CN102879429A - Testing system for gas explosion characteristic size effect - Google Patents
Testing system for gas explosion characteristic size effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN102879429A CN102879429A CN2012103825469A CN201210382546A CN102879429A CN 102879429 A CN102879429 A CN 102879429A CN 2012103825469 A CN2012103825469 A CN 2012103825469A CN 201210382546 A CN201210382546 A CN 201210382546A CN 102879429 A CN102879429 A CN 102879429A
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- 230000005476 size effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 165
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- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test system for gas explosion characteristic size effect, and relates to a test system for researching gas explosion characteristic size effect. The device comprises a gas distribution device, an ignition device, an explosion device, a data acquisition and processing device and a high-speed digital camera; the gas distribution device comprises a combustible gas source, a gas distribution gas source and a gas distribution tank; the ignition device comprises an igniter which is arranged on the explosion device; the data acquisition and processing device comprises a pressure sensor, a flame propagation rate sensor, a temperature sensor, a signal amplification circuit, a data acquisition circuit and a computer which are arranged on the spherical container, the cylindrical container and the pipeline; the explosion device is arranged between the gas distribution device and the data acquisition and processing device and comprises a spherical container, a cylindrical container and a pipeline; the high-speed digital camera is used for shooting flame when combustible gas in the container and the pipeline explodes, and the output end of the high-speed digital camera is connected with the computer.
Description
Technical field
The test macro of gas burst characteristic dimension effect of the present invention relates to a kind of test macro of learning gas blast characteristics size effect, test macro of the present invention can change the shape of container and pipeline, size and mutual different type of attachment, form different explosive releases, with air distributing device, data acquisition and treating apparatus connect, by being installed in the pressure transducer on the explosive release, temperature sensor, rate of flame propagation sensor and high-speed digital photography machine record the gas burst characterisitic parameter data of each feature locations on container and the pipeline: explosion pressure, blast temperature, rate of flame propagation and flame image; Carrying out system by the characterisitic parameter data that experiment is recorded analyzes all sidedly and adds up, relation between the dynamic characteristic such as turbulent flow in the learning gas blast process, jet flame, blast wave reflection and energy variation and gas flow, blast wave and the explosive flame, analyze and explore the size effect that the physical dimension variation causes, disclose the impact mechanism that physical dimension is propagated gas burst, simultaneously can also gas burst intensity calculation chart provides basic data under the various conditions in order to draw.The present invention also can provide theory support and important evidence for gas venting of dust explosion, antiknock safe design and explosion safety protection on the engineering.
Background technology
In industrial processes, the situation that spherical container, hydrostatic column and pipeline are used singly or in combination is very general, if there are defective in runaway reaction or container, pipeline, can the initiation fire blast etc. accident, cause personnel's property loss.Yet in the different process process, the shape of container, size, the physical dimension when reactor connects from pipeline is often also different, and therefore the hazard level of accident also can be and different.On engineering, the phenomenon that gas or Characteristics of Dust Explosion change with size, shape and the version of container is called the size effect of gas burst characteristic.
Foreign scholar Bartknecht is by analyzing abundant experimental results, the blast cube root law has been proposed, disclosed inflammable gas rule between maximum pressure climbing speed and the explosive container volume when the closed container implode, but the blast cube root law can't be predicted maximum explosion pressure, and this formula is only applicable to single closed container, and is unpredictable especially to the gas burst characteristic in the labyrinth container.Although Chinese scholars is for the impact on blast characteristics of the length variations of the version that has also related to container and pipeline in the research of gas or Characteristics of Dust Explosion and pipeline, but they are mainly from ignition location, ignition energy, gas or dust concentration, the quick-fried source of gas character, the aspects such as blast process rule and barrier are considered, research for size effect mainly concentrates on single container or simple pipeline, and for pipeline one termination container, the experimental data of the complication systems such as pipe ends connecting container is few, lack systematicness, can't analysis and summary go out the qualitative, quantitative rule of gas burst size effect.Wall effect, pressure accumulated effect or turning effect that Chinese scholars research is discussed fundamentally also all are that structure and the size by container or pipeline affects.Present existing achievement in research experiment condition varies, and lacks systematicness, can't carry out statistical study to experimental data.Usually the container or pipeline antiknock and the venting of dust explosion safe design that use simulated experiment data or traditional theory computation model to instruct have been ignored container or line size and have been changed the different impacts that bring.
Therefore, need the test macro that development one cover can systematic study gas burst size effect, carry out experiment and the theoretical research of gas explosion process under various structures and the size condition, disclose the rule of gas burst size effect, gas burst intensity is predicted, have important theory value and practical significance for effectively preventing and controlling this type of disastrous accident, achievement in research will for industrial container or pipeline be datonation-inhibition, flame proof and put out the safety technique such as quick-fried foundation is provided.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to systematically to study for existing flammable gas explosion characteristic test device the size effect of blast characteristics and the blast characteristics of inflammable gas under the series of structure dimensions condition, and result of study is not extensive, the problem that can't be applied to solve the actual condition problem, a kind of test macro of gas burst characteristic dimension effect is provided, be a kind of can system the test macro of learning gas blast characteristics size effect all sidedly.
Gas burst characteristic dimension effect test macro of the present invention takes following technical scheme to realize:
Gas burst characteristic dimension effect test macro comprise air distributing device, portfire, explosive release, data acquisition and treating apparatus and high-speed digital photography machine.
Described air distributing device comprises inflammable gas source of the gas, distribution source of the gas and distribution tank, and the input end of distribution tank links to each other with inflammable gas source of the gas and distribution source of the gas respectively, another road output of distribution tank and explosive release the input port be connected.
Described portfire comprises lighter, and lighter is installed on the explosive release, and described lighter adopts spark ignition.According to the difference of lighter installation site, can realize the igniting of diverse location; According to the difference that enters container depth, can realize the wall igniting of container or pipeline and the igniting of two kinds of forms of centerfire.
Described data acquisition processing device comprises pressure transducer, rate of flame propagation sensor, temperature sensor and signal amplification circuit, data acquisition circuit, the computing machine that is installed on described spherical container, hydrostatic column and the pipeline, pressure transducer, rate of flame propagation sensor, temperature sensor link to each other with the input end of signal amplifier, the output terminal of signal amplifier links to each other with the input end of data acquisition unit, and the output terminal of data acquisition unit links to each other with computing machine.
Described explosive release is installed between air distributing device and the data acquisition processing device, and explosive release comprises spherical container, hydrostatic column and pipeline.All can freely dock by flange between spherical container, hydrostatic column and the pipeline.
Flame when described high-speed digital photography machine is used for taking container and the interior flammable gas explosion of pipeline, high-speed digital photography machine camera lens is over against the viewing section that needs monitoring location, and high-speed digital photography machine output terminal links to each other with computing machine.
Described spherical container, hydrostatic column and pipeline all have the sizes specification, are used for carrying out inflammable gas in the Research on Size Effect of container or the ducted blast characteristics of different size or shape.
Described explosive release various piece by changing container, the geomery of pipeline and mutual syndeton, connect easily combination, from the size effect of structure and geomery two aspect learning gas blasts.
Described spherical container volume is 11L-1m
3, be respectively: 11L, 22L, 113L, 550L and 1m
3
Described hydrostatic column is respectively two kinds of 2:1 and 1:1 according to the length-diameter ratio ratio of internal diameter (length with).Length-diameter ratio is that the hydrostatic column volume of 2:1 is 11L-1m
3, preferred volume is respectively: 11L, 22L, 113L, 550L and 1m
3The length-diameter ratio ratio of internal diameter (length with) is 11L-1m for the hydrostatic column volume of 1:1
3, preferred volume is respectively: 11L, 22L, 113L, 550L and 1m
3
Described pipeline is divided into two kinds of circular pipe and square pipes by interior cross section.The pipeline of every kind of cross sectional shape has 5 kinds of different sectional dimensions, and every kind of size pipeline all has 5 joints, the long 2m in every pipe joint road.The circular pipe diameter of section is 30mm-180mm, and the preferred cross-sections diameter is respectively 30mm, 60mm, 100mm, 140mm and 180mm; The square pipe cross section length of side is 23.6mm-141.3mm, and the preferred cross-sections length of side is respectively 23.6mm, 47.1mm, 78.5mm, 109.9mm and 141.3mm.
All there is high strength organic glass viewing section at the specific position place of described container and pipeline, the flame image when being used for high-speed digital photography machine shooting gas burst.Have 4 place's viewing sections on the spherical container, lay respectively at the horizontal largest contours of spherical container position, vertically in the middle of conduit and the horizontal largest contours position, vertical conduit place, horizontal duct place; Have 5 place's viewing sections on the hydrostatic column, lay respectively at the upper, middle and lower part of hydrostatic column main body, vertically conduit place, horizontal duct place; Have 3 place's viewing sections on the pipeline, lay respectively at the pipeline left, center, right.
Be equipped with lighter interface, sensor interface, air inlet/outlet at container and pipeline.Spherical container has 1 place's lighter interface; Hydrostatic column has 3 place's lighter interfaces, lays respectively at upper, middle and lower 3 places of container; 3 place's lighter interfaces are arranged on every pipe joint road, lay respectively at 3 places, left, center, right of pipeline.Many places lighter interface can be realized in container or the igniting of pipeline diverse location, the size effect impact that the research ignition location produces the gas burst characteristic.Sensor comprises pressure transducer, temperature sensor and rate of flame propagation sensor.The feature locations of container and pipeline is evenly equipped with sensor interface, can realize the systematicness monitoring to explosive release feature locations place flammable gas explosion characteristic.Feature locations comprises: extraction catheter and container combination place, spherical container shoulder, the horizontal largest contours of spherical container place, hydrostatic column shoulder, hydrostatic column upper and lower, pipeline left, center, right three parts, pipe ends closure fange center.Air inlet/outlet is used for charging and discharging the circulation of flammable premixed gas, container or blowing pipeline and premixed gas, adopts bottom in and top out or a left side to advance the circulation pattern that the right side goes out, and guarantees that inflammable gas mixes.
Spherical container, hydrostatic column and pipeline below are adopted and are stablized the steelframe support, and universal wheel, the mutual combination of convenient container and pipeline are installed.
The corresponding use of pipeline of bridge piece and above-mentioned shape and size, angle of bend is 45 °-150 °, is respectively 45 °, 60 °, 90 °, 120 ° and 150 °.Bridge piece can be realized the mutual connection angles of parts such as container, pipeline, and the size effect that the angle variation causes between convenient research container and the structures such as container, pipeline and pipeline, container and pipeline is on the impact of gas burst characteristic.
Described portfire, this portfire are that (model: XDH-6L), ignition energy is 6J to high-energy electronic igniter, and this device speed of ignition is fast, easy to operate.By the burning torch of customized different length, can realize in container or pipeline center's igniting and wall igniting.
Described high-speed digital photography machine, this high-speed digital photography machine image acquisition device (model: highest resolution@capture rate Phantom V7.3): 800 * 600@6688 frame/second; The highest capture rate@resolution: 190476 frames/second@32 * 8; The minimum exposure time: 2 μ s; Pixel count: 480000; Communication interface: gigabit Ethernet; Sensitivity (ISO-12232 SAT): the 4800(black and white); 1200(is colored); Camera lens: Nikon AF Zoom 80-200mm f/2.8D ED; Software triggers; Frame synchronization: independent FSYNC BNC synchronous port, support internal clock source, external clock reference, IRIG-8 timing code and phase shift IRIG-B.
Data acquisition processing device, this data collector mainly is comprised of the pressure transducer, temperature sensor, rate of flame propagation sensor, signal amplification circuit, data acquisition circuit and the computing machine that are installed in the described explosive release, pressure transducer, temperature sensor and rate of flame propagation sensor link to each other with the input end of signal amplification circuit, the output terminal of signal amplification circuit links to each other with the input end of data acquisition circuit, and the output terminal of data acquisition circuit links to each other with computing machine.Take explosive release implode flame flow field picture by the high-speed digital photography machine simultaneously, the output terminal of high-speed digital photography machine links to each other with computing machine.
The input end of described distribution tank links to each other with the output terminal of distributing instrument (model can be GH-1), and the input end of distributing instrument links to each other with inflammable gas source of the gas and distribution source of the gas respectively.
Described distribution source of the gas is pure air.Described inflammable gas source of the gas adopts methane, propane, ethene and liquefied gas etc.
Described each device, except interior shape, size difference, outside junction all can freely connect by standard flange.
Test macro of the present invention can change shape, size and the mutual different type of attachment of container and pipeline, form different explosive releases, be connected with air distributing device, data acquisition and treating apparatus, by being installed in pressure transducer, temperature sensor, rate of flame propagation sensor and the high-speed digital photography machine on the explosive release, record the gas burst characterisitic parameter data of each feature locations on container and the pipeline: explosion pressure, blast temperature, rate of flame propagation and flame image; Carrying out system by the characterisitic parameter data that experiment is recorded analyzes all sidedly and adds up, relation between the dynamic characteristic such as turbulent flow in the learning gas blast process, jet flame, blast wave reflection and energy variation and gas flow, blast wave and the explosive flame, analyze and explore the size effect that the physical dimension variation causes, disclose the impact mechanism that physical dimension is propagated gas burst, simultaneously can also gas burst intensity calculation chart provides basic data under the various conditions in order to draw.The present invention also can provide theory support and important evidence for gas venting of dust explosion, antiknock safe design and explosion safety protection on the engineering.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The experimental provision clear in structure of gas burst characteristic dimension effect of the present invention is reasonable, systematicness is strong, and easy to operate, powerful, automaticity is high.
1, present invention includes container and the pipeline of a series of geometric configuration, size, container can be combined into different structures with pipeline, ignition location distributes comprehensively, sensor is arranged comprehensive and reasonable, can study blast characteristics and the propagation law of inflammable gas under different structure and size condition, obtain comprehensive experimental data.
2, the present invention can be used for research inflammable gas relation between the dynamic characteristic such as turbulent flow, jet flame, blast wave reflection and energy variation and gas flow, blast wave and the explosive flame in container, pipeline blast process.
3, the present invention can for disclose physical dimension change cause size effect impact mechanism that gas burst is propagated and draw that gas burst intensity calculation chart systematically provides enough basic theory data under the various construction geometry conditions.
4, the present invention can be widely used in the Chemical Manufacture flammable gas explosion risk analysis under the typical sizes parameter influence, the venting of dust explosion, the antiknock safe design that are used for reaction vessel and pipeline, prevent the generation of particularly serious explosion accident, bring significant social and economic effects.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further illustrated below with reference to accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is system architecture schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is gas distributing system schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is data acquisition and the analytic system schematic diagram of proving installation of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is explosive release spherical container of the present invention and pipeline connection diagram.
Fig. 5 is hydrostatic column structural front view of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is hydrostatic column structure left view of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is spherical container structural front view of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the sensing station schematic diagram of spherical container of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is pipeline configuration schematic diagram of the present invention.
Figure 10 is the sensing station schematic diagram of circular pipe of the present invention.
Figure 11 is the sensing station schematic diagram of square pipe of the present invention.
Embodiment
With reference to accompanying drawing 1～11, gas burst characteristic dimension effect test macro comprise air distributing device, portfire, explosive release, data acquisition and treating apparatus and high-speed digital photography machine.
Described air distributing device comprises inflammable gas source of the gas, distribution source of the gas and distribution tank, and the input end of distribution tank links to each other with inflammable gas source of the gas and distribution source of the gas respectively, another road output of distribution tank and explosive release the input port be connected.
Described portfire comprises lighter, and lighter is installed on the explosive release, and described lighter adopts spark ignition.According to the difference of lighter installation site, can realize the igniting of diverse location; According to the difference that enters container depth, can realize the wall igniting of container or pipeline and the igniting of two kinds of forms of centerfire.
Described data acquisition processing device comprises that the pressure transducer, rate of flame propagation sensor, temperature sensor, signal amplification circuit, data acquisition circuit and the computing machine that are installed on described spherical container 1, hydrostatic column 2 and the pipeline 3 form, pressure transducer, rate of flame propagation sensor, temperature sensor link to each other with the input end of signal amplifier, the output terminal of signal amplifier links to each other with the input end of data acquisition unit, and the output terminal of data acquisition unit links to each other with computing machine.
Described explosive release is installed between air distributing device and the data acquisition processing device, and explosive release comprises spherical container 1, hydrostatic column 2 and pipeline 3.All can freely dock by flange 4 between spherical container 1, hydrostatic column 2 and the pipeline 3.
Flame when described high-speed digital photography machine is used for taking container and the interior flammable gas explosion of pipeline, its camera lens is over against the viewing section that needs monitoring location, and output terminal links to each other with computing machine.
Described spherical container volume is 11L-1m
3, be respectively: 11L, 22L, 113L, 550L and 1m
3
Described hydrostatic column is respectively two kinds of 2:1 and 1:1 according to the length-diameter ratio ratio of internal diameter (length with).Length-diameter ratio is that the hydrostatic column volume of 2:1 is 11L-1m
3, preferred volume is respectively: 11L, 22L, 113L, 550L and 1m
3The length-diameter ratio ratio of internal diameter (length with) is 11L-1m for the hydrostatic column volume of 1:1
3, preferred volume is respectively: 11L, 22L, 113L, 550L and 1m
3
Described pipeline is divided into two kinds of circular pipe and square pipes by interior cross section.The pipeline of every kind of cross sectional shape has 5 kinds of different sectional dimensions, and every kind of size pipeline all has 5 joints, the long 2m in every pipe joint road.The circular pipe diameter of section is 30mm-180mm, and the preferred cross-sections diameter is respectively 30mm, 60mm, 100mm, 140mm and 180mm; The square pipe cross section length of side is 23.6mm-141.3mm, and the preferred cross-sections length of side is respectively 23.6mm, 47.1mm, 78.5mm, 109.9mm and 141.3mm.
All there is high strength organic glass viewing section at the specific position place of described container and pipeline, the flame image when being used for high-speed digital photography machine shooting gas burst.Have the 4 viewing section 1-3 of place on the spherical container 1, lay respectively at the horizontal largest contours of spherical container position, vertically in the middle of conduit and the horizontal largest contours position, vertical conduit place, horizontal duct place; Have the 5 viewing section 2-3 of place on the hydrostatic column 2, lay respectively at the upper, middle and lower part of hydrostatic column main body, vertically conduit place, horizontal duct place; Have the 3 viewing section 3-3 of place on the pipeline 3, lay respectively at the pipeline left, center, right.
Be equipped with lighter interface, sensor interface, air inlet/outlet at container and pipeline.Spherical container has the 1 lighter interface 1-4 of place; Hydrostatic column has the 3 lighter interface 2-4 of place, lays respectively at upper, middle and lower 3 places of container; The 3 lighter interface 3-4 of place are arranged on every pipe joint road, lay respectively at 3 places, left, center, right of pipeline.Many places lighter interface can be realized in container or the igniting of pipeline diverse location, the size effect impact that the research ignition location produces the gas burst characteristic.Sensor comprises pressure transducer, temperature sensor and rate of flame propagation sensor.The feature locations of container and pipeline is evenly equipped with sensor interface, can realize the systematicness monitoring to explosive release feature locations place flammable gas explosion characteristic.Feature locations comprises: extraction catheter and container combination place, spherical container shoulder, the horizontal largest contours of spherical container place, hydrostatic column shoulder, hydrostatic column upper and lower, pipeline left, center, right three parts, pipe ends closure fange center.Air inlet/outlet is used for charging and discharging the circulation of flammable premixed gas, container or blowing pipeline and premixed gas, adopts bottom in and top out or a left side to advance the circulation pattern that the right side goes out, and guarantees that inflammable gas mixes.
With reference to accompanying drawing 2, described air distributing device comprises inflammable gas source of the gas, distribution source of the gas, distribution tank, solenoid valve 1, solenoid valve 29, solenoid valve 3 12, solenoid valve 4 16, flowmeter 10, cooling gas check valve 11, constant-current controller 13, pressure switch 14, stop valve 1, stop valve 2 15 and vacuum pump.Described distribution source of the gas is pure air.Described inflammable gas source of the gas adopts methane, propane, ethene and liquefied gas etc.The inflammable gas source of the gas, the distribution source of the gas passes through respectively pipeline, solenoid valve 1, solenoid valve 29, flowmeter 10, cooling gas check valve 11 is connected with solenoid valve 3 12, after the mixing through constant-current controller 13, pressure switch 14 controls, sending into the further distribution of distribution tank by pipeline mixes, open stop valve 2 15, start vacuum pump, explosive release spherical container, hydrostatic column, ducted air is through the vacuum pump suction, exhaust, make explosive release form negative pressure state in the container, close stop valve 2 15, open stop valve 1, open solenoid valve 4 16 by pulpit control Controlled by Programmable Controller, inflammable gas and air gas mixture in the distribution tank, enter explosive release in the container, make it reach set pressure, by pulpit control Controlled by Programmable Controller shut electromagnetic valve 4 16, close stop valve 1, explosive release can enter next step igniting Exploding test program.Described constant-current controller 13 adopts commercially available constant-current controller.Described pressure switch 14 adopts commercially available pressure switch.
With reference to accompanying drawing 4,7,8, described explosive release spherical container 1 be provided with air intake opening 1-1, gas outlet 1-2, lighter interface 1-4, pressure sensor interface 1-6, rate of flame propagation sensor interface 1-8, temperature sensor interface 1-7, air intake opening 1-1 links to each other with air distributing device by stop valve, lighter interface 1-4 is equipped with lighter, among the pressure sensor interface 1-6 pressure transducer is installed, among the rate of flame propagation sensor interface 1-8 rate of flame propagation sensor is installed, among the temperature sensor interface 1-7 temperature sensor is installed, spherical container 1 freely docks with pipeline 3 by flange 4.Be provided with air intake opening 3-1, gas outlet 3-2, pressure sensor interface 1-6, rate of flame propagation sensor interface 1-7, temperature sensor interface 1-7 on the pipeline 3, pressure sensor interface 1-6 is equipped with pressure transducer, rate of flame propagation sensor interface 1-8 is equipped with the rate of flame propagation sensor, and temperature sensor interface 1-7 is equipped with temperature sensor.Gas circulator 7 air intake openings link to each other with the gas outlet 1-2 of spherical container 1, and gas circulator 7 air intake openings link to each other with the air intake opening 3-1 of pipeline 3, be used for before igniting, will being contained in explosive release spherical container 1 mix with gas in the pipeline 3.Be provided with viewing section 1-3 at spherical container 1, be provided with viewing section 3-3 at pipeline 3.Spherical container 1 and pipeline 3 are installed in respectively to be stablized steelframe 5 and supports, and universal wheel 6 is housed, the mutual combination of convenient container and pipeline stablizing steelframe 5 bottoms.Described spherical container 1 is equipped with tensimeter 1-5, can indicate spherical container 1 internal pressure.
With reference to accompanying drawing 5,6, described explosive release hydrostatic column 2 be provided with air intake opening 2-1, gas outlet 2-2, lighter interface 2-4, pressure sensor interface 2-6, rate of flame propagation sensor interface 2-8, temperature sensor interface 2-7, air intake opening 2-1 links to each other with air distributing device by stop valve, lighter interface 2-4 is equipped with lighter, among the pressure sensor interface 2-6 pressure transducer is installed, among the rate of flame propagation sensor interface 2-8 rate of flame propagation sensor is installed, among the temperature sensor interface 2-7 temperature sensor is installed, hydrostatic column 2 can freely dock with pipeline 3 by flange 4.Be provided with viewing section 2-3 at hydrostatic column 2.Hydrostatic column 2 is installed in to be stablized steelframe 5 and supports, and universal wheel 6 is housed, the mutual combination of convenient container and pipeline stablizing steelframe 5 bottoms.Described hydrostatic column 2 is equipped with tensimeter 2-5, can indicate hydrostatic column 2 internal pressures.
With reference to accompanying drawing 4,9,10,11, described explosive release pipeline 3 be provided with air intake opening 3-1, gas outlet 3-2, lighter interface 3-4, pressure sensor interface 3-5, rate of flame propagation sensor interface 3-7, temperature sensor interface 3-6, air intake opening 3-1 links to each other with air distributing device by stop valve, lighter interface 3-4 is equipped with lighter, among the pressure sensor interface 3-5 pressure transducer is installed, among the rate of flame propagation sensor interface 3-7 rate of flame propagation sensor is installed, among the temperature sensor interface 3-6 temperature sensor is installed, pipeline 3 can freely dock with hydrostatic column 2 or spherical container 1 by flange 4.Be provided with viewing section 3-3 at pipeline 3.Pipeline 3 is installed in to be stablized steelframe 5 and supports, and universal wheel 6 is housed, the mutual combination of convenient container and pipeline stablizing steelframe 5 bottoms.Described pipeline 3 can adopt circular pipe (seeing accompanying drawing 10) or square pipe (seeing accompanying drawing 11).
The corresponding use of pipeline of bridge piece and above-mentioned shape and size, angle of bend is 45 °-150 °, is respectively 45 °, 60 °, 90 °, 120 ° and 150 °.Bridge piece can be realized the mutual connection angles of parts such as container, pipeline, and the size effect that the angle variation causes between convenient research container and the structures such as container, pipeline and pipeline, container and pipeline is on the impact of gas burst characteristic.
Described portfire, this portfire are that (model: XDH-6L), ignition energy is 6J to high-energy electronic igniter, and this device speed of ignition is fast, easy to operate.By the burning torch of customized different length, can realize in container or pipeline center's igniting and wall igniting.
Described high-speed digital photography machine, this high-speed digital photography machine image acquisition device (model: highest resolution@capture rate Phantom V7.3): 800 * 600@6688 frame/second; The highest capture rate@resolution: 190476 frames/second@32 * 8; The minimum exposure time: 2 μ s; Pixel count: 480000; Communication interface: gigabit Ethernet; Sensitivity (ISO-12232 SAT): the 4800(black and white); 1200(is colored); Camera lens: Nikon AF Zoom 80-200mm f/2.8D ED; Software triggers; Frame synchronization: independent FSYNC BNC synchronous port, support internal clock source, external clock reference, IRIG-8 timing code and phase shift IRIG-B.
Data acquisition processing device, this data collector mainly is comprised of the pressure transducer, temperature sensor, rate of flame propagation sensor, signal amplification circuit, data acquisition circuit and the computing machine that are installed in the described explosive release, pressure transducer, temperature sensor and rate of flame propagation sensor link to each other with the input end of signal amplification circuit, the output terminal of signal amplification circuit links to each other with the input end of data acquisition circuit, and the output terminal of data acquisition circuit links to each other with computing machine.Take explosive release implode flame flow field picture by the high-speed digital photography machine simultaneously, the output terminal of high-speed digital photography machine links to each other with computing machine.
The input end of described distribution tank links to each other with the output terminal of distributing instrument (model can be GH-1), and the input end of distributing instrument links to each other with inflammable gas source of the gas and distribution source of the gas respectively.
Described distribution source of the gas is pure air.Described inflammable gas source of the gas adopts methane, propane, ethene and liquefied gas etc.
Described each device, except interior shape, size difference, outside junction all can freely connect by standard flange.
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and example.
The test macro of a kind of learning gas blast size effect, it mainly by air distributing device, explosive release, portfire, high-speed digital photography machine and data acquisition processing device form, as shown in the figure.
Air distributing device wherein (as shown in the figure) comprises the distribution tank, the input end of distribution tank links to each other with inflammable gas source of the gas (can adopt gas cylinder or directly link to each other with gas generating unit) and distribution source of the gas (can be pure air or other inert gas) respectively, for the combined amount of accurate control inflammable gas with the distribution (air) of joining, a distributing instrument (model can be GH-1) can be installed before the input end of distribution tank, the input end of distributing instrument links to each other with inflammable gas source of the gas and distribution source of the gas respectively, also can require at the distribution pipeline corresponding flowmeter to be installed according to control during implementation, electric-air valve, the electric control elements such as retaining valve are to improve the automatization level of control.
Explosive release inlet end link to each other with the distributing instrument outlet side, close gas admittance valve after inflation finishes, open the air circulation pump flammable premixed gas mixed.Each sensor access correspondence position is connected in the controller, uses bolt to seal when sensor interface does not use.Container, pipeline connect with flange each other.
High-speed digital photography instrument of the present invention as shown in the figure, it is mainly used in taking flame profile and the propagation condition of inflammable gas explosion time in the container of different structure size or pipeline.In use, Phantom control software is installed first in computing machine, computing machine is connected with the high-speed digital photography instrument, open camera lens, start-up routine, in computing machine, show the image that video camera photographs, by adjusting lens focus, aperture and other parameters, make image satisfy the research requirement.After shooting finishes, in control software, shear, and convert general image and audio-visual broadcast format to, be convenient to watch and use.
Data collector of the present invention as shown in the figure, it is mainly by the pressure transducer (model can be PT500-503H) that is installed in the described gas burst device, temperature sensor (model section is model NANMAC C2-7), rate of flame propagation sensor (adopting phototriode to make), signal amplification circuit (can adopt custom circuit), data acquisition circuit (can adopt custom circuit to be realized) and computing machine form, each sensor links to each other with the input end of signal amplification circuit, the output terminal of signal amplification circuit links to each other with the input end of data acquisition circuit, and the output terminal of data acquisition circuit links to each other with computing machine.Data acquisition circuit also can adopt multi-Channels Data Acquisition and data acquisition software to be realized, data are processed and analysis part adopts the universal signal analysis software that data and signal are analyzed and processed.Part of data acquisition adopts JV5231 type multi-Channels Data Acquisition synchronous acquisition, and maximum sample rate is 20M, and resolution is 12bit, and trueness error is less than 1.0%.Adopt Signal-View universal signal analysis software that data and signal are analyzed and processed.
Because the present invention is the experimental system of the size effect of research flammable gas explosion characteristic, therefore the present invention's dismountable of container, pipeline, bend pipe in the system by experiment can be finished two-part Research on Size Effect: the gas burst characteristic dimension effect in the confined space and the size effect in the venting of dust explosion process.The internal diameter varies of spherical container is mainly considered in the research of this two aspect, and the hydrostatic column length-diameter ratio changes, and the container of adapter changes, and the length that container is taken over, cross-sectional area, shape of cross section are different, and the camber of pipeline is such as factor how.
The concrete testing scheme that the research geomery changes the size effect cause mainly comprises three series: single container or tubing, single container connecting tube series, linker are serial, and flammable premixed gas is blasted in each serial explosive release.
Take in these three kinds of structures by the single container of longitudinal comparison, container adapter, two containers, the blast characteristics parameter at same feature locations place can be studied because the size effect that structural change produces.
Specific analytical method
By above-mentioned concrete testing scheme, can obtain in the different structure size under the different ignition conditions gas burst characterisitic parameter data of diverse location in the container and pipeline.The data that record by systematically analyzing experiment, disclosing size effect affects rule and mechanism to the gas burst characteristic.
During analytical calculation gas burst characterisitic parameter data, mainly comprise procedure parameter and characteristic parameter in the explosion wave communication process.
(1) procedure parameter
Explosion pressure
P-the time
tRelation, the real time data that obtains according to the sensor at each feature locations place, can draw the time dependent conditional curve of same position explosion pressure, also can draw the explosion pressure curve at synchronization diverse location place simultaneously, disclose the explosion pressure communication process.
Temperature rate-of-rise
The relation of-time t is by data analysis software origin and Matlab pair
T-
tData analysis can calculate the time dependent curve of temperature rate-of-rise, reflects the rule that temperature rate-of-rise changes.
Flame propagation velocity
vData and analysis software origin and Matlab by the feature locations flame sensor gathers can analytical calculation go out the flame propagation condition, and the flame situation of change of same position.
(2) characteristic parameter
Maximum blast temperature
T Max, by the analysis to procedure parameter, can analyze easily the peaked position of maximum blast temperature in the maximum blast temperature, same structure of same position, disclose maximum blast temperature and the position of bearing in container or the pipeline.
In addition by analyzing pressure history, can disclose the relation between the dynamic characteristic such as turbulent flow in the explosion wave communication process, jet flame, blast wave reflection and energy variation and gas flow, blast wave and the explosive flame.
The present invention is except can the size effect of systematic study flammable gas explosion characteristic, if be used in conjunction with other experiment test instruments, can also be used for the Flow Field outside characteristic of research inflammable gas when container, pipe explosion, thereby realize the systematic study of gas burst size effect, Flow Field outside characteristic, and by increasing the venting of dust explosion sheet, can study the venting of dust explosion characteristic of container, pipeline, for the venting of dust explosion of container, pipeline, antiknock design provide the infrastest condition, the accumulation experimental data.
Experimental implementation process of the present invention is: (1) at first according to the experiment needs, determine explosive release version, size, select suitable container, pipeline to make up and burning torch; (2) assemble explosive release and experimental apparatus according to Fig. 1, the air distributing device that has been linked and packed, explosive release, and data acquisition processing device arrange the high-speed digital photography seat in the plane and put, and check the circuit of various parts, and guarantee to connect good, the testing fixture impermeability; (3) preparing certain density flammable premixed gas body by distributing instrument is stored in the distribution tank; (4) start vacuum pump and make explosive release be evacuated to negative pressure-0.006MPa, opens solenoid valve is slowly carried the flammable premixed gas body in explosive container, pressure transducer in container and the pipeline begins to receive pressure signal, according to the experimental pressure situation, start supercharge pump, and setup pressure value; (5) the cleaning personnel are to the safety zone, leave standstill experimental provision, the flammable premixed gas body is mixed, igniting blasting gas subsequently, coherent signal by explosion pressure sensor, temperature sensor and rate of flame propagation sensor test gas burst characteristic, the high-speed digital photography machine is taken explosion time flame situation, and signal is passed to data collecting instrument, carries out data acquisition, processing and analysis.
Explosive release of the present invention be characterised in that the structure of container, pipeline, intensifier ring and bend pipe and size system are comprehensive, can realize systematically that inflammable gas explodes, and is used for the influence factor of the main aspect of learning gas blast size effect in the connection container of container, pipeline and container and pipeline composition.The comprehensive system of structure of the present invention, operability is good, automaticity is high, solved the difficult problem of inflammable gas size effect systematic study, for disclose physical dimension change cause size effect impact mechanism that gas burst is propagated and draw that gas burst intensity calculation chart systematically provides enough basic theory data under the various construction geometry conditions.
The part that the present invention does not relate to all prior art that maybe can adopt same as the prior art is realized.
Claims (10)
1. the test macro of a gas burst characteristic dimension effect is characterized in that: comprise air distributing device, portfire, explosive release, data acquisition and treating apparatus and high-speed digital photography machine;
Described air distributing device comprises inflammable gas source of the gas, distribution source of the gas and distribution tank, and the input end of distribution tank links to each other with inflammable gas source of the gas and distribution source of the gas respectively, another road output of distribution tank and explosive release the input port be connected;
Described portfire comprises lighter, and lighter is installed on the explosive release, adopts spark ignition, according to the difference of lighter installation site, can realize the igniting of diverse location; According to the difference that enters container depth, can realize the wall igniting of container or pipeline and the igniting of two kinds of forms of centerfire;
Described data acquisition processing device comprises pressure transducer, rate of flame propagation sensor, temperature sensor and signal amplification circuit, data acquisition circuit, the computing machine that is installed on described spherical container, hydrostatic column and the pipeline; Pressure transducer, rate of flame propagation sensor, temperature sensor link to each other with the input end of signal amplifier, and the output terminal of signal amplifier links to each other with the input end of data acquisition unit, and the output terminal of data acquisition unit links to each other with computing machine;
Described explosive release is installed between air distributing device and the data acquisition processing device, and explosive release comprises spherical container, hydrostatic column and pipeline; All can freely dock by flange between spherical container, hydrostatic column and the pipeline;
Flame when described high-speed digital photography machine is used for taking container and the interior flammable gas explosion of pipeline, high-speed digital photography machine camera lens is over against the viewing section that needs monitoring location, and high-speed digital photography machine output terminal links to each other with computing machine.
2. the test macro of gas burst characteristic dimension effect according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described spherical container, hydrostatic column and pipeline all have the sizes specification, are used for carrying out inflammable gas in the Research on Size Effect of container or the ducted blast characteristics of different size or shape.
3. the test macro of gas burst characteristic dimension effect according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described explosive release various piece by changing container, the geomery of pipeline and mutual syndeton, connect easily combination, from the size effect of structure and geomery two aspect learning gas blasts.
4. the test macro of gas burst characteristic dimension effect according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described spherical container volume is 11L-1m
3, preferred volume is 11L, 22L, 113L, 550L and 1m
3
5. the test macro of gas burst characteristic dimension effect according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described hydrostatic column is respectively two kinds of 2:1 and 1:1 according to length-diameter ratio; Length-diameter ratio is that the hydrostatic column volume of 2:1 is 11L-1m
3, preferred volume is respectively: 11L, 22L, 113L, 550L and 1m
3Length-diameter ratio is that the hydrostatic column volume of 1:1 is 11L-1m
3, preferred volume is respectively: 11L, 22L, 113L, 550L and 1m
3
6. the test macro of gas burst characteristic dimension effect according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described pipeline is divided into two kinds of circular pipe and square pipes by interior cross section; The pipeline of every kind of cross sectional shape has 5 kinds of different sectional dimensions, and every kind of size pipeline all has 5 joints, the long 2m in every pipe joint road; The circular pipe diameter of section is 30mm-180mm, and the preferred cross-sections diameter is respectively 30mm, 60mm, 100mm, 140mm and 180mm; The square pipe cross section length of side is 23.6mm-141.3mm, and the preferred cross-sections length of side is respectively 23.6mm, 47.1mm, 78.5mm, 109.9mm and 141.3mm.
7. the test macro of gas burst characteristic dimension effect according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described container and pipeline all have high strength organic glass viewing section, the flame image when being used for the high-speed digital photography machine and taking gas burst; Have 4 place's viewing sections on the spherical container, lay respectively at the horizontal largest contours of spherical container position, vertically in the middle of conduit and the horizontal largest contours position, vertical conduit place, horizontal duct place; Have 5 place's viewing sections on the hydrostatic column, lay respectively at the upper, middle and lower part of hydrostatic column main body, vertically conduit place, horizontal duct place; Have 3 place's viewing sections on the pipeline, lay respectively at the pipeline left, center, right.
8. the test macro of gas burst characteristic dimension effect according to claim 1 is characterized in that: be equipped with lighter interface, sensor interface, air inlet/outlet at container and pipeline; Spherical container has 1 place's lighter interface; Hydrostatic column has 3 place's lighter interfaces, lays respectively at 3 places, upper, middle and lower of container; 3 place's lighter interfaces are arranged on every pipe joint road, lay respectively at 3 places, left, center, right of pipeline;
Many places lighter Interface realization is in container or the igniting of pipeline diverse location, and the research ignition location affects the size effect that the gas burst characteristic produces; Sensor comprises pressure transducer, temperature sensor and rate of flame propagation sensor; The feature locations of container and pipeline is evenly equipped with sensor interface, realizes the systematicness monitoring to explosive release feature locations place flammable gas explosion characteristic; Feature locations comprises: extraction catheter and container combination place, spherical container shoulder, the horizontal largest contours of spherical container place, hydrostatic column shoulder, hydrostatic column upper and lower, pipeline left, center, right three parts, pipe ends closure fange center; Air inlet/outlet is used for charging and discharging the circulation of flammable premixed gas, container or blowing pipeline and premixed gas, adopts bottom in and top out or a left side to advance the circulation pattern that the right side goes out, and guarantees that inflammable gas mixes.
9. the test macro of gas burst characteristic dimension effect according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described air distributing device also comprises solenoid valve one, solenoid valve two, solenoid valve three, solenoid valve four, flowmeter, cooling gas check valve, constant flow control valve, pressure switch, stop valve one, stop valve two and vacuum pump.
10. the test macro of gas burst characteristic dimension effect according to claim 1 is characterized in that: adopt below spherical container, hydrostatic column and the pipeline and stablize the steelframe support, and universal wheel, the mutual combination of convenient container and pipeline are installed.
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