CN108627404B - System and method for testing explosion venting flame induced vapor cloud explosion - Google Patents
System and method for testing explosion venting flame induced vapor cloud explosion Download PDFInfo
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- CN108627404B CN108627404B CN201810876503.3A CN201810876503A CN108627404B CN 108627404 B CN108627404 B CN 108627404B CN 201810876503 A CN201810876503 A CN 201810876503A CN 108627404 B CN108627404 B CN 108627404B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
- G01N3/313—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated by explosives
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention discloses a test system and a test method for explosion venting flame to induce vapor cloud explosion, and relates to test equipment and a test method for researching explosion venting flame to induce vapor cloud explosion. The device comprises a gas distribution device, an ignition device, an explosion device, a data acquisition and processing device, a high-speed digital camera and a matched vapor cloud simulation device. The gas distribution device comprises a combustible gas source, a gas distribution source and a gas distribution tank; the ignition device comprises an igniter which is arranged on the explosion device; the data acquisition and processing device comprises a pressure sensor, a flame sensor, a signal amplifying circuit, a data acquisition instrument, a computer and a pressure sensor which are arranged on the cylindrical container; the flame sensor is connected with the input end of the signal amplifier, the output end of the signal amplifier is connected with the input end of the data acquisition instrument, and the output end of the data acquisition instrument is connected with the computer; the explosion device is arranged between the gas distribution device and the data acquisition and processing device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a test system and a test method for explosion venting flame to induce vapor cloud explosion, and relates to test equipment and a test method for researching explosion venting flame to induce vapor cloud explosion.
Background
In the industrial production process, the cylindrical containers are very common in single use or combined use, and if the reaction is out of control or the container has defects, accidents such as fire explosion and the like can be caused, so that personnel and property losses are caused. In the explosion venting process of the cylindrical container, the size of the container, the structural size of the reactor when connected, the distance between the reactor and the vapor cloud and the size of the vapor cloud are often different due to different technological processes, and the risk degree of accidents is also different.
The existing research results have quite different experimental conditions, lack of systematicness and cannot carry out statistical analysis on experimental data. Vessel antiknock and venting safety designs and vapor cloud safety distance settings are typically directed using simulated experimental data or traditional theoretical calculation models.
Therefore, a set of test system capable of systematically researching explosion venting flame to induce vapor cloud explosion needs to be developed, experiments and theoretical researches on the explosion process of the explosion venting flame to induce the vapor cloud explosion under various structural and dimensional conditions are developed, the law of the explosion venting flame to induce the vapor cloud explosion is revealed, the explosion intensity of the vapor cloud is predicted, the method has important theoretical value and practical significance for effectively preventing and controlling such disastrous accidents, and research results provide basis for safety technologies such as explosion isolation, explosion suppression and the like for surrounding vapor cloud in the explosion venting process of an industrial container.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a test system and a test method for explosion venting flame to induce vapor cloud explosion, which are capable of systematically researching the characteristics of the explosion venting flame to induce vapor cloud explosion under a series of structural size conditions, and the research result is not extensive and cannot be applied to solving the problems of actual working conditions.
The invention relates to a testing device for explosion venting flame to induce vapor cloud explosion and a testing method thereof, which are realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the explosion venting flame induced vapor cloud explosion testing system comprises a gas distribution device, an ignition device, an explosion device, a data acquisition and processing device and a high-speed digital camera.
The gas distribution device comprises a combustible gas source, a gas distribution source and a gas distribution tank, wherein the input end of the gas distribution tank is respectively connected with the combustible gas source and the gas distribution source, and the other output of the gas distribution tank is communicated with the input port of the explosion device.
The ignition device comprises an igniter which is arranged on the explosion device, and the igniter adopts an electronic igniter (electric spark ignition). According to the different mounting positions of the igniter, the ignition at different positions can be realized; according to the difference of depths entering the container, two forms of ignition of wall ignition and center ignition of the container can be realized.
The data acquisition and processing device comprises a pressure sensor, a flame sensor, a signal amplifier, a data acquisition instrument, a computer and a pressure sensor which are arranged on the cylindrical detonation container; the flame sensor is connected with the input end of the signal amplifier, the output end of the signal amplifier is connected with the input end of the data acquisition instrument, and the output end of the data acquisition instrument is connected with the computer.
The explosion device is arranged between the gas distribution device and the data acquisition and processing device and comprises a cylindrical detonating device and a vapor cloud simulation device. The cylindrical detonation device is provided with cylindrical detonation containers, and the cylindrical detonation containers can be freely butted through flanges.
The high-speed digital camera is used for shooting flame when the combustible gas in the container explodes, the lens of the high-speed digital camera is opposite to an observation section of a position to be monitored, and the output end of the high-speed digital camera is connected with the computer.
The cylindrical detonation container has various dimensions and specifications, and is used for researching the explosion venting characteristics of combustible gas in containers with different sizes or shapes and the induction effect of the combustible gas on vapor cloud explosion.
The parts of the explosion device are conveniently connected and combined by changing the cylindrical detonation container and the connecting structure between the cylindrical detonation container and the connecting structure, and the explosion venting flame is researched from three aspects of structure, shape and size and distance between the explosion venting flame and the vapor cloud to induce the vapor cloud explosion.
The cylindrical detonation container is respectively 2:1 and 1:1 according to the length-diameter ratio (the ratio of the length to the inner diameter). The volume of the cylindrical detonation vessel with the length-diameter ratio of 2:1 is 11L-113L, and the preferable volumes are respectively: 11L, 55L, 113L. Aspect ratio (ratio of length to inner diameter) of 1:1 is 11L to 113L, preferably the volumes are respectively: 11L, 55L, 113L.
The cylindrical detonation container is provided with a high-strength organic glass observation section and is used for shooting flame images when gas explodes by a high-speed digital camera. The cylindrical detonation container is provided with 5 observation sections which are respectively positioned at the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of the cylindrical container body, the vertical guide pipe and the horizontal guide pipe.
The cylindrical detonation container is provided with an igniter interface, a sensor interface and an air inlet and outlet. The cylindrical detonation container is provided with 3 igniter interfaces which are respectively positioned at the upper, middle and lower 3 positions of the container; the multiple igniter interfaces can realize ignition at different positions of the container, and the characteristic of the explosion venting flame for inducing vapor cloud explosion is studied. The sensor includes a pressure sensor and a flame sensor. Sensor interfaces are uniformly distributed at the characteristic positions of the cylindrical detonation container, so that systematic monitoring of the explosion characteristics of the combustible gas at the characteristic positions of the explosion device can be realized. The characteristic positions include: the combination part of the leading-out conduit and the cylindrical detonation container, the shoulder part of the spherical container, the horizontal maximum outline part of the spherical container, the shoulder part of the cylindrical detonation container, the upper part and the lower part of the cylindrical detonation container. The gas inlet and outlet are used for filling and discharging combustible premixed gas, purging a container and circulating the premixed gas, and a circulating mode of lower inlet and upper outlet or left inlet and right outlet is adopted to ensure uniform mixing of the combustible gas.
The lower part of the cylindrical detonation container is supported by a stable steel frame, and universal wheels are arranged, so that the containers are convenient to mutually combine.
The steam cloud simulation device is used for simulating the explosion condition of the steam cloud under the induction of the explosion venting flame, and researching the safety distance under various working conditions by adjusting the distance between the steam cloud and the explosion venting flame.
The vapor cloud simulation device comprises a guide rail which can be adjusted at will and a steel base used for installing a vapor cloud film. The bottom of the guide rail is provided with a hook which is convenient to connect and fix with the explosion device; the steel base comprises 4 clamping grooves with different sizes and is used for matching with films with different sizes to simulate vapor clouds with different sizes.
The hemispherical films used in the vapor cloud simulation device are polyvinyl chloride, the thickness of the hemispherical films is 0.05 mm, and the hemispherical films have 5 sizes of 0.2 m, 0.4 m, 0.6 m, 0.8 m, 1m and the like in diameter. The corresponding base plate is made of 16Mn steel, and the corresponding position on the base plate is provided with an igniter and a pressure sensor mounting interface. Four pulleys are arranged on the back of the bottom plate and can be embedded into the track.
The ignition device is a high-energy electronic igniter (model: XDH-6L), the ignition energy is 6J, and the ignition device has high ignition speed and convenient operation. By customizing the ignition guns of different lengths, the ignition in the center of the container and the wall ignition can be realized.
The high-speed digital camera has the highest resolution @ shooting rate of the image acquisition device (model: phantom V7.3): 800 x 600 @ 6688 frames/second; highest shooting rate @ resolution: 190476, frame/sec @ 32×8; minimum exposure time: 2 mus; number of pixels: 480000; communication interface: gigabit ethernet; sensitivity (ISO-12232 SAT): 4800 (black and white); 1200 (colour); lens: nikon AF Zoom 80-200mm f/2.8D ED; triggering by software; frame synchronization: independent FSYNC BNC synchronization ports support internal clock sources, external clock sources, IRIG-8 time codes and phase shifting IRIG-B.
The data acquisition processing device mainly comprises a pressure sensor, a flame sensor, a signal amplifier, a data acquisition instrument and a computer, wherein the pressure sensor, the flame sensor, the signal amplifier, the data acquisition instrument and the computer are arranged in the explosion device, the pressure sensor and the flame sensor are connected with the input end of the signal amplifier, the output end of the signal amplifier is connected with the input end of the data acquisition instrument, and the output end of the data acquisition instrument is connected with the computer. And simultaneously, a high-speed digital camera shoots an explosion flame flow field image in the explosion device, and the output end of the high-speed digital camera is connected with a computer.
The input end of the gas distribution tank is connected with the output end of a gas distribution instrument (the model can be GH-1), and the input end of the gas distribution instrument is respectively connected with a combustible gas source and a gas distribution gas source.
The air distribution source is clean air. The combustible gas source adopts methane, propane, ethylene, liquefied gas and the like.
Except for different internal shapes and sizes, the external connection parts of the devices can be freely connected through standard flanges.
The test method of the test system for inducing vapor cloud explosion by explosion venting flame is as follows:
the experimental and testing operation process of the invention is as follows:
1. firstly, determining the structural form and the size of an explosion device according to experimental requirements, and selecting the proper size of a detonation container and a vapor cloud film for combination;
2. according to the explosion venting flame induced vapor cloud explosion testing system, an explosion device and an experimental instrument are assembled, a gas distribution device, an explosion device and a data acquisition and processing device are connected and assembled, the positions of a high-speed digital camera are arranged, the circuits of various parts are checked, good connection is ensured, and the air tightness of the checking device is ensured;
the operation of checking the air tightness of the device is as follows:
1. closing a connecting flange and an air inlet valve of the cylindrical detonation container, and installing a pressure sensor in a pressure sensor interface;
2. opening a matched data acquisition instrument, configuring pressure sensor parameters, and clicking to start pressure data acquisition;
3. opening a vacuum pump to perform vacuumizing operation on the detonation container;
4. and when the pressure data in the data acquisition instrument is continuously unchanged for 30S, turning off the power supply of the vacuum pump. Observing the change of pressure data in the data acquisition instrument;
5. if the pressure data does not change within 30 seconds, the air tightness of the container is considered to be good;
6. otherwise, reconnecting each instrument, and carrying out the operation of the step 1-5 again;
3. and connecting the air distribution device conduit with an air inlet on the detonation container, and opening a stop valve in front of the air inlet and a connecting flange of the detonation container. And opening a control program of a gas distribution instrument on the computer, adjusting to an air option, and blowing the detonation container by using air for about 1min by pressing a start button. Stopping air intake, closing the stop valve and sealing the connecting flange;
4. and opening a matched data acquisition instrument, configuring parameters of a pressure sensor, and clicking to start pressure data acquisition. Opening a stop valve, starting a vacuum pump to vacuumize the detonation container to negative pressure of-0.006 MPa, controlling each electromagnetic valve to be opened, slowly conveying premixed combustible gas into the detonation container, starting a pressure sensor in the container to receive a pressure signal, and setting a pressure value according to experimental pressure conditions;
5. cleaning personnel to a safe area, standing the experimental device to uniformly mix premixed combustible gas, starting an ignition device to detonate the gas, amplifying relevant signals of the gas explosion characteristics by an explosion pressure sensor and a flame sensor, transmitting the signals to a data acquisition instrument for data acquisition and processing, and transmitting the acquired and processed data to a computer for further processing, analysis and display by an output end of the data acquisition instrument for storage; the high-speed digital camera shoots flame condition signal data when in explosion, and the flame condition signal data is transmitted to a computer for further processing, analysis and display and is stored;
6. after the experiment is finished, clicking a stop button of the data acquisition instrument, stopping data acquisition, and cleaning an experiment site.
The testing device can change the size of the container and the different connection modes, and is matched with the guide rail in the vapor cloud simulation device to adjust the distance between the vapor cloud and the explosion venting flame, or different explosion devices are formed by installing films with different sizes to simulate the vapor cloud with different sizes, the testing device is connected with the gas distribution device and the data acquisition and processing device, and the pressure sensor, the flame sensor and the high-speed digital camera arranged on the explosion devices are used for measuring the gas explosion characteristic parameter data of each characteristic position on the container: explosion pressure, explosion temperature, flame propagation rate, and flame image; by comprehensively analyzing and counting the characteristic parameter data measured by experiments, researching dynamic characteristics such as turbulence, jet flame, explosion wave reflection, energy change and the like in the gas explosion process and the influence of the characteristics on explosion intensity, safety distance and the like of the explosion venting flame on vapor cloud explosion induction, analyzing and exploring the change of the explosion venting flame on vapor cloud explosion induction in the structure size change process, revealing the influence mechanism of the container structure size, the distance from the vapor cloud, the vapor cloud size, the space between various vapor cloud clusters and the like on the explosion venting flame on vapor cloud explosion induction, and simultaneously providing basic data for drawing an explosion venting explosion intensity calculation chart under various conditions. The invention can also provide theoretical support and important basis for explosion venting and vapor cloud explosion-proof safety design and explosion safety protection in engineering.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the experimental device for inducing vapor cloud explosion by explosion venting flame has the advantages of clear and reasonable structure, strong systematicness, convenient operation, strong functions and high degree of automation.
1. The invention comprises a series of containers with geometric shapes and sizes, the containers can be combined into different structures, the ignition positions are distributed comprehensively, the sensor arrangement is comprehensive and reasonable, the induction effect of the explosion venting flame of the combustible gas on the vapor cloud under the conditions of different structures and sizes and the influence of the vapor cloud and the explosion venting flame distance on the induction effect can be researched, and comprehensive experimental data can be obtained;
2. the invention can be used for researching the dynamic characteristics of turbulence, jet flame, explosion wave reflection, energy change and the like in the explosion process of the combustible gas in the container, and the relation among the gas flow, explosion wave, explosion flame and vapor cloud explosion parameters;
3. the invention can systematically provide enough basic theoretical data for revealing the influence mechanism of explosion venting flame on vapor cloud explosion caused by the change of structure size and the like and drawing a vapor cloud explosion intensity calculation chart induced by the gas explosion venting flame under various structural geometric conditions;
4. the invention can be widely used for analyzing the explosion venting risk of the flammable gas explosion flame under the influence of typical size parameters in chemical production, is used for the explosion venting and anti-explosion safety design of a reaction container, prevents the occurrence of serious and oversized explosion accidents, and brings remarkable social and economic benefits.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the cylindrical container structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the overall connection of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a mating vapor cloud simulation device of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a mating vapor cloud base of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1-5, the explosion venting flame induced vapor cloud explosion testing system comprises a gas distribution device, an ignition device, an explosion device (comprising a matched vapor cloud simulation device), a data acquisition and processing device and a high-speed digital camera.
The gas distribution device comprises a combustible gas source 6, a gas distribution source 7 and a gas distribution tank, wherein the input end of the gas distribution tank is respectively connected with the combustible gas source and the gas distribution source, and the other output of the gas distribution tank is communicated with the input port of the explosion device.
The ignition device 2 comprises an igniter which is arranged on the explosion device, and the igniter adopts electric spark for ignition. According to the different mounting positions of the igniter, the ignition at different positions can be realized; according to the difference of depths entering the container, two forms of ignition of wall ignition and center ignition of the container can be realized.
The data acquisition and processing device comprises a pressure sensor, a flame sensor, a signal amplifier, a data acquisition instrument and a computer 5 which are arranged on the cylindrical detonation container 2, wherein the pressure sensor and the flame sensor are connected with the input end of the signal amplifier, the output end of the signal amplifier is connected with the input end of the data acquisition instrument, and the output end of the data acquisition instrument is connected with the computer.
The explosion device is arranged between the gas distribution device and the data acquisition and processing device, and the explosion device 3 comprises a cylindrical detonation device 3-1 and a vapor cloud simulation device 3-2. The cylindrical detonation device 3-1 is provided with a cylindrical detonation container 3-1-1, and the cylindrical detonation containers 3-1-1 can be freely butted through flanges 3-1-6.
The vapor cloud simulation device 3-2 comprises a guide rail 3-2-1 which can be adjusted at will and a steel base 3-2-6 used for installing a vapor cloud film 3-2-5. The bottom of the guide rail 3-2-1 is provided with a hook 3-2-2, which is convenient to connect and fix with the cylindrical detonating device 3-1; the steel base 3-2-6 contains 5 annular clamping grooves 3-2-8 of different sizes for fitting different sized films to simulate different sized vapor clouds. The bottom of the guide rail 3-2-1 is provided with a bracket 3-2-3, and the lower part of the bracket 3-2-3 is provided with a universal wheel 3-2-4. The width of the annular clamping groove 3-2-8 is 3mm, the depth is 5mm, and the diameters are 100cm, 90cm, 80cm, 70cm and 60cm respectively. (see FIG. 5)
The matched steam cloud simulation device 3-2 is used for simulating the explosion condition of the steam cloud under the induction of the explosion venting flame, and researching the safety distance under various working conditions by adjusting the distance between the steam cloud and the explosion venting flame.
The vapor cloud film 3-2-5 used in the vapor cloud simulation device 3-2 is a hemispherical film 3-2-5, and adopts polyvinyl chloride, the thickness is 0.05 mm, and the diameters are 5 sizes of 0.2 m, 0.4 m, 0.6 m, 0.8 m, 1m and the like. The corresponding base plate is made of 16Mn steel, and igniter mounting interfaces 3-2-9 and pressure sensor mounting interfaces 3-2-10 are arranged at corresponding positions on the base plate 3-2-6. Four pulleys 3-2-7 are arranged on the back of the bottom plate 3-2-6 and can be embedded into the track.
The track 3-2-1 is U-shaped, and can be used for embedding the base 3-2-6 and the pulley 3-2-7 of the steam cloud simulation device, so that the distance between the bases can be adjusted. The lower part of the track 3-2-1 is provided with a steel bracket 3-2-3, and the bottom of the bracket 3-2-3 is provided with a universal wheel 3-2-4 which can be braked and a lock catch so as to be connected with the cylindrical detonation container 3-1-1. (see FIG. 4)
The high-speed digital camera is used for shooting flames generated when flammable gas in the container explodes, the lens of the high-speed digital camera is opposite to an observation section of a position to be monitored, and the output end of the high-speed digital camera is connected with the computer.
The special positions of the cylindrical detonation container 3-1-1 are provided with high-strength organic glass observation sections which are used for shooting flame images when gas explodes by a high-speed digital camera. The cylindrical detonation container 3-1-1 is provided with 5 observation sections 3-1-8 which are respectively positioned at the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of the main body of the cylindrical detonation container, the vertical guide pipe and the horizontal guide pipe.
The cylindrical detonation container is provided with an igniter interface, a sensor interface and an air inlet and outlet. The cylindrical detonation container is provided with 3 igniter connectors 3-1-9 which are respectively positioned at the upper, middle and lower 3 parts of the container. The igniter interfaces 3-1-9 can realize the ignition at different positions of the container, and the influence of the ignition positions on the explosion venting flame to induce vapor cloud explosion is studied. The sensor includes a pressure sensor and a flame sensor. Sensor interfaces are uniformly distributed at characteristic positions of the container and the steam cloud simulation device, so that systematic monitoring of the explosion characteristics of combustible gas at the characteristic positions of the explosion device can be realized. The characteristic positions include: the two ends of the left, middle and right parts of the shoulder part of the cylindrical detonation container, the upper part and the lower part of the cylindrical detonation container are closed at the center of the flange, and the rear part and the front part of the steam cloud. The gas inlet and outlet are used for filling and discharging combustible premixed gas, purging a container and circulating the premixed gas, and a circulating mode of lower inlet and upper outlet or left inlet and right outlet is adopted to ensure uniform mixing of the combustible gas.
Referring to fig. 1, the gas distribution device comprises a combustible gas source 6, a gas distribution source 7, a gas distribution tank, a first electromagnetic valve 8, a second electromagnetic valve 9, a third electromagnetic valve 12, a fourth electromagnetic valve 16, a flowmeter 10, a gas one-way valve 11, a constant flow controller 13, a pressure switch 14, a first stop valve 17, a second stop valve 15 and a vacuum pump 1. The air distribution source is clean air. The combustible gas source adopts methane, propane, ethylene, liquefied gas and the like. The combustible gas source and the gas distribution source are respectively communicated with the electromagnetic valve III 12 through the electromagnetic valve I8, the electromagnetic valve II 9, the flowmeter 10 and the gas check valve 11, are controlled by the constant flow controller 13 and the pressure switch 14 after being mixed, and are sent into the gas distribution tank for further gas distribution and mixing, the stop valve II 15 is opened, the vacuum pump is started, the air in the cylindrical detonation container of the explosion device is pumped and exhausted through the vacuum pump 1, so that the container of the explosion device is in a negative pressure state, the stop valve II 15 is closed, the stop valve I17 is opened, the programmable controller is controlled by the control room to open the electromagnetic valve IV 16, the combustible gas and the air mixed gas in the gas distribution tank enter the container of the explosion device to reach the set pressure, the programmable controller is controlled by the control room to close the electromagnetic valve IV 16, the stop valve I17 is closed, and the explosion device can enter the next ignition explosion test program. The constant current controller 13 is a commercial constant current controller. The pressure switch 14 is a commercially available pressure switch.
Referring to fig. 2, a cylindrical initiation device 3-1 of the explosion device is provided with an air inlet 3-1-2, an air outlet 3-1-3, an igniter connector 3-1-9, pressure sensor connectors 3-1-4, 3-1-12 and a flame sensor connector 3-1-13, wherein the air inlet 3-1-2 is connected with an air distribution device through a stop valve, the igniter connector 3-1-9 is provided with an igniter, the pressure sensor connectors 3-1-4 and 3-1-12 are provided with pressure sensors, and the cylindrical initiation device 3-1 can be freely butted with a flange 3-1-6 through a connecting pipe 3-1-7. The cylindrical detonation vessel 3-1-1 is provided with an observation section 3-1-8. The cylindrical detonation container 3-1-1 is arranged on the stable steel frame 3-1-10 for supporting, and the universal wheels 3-1-11 are arranged at the lower part of the stable steel frame 3-1-10, so that the containers can be conveniently combined with each other. The cylindrical detonation container 3-1-1 is provided with a pressure gauge 3-1-5 which can indicate the pressure in the cylindrical detonation container 3-1-1.
The lower part of the cylindrical detonation container 3-1-1 adopts a stable steel frame to support 3-1-10, and universal wheels 3-1-11 are arranged, so that the containers are convenient to mutually combine. The hook is arranged at the bottom of the steel frame and can be connected with the hook at the bottom of the guide rail 3-2-1 in the steam cloud simulation device 3-2, so that the two components can be conveniently combined with each other.
Referring to fig. 3, in a schematic diagram of connection between the vapor cloud simulation device and the cylindrical detonating device, the cylindrical detonating device 3-1 is linked with the vapor cloud simulation device 3-2 through a hook 3-2-2 on a bottom bracket. The bottoms of the two devices are provided with universal wheels, and the vapor cloud simulation device 3-2 mainly comprises a guide rail 3-2-1, a base 3-2-6 and a film 3-2-5.
The ignition device is a high-energy electronic igniter (model: XDH-6L), the ignition energy is 6J, and the ignition device has high ignition speed and convenient operation. By customizing the ignition guns of different lengths, the ignition in the center of the container and the wall ignition can be realized.
The high-speed digital camera has the highest resolution of the image acquisition device (model: phantom V7.3) of Phantom V7.3: 800 x 600 @ 6688 frames/second; highest shooting rate @ resolution: 190476, frame/sec @ 32×8; minimum exposure time: 2 mus; number of pixels: 480000; communication interface: gigabit ethernet; sensitivity (ISO-12232 SAT): 4800 (black and white); 1200 (colour); lens: nikon AF Zoom 80-200mm f/2.8D ED; triggering by software; frame synchronization: independent FSYNC BNC synchronization ports support internal clock sources, external clock sources, IRIG-8 time codes and phase shifting IRIG-B.
The data acquisition and processing device 4 mainly comprises a pressure sensor, a flame sensor, a signal amplifying circuit, a data acquisition instrument and a computer 5 which are arranged in the explosion device 3, wherein the pressure sensor and the flame sensor are connected with the input end of the signal amplifying circuit, the output end of the signal amplifying circuit is connected with the input end of the data acquisition instrument, and the output end of the data acquisition instrument is connected with the computer. And simultaneously, a high-speed digital camera shoots an explosion flame flow field image in the explosion device, and the output end of the high-speed digital camera is connected with a computer.
The pressure sensor adopts a high-frequency pressure transmitter (model: HM 90-H3-2). The flame sensor adopts a CKG100 flame sensor. The data acquisition instrument matched with the high-frequency pressure transmitter and the flame sensor is a 16-channel DEWESoftTM data acquisition instrument, the single-channel sampling rate is 200 kS/s, and the resolution is 24-bit. The matched software of the acquisition instrument is DEWESoft X2 edition analysis software. The signal amplifier adopts an XAS type sensor signal amplifier. The computer uses a Hewlett-packard (HP) Z240SFF (W1Y 28 PA).
The input end of the gas distribution tank is connected with the output end of a gas distribution instrument (the model can be GH-1), and the input end of the gas distribution instrument is respectively connected with a combustible gas source and a gas distribution gas source.
The distribution air source 7 is clean air. The combustible gas source 6 adopts methane, propane, ethylene, liquefied gas and the like.
Except for different internal shapes and sizes, the external connection parts of the devices can be freely connected through standard flanges.
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
A test system for researching explosion venting flame to induce vapor cloud explosion mainly comprises a gas distribution device, an explosion device, an ignition device, a high-speed digital camera, a data acquisition and processing device, a vapor cloud simulation device and a matched track thereof, as shown in the figure.
The gas distribution device (as shown in the figure) comprises a gas distribution tank, the input end of the gas distribution tank is respectively connected with a combustible gas source (which can be a gas cylinder or is directly connected with a gas generation device) and a gas distribution gas source (which can be clean air or other inert gases), in order to accurately control the mixing quantity of the combustible gas and the distributed gas distribution (air), a gas distribution instrument (model of GH-1) can be arranged in front of the input end of the gas distribution tank, the input end of the gas distribution instrument is respectively connected with the combustible gas source and the gas distribution gas source, and when the gas distribution device is in specific implementation, corresponding flow meters, electric gas valves, one-way valves and other electric control elements can be arranged on the gas distribution pipeline according to control requirements so as to improve the automation level of control.
The air inlet end of the explosion device is connected with the air outlet end of the air distribution instrument, the air inlet valve is closed after the air charging is finished, and the air circulation pump is started to uniformly mix the combustible premixed gas. Each sensor is connected to the corresponding position and connected to the controller, and the sensor interface is sealed by bolts when not in use. The containers are connected to each other by flanges.
Because the invention is a testing device for researching that explosion venting flame induces vapor cloud explosion, the invention can complete two-part research through the disassembly and combination of the container and the track in the experimental system: the explosion venting flame induces the influence factors of single vapor cloud explosion and the explosion venting flame induces the influence factors of multiple vapor cloud explosions. The two aspects of research mainly consider the factors of the change of the length-diameter ratio of the cylindrical container, the change of the container of the connecting pipe, the distance between the vapor cloud and the explosion venting flame, the type of the gas filled, the distance between a plurality of vapor clouds and the like.
The testing device can change the size of the container and the different connection modes, and is matched with the guide rail in the vapor cloud simulation device to adjust the distance between the vapor cloud and the explosion venting flame, or different explosion devices are formed by installing films with different sizes to simulate the vapor cloud with different sizes, the testing device is connected with the gas distribution device and the data acquisition and processing device, and the pressure sensor, the flame sensor and the high-speed digital camera arranged on the explosion devices are used for measuring the gas explosion characteristic parameter data of each characteristic position on the container: explosion pressure, explosion temperature, flame propagation rate, and flame image; by comprehensively analyzing and counting the characteristic parameter data measured by experiments, researching dynamic characteristics such as turbulence, jet flame, explosion wave reflection, energy change and the like in the gas explosion process and the influence of the characteristics on explosion intensity, safety distance and the like of the explosion venting flame on vapor cloud explosion induction, analyzing and exploring the change of the explosion venting flame on vapor cloud explosion induction in the structure size change process, and revealing the influence mechanisms of the container structure size, the distance from the vapor cloud, the vapor cloud size, the vapor cloud cluster spacing and the like on the explosion venting flame on vapor cloud explosion induction.
Specific analysis method
Through the specific test scheme, the gas explosion characteristic parameter data of different positions in the container under different ignition conditions in different structural sizes can be obtained. By systematically analyzing the experimentally measured data, the rules and mechanisms of influence of size effects on the gas explosion characteristics are revealed.
When analyzing and calculating the gas explosion characteristic parameter data, the gas explosion characteristic parameter data mainly comprises process parameters and characteristic parameters in the explosion shock wave propagation process.
The test method of the test system for inducing vapor cloud explosion by explosion venting flame is as follows:
the experimental and testing operation process of the invention is as follows:
1. firstly, determining the structural form and the size of an explosion device according to experimental requirements, and selecting the proper size of a detonation container and a vapor cloud film for combination;
2. according to the explosion venting flame induced vapor cloud explosion testing system shown in fig. 1, an explosion device and an experimental instrument are assembled, a gas distribution device, an explosion device and a data acquisition and processing device are connected and assembled, the positions of a high-speed digital camera are arranged, the circuits of various parts are checked, the connection is good, and the air tightness of the checking device is ensured;
the operation of checking the air tightness of the device is as follows:
1. closing a connecting flange 3-1-6 and an air inlet valve 3-1-2 of the cylindrical detonation container, and installing a pressure sensor in a pressure sensor interface 3-1-4 or 3-1-12;
2. opening a matched data acquisition instrument, configuring pressure sensor parameters, and clicking to start pressure data acquisition;
3. opening a vacuum pump 1, and vacuumizing the detonation container 3-1-1;
4. and when the pressure data in the data acquisition instrument is continuously unchanged for 30S, the power supply of the vacuum pump 1 is turned off. Observing the change of pressure data in the data acquisition instrument;
5. if the pressure data does not change within 30 seconds, the air tightness of the container is considered to be good;
6. otherwise, reconnecting each instrument, and carrying out the operation of the step 1-5 again;
3. the air distribution device conduit is connected with an air inlet 3-1-2 on the detonation container 3-1, and a stop valve 17 in front of the air inlet is opened to connect with a flange 3-1-6 of the detonation container. And opening a control program of a gas distribution instrument on the computer, adjusting to an air option, and blowing the detonation container by using air for about 1min by pressing a start button. Stopping air intake, closing the stop valve 17 and closing the connecting flanges 3-1-6;
4. and opening a matched data acquisition instrument, configuring parameters of a pressure sensor, and clicking to start pressure data acquisition. Opening a stop valve 15, starting a vacuum pump 1 to vacuumize the detonation container 3-1-1 to negative pressure of-0.006 MPa, controlling each electromagnetic valve to be opened, slowly conveying premixed combustible gas into the detonation container 3-1-1, starting a pressure sensor in the container to receive a pressure signal, and setting a pressure value according to experimental pressure conditions;
5. cleaning personnel to a safe area, standing the experimental device to uniformly mix premixed combustible gas, then starting the ignition device 2 to detonate the gas, testing relevant signals of gas explosion characteristics by the explosion pressure sensor and the flame sensor, amplifying the signals by the signal amplifier, transmitting the signals to the data acquisition instrument for data acquisition and processing, and transmitting the acquired and processed data to a computer for further processing, analysis and display by the output end of the data acquisition instrument, and storing; the high-speed digital camera shoots flame condition signal data when in explosion, and the flame condition signal data is transmitted to a computer for further processing, analysis and display and is stored;
6. after the experiment is finished, clicking a stop button of the data acquisition instrument, stopping data acquisition, and cleaning an experiment site.
The explosion device is characterized in that the structures and the size systems of the container and the matched vapor cloud simulation device are comprehensive, and the explosion of combustible gas in the container and a communication container formed by the container can be systematically realized, so that the explosion device is used for researching the influence factors of explosion venting flame on the vapor cloud explosion. The invention has the advantages of comprehensive and systematic structure, good operability and high degree of automation, solves the difficult problem of the research of the flammable gas size effect system, and provides enough basic theoretical data for revealing dynamic characteristics such as turbulence, jet flame, explosion wave reflection, energy change and the like in the gas explosion process and the influence of the characteristics on the explosion intensity, the safety distance and the like of the explosion-venting flame for inducing the vapor cloud explosion, analyzing and exploring the change system of the explosion-venting flame for the vapor cloud explosion induction effect in the structure size change process.
The invention is not related in part to the same as or can be practiced with the prior art.
Claims (8)
1. A testing method of a explosion venting flame induced vapor cloud explosion testing system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the explosion venting flame-induced vapor cloud explosion testing system comprises a gas distribution device, an ignition device, an explosion device, a data acquisition and processing device, a high-speed digital camera and a matched vapor cloud simulation device;
the gas distribution device comprises a combustible gas source, a gas distribution source and a gas distribution tank, wherein the input end of the gas distribution tank is respectively connected with the combustible gas source and the gas distribution source, and the other output of the gas distribution tank is communicated with the input port of the explosion device;
the ignition device comprises an igniter, wherein the igniter is arranged on the explosion device, and the ignition at different positions can be realized according to different installation positions of the igniter; according to different depths entering the container, two types of ignition of wall ignition and center ignition of the container can be realized;
the explosion device is arranged between the gas distribution device and the data acquisition and processing device and comprises a cylindrical container and a spherical container, and the containers can be freely connected through flanges;
the data acquisition and processing device comprises a pressure sensor, a flame sensor, a signal amplifying circuit, a data acquisition instrument, a computer and a pressure sensor which are arranged on the cylindrical container; the flame sensor is connected with the input end of the signal amplifier, the output end of the signal amplifier is connected with the input end of the data acquisition instrument, and the output end of the data acquisition instrument is connected with the computer;
the high-speed digital camera is used for shooting flame when the combustible gas in the container explodes, the lens of the high-speed digital camera is opposite to an observation section of a position to be monitored, and the output end of the high-speed digital camera is connected with the computer;
the vapor cloud simulation device comprises a guide rail capable of being adjusted at will and a steel base for installing a vapor cloud film, wherein a hook is arranged at the bottom of the guide rail, so that the guide rail is convenient to connect and fix with an explosion device; the steel base comprises clamping grooves with different sizes and is used for matching with films with different sizes to simulate vapor clouds with different sizes;
the container is provided with a high-strength organic glass observation section and is used for shooting flame images when gas explodes by a high-speed digital camera;
the testing method comprises the following steps:
1. firstly, determining the structural form and the size of an explosion device according to experimental requirements, and selecting the proper size of a detonation container and a vapor cloud film for combination;
2. according to the explosion venting flame induced vapor cloud explosion testing system, an explosion device and an experimental instrument are assembled, a gas distribution device, an explosion device and a data acquisition and processing device are connected and assembled, the positions of a high-speed digital camera are arranged, the circuits of various parts are checked, good connection is ensured, and the air tightness of the checking device is ensured; the operation of checking the air tightness of the device is as follows:
(1) Closing a connecting flange and an air inlet valve of the cylindrical detonation container, and installing a pressure sensor in a pressure sensor interface;
(2) Opening a matched data acquisition instrument, configuring pressure sensor parameters, and clicking to start pressure data acquisition;
(3) Opening a vacuum pump to perform vacuumizing operation on the detonation container;
(4) When the pressure data in the data acquisition instrument is continuously unchanged for 30S, turning off a power supply of the vacuum pump, and observing the change of the pressure data in the data acquisition instrument;
(5) If the pressure data does not change within 30 seconds, the air tightness of the container is considered to be good;
(6) Otherwise, reconnecting each instrument, and carrying out the operation of the step 1-5 again;
3. connecting a conduit of the air distribution device with an air inlet on the detonation container, opening a stop valve in front of the air inlet and a connecting flange of the detonation container, opening a control program of an air distribution instrument on a computer, firstly adjusting to an air option, using air to sweep the detonation container by pressing a start button for 1min, stopping air inlet, closing the stop valve and sealing the connecting flange;
4. opening a matched data acquisition instrument, configuring pressure sensor parameters, clicking to start pressure data acquisition, opening a stop valve, starting a vacuum pump to perform vacuumizing operation on the detonation container, vacuumizing to negative pressure of-0.006 MPa, controlling each electromagnetic valve to be opened, slowly conveying premixed combustible gas into the detonation container, starting a pressure sensor in the container to receive pressure signals, and setting a pressure value according to experimental pressure conditions;
5. cleaning personnel to a safe area, standing the experimental device to uniformly mix premixed combustible gas, starting an ignition device to detonate the gas, amplifying relevant signals of the gas explosion characteristics by an explosion pressure sensor and a flame sensor, transmitting the signals to a data acquisition instrument for data acquisition and processing, and transmitting the acquired and processed data to a computer for further processing, analysis and display by an output end of the data acquisition instrument for storage; the high-speed digital camera shoots flame condition signal data when in explosion, and the flame condition signal data is transmitted to a computer for further processing, analysis and display and is stored;
6. after the experiment is finished, clicking a stop button of the data acquisition instrument, stopping data acquisition, and cleaning an experiment site.
2. The method for testing the explosion venting flame induced vapor cloud explosion testing system according to claim 1, wherein the cylindrical containers have various dimensions and are used for researching the explosion venting characteristics of the combustible gas in containers with different sizes or shapes and the induction effect of the combustible gas on the vapor cloud explosion.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the parts of the explosion device are connected by changing the connection structure between the container and each other, and the explosion device is used for researching the explosion flame to induce the vapor cloud explosion from three aspects of structure and shape size and distance from the vapor cloud.
4. The method for testing a explosion venting flame induced vapor cloud explosion testing system according to claim 1, wherein the cylindrical container has an aspect ratio of 2:1 to 1:1 respectively; a cylindrical vessel volume having an aspect ratio of 2:1 of 11L to 113L; aspect ratio is 1:1 has a cylindrical vessel volume of 11L-113L.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the cylindrical container has a total of 5 observation sections located at the upper, middle and lower portions of the cylindrical container body, at the vertical conduit and at the horizontal conduit, respectively.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the container is provided with an igniter interface, a sensor interface and an air inlet and outlet.
7. The test method of the explosion venting flame induced vapor cloud explosion test system according to claim 1, wherein a stable steel frame is adopted to support the lower part of the cylindrical container, and universal wheels are arranged to facilitate the mutual combination of the containers; the hook is arranged at the bottom of the steel frame and can be connected with the hook at the bottom of the guide rail in the steam cloud simulation device, so that the two can be conveniently combined with each other.
8. The test method of the explosion venting flame induced vapor cloud explosion test system according to claim 1, wherein the hemispherical films used in the vapor cloud simulation device are polyvinyl chloride, the thicknesses of the hemispherical films are 0.05 mm, the diameters of the hemispherical films are 0.2 m, 0.4 m, 0.6 m, 0.8 m and 1m 5, the corresponding base plate is made of 16Mn steel, the corresponding positions of the base plate are provided with mounting interfaces of an igniter and a pressure sensor, and the back of the base plate is provided with four pulleys which are embedded into a track.
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| CN112729887B (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2023-03-31 | 广东南虹化工有限公司 | Safety protection device for explosion test |
| CN113092529B (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2022-03-25 | 东北大学 | Gas distribution device and method for protecting explosion venting film based on pressure balance principle |
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