CN108617419A - A kind of Sandy Grassland restorative procedure - Google Patents
A kind of Sandy Grassland restorative procedure Download PDFInfo
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- CN108617419A CN108617419A CN201810425626.5A CN201810425626A CN108617419A CN 108617419 A CN108617419 A CN 108617419A CN 201810425626 A CN201810425626 A CN 201810425626A CN 108617419 A CN108617419 A CN 108617419A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0225—Wind breakers, i.e. devices providing lateral protection of the plants
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Sandy Grassland restorative procedures, are related to ecological environmental protection field.Sandy Grassland restorative procedure comprising：After the edge of Sandy Grassland carries out Closed fencing, in the sand-protecting barrier that the Sandy Grassland in fence is located at sand dune windward slope and vertical with main wind direction position setting porosity is 25% 50%, it sets up the windproof area after sand-protecting barrier in sand-protecting barrier and carries out sand ground after-culture, prohibit at least 3 years after sand ground after-culture and cradles, at least 5 years closures against grazing after sand ground after-culture, it is using ecological recovery as final purpose, take into account the comprehensive utilization on grassland after restoring, sand-protecting barrier and sand ground after-culture is arranged in Closed fencing and is prohibited and the conditions such as cradles and combines, effectively improves regulation effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ecological environmental protection fields, and more particularly to a kind of Sandy Grassland restorative procedure.
Background technology
Grassland is the maximum ecosystem-type of China's land area, and the gross area is about 400,000,000 hectares.From eighties of last century with
Come, under the overlaying influence of many factors such as Global climate change and human interference, China grassland occur apparent degeneration,
It desertifies, and directly or indirectly threatens the existence and life of the mankind.According to statistics, the whole nation about 90% using natural grasslands not
Same deterioration, grass-land deterioration area account for the 85.4% of the grassland gross area, and desertification area accounts for 35.6%, and potential desertification area accounts for
46.7%.About 1281.41 hundred million yuan every year of direct economic loss caused by China desertifies at the end of the 20th century.Wherein, farming and animal husbandry is given birth to
Production causes damages 266.99 hundred million yuan, accounts for 20.84% (Liu Tuo, 2006) of total losses.
Sand ground refer to Different Climatic Zones there is the meadow of sandy ground surface environment to be eroded, water erosion, arid, Rodents and pests and artificial
The factors such as improper economic activity influence, and natural meadow is made to be destroyed in various degree, and soil weathers, and soil property desertifies, and soil has
Machine matter content declines, and nutriment is lost in, and Productivity decline causes former meadow, occurs using wind-sand activity as main feature
Degeneration meadow.
The country has carried out the research in terms of many related measures restore influence to grassland vegetaion at present.Existing sand prevention is controlled
Husky technology, main using the method for building meadow emphatically, administering method is single, not strong for the specific aim of Sandy Grassland, desertifies
The repairing effect on meadow is bad.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of Sandy Grassland restorative procedures, with plant on sand land pattern with ecological recovery for most
Whole purpose takes into account the comprehensive utilization on grassland after restoring, and by Closed fencing, setting sand-protecting barrier and sand ground after-culture and prohibits and the items such as cradles
Part combines, while being selected by suitable sand-protecting barrier, effectively improves regulation effect.
The present invention solves its technical problem using following technical scheme to realize.
The present invention proposes a kind of Sandy Grassland restorative procedure comprising：
In Sandy Grassland edge carry out Closed fencing after, in the Sandy Grassland in fence be located at sand dune windward slope and with master
The sand-protecting barrier that the vertical position setting porosity in wind direction is 25%-50%, set up the windproof area after sand-protecting barrier in sand-protecting barrier carry out it is husky
Ground after-culture is prohibited and is cradled at least 3 years after sand ground after-culture, at least 5 years closures against grazing after sand ground after-culture.
Wherein, on gentle sand ground of the gradient less than 4 °, the spacing of adjacent two sand-protecting barriers is the overground part height of sand-protecting barrier
15-20 times of degree；In the uneven sand dune slope surface of topography, the setting of sand-protecting barrier, wherein D are carried out according to formula D=H × ctg α
For the distance between sand-protecting barrier, H is the overground part height of sand-protecting barrier, and α is the Shamian Island gradient.
Sand-protecting barrier includes at least one of flush system sand-protecting barrier, vertical type sand-protecting barrier and biological checkboard, when sand-protecting barrier is vertical type
When sand-protecting barrier, sand-protecting barrier is embedded in Sandy Grassland, the overground part height of sand-protecting barrier is 30-100cm, preferably 30-40cm, and sand-protecting barrier
Overground part height is identical as the underground part depth of sand-protecting barrier.
A kind of advantageous effect of Sandy Grassland restorative procedure of the embodiment of the present invention is：
Sandy Grassland restorative procedure provided by the invention is by Closed fencing, setting sand-protecting barrier and sand ground after-culture, and the grass that desertifies
Ground reparation start after prohibit at least 3 years and the conditions synthesis such as cradle and combine, prevent manpower, wind-force etc. to the further pernicious of grassland
Intervene, using ecological recovery as final purpose, takes into account the comprehensive utilization on grassland after restoring, while multifactor reasonable cooperation, effectively carry
The efficiency and effect that height is repaired.
By the reasonable selection of the spacing to sand-protecting barrier porosity, sand-protecting barrier height, sand-protecting barrier direction and sand-protecting barrier, sand is effectively improved
The utilization rate of barrier and the efficiency for preventing desertification, it is windproof by sand-protecting barrier, after smooth sand ground, make the plant of after-culture after smooth sand ground
Grown in more suitable environment, at the same Closed fencing and Sandy Grassland reparation start after at least 3 years prohibit cradle, have
Effect restores the ecological balance so that the effect of Sandy Grassland reparation is good.
Description of the drawings
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, below will be to needed in the embodiment attached
Figure is briefly described, it should be understood that the following drawings illustrates only certain embodiments of the present invention, therefore is not construed as pair
The restriction of range for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can also be according to this
A little attached drawings obtain other relevant attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the column diagram of horse-hair mountain coupling relationship；
Fig. 2 is that front and back comparison diagram is administered at horse-hair mountain mountain bottom；
Fig. 3 is that front and back comparison diagram is administered on horse-hair mountain mountain top；
Fig. 4 is that front and back comparison diagram is administered on horse-hair mountain hill-side；
Fig. 5 is the column diagram of Chinese herbaceous peony sand grassland variation；
Fig. 6 is the fan-shaped comparison diagram for administering front and back Chinese herbaceous peony sand grassland density composition variation；
Fig. 7 is the column diagram breathed out field five and connect sand grassland variation；
Fig. 8 is the comparison diagram breathed out before and after the company of field five plant on sand land；
Fig. 9 is to administer the front and back fan-shaped comparison diagram breathed out field five and connect the composition variation of sand grassland density；
Figure 10 is to administer front and back field five of breathing out to connect satellite remote-sensing image comparison diagram；
Figure 11 is the column diagram for herding the sand grassland variation of the family grasslands Cao Lei；
Figure 12 is the line chart for herding the vegetation composition variation that sand ground different zones are administered on the family grasslands Cao Lei.
Specific implementation mode
It in order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below will be in the embodiment of the present invention
Technical solution be clearly and completely described.The person that is not specified actual conditions in embodiment, builds according to normal condition or manufacturer
The condition of view carries out.Reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturer is the conventional production that can be obtained by commercially available purchase
Product.
The Sandy Grassland restorative procedure of the embodiment of the present invention is specifically described below.
It should be noted that：Sandy Grassland includes blowout, gentle slope area, abrupt slope area and flat region, blowout refer to
Earth's surface is rich in husky source deposit and the area with vegetative coverage, using wind as power, and is destroyed earth's surface by mankind's activity etc. and planted
Quilt constantly under eolian erosion, forms terrestrial erosion situation.Specific classification is referring to the prior art.Abrupt slope area refers to due to wind
Erosion acts on, and causes the angle of deflation plane and earth's surface>30 °, gentle slope area refers to causing the angle of deflation plane and earth's surface due to eolian erosion
Spend 30 ° of ﹤.
Sandy Grassland restorative procedure includes：
In Sandy Grassland edge carry out Closed fencing after, in the Sandy Grassland in fence be located at sand dune windward slope and with master
The sand-protecting barrier that the vertical position setting porosity in wind direction is 25%-50%, set up the windproof area after sand-protecting barrier in sand-protecting barrier carry out it is husky
Ground after-culture is prohibited and is cradled at least 3 years after sand ground after-culture, at least 5 years closures against grazing after sand ground after-culture；It is preferred that Sandy Grassland reparation
Prohibit within 3 years after beginning and cradles, it is comprehensive to combine, prevent the further pernicious intervention to grassland such as manpower, wind-force.It is multifactor simultaneously
Rationally cooperation, effectively improves the efficiency and effect of reparation.
It should be noted that Sandy Grassland administer after, cannot be herded in 5 years, after 5 years according to circumstances depending on.It effectively improves
The recovery of grassland ecological environment.Meanwhile after the completion of reparation, fence need not be removed.
Wherein, Closed fencing refer to using fence meadow fencing for a period of time, without utilizing during this, and prevent people
Class and domestic animal enter, and prevent the entrance of the mankind and domestic animal from carrying out secondary destruction to administering region, while giving there are one meadows
The chance of rehabilitation accumulates enough stored nutrient substances, gradual recovered grassland productivity, and make herbage set seeds or
The chance nourished and generated promotes careless group's natural renovation.Fencing should according to the degree of degeneration on local grassland area situation and meadow into
Row seals area control.Protection fence should be arranged in fencing meadow, and fence-building technology is executed according to NY/T1237.
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is preferable that further include the Sandy Grassland in smooth fence before sand-protecting barrier is set, in
It further includes Sandy Grassland in smooth fence to be arranged before sand-protecting barrier, when Sandy Grassland is blowout region and abrupt slope area, smooth packet
Include deflation plane and earth's surface angle so that blowout region<30 °, deflation plane and the earth's surface angle in abrupt slope area<It is convenient for for 30 ° subsequently setting
Set sand-protecting barrier and sand ground after-culture.Smooth sand ground is conducive to the growth of follow-up plant simultaneously, forms biological checkboard.
Preferably, when deflation plane and earth's surface angle>At 45 °, usage mining machine carries out earthwork, deflation plane and earth's surface angle
Degree<At 45 °, earthwork is carried out using loading machine；When working area is more than 10 mu and deflation plane and earth's surface angle>45 °, make
Earthwork is carried out with excavator and loading machine cooperation, effectively improves operating efficiency.
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, when Sandy Grassland be topography it is flatter, the region of soil compaction caused by wind erosion
When, smooth includes carrying out operation of loosening the soil along contour, wherein ploughing depth 10-15cm during loosening the soil, rakes after turning over；It is conducive to
Follow-up after-culture, while conducive to the growth and development of plant and the storage of follow-up rainwater etc..It is effective along the contour operation that loosen the soil
Prevent the uneven thickness to loosen the soil, caused effect of loosening the soil poor.
Preferably, operation of loosening the soil is carried out before rainy season arrives, convenient for storage moisture, while convenient for the life of later stage plant
It is long.
Wherein, sand-protecting barrier is at least one of flush system sand-protecting barrier, vertical type sand-protecting barrier and biological checkboard.
Flush system sand-protecting barrier is larger for long-term dust storm, the region that other sand-protecting barrier types can not be stabilized, but flush system
Sand-protecting barrier cost is higher, is not easy large area use, and the usually slope steep in top of the slope or especially uses.
Vertical type sand-protecting barrier is larger for spring dust storm and other season dusts storm are smaller, and upright sand-protecting barrier can be easier to embedding area
Domain, general abrupt slope area and gentle slope area can use, and upright sand-protecting barrier cost is relatively low, and barrier dust storm effect is preferable.
Biological checkboard is larger for spring dust storm and other season dusts storm are smaller, and shrub or seed are relatively easy to sprout and survive
Region, general abrupt slope area and gentle slope area can use, and biological checkboard cost is relatively low, but it is general and mechanical to obstruct dust storm effect
Sand-protecting barrier cooperation is fixed the sand.
Optionally, flush system sand-protecting barrier generally selects apertured biological straw etc. to tile, and vertical type sand-protecting barrier first uses machine
Tool or it is public ditch, ditching depth 30-40cm, then artificial embedding vertical type sand-protecting barrier, aerial part and under ground portion
Contour, earthing is fixed or is fixed by bamboo stick.
When selecting sand-protecting barrier material, mostly uses wheat straw, reed, lath, gravel etc. and be easier to based on the material obtained, materials are held
Easily, cheap, sand-fixing effect is good, Small side effects.Preferably, sand-protecting barrier material is wheat straw, reed, yellow wicker etc., wheat after 2-3
Grass, reed corrosion can increase the nutrient of sand ground, and wicker can also be used as mechanical sand barrier, and the wicker after surviving can be used as biology
Sand-protecting barrier is utilized for livestock.
The setting of sand-protecting barrier includes that the spacing of sand-protecting barrier porosity, sand-protecting barrier height, sand-protecting barrier direction and sand-protecting barrier is arranged, by sand
The reasonable selection for hindering the spacing of porosity, sand-protecting barrier height, sand-protecting barrier direction and sand-protecting barrier effectively improves the utilization rate of sand-protecting barrier and prevents
The efficiency only to desertify, it is windproof by sand-protecting barrier, after smooth sand ground, in the environment for keeping the plant of after-culture more suitable after smooth sand ground
Grown, at the same Closed fencing and Sandy Grassland reparation start after at least 3 years prohibit cradle, effectively restore the ecological balance,
So that the effect of Sandy Grassland reparation is good.
Preferably, sand-protecting barrier porosity is 25%-50%；The size of specific sand-protecting barrier porosity, should be according to various regions wind-force and sand
Source situation specifically determines, wind-force it is big and in the case that husky source is small porosity answer it is small；Wind-force is big and when husky source abundance, porosity
Ying great.
Preferably, the overground part height of sand-protecting barrier be 30-100cm, preferably 30-40cm, and the overground part height of sand-protecting barrier with
The underground part depth of sand-protecting barrier is identical.It should be noted that when under sand ground position and sand-protecting barrier porosity same case, amount of drift sand and sand-protecting barrier
Height it is square directly proportional.
Preferably, sand-protecting barrier direction is vertical with main wind direction, and is arranged in sand dune windward slope, effectively avoids abatement wind speed, consolidates
Ding Shabiao.It is highly preferred that when setting sand-protecting barrier, first along main wind direction, the standardized road longitudinal axis is as benchmark in the middle part of sand dune, due to sand dune
The wind at middle part is strong compared with both sides, therefore the angle of sand-protecting barrier and axis will be no more than 100 ° slightly larger than 90 °, can make the wind in the middle part of sand dune
Slightly the effect of sand-protecting barrier abatement wind speed, fixed husky table is effectively improved along going out to both sides.
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the spacing of sand-protecting barrier includes：It is adjacent on gentle sand ground of the gradient less than 4 °
The spacing of two sand-protecting barriers is 15-20 times of the overground part height of sand-protecting barrier；In the uneven sand dune slope surface of topography, according to formula
D=H × ctg α carry out the setting of sand-protecting barrier, and wherein D is the distance between sand-protecting barrier, and H is the overground part height of sand-protecting barrier, and α is Shamian Island slope
Degree.It should be noted that sand-protecting barrier height is big, spacing should be big, and vice versa.The Shamian Island gradient is big, and spacing is answered small；Conversely, Shamian Island slope
Spend small, spacing should be big.The weak place's spacing of wind-force can be big, and when wind-force is strong, spacing will reduce.
Preferably, in preferred embodiments of the present invention, when Sandy Grassland is unidirectionally to play windy and sandy area, the configuration shape of sand-protecting barrier
Formula configures for determinant, and determinant configuration includes：When half moon-shaped sand dune windward slope is arranged, brae is left a blank after one section, in sand
The most upper range line for sand-protecting barrier to be arranged together is marked in mound top by crescent, then in positive in the windward slope of concave surface
Portion is marked the drawing lines of setting sand-protecting barrier by the spacing of sand-protecting barrier from being arranged range line to both ends in middle part to the both wings on sand dune, and makes line
Road is micro- arc-shaped.
Preferably, in preferred embodiments of the present invention, the collocation form of sand-protecting barrier includes the configuration of trellis formula, and the configuration of trellis formula is suitable
It is unstable in wind direction, still there are the stronger husky area of lateral wind or location in addition to main wind；The configuration of trellis formula is poor according to the size of multidirectional wind
Square lattice, rectangle lattice are respectively adopted in different situation；Preferably, square lattice are the grid of 2m × 2m.
By the actual situation that blows, the selection of the collocation form of sand-protecting barrier is carried out, the protective effect of sand-protecting barrier is effectively improved, carries
The efficiency that high Sandy Grassland is administered.
Preferably, in preferred embodiments of the present invention, sand ground after-culture is carried out in late June to late July, sowing can at this time
Ensure the growth period that moisture and temperature condition and seedling growth are enough necessary to germination, while later stage plant is more easy into
It is living.
Sand ground after-culture preferably select to adapt to the Wild Grass of local soil climate condition or cold-resistant, cold-resistant through domesticating and cultivating and
The seed of anti-blown sand carries out mixed seeding.
Preferably, the mode that sand ground after-culture uses is annual seed and perennial seed mixed seeding, legume and grass
Section's plant mixed seeding；It is annual to fix sand ground for fast-growth, suitable growing environment is provided for perennial plant, while pulse family is
Grass family provides nitrogenous fertilizer.
Preferably, annual seed include annual Poa sphondylodes, daghestan sweet clover, green millet, rye grass, sudangrass and
At least one of Forage Green oat；Perennial seed include sheep's hay, fescue grass, perennial Poa sphondylodes, sheep bavin, caragana microphylla,
Lespedeza davurica, wheatgrass, Wheatgrass, Leymus racemosus, couchgrass, siberian wildrye, relies grass, prairie milk vetch, hidden son at Elymus nutans
At least one of grass, Medicago ruthenica and sand sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia)；Pulse family includes sheep bavin, caragana microphylla, Lespedeza davurica, prairie milk vetch, grass
At least one of wooden slippers and Medicago ruthenica；Grass includes sheep's hay, fescue grass, annual Poa sphondylodes, stiff for many years
Matter annual bluegrass, Elymus nutans, wheatgrass, Wheatgrass, Leymus racemosus, couchgrass, siberian wildrye, relies grass, hidden son grass, blueness at rye grass
At least one of millet and Forage Green oat.Prevent Closed fencing from plant population structure in the Sandy Grassland being repaired being caused to present
Simplification trend, while repairing effect is more preferably.
Optionally, in sand ground after-culture, grass is perfused in pulse family Cheng Swastika or the gap of Z-type sowing , Yu Swastika or Z-type.
Wherein, pulse family and ratio gramineous are 1:1.5-4, grass are 1 according to life in 1 year and perennial ratio：1.2-1.5
Ratio mixes, and pulse family is 1.6-1.8 according to perennial and annual ratio：0.6-1.Wherein, pulse family provide nutrient, life in 1 year and
Perennial ratio is best under the conditions of this ratio, i.e., improves the growing environment of perennial plant in First Year, and second year promotes
The growth of perennial plant, Tong Shi Swastika or the effective retain water and nutrients of Z-type, while the availability of nitrogenous fertilizer is best, and meanwhile it is effectively windproof.
Preferably, in the annual gramineae for spreading 10-15cm wide at mouth in the gap of Kao Jin Swastika or Z-type and mixing for annual pulse family
Close seed.
It should be noted that there is the substandard plot of seedling area occupation ratio, should transplant in time or after-culture.
Serious area is endangered in mouse worm, the deinsectization that thoroughly kills mouse should be carried out before after-culture.Preferably, it when sand ground after-culture, adopts
It is broadcasted sowing simultaneously to seed pelleting or by drug and the seed of herbage with the drug for the deinsectization that kills mouse, by the seed of deinsectization and herbage that kills mouse
It broadcasts sowing simultaneously, effectively saves cost, while preventing seed from being eaten.
Specifically, the seed that sand ground after-culture preferably selects quality high, from cleanliness, germination percentage, true value of seeds, other plant seed
Number and moisture judge vegetable seeds quality, with reference to GB6141, GB6142.
Preferably, in preferred embodiments of the present invention, in blowout area, application rate is 4 ± 0.25kg/ mus, preferably
4kg/ mus；Moderate and serious damaged zone, application rate are controlled at 3 ± 0.25kg/ mus, preferably 3kg/ mus.It is big according to seed simultaneously
Depending on small (referring to existing criteria for classification), sand ground broadcasts small-sized seed, and thickness of earth covering 1-2cm broadcasts large seed and answers thickness of earth covering 3-
5cm, mixing grass-seed answer thickness of earth covering 2cm.The grass seed used by the application rate of different zones, thickness of earth covering and after-culture
Size, effectively improve the survival rate of plant after sand ground after-culture, obtain the effect of preferable biological checkboard, improve repairing for Sandy Grassland
Multiple effect, while being herded convenient for the later stage.
Seeding method may be used drilling, bunch planting and/or broadcast sowing.Wherein, drilling is in certain direction and apart from water furrow planting,
Then earthing；Bunch planting is to dig bunch planting kind earthing by the sowing point of design.It broadcasts sowing and seed is uniformly sprinkling upon sandy land surface, with rake handle
The uniform earthing of seed.
Preferably, in preferred embodiments of the present invention, Sandy Grassland is the Sandy Grassland positioned at Inner Mongol meadow steppe area.
The feature and performance of the present invention are described in further detail with reference to embodiments.
Embodiment 1
1. selecting 10 pieces of test plots according to different desertification degree in Wu Lagai directorial areas, amounts to 2000 mu, is shown in Table 1,
In herd family Cao Lei man be 2015 administer, area be 186 mu, remaining sample for 2016 administer, area be 1814 mu.In improvement
Preceding investigation significant area, careless group's height, careless population density, careless group's cover degree and protophyte.Master in area is investigated by local
Primary species are wanted to have sheep's hay (Leymuschinensis (Trin.) Tzvel), lyme grass (ElymusdahuricusTurcz), ice
Careless (Agropyroncristatum (Linn.) Gaertn) etc., also prairie sagewort (ArtemisiafrigidaWilld.Sp.Pl),
Armstrong beans (Pocockiaruthenia (L.) Boiss.) etc..
Sandy Grassland sample ground fundamental state survey before table 1 is not administered
In conjunction with locality erode Sandy Grassland feature, trial zone is divided, mainly have blowout, abrupt slope area, gentle slope area,
Flat region.According to different terrain desertification degree, according to blowout, abrupt slope, gentle slope area, flat region etc., using Closed fencing, embedding
Mechanical sand barrier, biological checkboard, artificial broadcast grass-seed, withered grass are laid with and covering Sand-fixation net technical combinations scheme is shown in Table 2, in each examination
It tests area's setting 1m × 1m and fixes the monitoring that sample prescription carries out aboveground vegetation for a long time.
Table 2 administers Regional mode
2. plant on sand land
(1) Closed fencing
(2) sand-protecting barrier is laid with
Sand-protecting barrier setting direction is vertical with main wind direction, and is arranged in sand dune windward slope.According to gentle less than 4 ° in the gradient
On sand ground, the spacing of sand-protecting barrier is 15-20 times of the overground part height of sand-protecting barrier；In the uneven sand dune slope surface of topography, according to public affairs
Formula D=H × ctg α are configured, and wherein D is the distance between sand-protecting barrier, and H is the overground part height of sand-protecting barrier, and α is that the Shamian Island gradient is set
After setting spacing, sand-protecting barrier material is done with reed, straw screen or mat and yellow wicker, reed is cut into 60cm long, and diameter 5cm is thick in blowout area
Reed section, the embedment undergrounds 30cm are for fixing sand ground, and for ground 30cm for windproof, the network for making 2m × 2m is layed in sand
The serious wind erosion region in ground center, and withered grass is laid in sand-protecting barrier.It is laid in above sand ground with reed screen and straw screen or mat in gentle slope area,
Reed screen is fixed on sand ground with bamboo stick, plays windbreak function.In abrupt slope region, reed screen, straw screen or mat and withered grass are laid on sand ground
Side, encounters steeper wind-force large area, covers one layer of Sand-fixation net again on withered grass, Sand-fixation net is fixed on sand ground with bamboo stick.
(3) seed configures
The annual and perennial seed mixed seeding of seed selection, the scheme of pulse family and grass family mixed seeding, as shown in table 3.1 year
Raw is that fast-growth fixes sand ground, and suitable growing environment is provided for perennial plant.
3 seed configuring condition of table
(4) seed is planted
With annual herb in the network of 2m × 2m, cross drilling is carried out, for fixing the dust storm in sand-protecting barrier.Its
Its seed is proportionally mixed and is broadcasted sowing, and seed is uniformly sprinkling upon sandy land surface, with rake the uniform earthing of seed, application rate
It is 3-4kg/ mus.Serious area is endangered for mouse worm, the deinsectization that thoroughly kills mouse should be carried out before after-culture, with drug to seed pelleting
Or drug is broadcasted sowing simultaneously with grass seed.It is noted that there is the substandard plot of seedling area occupation ratio, should transplant in time or
After-culture.
3. monitoring to sample
Community Survey is carried out to test plot in 5-8 months in 2016 and 2017, the fixation sample prescription of 1m × 1m is set,
Blowout is fixed in sample prescription, and careless group's height, careless population density and careless group's cover degree are monitored, then randomly selects the sample circle of 3 diameter 25cm
The height and density of grass family and legume are investigated in investigation.Data processing is carried out using Spss softwares.
Wherein, horse-hair mountain coupling relationship is as shown in Figure 1, front and back comparison diagram is administered on horse-hair mountain mountain bottom, mountain top and hill-side
As in Figure 2-4.As seen from Figure 1, by improvement in 1 year 2016, horse-hair mountain vegetation average height increases from 2.2cm
To 22cm, increase by 9 times, vegetation height in 2016 and 2017 is significantly higher than (P in 2015<0.05), averag density is by 2.5 plants/m2
Increase to 137 plants/m2, increase by 53 times, density in 2017 is significantly higher than (P in 2015 and 2016<0.05), average cover degree is by original
3.7 increase to 36.15, cover degree increases by 8.8 times, 2016 and 2017 density and is significantly higher than (P in 2015<0.05).
The variation of Chinese herbaceous peony sand grassland is as shown in Figure 5.As seen from Figure 5, by improvement in 1 year 2016, Chinese herbaceous peony sand ground
Vegetation average height increases to 33cm from 4.9cm, increases by 5.7 times, is significantly higher than within 2016 (P in 2015 and 2017<0.05).It is flat
Equal density is by 17 plants/m2Increase to 89 plants/m2, increase by 4.2 times, be significantly higher than within 2016 and 2017 (P in 2015<0.05).It is average
Cover degree increases to 39 by original 5.5, and cover degree increases by 6.1 times, is significantly higher than within 2016 2015 and (P in 2017<0.05).
The composition variation of Chinese herbaceous peony sand grassland density is analyzed, as shown in Figure 6.As seen from Figure 6, the sand ground after improvement
Vegetation, mostly annual pionner, green bristlegrass and worm-eaten account for larger proportion, and annual vegetation proportion is 75%, more
The pulse family of year life and grass family vegetation can only account for the 25% of vegetation.And by improvement in 1 year, annual vegetation proportion
It is 19%, perennial pulse family and grass family vegetation account for the 81% of vegetation.
It breathes out field five and connects coupling relationship as shown in fig. 7, breathing out comparison such as Fig. 8 and Figure 10 institutes before and after the company of field five plant on sand land
Show.As seen from Figure 7, by improvement in 1 year 2016, breathe out the company of field five vegetation average height increases to 17cm from 7.9cm,
Increase by 1.2 times, is significantly higher than within 2016 and 2017 (P in 2015<0.05).Averag density is by 15 plants/m2Increase to 37 plants/m2, increase
It is 1.5 times long, it is significantly higher than within 2016 (P in 2015 and 2017<0.05).Average cover degree increases to 29 by original 10, and cover degree increases
It is 1.9 times long, it is significantly higher than within 2016 (P in 2015 and 2017<0.05).
Analysis breathes out field five and connects the composition variation of vegetation density, as shown in Figure 9.As seen from Figure 9, field five is breathed out even by administering
Sand grassland afterwards, mostly annual pionner, green bristlegrass and worm-eaten account for larger proportion, and annual vegetation proportion is
71%, perennial pulse family and grass family vegetation account for the 29% of vegetation.And by improvement in 1 year, annual vegetation institute accounting
Example is 42%, and perennial pulse family and grass family vegetation account for the 58% of vegetation.
It herds the family grasslands Cao Lei and administers sand grassland variation as shown in Figure 10.As seen from Figure 10, by 2015-2017
The improvement of Nian Sannian, vegetation average height increase to 21cm from 5.7cm, increase by 2.7 times, 2015,2016 and 2017 significantly
Higher than 2014 (P<0.05).Averag density is by 6.7 plants/m2Increase to 100 plants/m2, increase by 13.9 times, 2016 and 2017
It is significantly higher than (P in 2014 and 2015<0.05).Average cover degree increases to 25.3 by original 2, and cover degree increases by 11.7 times, and 2015,
It is significantly higher than (P in 2014 within 2016 and 2017<0.05).
Herd the family grasslands Cao Lei and administer the vegetation composition variations of sand ground different zones as shown in Figure 11, Figure 12, by Figure 11 and
Figure 12 can be seen that the improvement by 3 years, blowout area, and prairie milk vetch occupies absolute predominance, and accounting reaches 68%, and severe
It desertifies with slight, Medicago ruthenica and lyme grass occupy absolute predominance, and accounting reaches 40%.
It can to sum up obtain, Sandy Grassland reparation be carried out using method provided by the invention, the height of vegetation averagely increases after improvement
131.54%, the cover degree of vegetation is averaged amplification 159.22%, and the density of vegetation is averaged amplification 225.45%, and regulation effect is very
Significantly.
All sand grounds are after improvement simultaneously, mostly annual pionner, and green bristlegrass and worm-eaten account for larger proportion, and one
Year raw vegetation proportion average out to 65%, perennial pulse family and grass family vegetation account for the 35% of vegetation.And pass through 2 years
The improvement in year, annual vegetation proportion are 40%, and perennial pulse family and grass family vegetation account for the 60% of vegetation.
Embodiment 2
Choose horse-hair mountain 10 mu of untreated test plots nearby, with embodiment 1 only difference is that：Sand ground after-culture
In, pulse family Cheng Swastika types setting, grass is 1 according to life in 1 year and perennial ratio：1.3 ratio mixing, pulse family according to
Perennial and annual ratio is 1.7：1, in the gap for broadcasting sowing Yu Swastika types, wherein pulse family compares 1 with gramineous:2.5.
After 2016 administer 1 year, the results showed that density in 2017 is significantly higher than (P in 2015 and 2016<0.05) it, puts down
Equal cover degree is increased to 37.33,2016 by original 3.7 and density in 2017 is significantly higher than (P in 2015<0.05), meanwhile, with
Embodiment 1 compares, and the therapeutic effect of the offer of the present embodiment is more preferably.
To sum up, Sandy Grassland restorative procedure provided in an embodiment of the present invention, it is with strong points, while by Closed fencing, setting
Sand-protecting barrier and sand ground after-culture and taboo the conditions such as cradle and combine, and effectively improve regulation effect.
Embodiments described above is a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.The reality of the present invention
The detailed description for applying example is not intended to limit the range of claimed invention, but is merely representative of the selected implementation of the present invention
Example.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained without creative efforts
Every other embodiment, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Sandy Grassland restorative procedure, which is characterized in that it includes：
In Sandy Grassland edge carry out Closed fencing after, in the Sandy Grassland in fence be located at sand dune windward slope and with main wind side
The sand-protecting barrier for being 25%-50% to vertical position setting porosity, set up after the sand-protecting barrier the windproof area of the sand-protecting barrier into
Row sand ground after-culture is prohibited and is cradled at least 3 years after the sand ground after-culture, at least 5 years closures against grazing after the sand ground after-culture；
Wherein, on gentle sand ground of the gradient less than 4 °, the spacing of adjacent two sand-protecting barriers is the ground of the sand-protecting barrier
15-20 times of portion's height；In the uneven sand dune slope surface of topography, setting for the sand-protecting barrier is carried out according to formula D=H × ctg α
It sets, wherein D is the distance between described sand-protecting barrier, and H is the overground part height of the sand-protecting barrier, and α is the Shamian Island gradient；
Sand-protecting barrier includes at least one of flush system sand-protecting barrier, vertical type sand-protecting barrier and biological checkboard, when sand-protecting barrier is vertical type sand-protecting barrier
When, the sand-protecting barrier is embedded in the Sandy Grassland, the overground part height of the sand-protecting barrier is 30-100cm, preferably 30-40cm,
And the overground part height of the sand-protecting barrier is identical as the underground part depth of the sand-protecting barrier.
2. Sandy Grassland restorative procedure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that when the Sandy Grassland is unidirectionally to blow
When sand ground area, the collocation form of the sand-protecting barrier configures for determinant, and the determinant configuration includes：Half moon-shaped sand dune windward
When slope is arranged, brae is left a blank after one section, the sand dune top by it is crescent mark together for be arranged the sand-protecting barrier most
Range line, then at the positive middle part of windward slope in concave surface, from being arranged range line to both ends in the middle part, by the sand-protecting barrier
Spacing the drawing lines that the sand-protecting barrier is set is marked to the both wings on the sand dune, and keep the drawing lines micro- arc-shaped.
3. Sandy Grassland restorative procedure according to claim 2, which is characterized in that when the Sandy Grassland is that wind direction is unstable
Fixed, when still having the stronger husky area of lateral wind or location in addition to main wind, the collocation form of the sand-protecting barrier configures for trellis formula, the lattice
The configuration of shape formula is using square lattice and/or rectangle lattice；
Preferably, the grid that the square lattice are 2m × 2m.
4. Sandy Grassland restorative procedure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that before sand-protecting barrier is arranged further include smooth institute
The Sandy Grassland in fence is stated, the sand ground includes blowout region and abrupt slope area；
When the Sandy Grassland is the blowout region and the abrupt slope area, smooth includes so that the blowout region
Deflation plane and earth's surface angle<30 °, deflation plane and the earth's surface angle in the abrupt slope area<30°.
5. Sandy Grassland restorative procedure according to claim 4, which is characterized in that when the deflation plane in the blowout region
With earth's surface angle>At 45 °, usage mining machine carries out earthwork, deflation plane and earth's surface angle<At 45 °, carried out using loading machine
Earthwork；When working area is more than 10 mu and deflation plane and earth's surface angle>45 °, usage mining machine and loading machine coordinate into
Row earthwork.
6. Sandy Grassland restorative procedure according to claim 4, which is characterized in that when the Sandy Grassland is that topography is relatively flat
Smooth, when the region of soil compaction caused by wind erosion, smooth includes carrying out operation of loosening the soil along contour, wherein being ploughed during loosening the soil
Depth 10-15cm rakes after turning over；
Preferably, operation of loosening the soil is carried out before rainy season arrives.
7. Sandy Grassland restorative procedure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the sand ground after-culture is in late June to 7
The last ten-days period moon carry out.
8. Sandy Grassland restorative procedure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the sand ground after-culture uses annual kind
Sub and perennial seed mixed seeding and legume and grass mixed seeding.
9. Sandy Grassland restorative procedure according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the annual seed includes annual
At least one of Poa sphondylodes, daghestan sweet clover, green millet, rye grass, sudangrass and Forage Green oat；
The perennial seed include sheep's hay, fescue grass, perennial Poa sphondylodes, sheep bavin, caragana microphylla, Da Wulihu
Son, Elymus nutans, wheatgrass, Wheatgrass, Leymus racemosus, couchgrass, siberian wildrye, rely grass, prairie milk vetch, hidden son be careless, Medicago ruthenica with
And at least one of sand sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia)；
The pulse family include in sheep bavin, caragana microphylla, Lespedeza davurica, prairie milk vetch, daghestan sweet clover and Medicago ruthenica at least
It is a kind of；
The grass includes sheep's hay, fescue grass, annual Poa sphondylodes, perennial Poa sphondylodes, rye grass, hang down fringe
Lyme grass, Wheatgrass, Leymus racemosus, couchgrass, siberian wildrye, relies in grass, hidden son grass, green millet and Forage Green oat extremely wheatgrass
Few one kind.
10. Sandy Grassland restorative procedure according to claim 9, which is characterized in that when the sand ground after-culture, using killing mouse
The drug of deinsectization broadcasts sowing simultaneously to seed pelleting or by the drug and the seed.
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| CN109924072A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-06-25 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | A kind of method of Alpine-arctic Pastoral sandy land planting forage grass |
| CN110097272A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-08-06 | 大连民族大学 | A kind of method that quick determining Aneurolepidium Chinense Meadow grassland cradles the height for the stubble left |
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| CN110178654A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-08-30 | 河南大学 | Sandy Grassland directional transformation and Productivity restoration matching method |
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| CN109924072A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-06-25 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | A kind of method of Alpine-arctic Pastoral sandy land planting forage grass |
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| CN113179866A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-07-30 | 青海大学 | Grassland desertification control method based on interface |
| CN114375628A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-04-22 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境（集团）股份有限公司 | Method for restoring land withdrawn from desert grassland |
| CN114651549A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-06-24 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境（集团）股份有限公司 | Construction method for treating saline-alkali spots |
| CN114651549B (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2023-11-14 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境（集团）股份有限公司 | Construction method for treating saline-alkali spots |
| CN115136855A (en) * | 2022-06-23 | 2022-10-04 | 内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院 | Efficient recovery method by artificial induction of agriophyllum squarrosum |
| CN114946586A (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2022-08-30 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Culture medium for grassland restoration and grassland restoration method |
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