CN108624388A - 一种冠形盖切边防锈油的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种冠形盖切边防锈油的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108624388A
CN108624388A CN201810798595.8A CN201810798595A CN108624388A CN 108624388 A CN108624388 A CN 108624388A CN 201810798595 A CN201810798595 A CN 201810798595A CN 108624388 A CN108624388 A CN 108624388A
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裘友玖
张鑫
朱华
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Foshan Ling Chao New Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种冠形盖切边防锈油的制备方法,属于防锈油技术领域。本发明利用单凝聚法来制备液体微胶囊,以壳聚糖‑锌‑明胶‑食用蜡复合材料作为囊壁物质,以亚麻油和二甲基硅油作为囊芯物质,明胶作为液体微胶囊的囊壁,其中添加食用蜡,使囊壁物质有良好的疏水性,使得制备的防锈油不易在水中流失或受机械力脱落;本发明中以二甲基硅油作为缓蚀剂,二甲基硅油其Si-O-Si键较长,键角较大,破坏二甲基硅油聚合物时需要更高的活化能,从而使聚硅氧烷具有突出的耐热性、耐候性、疏水性、生理惰性和较小的表面张力,因此,二甲基硅油具有生理惰性、良好的化学稳定性和耐候性,凝固点低,闪点高,疏水性能好,价格便宜,且无味无毒。

Description

一种冠形盖切边防锈油的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种冠形盖切边防锈油的制备方法,属于防锈油技术领域。
背景技术
冠形盖是指用电镀锡(或镀铬)薄钢板制成的用于啤酒、汽水等饮料行业的金属瓶盖。冠形盖主要用于玻璃瓶装的酒业和饮料业,使用量大。瓶盖的品质主要是指它的密封性和防锈性。良好的密封性能隔绝饮料与外界空气接触,保证饮料口味的稳定和新鲜;良好的防锈性能保证饮料良好的外观包装和饮料的饮用卫生。众所周知,空气中的水汽、氧和二氧化碳是造成金属腐蚀的主要原因,而冠形盖在运输和储存过程中不可避免的会接触到水汽或水溶液,若冠形盖未做好防锈处理,则会发生锈蚀。瓶盖的防锈处理包括两部分,一是瓶盖内外表面的防锈处理,二是瓶盖切边的防锈处理。因此从食品安全的角度出发,研究一种适合冠形盖切边防锈的防锈油是非常有必要的。
防锈油通常由溶剂、防锈剂和其它辅助添加剂(如分散剂、抗氧剂、防霉剂和消泡剂等)多种材料混合制成。溶剂在防锈油中能起到载体作用,使防锈剂在油中分散;又能起到油效应作用。防锈剂又称油溶性防锈剂,是防锈油中起防锈作用的关键组分。辅助添加剂的作用是对防锈油或涂膜的某一特定性能起改进作用。
防锈油具有使用效果好、使用方便、成本低廉、易于施工、操作简便和易于去除等优点,已在国内外得到广泛的应用。目前防锈油品在朝着标准化、系列化方向发展的同时,表现出以下几个值得注意的发展趋势:
(1)功能多样化;
(2)油膜厚度薄;
(3)低粘度性;
(4)较高的环保要求;
(5)重视包装。
因为冠形盖应用于饮食行业,首先要求防锈油膜必须符合食品安全的要求,安全、环保;其次切边防锈只是冠形盖防锈处理的一部分,对于这种小型加工工艺来说,防锈油膜的成本需合理,且防锈油膜的制备、加工工艺需简单易行。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题:针对现有防锈油耐腐蚀性能不好的问题,提供了一种冠形盖切边防锈油的制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是:
(1)按重量份数计,分别称取10~20份硝酸银、20~40份去离子水、5~9份质量分数为3%的氨水,将硝酸银溶解于去离子水中,加入质量分数为3%的氨水,得银氨溶液,将壳聚糖和银氨溶液混合,在温度为50~60℃下搅拌30~50min,得混合溶液A,将质量分数为0.1%的葡萄糖水溶液和混合溶液A混合,在温度为90~110℃下搅拌反应1~2h,冷却至室温后,得混合溶液B;
(2)按重量份数计,分别称取20~40份混合溶液B、10~30份质量分数为2%明胶溶液、10~16份食用蜡、6~7份复合乳化剂、14~22份亚麻油、16~24份二甲基硅油、0.3~0.5份非离子表面活性剂、5~8份脱水剂,将混合溶液B、质量分数为2%明胶溶液、食用蜡、复合乳化剂、亚麻油、二甲基硅油、非离子表面活性剂、脱水剂,磁力搅拌处理,得防锈油。
步骤(1)所述的壳聚糖和银氨溶液按质量比1∶4混合。
步骤(1)所述的质量分数为0.1%的葡萄糖水溶液和混合溶液A按质量比1∶5混合。
步骤(2)所述的复合乳化剂为OP-10和Tween-80按质量比1∶2混合。
步骤(2)所述的非离子表面活性剂为蔗糖酯。
步骤(2)所述的脱水剂为无水乙醇。
步骤(2)所述的磁力搅拌处理为在室温下转速为1000~1200r/min磁力搅拌30~50min,滴加复合乳化剂,继续搅拌10~20min,得乳液,滴加亚麻油和二甲基硅油,搅拌10~30min,依次加入非离子表面活性剂和脱水剂,搅拌1~2h。
本发明与其他方法相比,有益技术效果是:
(1)本发明利用单凝聚法来制备液体微胶囊,以壳聚糖-锌-明胶-食用蜡复合材料作为囊壁物质,以亚麻油和二甲基硅油作为囊芯物质,明胶作为液体微胶囊的囊壁,成膜性也很好,并且有弹性,是天然高分子可生物降解材料,其中添加食用蜡,使囊壁物质有良好的疏水性,壳聚糖作为一种螯合剂,选择性地螯合对微生物生长起关键作用的金属离子,从而抑制微生物的生长和产毒,壳聚糖是一种具有抗菌性且环境友好的生物材料,壳聚糖分子链上有大量的羟基和氨基可与纳米银发生作用,可以稳定纳米银颗粒;纳米银与壳聚糖形成包裹结构,不仅能在溶液中维持纳米银尺寸的稳定性,也能有效阻挡纳米银向水中扩散,同时壳聚糖与明胶之间具有氢键作用力,加上纳米银与明胶之间也具有吸附或螯合作用,使得制备的防锈油不易在水中流失或受机械力脱落;
(2)本发明中以二甲基硅油作为缓蚀剂,二甲基硅油主链由交替排列的硅原子和氧原子组成,其Si-O-Si键较长,键角较大,破坏二甲基硅油聚合物时需要更高的活化能,从而使聚硅氧烷具有突出的耐热性、耐候性、疏水性、生理惰性和较小的表面张力,因此,二甲基硅油具有生理惰性、良好的化学稳定性和耐候性,凝固点低,闪点高,疏水性能好,价格便宜,且无味无毒。
具体实施方式
按重量份数计,分别称取10~20份硝酸银、20~40份去离子水、5~9份质量分数为3%的氨水,将硝酸银溶解于去离子水中,加入质量分数为3%的氨水,得银氨溶液,按质量比1∶4将壳聚糖和银氨溶液混合,在温度为50~60℃下搅拌30~50min,得混合溶液A,按质量比1∶5将质量分数为0.1%的葡萄糖水溶液和混合溶液A混合,在温度为90~110℃下搅拌反应1~2h,冷却至室温后,得混合溶液B;按质量比1∶2将OP-10和Tween-80混合均匀,得复合乳化剂,按重量份数计,分别称取20~40份混合溶液B、10~30份质量分数为2%明胶溶液、10~16份食用蜡、6~7份复合乳化剂、14~22份亚麻油、16~24份二甲基硅油、0.3~0.5份蔗糖酯、5~8份无水乙醇,将混合溶液B、质量分数为2%明胶溶液和食用蜡混合,在室温下转速为1000~1200r/min磁力搅拌30~50min,滴加复合乳化剂,继续搅拌10~20min,得乳液,滴加亚麻油和二甲基硅油,搅拌10~30min,依次加入蔗糖酯和无水乙醇,搅拌1~2h后,得防锈油。
按重量份数计,分别称取10份硝酸银、20份去离子水、5份质量分数为3%的氨水,将硝酸银溶解于去离子水中,加入质量分数为3%的氨水,得银氨溶液,按质量比1∶4将壳聚糖和银氨溶液混合,在温度为50℃下搅拌30min,得混合溶液A,按质量比1∶5将质量分数为0.1%的葡萄糖水溶液和混合溶液A混合,在温度为90℃下搅拌反应1h,冷却至室温后,得混合溶液B;按质量比1∶2将OP-10和Tween-80混合均匀,得复合乳化剂,按重量份数计,分别称取20份混合溶液B、10份质量分数为2%明胶溶液、10份食用蜡、6份复合乳化剂、14份亚麻油、16份二甲基硅油、0.3份蔗糖酯、5份无水乙醇,将混合溶液B、质量分数为2%明胶溶液和食用蜡混合,在室温下转速为1000r/min磁力搅拌30min,滴加复合乳化剂,继续搅拌10min,得乳液,滴加亚麻油和二甲基硅油,搅拌10min,依次加入蔗糖酯和无水乙醇,搅拌1h后,得防锈油。
按重量份数计,分别称取15份硝酸银、30份去离子水、7份质量分数为3%的氨水,将硝酸银溶解于去离子水中,加入质量分数为3%的氨水,得银氨溶液,按质量比1∶4将壳聚糖和银氨溶液混合,在温度为55℃下搅拌40min,得混合溶液A,按质量比1∶5将质量分数为0.1%的葡萄糖水溶液和混合溶液A混合,在温度为100℃下搅拌反应1h,冷却至室温后,得混合溶液B;按质量比1∶2将OP-10和Tween-80混合均匀,得复合乳化剂,按重量份数计,分别称取30份混合溶液B、20份质量分数为2%明胶溶液、13份食用蜡、6份复合乳化剂、18份亚麻油、20份二甲基硅油、0.4份蔗糖酯、6份无水乙醇,将混合溶液B、质量分数为2%明胶溶液和食用蜡混合,在室温下转速为1100r/min磁力搅拌40min,滴加复合乳化剂,继续搅拌15min,得乳液,滴加亚麻油和二甲基硅油,搅拌20min,依次加入蔗糖酯和无水乙醇,搅拌1h后,得防锈油。
按重量份数计,分别称取20份硝酸银、40份去离子水、9份质量分数为3%的氨水,将硝酸银溶解于去离子水中,加入质量分数为3%的氨水,得银氨溶液,按质量比1∶4将壳聚糖和银氨溶液混合,在温度为60℃下搅拌50min,得混合溶液A,按质量比1∶5将质量分数为0.1%的葡萄糖水溶液和混合溶液A混合,在温度为110℃下搅拌反应2h,冷却至室温后,得混合溶液B;按质量比1∶2将OP-10和Tween-80混合均匀,得复合乳化剂,按重量份数计,分别称取40份混合溶液B、30份质量分数为2%明胶溶液、16份食用蜡、7份复合乳化剂、22份亚麻油、24份二甲基硅油、0.5份蔗糖酯、8份无水乙醇,将混合溶液B、质量分数为2%明胶溶液和食用蜡混合,在室温下转速为1200r/min磁力搅拌50min,滴加复合乳化剂,继续搅拌20min,得乳液,滴加亚麻油和二甲基硅油,搅拌30min,依次加入蔗糖酯和无水乙醇,搅拌2h后,得防锈油。
对照例:东莞某公司生产的防锈油。
将实例及对照例的防锈油进行检测,具体检测如下:
缓蚀性能:将每个瓶盖分别浸泡于自来水中,观察不同浸泡时间后瓶盖切边生成的锈蚀点的个数。自来水水质情况为:浑浊度0.30~0.37NTU,菌落总数6~28CFU/mL,总氯约为0.50~0.95mg/L。浸泡温度为常温。1个瓶盖有21个裙齿,每个裙齿上只要有锈斑就算一个锈蚀点,故每个瓶盖最多有21个锈蚀点,每5个瓶盖为1组,计算锈蚀点的平均值,只有当平均值<1时,该防锈油才合格。
表面接触角使用OCA40Micro接触角仪测量涂有锈油膜的试样的表面接触角,观察其疏水性,检测温度为23.4℃。测定时分别各取2个样品,每个样品取4个点进行测量。
电化学性能:采用美国EG&G—PAR263A恒电位仪和5210锁相放大器构成的测试系统,在室温、开路电位下测试试样的电化学阻抗谱,评价该防锈油的耐蚀性能。
具体检测结果如表1。
表1性能表征对比表
检测项目 实例1 实例2 实例3 对照例
平均锈蚀点/个 0.6 0.4 0.3 1.8
表面接触角/° 107.7 107.1 103.5 62.0
腐蚀电阻值/Ω 3.0×105 2.95×105 2.98×105 1.4×104
由表1可知,本发明制备的防锈油具有良好的缓蚀性能和防锈性能。

Claims (7)

1.一种冠形盖切边防锈油的制备方法,其特征在于具体步骤为:
(1)按重量份数计,分别称取10~20份硝酸银、20~40份去离子水、5~9份质量分数为3%的氨水,将硝酸银溶解于去离子水中,加入质量分数为3%的氨水,得银氨溶液,将壳聚糖和银氨溶液混合,在温度为50~60℃下搅拌30~50min,得混合溶液A,将质量分数为0.1%的葡萄糖水溶液和混合溶液A混合,在温度为90~110℃下搅拌反应1~2h,冷却至室温后,得混合溶液B;
(2)按重量份数计,分别称取20~40份混合溶液B、10~30份质量分数为2%明胶溶液、10~16份食用蜡、6~7份复合乳化剂、14~22份亚麻油、16~24份二甲基硅油、0.3~0.5份非离子表面活性剂、5~8份脱水剂,将混合溶液B、质量分数为2%明胶溶液、食用蜡、复合乳化剂、亚麻油、二甲基硅油、非离子表面活性剂、脱水剂,磁力搅拌处理,得防锈油。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种冠形盖切边防锈油的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)所述的壳聚糖和银氨溶液按质量比1∶4混合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种冠形盖切边防锈油的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)所述的质量分数为0.1%的葡萄糖水溶液和混合溶液A按质量比1∶5混合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种冠形盖切边防锈油的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)所述的复合乳化剂为OP-10和Tween-80按质量比1∶2混合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种冠形盖切边防锈油的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)所述的非离子表面活性剂为蔗糖酯。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种冠形盖切边防锈油的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)所述的脱水剂为无水乙醇。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种冠形盖切边防锈油的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)所述的磁力搅拌处理为在室温下转速为1000~1200r/min磁力搅拌30~50min,滴加复合乳化剂,继续搅拌10~20min,得乳液,滴加亚麻油和二甲基硅油,搅拌10~30min,依次加入非离子表面活性剂和脱水剂,搅拌1~2h。
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