motor in the future is relatively high, even higher than 50A, the electrodes disposed on the substrate and the substrate cannot bear the flow of such large abnormal current, and even the electrodes and the substrate are fused or broken due to the high heat and high voltage generated when the fusible conductor is fused.

In addition, if the fusible conductor can bear the working current or rated current between 30A and 100A, the sectional area (thickness and width) of the fusible conductor needs to be enlarged, the fusible conductor is separated into two parts after being fused, and enough space needs to be provided to ensure that the insulation resistance of the fusible conductor after being disconnected is within a safe range.

Disclosure of Invention

[ problem to be solved by the invention ]

In the protection element of the prior art, the 1 st electrode, the 2 nd electrode, the insulating substrate and the heating element are almost all arranged below the fusible conductor, and the insulating substrate is arranged between the 1 st electrode and the 2 nd electrode, so that the 1 st electrode, the 2 nd electrode and the insulating substrate are almost all on the same plane, and have no great height difference, the fusible conductor is arranged above the 1 st electrode, the 2 nd electrode and the insulating substrate, at the moment of fusing the fusible conductor, the fused fusible conductor can splash around and remain on the surface of the insulating substrate, and after the fusible conductor is fused, the insulating resistance between the 1 st electrode and the 2 nd electrode can not reach the requirement of high resistance or the requirement of open circuit (open circuit).

The invention provides a composite protection element, comprising: the insulating shell comprises an insulating shell body base body and an insulating shell cover body; the plurality of terminal electrodes comprise a first terminal electrode and a second terminal electrode, and the plurality of terminal electrodes respectively penetrate through the insulating outer shell and are respectively supported by the insulating outer shell; a fusible conductor, wherein lower surfaces of both ends of the fusible conductor are respectively arranged on the first terminal electrode and the second terminal electrode, and the fusible conductor is electrically connected with the first terminal electrode and the second terminal electrode so as to form a bidirectional current path between the first terminal electrode and the second terminal electrode; and a first heat generating component disposed on or above an upper surface of the fusible conductor on a surface different from the plurality of terminal electrodes, or disposed on a side surface or a side edge of the fusible conductor, and an orthographic projection of the first heat generating component on the fusible conductor does not overlap with an orthographic projection of the plurality of terminal electrodes on the fusible conductor, wherein one end of the first heat generating component is coupled to the fusible conductor.

The invention provides a composite protection element, comprising: the insulating shell comprises an insulating shell body base body and an insulating shell cover body; the plurality of terminal electrodes comprise a first terminal electrode and a second terminal electrode, and the plurality of terminal electrodes respectively penetrate through the insulating outer shell and are respectively supported by the insulating outer shell; a fusible conductor electrically connecting the first and second end electrodes to form a bi-directional current path between the first and second end electrodes; and a first heat generating component disposed on a lower surface or below the fusible conductor, wherein an orthographic projection of the first heat generating component on the fusible conductor does not overlap with an orthographic projection of the terminal electrodes on the fusible conductor, the first heat generating component includes a plurality of first heat generating body electrodes and a first heat generating body, the plurality of first heat generating body electrodes and the first heat generating body form a sandwich structure, and one end of the first heat generating component is coupled to the fusible conductor.

The present invention provides a battery pack including: at least one battery element; in the composite protection element, the composite protection element is connected in series with the at least one battery element to form at least one charging/discharging current path; a switching circuit coupled to a second terminal of the first heat emitter; and a detection control circuit for detecting the voltage or temperature of the at least one battery element and determining the state of the switch circuit according to the detected voltage or temperature.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite protection element 888 according to the invention.

Fig. 1A is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite protection element 888 according to the invention.

Fig. 1B is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the fusible conductor of the composite protection element 888 being blown.

Fig. 1C is an external view of the composite protection element 888.

FIG. 1D is an equivalent circuit diagram of the composite protection device 888.

Fig. 1E is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite protection element 888 according to the invention.

Fig. 1F is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite protection element 888 according to the invention.

Fig. 1G is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite protection element 888 according to the invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite protection element 888a according to the invention.

Fig. 2A is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a fusible conductor of the composite protection element 888a being blown.

FIG. 2B is an equivalent circuit diagram of the composite protection devices 888a and 888B.

Fig. 2C is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite protection element 888a according to the invention.

Fig. 2D is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite protection element 888a1 according to the invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite protection element 888b according to the invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite protection element 888c according to the invention.

Fig. 4A is an equivalent circuit diagram of the composite protection element 888 c.

Fig. 4B is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite protection element 888c1 according to the invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite protection element 888d according to the invention.

Fig. 6 is a circuit diagram of a battery pack 588 of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

888. 888a, 888b, 888c1, 888 d: composite protection element

1: charging device or electronic device

2: charge-discharge control circuit

4: battery element

5: detection control circuit

S: switching circuit

6: porous ceramic structure

7(1), 7 (2): heat generating component

7a, 7b, 7a (2): electrode of heating body

7 c: heating body

7 z: adsorption electrode

7z 1: upper surface of the adsorption electrode

7z 2: lower surface of the adsorption electrode

8: fusible conductor

8 x: upper surface of fusible conductor

8 y: lower surface of fusible conductor

10: insulating substrate

11. 21, 31: terminal electrode

11x, 21 x: upper surface of the terminal electrode

11y, 21 y: lower surface of terminal electrode

16: insulating layer

18: opening of the container

19 insulating outer casing

19a cover body of insulating outer shell

19b insulating case base

19x concave part

19x1, 19x2, 19x3, 19x4, 19x5, 19x 6: six faces of the insulating housing

588: battery pack

Ic. Id is input/output current or bidirectional current path

G1, G2 gap

L distance or area or gap between first and second terminal electrodes

Detailed Description

For a better understanding of the features and technical content of the present invention, reference should be made to the following description of the preferred embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Further, wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings and the description to refer to the same or like parts. The drawings are schematically illustrated, and the ratio of the dimensions may be different from the actual ones, and it should be determined by themselves in accordance with the following description. The examples are illustrated below:

[ COMPOSITE PROTECTIVE ELEMENT 888 ]

Fig. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view (a schematic cross-sectional view facing the front side of 19x5 in fig. 1C) of a composite protection element 888 according to a first embodiment of the invention. Fig. 1D shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the composite protection element 888. Please refer to fig. 1, fig. 1B, fig. 1C, and fig. 1D simultaneously. The composite protection element 888 of the embodiment includes: an insulated outer housing 19, two end electrodes, a first heat generating component 7(1) and a fusible conductor 8. The two terminal electrodes include a first terminal electrode 11 and a second terminal electrode 21. The insulating housing 19 includes an insulating housing cover 19a and an insulating housing base 19 b. The composition of the insulating housing 19 comprises one or a combination of a polymer (polymer) and a ceramic material or the like. Wherein the ceramic material comprises any one of silicon carbide SiC, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride SiN, graphite, etc., or a combination of two or more of them. Wherein the polymer comprises one or more of engineering plastics with good heat resistance. The main component of the insulating outer shell 19 of the composite protective element 888 of the first embodiment is polymer (polymer), which contains polyphenylene sulfide (polyphenylene sulfide). When the insulating housing 19 is formed into the shape of fig. 1 (or other shapes), the insulating housing cover 19a and the insulating housing base 19b may be divided into two parts (the structures of the two parts may be interchanged) and formed separately. The insulating housing cover 19a or the insulating housing base 19b may also be formed by integrally molding the first terminal electrode 11, the second terminal electrode 21, and the insulating housing cover 19a or the insulating housing base 19b through an insert molding process. The insulating housing 19 has six surfaces (fig. 1C), i.e., a left surface 19x1, a right surface 19x2, an upper surface 19x3, a bottom surface 19x4, a front surface 19x5, and a rear surface 19x6, and the insulating housing 19 may have any shape (e.g., a rectangular parallelepiped, a square, etc.).

The first heat generating component 7(1) may be disposed on a surface different from the two terminal electrodes (i.e., the first terminal electrode 11 and the second terminal electrode 21)The top surface 8x (see fig. 1) or above (side) of the fusible conductor 8 (see fig. 1G, cross-sectional view facing the front of 19x 2), or the side surface (see fig. 1F, cross-sectional view facing the front of 19x 2) or the side or lateral side (see fig. 1E, cross-sectional view facing the front of 19x 2) of the fusible conductor 8, and the orthographic projection of the first heat generating element 7(1) on the fusible conductor 8 is not overlapped with the orthographic projection of the terminal electrodes (i.e. the first terminal electrode 11 and the second terminal electrode 21) on the fusible conductor 8, one end of the first heat generating element 7(1) is coupled to the top surface 8x or the bottom surface 8y (see fig. 1G, cross-sectional view facing the front of 19x 2) or the top surface 8x and the bottom surface 8y (see fig. 1G, a cross-sectional view facing the front of 19x 2) or a side surface (please refer to fig. 1F, a cross-sectional view facing the front of 19x 2), the first heat generating element 7(1) includes two first heat generating body electrodes 7a and 7B and a first heat generating body 7c, and the three form a so-called sandwich structure (of course, the first heat generating element 7(1) of the present embodiment may not be a sandwich structure, please refer to fig. 4B), the first heat generating body 7c is sandwiched between the two first heat generating body electrodes 7a and 7B (for example: a chip type positive temperature coefficient resistor PTC resistor). The first heat generating body 7c is a relatively high resistance element (compared with the first fusible conductor 8) and has a characteristic of generating heat when a current passes therethrough, and the material thereof includes ruthenium dioxide (RuO)₂) And a ceramic element having one of ruthenium oxide, zinc oxide, ruthenium, copper, palladium, platinum, titanium carbide, tungsten carbide, platinum, molybdenum, tungsten, carbon black, an organic binder, an inorganic binder, and the like as a main component or a partial composition thereof as a main component. The first heat generating

body electrodes

7a, 7b may be a single-layer metal or a multi-layer metal structure, and the material of each layer includes one of copper, tin, lead, iron, nickel, aluminum, titanium, platinum, tungsten, zinc, iridium, cobalt, palladium, silver, gold, carbonyl iron, carbonyl nickel, carbonyl cobalt, or an alloy of a part thereof. In a so-called sandwich structure, any high insulation may be applied to the side of the first heat generating element 7(1) or between the first

heat generator electrodes

7a and 7b in order to maintain a high insulation resistance or high insulation property between the first heat generator electrodes 7a and 7bA material with impedance characteristics. It should be noted that the composite protection element 888 (please refer to fig. 1) of the embodiment shows that the first heat generating component 7(1) is disposed on the upper surface 8x of the substantially central portion of the fusible conductor 8. Of course, the first heat generating component 7(1) may be disposed on the upper surface 8x of the fusible conductor 8 on a different surface from the two terminal electrodes (i.e., the first terminal electrode 11 and the second terminal electrode 21), and the first heat generating component 7(1) may be coupled to the upper surface 8x of the fusible conductor 8 at any position where the orthographic projection of the fusible conductor 8 and the orthographic projection of the terminal electrodes (i.e., the first terminal electrode 11 and the second terminal electrode 21) on the fusible conductor 8 do not overlap, and one end of the first heat generating component 7(1) is coupled to the upper surface 8x of the fusible conductor 8.

The two terminal electrodes (i.e., the first terminal electrode 11 and the second terminal electrode 21) penetrate through the insulating housing cover 19a and are supported by the insulating housing cover 19 a. One end (first end) of each of the terminal electrodes (i.e., the first terminal electrode 11 and the second terminal electrode 21) is disposed (exposed) outside the insulating outer housing 19 (the first end may be unbent, as shown in fig. 1, or bent downward or upward, as shown in fig. 1A), and the other end (second end) is disposed (floating) inside the insulating outer housing 19 or extends into the insulating outer housing 19 (the second end may be unbent, bent or branched, as shown in fig. 4, the third terminal electrode includes two second ends). Furthermore, a gap G1 exists between the second end of the first terminal electrode 11 and the dielectric housing 19b, and a gap G2 also exists between the second end of the second terminal electrode 21 and the dielectric housing 19b, so that the temperature influence between the terminal electrode (the first terminal electrode 11 or the second terminal electrode 21) and the dielectric housing 19 can be reduced. In addition, since the first terminal electrode 11 and the second terminal electrode 21 are formed by other processes (e.g., pressing process) instead of printing process, the designer can adjust the thickness and density of the first terminal electrode 11 and the second terminal electrode 21 according to the actual application or design requirement to reduce the internal resistance of the first terminal electrode 11 and the second terminal electrode 21. The material of the terminal electrode of the present invention includes a sheet-like or strip-like metal made of a material containing any one of gold, silver, copper, tin, lead, aluminum, nickel, palladium, platinum, etc. as a main component or a combination of parts thereof as a main component. In addition, the surface of the portion of the terminal electrode exposed outside the insulating housing 19 may be plated with one or more layers of less-oxidizable or more-stable metal materials such as: nickel, tin, lead, aluminum, nickel, gold, and the like. Therefore, it is avoided that the first terminal electrode 11 and the second terminal electrode 21 are melted due to high temperature generated when a large current flows through the first terminal electrode 11 and the second terminal electrode 21. All of the terminal electrodes of the present invention can be implemented in a manner similar to that described above. It should be noted that the second ends of the first terminal electrode 11 and the second terminal electrode 21 of the present embodiment may also be supported by the insulating outer housing body 19b or have no gaps G1 and G2 (as shown in fig. 1A), or at least one of the second ends of the first terminal electrode 11 and the second terminal electrode 21 has a gap (G1 or G2).

The fusible conductor 8 of the present embodiment is disposed within an insulated outer housing 19. The insulating outer case 19 has a function of protecting elements inside the insulating outer case 19, such as: the fusible conductor 8, the first end electrode 11, the second end of the second end electrode 21, and the first heat generating component 7 (1). The fusible conductor 8 may be a multilayer structure having a low melting point conductor layer and a high melting point conductor layer, wherein the melting points of the low melting point conductor layer and the high melting point conductor layer are different. Of course, the fusible conductor 8 may be a single-layer structure including only a single-melting-point metal conductor layer (low-melting-point conductor layer or high-melting-point conductor layer). The material of the low-melting-point conductor layer in the soluble conductor 8 includes a lead-containing or lead-free metal alloy containing tin as a main component. The material of the high-melting-point conductor layer in the fusible conductor 8 includes an alloy composed of silver, copper, tin, bismuth, indium, zinc, aluminum, and the like. All fusible conductors of the present invention are suitable for use in the above description. The lower surfaces 8y of the two ends of the fusible conductor 8 in this embodiment are respectively disposed on the first terminal electrode 11 and the second terminal electrode 21, or are respectively disposed on the upper surface 11x of the first terminal electrode 11 and the upper surface 21x of the second terminal electrode 21, and are electrically connected to the first terminal electrode 11 and the second terminal electrode 21, so as to form a bidirectional current path between the first terminal electrode 11 and the second terminal electrode 21. It should be noted that the fusible conductor 8 in the present embodiment is supported by the first terminal electrode 11 and the second terminal electrode 21, especially when the first heat generating component 7(1) is configured above or on the upper surface or on the side surface of the fusible conductor 8. In addition, the first heat generating component 7(1) in the embodiment may also be disposed below or under the fusible conductor 8 (see fig. 1A), or disposed below or under the fusible conductor 8 (see fig. 1A) or above or on the fusible conductor 8 (see fig. 1), or disposed on a side or side surface of the fusible conductor 8 (see fig. 1E and fig. 1F, and the first heat generating component 7(1) includes first

heat generating electrodes

7a, 7a (2) and 7b and a first heat generating body 7c, wherein the first heat generating electrode 7a (2) or 7a is coupled to the fusible conductor 8 or the lower surface 8y or the upper surface 8x or the side surface of the fusible conductor 8 and is electrically connected to the fusible conductor 8.

[ description of actions of Compound protection element 888 ]

Referring to fig. 1B, when a current lower than the rated current flows through the fusible conductor 8, the composite protection element 888 does not operate, and the original state of the composite protection element 888 is maintained. When a current higher than the rated current value flows through the fusible conductor 8, the fusible conductor 8 is blown out by its own heat (see fig. 1B). The portion where the fusible conductor 8 is blown is shown in fig. 1B as a position interposed between the first heat generating component 7(1) and the first terminal electrode 11. Of course, it is also possible that the position of fusing occurs at a position (not shown) between the first heat generating member 7(1) and the second terminal electrode 21.

[ variation example: FIG. 1A ]

The composite protective element 888 shown in fig. 1A is a variation of the first embodiment, with the main differences: the second ends of the first terminal electrode 11 and the second terminal electrode 21 in the present modification are supported by the insulating case base 19b or have no gaps G1 and G2. Wherein the two ends of the fusible conductor 8 are electrically connected to the first terminal electrode 11 and the second terminal electrode 21, respectively, wherein one embodiment of the electrical connection is: the solder 9 is disposed between the first terminal electrode 11 and the fusible conductor 8 and the solder 9 is disposed between the second terminal electrode 21 and the fusible conductor 8, and the first terminal electrode 11 and the second terminal electrode 21 are respectively coupled to two ends of the fusible conductor 8 through a reflow process, so as to achieve the purpose of electrical connection. The above-described method can be applied to the electrical connection mentioned anywhere in the present specification. Of course, any other electrical connection methods known in the art can be applied to the present invention. In the present modification, the fusible conductor 8 is also supported by the first heat generating component 7(1), or the first heat generating component 7(1) is disposed below or below the lower surface 8y of the fusible conductor 8 (please refer to fig. 1E and 1G, the first heat generating component 7(1) may be disposed below or below the fusible conductor 8 by using a method similar to that shown in fig. 1E and 1G, and then coupled to the lower surface 8y or the upper surface 8x or the side surface of the fusible conductor 8 through the first heat generating electrode 7a (2)). The operation description of this variation is the same as that of the first embodiment, and please refer to it for its own.

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a composite protection element 888a according to a second embodiment of the invention. Fig. 2B is an equivalent circuit diagram of the composite protection element 888 a. The composite protection element 888a of the present embodiment is similar to the composite protection element 888 of the first embodiment, and the main difference therebetween is: the composite protection element 888a of the embodiment further includes a third terminal electrode 31. The third terminal electrode 31 penetrates the insulating housing body 19b and is supported by the insulating housing body 19 b. One end (first end) of the third terminal electrode 31 is disposed (exposed) outside the insulating outer housing 19, and the other end (second end) is disposed (floated) in the insulating outer housing 19 or extends into the insulating outer housing 19. The first heat emitter electrode 7b is coupled and electrically connected to the third terminal electrode 31, and the first heat emitter electrode 7a is coupled and electrically connected to a substantially central portion of the fusible conductor 8, or coupled to the upper surface 8x or the lower surface 8y of the fusible conductor 8. In this embodiment, the fusible conductor 8 of the composite protection element 888a includes a thin portion 8a and a thick portion 8 b. Of course, the fusible conductor 8 of the present embodiment may not include the thin portion 8a and the thick portion 8b, but may have the same thickness. The thin portion 8a of the fusible conductor 8 is disposed at the approximately central portion of the fusible conductor 8, the thick portions 8b are disposed at both ends of the fusible conductor 8, and the thin portion 8a is coupled to or electrically connected to the first heat generator electrode 7a of the first heat generating component 7(1), and the thick portions 8b at both ends are coupled to or electrically connected to the first terminal electrode 11 and the second terminal electrode 21, respectively. It is to be noted that the thin portion 8a and the thick portion 8b of the fusible conductor 8 are made to pass the same rated current value, and the thin portion 8a functions to be melted at a higher speed (relative to the thick portion 8b) when the first heat generating member 7(1) generates heat. It should be noted that the first heat generating component 7(1) of the present embodiment is disposed below the fusible conductor 8, and of course, the first heat generating component 7(1) may also be disposed above or beside the fusible conductor 8, and one end of the first heat generating component 7(1) is coupled to the upper surface 8x or the lower surface 8y of the fusible conductor 8.

[ description of actions of Compound protection element 888a ]

Referring to fig. 1B, the operation of the composite protection device 888a when an overcurrent occurs is similar to the operation of the composite protection device 888 according to the first embodiment. Referring to fig. 2A, another protection action of the composite protection element 888a is that, when the first heat generating component 7(1) generates heat, the thin portion 8a of the fusible conductor 8 on the first heat generating component 7(1) is fused, and the fusible conductor 8 is disconnected, so that the first end electrode 11 and the second end electrode 21 of the composite protection element 888a provide a first bidirectional current path to be disconnected (open), and a portion of the fused thin portion 8a is adsorbed on the first heat generating component 7 (1).

[ variation example: FIG. 2C

The composite protective element 888a shown in fig. 2C is a variation of the second embodiment, with the main differences: the composite protection element 888a of this modification further includes an insulating substrate 10. The insulating substrate 10 is disposed within the insulating housing 19 and above or to the side of the fusible conductor 8. The first heat generating component 7(1) is disposed in the insulating substrate 10 (of course, the first heat generating component 7(1) may also be disposed on the insulating substrate 10, please refer to fig. 4B). The first heat generator electrode 7a is coupled to and electrically connected to the upper surface 8x of the fusible conductor 8 between the central portion and the second terminal electrode 21. The first heat generator electrode 7b is coupled to and electrically connected to the third terminal electrode 31. Of course, the first heat emitter electrode 7a may also be coupled and electrically connected to the upper surface 8x of the fusible conductor 8 between the central portion and the first terminal electrode 11. In addition, the first heat-generating body electrode 7a may also be coupled to and electrically connected to the upper surface 8x of the central portion of the fusible conductor 8 (see fig. 4B). It should be noted that, since the position of the first heat emitter electrode 7a coupled to the upper surface 8x of the fusible conductor 8 is biased to be between the central portion and the second end electrode 21, the resistance value of the fusible conductor 8 located between the first heat emitter electrode 7a and the second end electrode 21 is lower than or less than the resistance value of the fusible conductor 8 located between the first heat emitter electrode 7a and the first end electrode 11, or the length of the fusible conductor 8 located between the first heat emitter electrode 7a and the second end electrode 21 is shorter than or less than the length of the fusible conductor 8 located between the first heat emitter electrode 7a and the first end electrode 11, or when a current larger than a rated current flows through the fusible conductor 8, the fusible conductor 8 located between the first heat emitter electrode 7a and the first end electrode 11 is blown (because the heat dissipation condition of the fusible conductor 8 located between the first heat emitter electrode 7a and the second end electrode 21 is better than that of the first heat emitter electrode 7a and the first end electrode 7a Heat dissipation conditions of the fusible conductor 8 between the poles 11). Of course, the first heat emitter electrode 7a in fig. 1E, 1F may also be coupled and electrically connected to any position of the fusible conductor 8 side surface between the second terminal electrode 21 and the first terminal electrode 11. In addition, the insulating housing body 19b of the present embodiment includes the concave portion 19x, and is technically characterized in that when the fusible conductor 8 is partially melted by the heat generated by the first heat generator 7c, the partially melted fusible conductor 8 can be confined in the concave portion 19x, and the insulating resistance between the first terminal electrode 11 and the second terminal electrode 21 cannot meet the requirement of high resistance or the requirement of open circuit (open circuit).

Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a composite protection element 888b according to a third embodiment of the invention. Referring to fig. 3 and fig. 2, the protection component 888b of the present embodiment is similar to the protection component 888a of the second embodiment, but the main difference is: in the present embodiment, the heights of the first terminal electrode 11 and the second terminal electrode 21 are higher than the height of the first heat generating element 7(1), so that the heights of the two ends of the fusible conductor 8 (the fusible conductor 8 on the first terminal electrode 11 and the second terminal electrode 21) and the approximate central portion (the fusible conductor 8 on the first heat generating element 7 (1)) have a difference, the fusible conductor 8 has a change in slope between the approximate central portion and the first terminal electrode 11, and the fusible conductor 8 also has a change in slope between the approximate central portion and the second terminal electrode 21, and the difference in height contributes to shortening the time for fusing the fusible conductor 8. The operation of the protection component 888b of the present embodiment can refer to the related description of the protection component 888a of the second embodiment, and is not repeated herein.

Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a composite protection element 888c according to a fourth embodiment of the invention. Fig. 4A shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the composite protection element 888 c. The composite protection element 888c of the present embodiment is similar to the composite protection element 888 of the first embodiment, but the two main differences are: the composite protection element 888c of the embodiment further comprises a second heat generating component 7(2) and a third end electrode 31. The second heat generating element 7(2) is disposed in the insulating outer case 19, is located below the substantially central portion of the soluble conductor 8, includes two second

heating element electrodes

7a and 7b and a second heating element 7c, and has a so-called sandwich structure, and the second heating element 7c is sandwiched between the two second

heating element electrodes

7a and 7b (for example, a chip-type positive temperature coefficient resistor PTC resistor). The second heat generating component 7(2) is electrically connected in parallel with the first heat generating component 7 (1). More specifically, the second heat generating element electrode 7a of the second heat generating component 7(2) is electrically connected to the substantially central portion of the fusible conductor 8, the second heat generating element electrode 7b of the second heat generating component 7(2) is electrically connected to the third terminal electrode 31, the first heat generating element electrode 7a of the first heat generating component 7(1) is electrically connected to the substantially central portion of the fusible conductor 8, and the first heat generating element electrode 7b of the first heat generating component 7(1) is electrically connected to the third terminal electrode 31. It should be noted that the first heat generating element 7(1) may not be a so-called sandwich structure, but may be any structure known in the art (see fig. 4B and 2C).

[ description of actions of Compound protection element 888c ]

The second heat generating component 7(2) functions such that when the first heat generating component 7(1) and the second heat generating component 7(2) generate heat simultaneously, the fusible conductor 8 located between the first heat generating component 7(1) and the second heat generating component 7(2) is blown faster than the fusible conductor 8 of the composite protection element 888 of the second embodiment because the fusible conductor 8 is heated by the lower second heat generating component 7(2) and the upper first heat generating component 7(1) simultaneously. The fusible conductor 8, which is partially melted, is adsorbed between the first heat generating component 7(1) and the second heat generating component 7(2) (not shown).

Fig. 4B is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite protection element 888c1 according to a fifth embodiment of the invention. Fig. 4A shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the composite protection element 888c 1. The composite protection element 888c1 of the present embodiment is similar to the composite protection element 888c of the fourth embodiment, but the main differences are: the composite protection device 888c1 of the present embodiment further includes an insulating substrate 10 and an insulating layer 16. The insulating substrate 10 is disposed in the insulating housing 19 and above the fusible conductor 8 (of course, may be disposed on the side of the fusible conductor 8). The first heat generating component 7(1) is disposed on the insulating substrate 10 (of course, the first heat generating component 7(1) may also be disposed in the insulating substrate 10, please refer to fig. 2C). The first heat generator electrode 7a is electrically connected to a substantially central portion of the soluble conductor 8, and the insulating layer 16 is disposed between the first heat generator 7c and the first heat generator electrode 7 a. It should be noted that the composite protection element 888c1 of the embodiment may not include the insulating layer 16, and only the first heat generator 7c and the first

heat generator electrodes

7a and 7b need to be disposed on the insulating substrate 10 in parallel. In addition, the first heat generating component 7(1) of the composite type protective element 888c1 of the embodiment can also be disposed in the insulating substrate 10 by simply extending or electrically connecting the first heat generating

body electrodes

7a, 7b to the insulating substrate 10. In addition, the insulating substrate 10 and the first heat generating component 7(1) of the fifth embodiment may be disposed at any position within the insulating outer case 19 except for the region where the two regions intersect the region directly below the fusible conductor 8 and the region between the first terminal electrode 11 and the second terminal electrode 21 adjacent to each other.

Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a composite protection element 888d according to a sixth embodiment of the invention. The composite protection element 888d of the present embodiment is similar to the composite protection element 888c of the fourth embodiment, but the two main differences are: the insulating outer shell 19 of the composite protection element 888d further includes an opening 18 and a porous ceramic structure 6 (conventional in the art).

The insulating housing body 19b of the present embodiment includes an opening 18 (see fig. 5). In detail, the insulating outer housing 19 of the present embodiment may include one opening 18, or may include a plurality of openings 18 (as shown in fig. 1C), and may be located at any position of the insulating outer housing 19. In addition, the insulating housing cover 19a of the present embodiment includes the porous ceramic structure 6, and is characterized in that: the insulating housing cover 19a has a porous ceramic structure 6, the main component of which is composed of ceramic powder, and the porous ceramic structure is formed by sintering through a sintering process, and gaps or holes are generated between ceramic particles, so that the minimum diameter of the holes of the porous ceramic structure 6 of the insulating housing cover 19a of the embodiment is smaller than that of the openings 18, or the number of the holes of the insulating housing cover 19a of the embodiment is greater than that of the openings 18 of the insulating housing base 19b, and most of the holes of the insulating housing cover 19a of the embodiment are communicated. When the rated voltage and the rated current of the composite protection element 888d are higher (e.g. greater than 30A or 50A or more than 100A), the high voltage generated by the gas at the moment the fusible conductor 8 is blown out can be discharged more uniformly through the porous and interconnected structure of the insulating outer shell 19 or can be discharged through one or more openings 18 of the insulating outer shell 19. The opening 18 of the insulating housing body 19b of the present embodiment is formed to penetrate from the surface to the inside of the insulating housing body 19, and has a minimum diameter of 0.05mm or more or a minimum single side length of 0.05mm or more. The multi-hole ceramic structure 6 of the present embodiment is not a single size or dimension, but is composed of different gaps (or distances) between each ceramic particle, the multi-hole ceramic structure from the surface to the inside of the insulating outer shell 19 of the present embodiment is formed by combining high thermal conductivity ceramic powders (such as silicon carbide SiC) with different particle sizes by high pressure extrusion and roll forming or pressure forming or blending into slurry and pouring, and sintering into the multi-hole ceramic structure with gaps. The insulating outer shell 19 of the composite protective element of all embodiments of the present invention may comprise one or more openings 18 or porous ceramic structures 6. The porous ceramic structure 6 may be partially formed in any shape, and need not be the entire insulating case cover 19a as shown in fig. 5. The porous ceramic structure 6 may also be disposed anywhere on the insulating outer shell 19.

Fig. 2D is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite protection element 888a1 according to a seventh embodiment of the invention. Fig. 2B shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the composite protection element 888a 1. The composite protection element 888a1 of the present embodiment is similar to the composite protection element 888 of the first embodiment, and the main differences are: the composite protection element 888a1 of the embodiment further includes a third terminal electrode 31 and a chucking electrode 7 z. The third terminal electrode 31 penetrates the insulating housing body 19b and is supported by the insulating housing body 19 b. One end (first end) of the third terminal electrode 31 is disposed (exposed) outside the insulating outer housing 19, and the other end (second end) is disposed (floated) in the insulating outer housing 19 or extends into the insulating outer housing 19. The first heat emitter electrode 7b is coupled and electrically connected to the third terminal electrode 31, and the first heat emitter electrode 7a is coupled and electrically connected to a substantially central portion of the fusible conductor 8, or coupled to the upper surface 8x or the lower surface 8y of the fusible conductor 8. One end of the chucking electrode 7z is coupled to the lower surface 8y of the fusible conductor 8, and the other end is coupled to the insulating housing body base 19b (wherein the height of the lower surface 7z2 of the chucking electrode 7z may be lower than or equal to the height of the second end

lower surfaces

11y, 21y of at least one of the first and second end electrodes 11, 21). The material of the adsorption electrode 7z includes a sheet-like or strip-like metal made of a material containing any one of gold, silver, copper, tin, lead, aluminum, nickel, palladium, platinum, and the like as a main component or a combination of parts thereof as a main component. Alternatively, the surface of the chucking electrode 7z may be plated with one or more layers of a metal material that is less susceptible to oxidation or more stable or a metal material that is more susceptible to adsorption of the fused fusible conductor 8, such as: nickel, tin, lead, aluminum, nickel, gold, and the like. It should be noted that the first heat generating component 7(1) of the present embodiment is disposed above the fusible conductor 8, and of course, the first heat generating component 7(1) may also be disposed at a side of the fusible conductor 8, and one end of the first heat generating component 7(1) is coupled to the upper surface 8x of the fusible conductor 8.

Fig. 6 shows a circuit diagram of a battery pack 588 as an embodiment of the invention. The battery pack 588 includes: a battery element 4, a charging/discharging control circuit 2, a detection control circuit 5, a switch circuit and a composite protection element 888. The battery element 4 has four battery elements 4-1, 4-2, 4-3, 4-4 (but the present invention is not limited thereto). The charge and discharge control circuit 2 is responsible for controlling the on and off of the charge and discharge currents (Ic, Id). The initial state of the switch circuit S is an open circuit, and the switch circuit S can be short-circuited or turned on according to the input signal. The detection control circuit 5 detects the voltage value or the temperature value of each battery element 4-1, 4-2, 4-3, 4-4 in the battery elements 4 respectively, and outputs a signal to the charge-discharge control circuit 2 or the switch circuit S. The

terminal electrodes

11 and 21 of the combined protection element 888 are connected in series between the battery element 4 and the charge/discharge control circuit 2, so as to form different charge/discharge paths (i.e. paths of the current Ic and the current Id). The charging and discharging control circuit 2 in the rechargeable battery pack 588 of the present embodiment can turn on and off the charging and discharging current according to the signals output by the external charging device 1 or the electronic device 1 and the detection control circuit 5. When a current Ic higher than the rated current value flows through the fusible conductor 8 or a current Id higher than the rated current value flows through the fusible conductor 8, the fusible conductor 8 blows to open the path of the charging current Ic or the discharging current Id, so as to achieve an overcurrent protection function of protecting the battery element 4 or the battery pack 588. In addition, when the detection control circuit 5 detects that any one of the battery elements 4-1, 4-2, 4-3, 4-4 is abnormal (e.g., over-charged or over-temperature), it will send a signal to the switch circuit S to switch the switch circuit S to a short-circuit state or a conducting state, so that the current can flow through the first heat generator 7 c. The first heat generator 7c blows the fusible conductor 8 by heat generated by energization to disconnect the charging current Ic and the discharging current Id, thereby achieving the function of over-charge, over-voltage, or over-temperature protection of the chargeable and dischargeable battery pack 588.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A composite protective element, comprising:

the insulating shell comprises an insulating shell body base body and an insulating shell cover body;

the plurality of terminal electrodes comprise a first terminal electrode and a second terminal electrode, and the plurality of terminal electrodes respectively penetrate through the insulating outer shell and are respectively supported by the insulating outer shell;

a fusible conductor, wherein lower surfaces of both ends of the fusible conductor are respectively arranged on the first terminal electrode and the second terminal electrode, and the fusible conductor is electrically connected with the first terminal electrode and the second terminal electrode so as to form a bidirectional current path between the first terminal electrode and the second terminal electrode; and

a first heat generating component disposed on or above an upper surface of the fusible conductor on a surface different from the plurality of terminal electrodes, or disposed on a side surface or a side edge of the fusible conductor, and an orthographic projection of the first heat generating component on the fusible conductor does not overlap with an orthographic projection of the plurality of terminal electrodes on the fusible conductor, wherein one end of the first heat generating component is coupled to the fusible conductor, and wherein the first heat generating component includes a first heat generating body.

2. The composite protective element of claim 1, wherein the first heat generating component further comprises a plurality of first heat generating body electrodes, and the plurality of first heat generating body electrodes and the first heat generating body form a sandwich structure.

3. The composite protective element of claim 1 wherein said fusible conductor comprises a thin portion and a thick portion.

4. The composite protective element according to claim 3, wherein the fusible conductor has a thin portion at a central portion thereof, and wherein the fusible conductor has thick portions at both ends thereof, and wherein the thin portion is coupled to or electrically connected with the first heat generating body electrode of the first heat generating component, and wherein the thick portions at both ends are coupled to or electrically connected with the first terminal electrode and the second terminal electrode, respectively.

5. The composite protective element according to claim 1, further comprising a second heat generating component disposed below the fusible conductor, wherein the second heat generating component comprises a plurality of second heater electrodes and a second heater, and the plurality of second heater electrodes and the second heater form a sandwich structure.

6. The composite protective element of claim 5, further comprising a third terminal electrode, wherein one end of the first heat generating component is electrically connected to the fusible conductor and the other end of the first heat generating component is electrically connected to the third terminal electrode, the first heat generating component being electrically connected in parallel with the second heat generating component.

7. The composite protective element of claim 1, further comprising a third terminal electrode, wherein one end of the first heat generating component is electrically connected to the fusible conductor and the other end of the first heat generating component is electrically connected to the third terminal electrode.

8. The composite protective element of claim 7, further comprising an insulating substrate, wherein the first heat generating component is disposed on or within the insulating substrate.

9. The composite protective element of claim 7 further comprising a wicking electrode, one end of the wicking electrode coupled to the fusible conductor and the other end coupled to the outer insulative housing.

10. The composite protective element according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein said insulating outer shell comprises an open or porous ceramic structure.

11. A composite protective element, comprising:

a fusible conductor electrically connecting the first and second end electrodes to form a bi-directional current path between the first and second end electrodes; and

the first heat generating component is arranged on the lower surface or below the fusible conductor, the orthographic projection of the first heat generating component on the fusible conductor and the orthographic projection of the terminal electrodes on the fusible conductor are not overlapped, the first heat generating component comprises a plurality of first heat generating body electrodes and a first heat generating body, the first heat generating body electrodes and the first heat generating body form a sandwich structure, and one end of the first heat generating component is coupled with the fusible conductor.

12. The composite protective element of claim 11, further comprising a third terminal electrode, wherein one end of the first heat generating component is electrically connected to the fusible conductor and the other end of the first heat generating component is electrically connected to the third terminal electrode.

13. A battery pack, comprising:

at least one battery element;

the composite protective element according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the composite protective element is connected in series with the at least one battery element to form at least one charging/discharging current path;

a switching circuit coupled to a second terminal of the first heat emitter; and

the detection control circuit is used for detecting the voltage or the temperature of the at least one battery element and determining the state of the switch circuit according to the detected voltage or temperature.