CN108611315B - 诱导人胚胎干细胞定向分化为肝样组织的培养基及诱导方法和应用 - Google Patents

诱导人胚胎干细胞定向分化为肝样组织的培养基及诱导方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN108611315B
CN108611315B CN201810211144.XA CN201810211144A CN108611315B CN 108611315 B CN108611315 B CN 108611315B CN 201810211144 A CN201810211144 A CN 201810211144A CN 108611315 B CN108611315 B CN 108611315B
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徐安龙
吴芬芳
吴迪
任勇
陈尚武
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Tangyi Holdings Shenzhen Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于培养干细胞技术领域,公开了一种体外诱导人胚胎干细胞定向分化为肝样组织的专用培养基及诱导方法和应用。所述专用培养基包括依次使用的分化培养基I,分化培养基II,分化培养基III,分化培养基IV和分化培养基Ⅴ。本发明还公开了该分化培养基在体外诱导人胚胎干细胞定向分化为肝样组织的应用及其具体方法,利用所述培养基和方法可培养得到肝样组织,改变了现有单一胚层的诱导分化方案,实现多胚层的分化,进而分化成组织类器官,而非单一细胞。本发明制备得到的肝样组织,具有潜在的临床应用价值,可为药物筛选及肝脏发育等领域提供一个理想的研究平台。

Description

诱导人胚胎干细胞定向分化为肝样组织的培养基及诱导方法 和应用
技术领域
本发明属于培养干细胞技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种诱导人胚胎干细胞定向分化为肝样组织的培养基及诱导方法和应用。
背景技术
目前,对于肝功能衰竭(如肝坏死、肝硬化等)和肝脏相关的遗传性疾病的临床治疗尚无特效疗法和技术手段。原位肝移植是公认的治疗晚期肝病的有效治疗方法。但是,供体肝来源严重不足和移植排斥等问题限制了这一治疗手段的广泛开展。因此,干细胞技术的兴起及其应用有望成为解决晚期肝衰的最有潜力的方法之一。
多能干细胞,包括胚胎干细胞(Embryonicstemcells,ESCs)和诱导多潜能干细胞(inducedPluripotentStemcells,iPSc),具有无限增殖能力,在合适的诱导条件下,可以分化为三胚层来源的功能细胞。随着干细胞研究特别是分化机制研究的不断深入,最近5年,干细胞生物学领域的重要进展是类组织和类器官培养。目前世界各地的科学家和研究者们陆续获得了类似肠、肝、肾、胰腺、前列腺、肺、胃等的3D组织。这些组织被称为类器官,虽然它们不是真实的人体器官,但也都具备模拟真实器官的部分结构和功能。
2013年,Takebe将干细胞诱导成为肝脏前体细胞,再将这些肝脏前体细胞与内皮细胞、间充质干细胞共同培养,成功获得了肝芽(liverbuds)结构。但是,这种诱导得到的肝芽不具有肝内胆管,且不是来自于同一种细胞,培养也较复杂。
公开号为CN1884494A、CN101497872A、CN101962630A和CN105385651A的专利均公开了诱导人胚胎干细胞定向分化为肝细胞的方法和/或专用培养基,但都是单一胚层的诱导分化方案,只能得到单一的肝细胞,无法进一步分化成组织类器官,在医学应用上仍存在较大的局限性。
发明内容
本发明为了解决上述现有技术的缺陷和不足,提供一种诱导人胚胎干细胞定向分化为肝样组织的培养基,改变了现有单一胚层的诱导分化方案,实现多胚层的分化,进而分化成组织类器官,而非单一细胞。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种诱导人胚胎干细胞定向分化为肝样组织的培养方法。
本发明的上述目的是通过以下技术方案给予实现的:
用于诱导人胚胎干细胞定向分化为肝样组织的专用培养基,包括依次使用的以下五种培养基:
分化培养基I:在RPMI 1640培养基的基础上添加5%~25% MTeSR™1,20~100ng/mL活化素A,5~50ng/mL骨形态发生蛋白4,1~5% 无胰岛素B27;
分化培养基II:在RPIM1640培养基的基础上添加5%~25% MTeSR™1,20~100ng/mL活化素A,1~5%无胰岛素B27;
分化培养基III:在RPIM1640培养基的基础上添加5%~25%% MTeSR™1,5~50ng/mL骨形态发生蛋白-2,10~100ng/mL人成纤维细胞生长因子-4,1~5% B27;
分化培养基IV:是在RPIM1640培养基的基础上添加了5%~25% MTeSR™1,10~50ng/mL肝细胞生长因子,10~50ng/mL角化细胞生长因子,1~5%B27,5~20%胆固醇或含胆固醇为主小分子混合物MIX;
分化培养基V:是在高糖DMEM培养基的基础上添加0.05~0.2%抗坏血酸,0.5~5%BSA-FAF,0.05~0.2%转铁蛋白,0.05~0.2%胰岛素,0.05~0.2% GA-1000,5~20ng/mL制瘤素,5~20%胆固醇或含胆固醇为主小分子混合物MIX。
MTeSR™1在本发明中的主要作用是打破单一胚层的诱导,实现多胚层细胞的分化,为类器官的形成提供可能。更重要的是,本发明在诱导人胚胎干细胞定向分化为肝样组织的专用培养基的分化培养基IV和分化培养基V中添加了中药小分子混合物MIX,所述MIX的主要作用是维持肝-胆的持续发育成熟,若不添加在诱导分化成熟早期形成的肝-胆类器官会很快死亡,无法形成组织类器官。所述高糖DMEM为成熟肝细胞和胆管细胞提供物质能量;所述GA-1000为30 µg/ml Gentamicin和15 ng/ml AmphotericinG的混合物,用于肝分化,
优选地,所述专用培养基包括依次使用的以下五种培养基:
分化培养基I(定向内胚层分化培养基A):是在RPIM1640培养基的基础上添加了25% MTeSR™1,100ng/mL活化素A(ActivinA),10ng/mL骨形态发生蛋白4(BMP4),2% B27(-insulin);
分化培养基II(定向内胚层分化培养基B):是在RPIM1640培养基的基础上添加了25% MTeSR™1,100ng/mL活化素A(ActivinA),2% B27(-insulin);
分化培养基III(肝定向分化培养基):是在RPIM1640培养基的基础上添加了25%MTeSR™1,20ng/mL骨形态发生蛋白-2(BMP2),30ng/mL人成纤维细胞生长因子-4(FGF4),2%B27;
分化培养基IV(肝祖增殖培养基):是在RPIM1640培养基的基础上添加了25%MTeSR™1,20ng/mL肝细胞生长因子(HGF),20ng/mL角化细胞生长因子(KGF),2% B27,10%胆固醇或含胆固醇为主小分子混合物MIX;
分化培养基V(肝组织诱导分化培养基):是在高糖DMEM培养基的基础上添加了,0.1%抗坏血酸AscobicAcid,2% BSA-FAF,0.1%转铁蛋白(Trasferin),0.1%胰岛素(insulin),0.1% GA-1000,10ng/mL制瘤素(OSM),10%胆固醇或含胆固醇为主小分子混合物MIX。
优选地,上述分化培养基I~V的pH均可为培养哺乳动物细胞的常规pH,pH7.2~7.6。
本发明还请求保护上述专用培养基在诱导胚胎干细胞定向分化为肝样组织中的应用。
一种诱导人胚胎干细胞定向分化为肝样组织的培养方法,其特征在于,将人胚胎干细胞在上述分化培养基I~V上依次培养,包括如下步骤:
S1.将人胚胎干细胞在分化培养基I上培养;
S2.将S1获得的细胞在分化培养基II上培养,分化形成定向内胚层细胞;
S3.将S2获得的细胞在分化培养基III上培养;
S4将S3获得的细胞在分化培养基IV上培养,分化形成肝祖细胞;
S5.将S4获得的细胞在分化培养基V上培养,分化得到肝样组织。
本发明获得的肝样组织中的肝实质细胞可表达白蛋白(ALB);肝实质细胞具有正常肝实质细胞的分泌白蛋白、尿素等功能;胆管由表达CK19的胆管上皮细胞组成。
优选地,步骤S1所述人胚胎干细胞在肝样组织诱导培养基I上培养2天。
优选地,步骤S1获得的细胞在肝样组织诱导培养基II上培养2天。
优选地,步骤S2获得的细胞在肝样组织诱导培养基III上培养5天。
优选地,步骤S3获得的细胞在肝样组织诱导培养基IV上培养5天。
优选地,步骤S4获得的细胞在肝样组织诱导培养基V上培养21天。
优选地,上述细胞培养条件均为37℃,5%CO2
优选地,上述人胚胎干细胞为可从商业途径获得的人胚胎干细胞系H1。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明公开了一种体外诱导人胚胎干细胞定向分化为肝样组织的专用培养基,所述培养基包括依次使用的分化培养基I,分化培养基II,分化培养基III,分化培养基IV和分化培养基V,本发明利用上述分化培养基成功在体外诱导人胚胎干细胞定向分化为肝样组织,改变了现有单一胚层的诱导分化方案,实现多胚层的分化,进而分化成组织类器官,而非单一细胞。本发明制备得到的肝样组织,具有潜在的临床应用价值,也可为药物筛选及肝脏发育等领域提供一个理想的研究平台。
附图说明
图1为人胚胎干细胞(hES)分化四天后的定向内胚层细胞。
图2为分化四天后的定向内胚层细胞的免疫荧光检测结果;A和B分别为定向内胚层细胞特异性蛋白FOXA2,SOX17的免疫荧光检测结果。
图3为人胚胎干细胞(hES)分化14天后的肝祖细胞。
图4为分化14天后的肝祖细胞的免疫荧光检测结果;A和B分别为肝祖细胞特异性蛋白AFP,HNF4α的免疫荧光检测结果。
具体实施方式
以下结合说明书附图和具体实施例来进一步说明本发明,但实施例并不对本发明做任何形式的限定。除非特别说明,本发明采用的试剂、方法和设备为本技术领域常规试剂、方法和设备。
所述百分比浓度均为体积/体积(V/V)百分比浓度。
下述实施例中如无特殊说明所用方法均为常规方法,所用试剂除MIX外均可从商业途径获得;
其中,MTeSR™1(StemCell公司,05851),RPMI1640(Gibco公司,C1187500BT),DMEM高糖(Gibco公司,C11965500BT),人活化素-A(ActivinA,Peprotech公司,120-14E),骨形态发生蛋-4(BMP4,120-05ET),B27supplement(Gibco公司,0080085-SA),B27minusinsulin(Gibco公司,A1895601),肝细胞生长因子(HGF,Peprotech公司,100-39),人成纤维细胞生长因子-4(FGF4,Peprotech公司,100-31),人骨成型蛋白-2(BMP2,Peprotech,120-02),角化细胞生长因子(KGF,Peprotech公司,100-19),人成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF,Peprotech公司,100-18B),制瘤素(OSM,Peprotech公司,300-10),HCM Single QuotKit(Lonza公司,CC-4182)。
实施例1 体外诱导人胚胎干细胞定向分化为肝样组织的培养基
用于诱导人胚胎干细胞定向分化为肝样组织的培养基,包括依次使用的以下五种培养基:
(1)分化培养基I,即定向内胚层分化培养基A:是在RPIM1640培养基的基础上添加了25%MTeSR™1,100ng/mL活化素A(ActivinA),10ng/mL骨形态发生蛋白4(BMP4),2% B27(-insulin);
(2)分化培养基II,即定向内胚层分化培养基B:是在RPIM1640培养基的基础上添加了25%MTeSR™1,100ng/mL活化素A(ActivinA),2%B27(-insulin);
(3)分化培养基III,即肝定向分化培养基:是在RPIM1640培养基的基础上添加了25%MTeSR™1,20ng/mL骨形态发生蛋白-2(BMP2),30ng/mL人成纤维细胞生长因子-4(FGF4),2% 无胰岛素B27(-insulin);
(4)分化培养基IV,即肝祖增殖培养基:是在RPIM1640培养基的基础上添加了25%MTeSR™1,20ng/mL肝细胞生长因子HGF,20ng/mL角化细胞生长因子KGF,2%B27,10%胆固醇或含胆固醇为主小分子混合物MIX;
(5)分化培养基V,即肝样组织诱导分化培养基:是在高糖DMEM培养基的基础上添加了,0.1%抗坏血酸(Ascobic Acid),2%BSA-FAF,0.1%转铁蛋白(Trasferin),0.1%胰岛素insulin0.1%GA-1000,10ng/mL制瘤素OSM,10%胆固醇或含胆固醇为主小分子混合物MIX。
实施例2体外诱导人胚胎干细胞定向分化为肝样组织
用本发明的方法体外诱导人胚胎干细胞(humanembryonicstemcells,hEScells)定向分化为肝样组织,具体过程包括以下步骤:
一、定向内胚层细胞的获得
第1~2天:
(1)人胚胎干细胞H1传代后2~3天开始诱导,选择生长状态好的细胞进行分化实验;
(2)弃去人胚胎干细胞培养基(MTeSR™1),用DMEM/F12洗2遍;
(3)换上分化培养基I(内胚层诱导培养基A),在37℃、5%CO2条件下培养两天。
第3~4天:
(4)弃去昨天的培养基,换上分化培养基II(内胚层诱导培养基B),培养两天,得到内胚层细胞。
在光学显微镜下观察,人胚胎干细胞(hES)分化4天后形成定向内胚层细胞,如图1所示。
(5)免疫荧光(Immunofluorescence)验证
用免疫荧光(Immunofluorescence)的方法进行验证,方法为:先用4%多聚甲醛固定分化第四天的定向内胚层细胞半小时,然后用0.1%的TritonX-100破膜30分钟,用BSA封闭,添加一抗,一抗为SOX17和FOXA2(购自R&D公司),4℃过夜,用PBS洗涤3次,每次5分钟,再加入二抗,室温孵育1.5h,二抗为驴抗鼠IgG488(购自life公司),用PBS洗涤3次,每次5分钟,用DAPI衬染细胞核。免疫荧光检测结果见图2所示(488表达绿色荧光(即该标志阳性)的细胞,DAPI表示细胞核)。经分化培养基Ⅰ和II(定向内胚层分化培养基)作用4天后的定向内胚层细胞标志SOX17,FOXA2获得表达,证明用本发明的诱导方法已将人胚胎干细胞分化为定向内胚层细胞。
二、肝祖细胞的获得
第5~9天每天重复如下步骤:
(1)弃去昨天的培养基,换上诱导分化培养基III。
第10~14天每天重复如下步骤:
(2)弃去昨天的培养基,换上诱导分化培养基IV。
分化第14天,显微镜观察结果如图3所示,细胞形态变为多边形。
(3)免疫荧光(Immunofluorescence)验证
用与步骤一相同的免疫荧光检测方法对步骤(2)经肝祖诱导分化的肝祖细胞中表达的标志蛋白AFP和HNF4α进行鉴定,所用一抗分别为AFP和HNF4Α检测抗体(购自R&D公司),二抗为驴抗鼠IgG488和驴抗羊IgG568(购自life公司),检测结果如图4所示(488表示表达绿色荧光,即AFP阳性,568表示表达红色荧光,即HNF4α阳性)的细胞,DAPI表示细胞核)。用本发明的方法诱导后的人胚胎干细胞可表达肝祖细胞标志蛋白AFP和HNF4α,从而从蛋白水平证实用本发明的方法可将人胚胎干细胞高效定向诱导分化为肝祖细胞。
三、肝样组织的获得
第15~35天每天重复如下步骤:
(1)弃去昨天的培养基,换上诱导分化培养基V。分化到第35天时,分化得到了肝样组织,包括排列紧密的肝实质细胞和散布在肝实质细胞中的胆管样结构。
(2)免疫荧光(Immunofluorescence)验证
用与步骤一相同的免疫荧光检测方法对步骤1)经肝样组织诱导分化的肝样组织进行验证。分别对肝实质细胞和胆管细胞的各自的标志蛋白ALB和CK19进行鉴定,所用一抗分别为ALB和CK19检测抗体(购自R&D公司),二抗为驴抗鼠IgG488和驴抗羊IgG568(购自life公司),检测结果(488表示表达绿色荧光,即ALB阳性,568表示表达红色荧光,即CK19阳性,DAPI表示细胞核)。用本发明的方法诱导得到的肝样组织中的肝实质细胞可表达标志蛋白ALB,胆管细胞可表达CK19,证实用本发明的方法可有效将人胚胎干细胞定向诱导分化为包含肝实质细胞和胆管结构的肝样组织。

Claims (7)

1.用于诱导人胚胎干细胞定向分化为肝样组织的培养基,其特征在于,包括依次使用的以下五种培养基:
用于定性内胚层分化的分化培养基I:在RPMI1640培养基的基础上添加5%~25%MTeSR™1,20~100ng/mL活化素A,5~50ng/mL骨形态发生蛋白4,1~5%无胰岛素B27;
用于定性内胚层分化的分化培养基II:在RPIM1640培养基的基础上添加5%~25%MTeSR™1,20~100ng/mL活化素A,1~5%无胰岛素B27;
用于肝定向分化的分化培养基III:在RPIM1640培养基的基础上添加5%~25%MTeSR™1,5~50ng/mL骨形态发生蛋白-2,10~100ng/mL人成纤维细胞生长因子-4,1~5%B27;
用于肝祖增殖的分化培养基IV:是在RPIM1640培养基的基础上添加了5%~25%MTeSR™1,10~50ng/mL肝细胞生长因子,10~50ng/mL角化细胞生长因子,1~5%B27,5~20%胆固醇;
用于肝样组织诱导分化的分化培养基V:是在高糖DMEM培养基的基础上添加0.05~0.2%抗坏血酸,0.5~5%BSA-FAF,0.05~0.2%转铁蛋白,0.05~0.2%胰岛素,0.05~0.2%GA-1000,5~20ng/mL制瘤素,5~20%胆固醇。
2.根据权利要求1所述的培养基,其特征在于,包括依次使用的以下五种培养基:分化培养基I:在RPIM1640培养基的基础上添加25%MTeSR™1,100ng/mL活化素A,10ng/mL骨形态发生蛋白4,2%B27;分化培养基II:在RPIM1640培养基的基础上添加25%MTeSR™1,100ng/mL活化素A,2%B27;分化培养基III:在RPIM1640培养基的基础上添加25%MTeSR™1,20ng/mL骨形态发生蛋白-2,30ng/mL人成纤维细胞生长因子-4,2%B27;分化培养基IV:是在RPIM1640培养基的基础上添加了25%MTeSR™1,20ng/mL肝细胞生长因子,20ng/mL角化细胞生长因子,2%B27,10%胆固醇;分化培养基V:是在高糖DMEM培养基的基础上添加0.1%抗坏血酸,2%BSA-FAF,0.1%转铁蛋白,0.1%胰岛素,0.1%GA-1000,10ng/mL制瘤素,10%胆固醇。
3.根据权利要求1所述的培养基,其特征在于,分化培养基I~V的pH均为7.2~7.6。
4.权利要求1~3任一项所述的培养基在诱导胚胎干细胞定向分化为肝样组织中的应用。
5.一种诱导人胚胎干细胞定向分化为肝样组织的培养方法,其特征在于,将人胚胎干细胞在权利要求1~3任一项所述的分化培养基I~V上依次培养,包括如下步骤:
S1.将人胚胎干细胞在分化培养基I上培养;
S2.将S1获得的细胞在分化培养基II上培养,分化形成定向内胚层细胞;
S3.将S2获得的细胞在分化培养基III上培养;
S4.将S3获得的细胞在分化培养基IV上培养,分化形成肝祖细胞;
S5.将S4获得的细胞在分化培养基V上培养,分化得到肝样组织。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤S1所述人胚胎干细胞在肝样组织诱导培养基I上培养2天;步骤S1获得的细胞在肝样组织诱导培养基II上培养2天;步骤S2获得的细胞在肝样组织诱导培养基III上培养5天;步骤S3获得的细胞在肝样组织诱导培养基IV上培养5天;步骤S4获得的细胞在肝样组织诱导培养基V上培养21天。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的方法,其特征在于:所述人胚胎干细胞为从商业途径获得的人胚胎干细胞系H1。
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