CN108611109A - Three-section type heating device and charcoal preparation system and preparation method - Google Patents
Three-section type heating device and charcoal preparation system and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108611109A CN108611109A CN201810343070.5A CN201810343070A CN108611109A CN 108611109 A CN108611109 A CN 108611109A CN 201810343070 A CN201810343070 A CN 201810343070A CN 108611109 A CN108611109 A CN 108611109A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/75—Multi-step processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
- B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/02—Multi-step carbonising or coking processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
- B01J2220/4812—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being of organic character
- B01J2220/4825—Polysaccharides or cellulose materials, e.g. starch, chitin, sawdust, wood, straw, cotton
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Three-section type heating device and charcoal preparation system and preparation method, Three-section type heating device includes heating furnace and the reducing reactor in stove；Charcoal preparation system includes Three-section type heating device, which connects feeder, and discharge end is sequentially connected separator and exhaust gas processing device；Preparation method includes that reaction mass is added into Three-section type heating device, it is its supply gas by feeder, it carries out pyrolytic reaction and generates charcoal, bio oil and gas, wherein, bio oil and gas are detached through separator, bio oil is collected acquisition, and gas is discharged after exhaust gas processing device purified treatment.The present invention remarkable advantage be：First, which can improve heat transfer rate and airflow rate；Secondly, charcoal preparation system can accurately prepare the charcoal with more excellent adsorption effect on absorption property, environment friendly and pollution-free；Meanwhile preparation method is simple, easily operated, low energy consumption.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the preparation field of charcoal more particularly to a kind of Three-section type heating devices and charcoal preparation system
And preparation method.
Background technology
In recent years, water body, heavy metal pollution of soil problem are very serious.Cd pollutions in water body are mainly by artificial former
Because what is risen, include the discharge of the industrial waste water containing Cd such as plating, non-ferrous metal metallurgy, alloy manufacture, pigment, Cd-Ni batteries.Due to
Cd is huge to the harm of environment and human body, and the Cd pollutions of soil, deposit, surface water and underground water also increasingly attract attention.
Currently, solving the problems, such as that heavy metal in water and soil is the hot spot of current research.According to statistics, 800,000,000 tons of all kinds of agricultural crop straws are generated every year,
Wherein large about 600,000,000 tons of crops (rice, wheat, corn).Therefore, the agricultural crop straw not utilized is deposited in farmland, no
A large amount of soils are only taken up, waste of resource causes severe environmental pollution, or even directly burned cause serious air environment dirty in the past
Dye.
Pyrolytic technique is solid waste reducing, innoxious and recycling main path, and is studied in recent years
A kind of solid waste of exploitation handles new technology.Biomass pyrolytic can not only obtain regenerative resource and coproduction chemicals (oil
It is gentle), it can also generate a large amount of charcoal.Agricultural straw resource efficiently uses, and can not only save a large amount of fossil fuel,
The discharge of greenhouse gases can be effectively reduced, and it is one that obtained charcoal, which is applied to current serious water and soil heavy metal pollution,
Effective way.Stalk prepare charcoal have a large amount of microcellular structure and huge specific surface area, to metal adsorption ability compared with
By force, migration, conversion and the biomass etc. for influencing crop of heavy metal in the environment can be influenced.Charcoal can adsorb heavy metal
And be fixed in the even gap of its surface, the biological effectiveness of most of heavy metals is significantly reduced, while soil can be improved
Physics, chemistry and biological property, increase soil fertility and crop yield.Have to the Adsorption of heavy metal pollution of water body extremely strong
Effect.Therefore, it is most important to obtain a large amount of high-quality biological carbon materials for optimization biomass preparation facilities and system.
But it is required strictly in terms of technology and operation and control due to being pyrolyzed, and equipment and processing cost are higher, 20
The beginning of the eighties in century just carries out Study on Pyrolysis to agricultural wastes.In recent years, due to global energy crisis, both at home and abroad to heat
The research of solution technology is more deep, wherein just preparing carbonaceous material including the use of pyrolytic technique.But prepared by traditional charcoal
Device and technology of preparing fall behind relatively, have the shortcomings that energy consumption greatly and high pollution, cannot obtain large-scale industrialization application.Most
The preparation facilities of beginning is rotary kiln, device poor air-tightness, charcoal inferior quality, and needs to consume a large amount of thermal energy and gradually washed in a pan
It eliminates.With the further development of device, there is continuity feeding equipment and fixed bed device, but there is no effective for device
Settlement procedure heats and climate control issues, and the practical temperature difference is larger, is unfavorable for fine research and production.If therefore can change
Kind preparation facilities simultaneously applies charcoal technology of preparing well, can not only prepare economic, cheap, easy regeneration and function admirable
Charcoal, among water and soil Heavy Metal Pollution Control, moreover it is possible to promote the application process of Carbon stock, solve agriculture and forestry organic waste material money
Source Utilizing question.
Invention content
Goal of the invention：The first object of the present invention is to provide that a kind of temperature layer is stable, heat transfer is fast and airflow rate is high three
Segmentation heating device；
The second object of the present invention is to provide the system for preparing charcoal using the Three-section type heating device, and the system is not only
High performance charcoal can be more accurately prepared, and environment friendly and pollution-free；
The third object of the present invention is to provide the method for preparing charcoal using above system, and cumbersome work is omitted in this method
Skill, easily operated and low energy consumption, the charcoal prepared is uniform, quality is high.
Technical solution：The Three-section type heating device of the present invention, including heating furnace and the reducing reactor in stove,
In, heating furnace includes three bringing-up sections from top to bottom, and reducing reactor includes upper heating section, lower heating section and the object positioned at centre
Expect conversion zone, and three bringing-up sections of heating furnace are respectively that upper heating section, lower heating section and material reaction section provide heat source；It is described
The diameter of upper heating section is more than the diameter of lower heating section, and material reaction section, which is connected to be formed between heating section and lower heating section, to be become
Diameter section.
The Three-section type heating device that the present invention is constituted using the reducing reactor by heating furnace and in stove, it is anti-in reducing
It answers in device, turbosphere is formed with the flowing of air-flow, and the outer wall of reducing reaction tube connects with heating system, outside wall temperature is higher than change
The internal temperature of diameter reactor, thus temperature layer reducing reactor outer wall to inside with flow perturbation, turbosphere temperature change
It is larger, and reducing reactor center steady air current, temperature change very little, the thus offset of temperature layer, the tube wall of reducing reactor
Layer temperature moves up, and practical material monitoring temperature is relatively low.And the present invention is carried out while being heated, Neng Gouyou using Three-section type heating hot stove
Effect weakens the offset of temperature layer, and temperature layer is made to stablize in material reaction section.Material bed lower end is lower heating section, is added using reducing means
Fast airflow rate reduces heat transmission resistance, accelerates the removing of impurity, to realize the charcoal processing of high-efficiency and precision.Furtherly, this three sections
Formula heating device is used to not only charcoal processing, applies also for the fields such as biomass oil refining, the preparation of catalyst preparation or nano material,
With extensively using value.
Preferably, the diameter of the upper heating section of reducing reactor, lower heating section is than 1.5~2:1, the diameter within the scope of this
Than that can ensure that product crystallization does not block, impurity can enter condenser system with air-flow rapidly, avoid causing bio oil close-burning.
If diameter than excessive, leads to the blocking of lower heating section reactant crystallization and the close-burning of bio oil, and diameter is changed than too small
Gas velocity unobvious, effect then not significantly.
The present invention uses the system that Three-section type heating device prepares charcoal, including Three-section type heating device, feed end
Feeder is connected, discharge end is sequentially connected separator and exhaust gas processing device.
Above system can not only continuous feed, efficiency is high and reduces the discharge of pollutant, and putting of entering of no air
Heat operation, improves efficiency and yield；Secondly, byproduct can be recycled and reduce disposal of pollutants, improve economy, and can pass through
Preparation condition is controlled to improve the characteristic of charcoal, and changes the yield of byproduct；Meanwhile pyrolysis feed is not limited, it is wooden
Can be with herbaceous biomass, and there is good exhaust treatment system, harmless treatment can be reached.
The system of the present invention can effectively control temperature layer by combination Three-section type heating device and oil-liquid separator, and
It solves impurity to be detained, Quick gas-liquid consolidates three phase separation and effectively prevents secondary pollution in combination with exhaust gas processing device.Into one
Step says that the system further includes three temperature control equipments for controlling three bringing-up sections of heating furnace respectively.Separator and three-stage add
Condenser is additionally provided between thermal.Exhaust gas processing device includes the solid sorbent device being connect with separator and liquid absorbent device.
It is additionally provided with volume control device between Three-section type heating device and feeder.
The present invention uses the method that above system prepares charcoal, includes the following steps：Add into Three-section type heating device
Enter reaction mass, is its supply gas by feeder so that reaction mass carries out pyrolytic reaction and generates charcoal, bio oil
And gas, wherein bio oil and gas are detached through separator, and bio oil is collected acquisition, and gas is purified through exhaust gas processing device
It is discharged after processing.
Advantageous effect：Compared with prior art, remarkable advantage of the invention is：First, Three-section type heating device is by reducing
Reactor is combined with three-stage heating furnace, so as to effectively control temperature layer, is solved impurity and is detained, Quick gas-liquid consolidates three-phase separate
From improving heat transfer rate and airflow rate, achieved the effect that clean low energy consumption；Secondly, charcoal preparation system can not only
It is enough accurately to prepare the charcoal with more excellent adsorption effect on absorption property, and combine exhaust gas processing device to discharge
Tail gas is handled, tasteless harmless, environment friendly and pollution-free；Meanwhile can efficiently to prepare carbonaceous equal for method using the present invention
Charcoal even, quality is high, and cumbersome technique is omitted, easily operated, low energy consumption.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the reducing reactor of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the charcoal preparation system schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the surface topography map of rice straw charcoal prepared by the present invention；
Fig. 4 is eliminating rate of absorption result figure of the different material charcoal of the invention prepared under different time；
Fig. 5 is for the different material charcoal of the invention prepared to the absorption figure of Cd ions at different pH.
Specific implementation mode
Technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The Three-section type heating device of the present invention includes heating furnace 1, is internally provided with reducing reactor 2, as shown in Figure 1, should
Reducing reactor 2 is three-stage, respectively is heating section 3, material reaction section 5 and lower heating section 4 from top to bottom, wherein
The diameter of upper heating section 3 is more than the diameter of lower heating section 4, and material reaction section 5 is connected between heating section 3 and lower heating section 4
Reducer is formed, i.e. the diameter of material reaction section 5 is gradually reduced from top to bottom.In practical operation, upper heating section 3 is heated with lower
The diameter ratio of section 4 is 1.5~2:1, rate of heat transfer is so not only accelerated, reduces heat transmission resistance, and temperature can be effectively prevent
It is deviated on, it is ensured that the stabilization of temperature layer reduces temperature and controls error, has higher accuracy.Heating furnace 1 is also three-stage
Heating furnace includes three heating zones from top to bottom, and these three heating zones are a pair of with three section one of reducing reactor 2 respectively
It answers, and respectively three sections of reducing reactor 2 offer heat sources.It is used to support material reaction in addition, can be also equipped in lower heating section 4
Section 5 in reaction mass, prevent its fall quartzy cotton packing.
As shown in Fig. 2, can build the charcoal preparation system of the present invention using above-mentioned Three-section type heating device, it includes
Three-section type heating device, feeder 6 and separator 7, wherein feeder 6 is connected with the feed end of Three-section type heating device,
Separator 7 is connected with the discharge end of Three-section type heating device.Feeder 6 may include CO2Gas cylinder and N2Bottle provides phase for reaction
After answering gas so that the state in no air or a small amount of air in reducing reactor 2.Three-section type heating device passes through respectively
Three temperature control equipments 11 regulate and control the temperature of three sections of heating zones.In Fig. 2, three temperature control equipments 11 are located at three-stage
The both sides of heating device.Volume control device 12 can be also equipped between Three-section type heating device and feeder 6, it can be used for regulating and controlling
Feeder conveys the flow of gas.Also it can be equipped with condenser 8 between separator 7 and Three-section type heating device, pass through condenser pair
Product is condensed, and exhaust gas processing device can also be arranged in the discharge port section of separator 7, it includes solid sorbent device 9 and liquid
Absorber 10, wherein the entrance of solid sorbent device 9 is connected with the outlet of separator 7, and outlet and the liquid of solid sorbent device 9 are inhaled
Receive device 10 entrance be connected, meanwhile, liquid absorbent device 10 can arrange it is multiple, in figure be two, entire exhaust gas processing device energy
Realization handles the tail gas after pyrolytic reaction, reduces the discharge of pollutant, achievees the effect that harmless treatment.
The method that system using the present invention prepares charcoal includes the following steps：
(1) material is added in the feed end of the reducing reactor 2 out of Three-section type heating device, and three temperature controls are respectively started
Device 11 processed carries out temperature control to Three-section type heating device, meanwhile, pass through CO2Gas cylinder and N2Bottle provides gas to reducing reactor 2,
And by adjusting volume control device 12, making isolation air in reducing reactor 2 or containing a small amount of air, form biomass pyrolysis is anti-
Condition should be provided.
(2) after biomass pyrolytic reaction, charcoal is directly acquired from reducing reactor 2, and bio oil and gas pass through cold
After condenser 8 condenses, into separator 7, after being detached by the separator 7, bio oil directly collects acquisition, and gas then enters tail
Flash Gas Compression Skid System carries out tail gas clean-up processing, and wherein gas is introduced into the solid sorbent device 9 in exhaust gas processing device, then successively
It is passed through the liquid absorbent device 10 of several various concentrations, you can achieve the effect that tail gas clean-up.
Wherein, it is preferred that pyrolysis gas flow velocity can be 0.2~5L/min, and pyrolysis temperature can be 400~1000 DEG C, heating
Rate can be 5~25 DEG C/min, and pyrolysis time can be 0.5~3h.After pyrolytic reaction, rate of temperature fall can be 10~20 DEG C/min,
The gas flow rate that cools down can be 0.1~0.2L/min.It is equal can to prepare carbonaceous for system using the present invention and preparation technology parameter
Charcoal even, quality is high, and low energy consumption, it is easily operated.
Embodiment 1
Included the following steps using the method that coconut husk prepares charcoal：
(1) pretreatment of coconut husk：After coconut husk washing is dried, drying to constant weight under the conditions of 80 DEG C of baking oven, then uses
LFP-800 pulverizers are crushed to grain size 5mm~10mm；
(2) coconut husk after crushing is added in the feed end of the reducing reactor 2 out of Three-section type heating device, is respectively started three
A temperature control equipment 11 sets 600 DEG C of pyrolysis temperature, 20 DEG C/min of heating rate, while passing through adjusting gas flow control
Device 12 processed sets pyrolysis gas gas velocity as 0.5L/min, pyrolytic reaction 1h；
(3) it after pyrolytic reaction, adjusts 20 DEG C/min of rate of temperature fall and is down to 300 DEG C, set pyrolysis gas gas velocity as 0.2L/
Min is cooled to room temperature, and the charcoal of generation is directly obtained from reducing reactor 2, and bio oil and gas pass through condenser 8
Enter separator 7 after condensation, after being detached by the separator 7, bio oil directly collects acquisition, and gas then enters vent gas treatment
Device carries out tail gas clean-up processing, and wherein gas is introduced into the solid sorbent device 9 in exhaust gas processing device (built with recycling
Charcoal and existing commercial sorbent material), it is then passed through the H that concentration is respectively 5% successively2O2, 10% HNO3It is molten
The liquid absorbent device 10 of liquid, that is, achieve the effect that tail gas clean-up.
Embodiment 2
Included the following steps using the method that rice straw prepares charcoal：
(1) pretreatment of rice straw：After rice straw washing is dried, drying to constant weight under the conditions of 70 DEG C of baking oven,
Then grain size 5mm~10mm is crushed to using LFP-800 pulverizers；
(2) rice straw after crushing is added in the feed end of the reducing reactor 2 out of Three-section type heating device, opens respectively
Three temperature control equipments 11 are moved, set 600 DEG C of pyrolysis temperature, 15 DEG C/min of heating rate, while passing through adjusting gas stream
Amount control device 12 sets pyrolysis gas gas velocity as 0.5L/min, pyrolytic reaction 1h；
(3) it after pyrolytic reaction, adjusts 20 DEG C/min of rate of temperature fall and is down to 300 DEG C, set pyrolysis gas gas velocity as 0.2L/
Min is cooled to room temperature, and the charcoal of generation is directly obtained from reducing reactor 2, and bio oil and gas pass through condenser 8
Enter separator 7 after condensation, after being detached by the separator 7, bio oil directly collects acquisition, and gas then enters vent gas treatment
Device carries out tail gas clean-up processing, and wherein gas enters the solid sorbent device 9 in exhaust gas processing device (built with the life of recycling
Object charcoal and existing commercial sorbent material), it is then passed through the H that concentration is respectively 5% successively2O2, 10% HNO3Solution
Liquid absorbent device 10, that is, achieve the effect that tail gas clean-up.
The charcoal prepared to the embodiment observes its pattern, and the results are shown in Figure 3 for acquisition, as shown in Figure 3, uses
The surface texture of charcoal prepared by the system of the present invention is abundant, and carbonaceous is uniform, and quality is high.
Embodiment 3
Included the following steps using the method that apricot shell prepares charcoal：
(1) pretreatment of apricot shell：After the washing of apricot shell is dried, drying to constant weight under the conditions of 60 DEG C of baking oven, then uses
LFP-800 pulverizers are crushed to grain size 5mm~10mm；
(2) the apricot shell after crushing is added in the feed end of the reducing reactor 2 out of Three-section type heating device, is respectively started three
A temperature control equipment 11 sets 600 DEG C of pyrolysis temperature, 10 DEG C/min of heating rate, while passing through adjusting gas flow control
Device 12 processed sets pyrolysis gas gas velocity as 0.5L/min, pyrolytic reaction 1h；
(3) it after pyrolytic reaction, adjusts 20 DEG C/min of rate of temperature fall and is down to 300 DEG C, set pyrolysis gas gas velocity as 0.2L/
Min is cooled to room temperature, and the charcoal of generation is directly obtained from reducing reactor 2, and bio oil and gas pass through condenser 8
Enter separator 7 after condensation, after being detached by the separator 7, bio oil directly collects acquisition, and gas then enters vent gas treatment
Device carries out tail gas clean-up processing, and wherein gas enters the solid sorbent device 9 in exhaust gas processing device (built with the life of recycling
Object charcoal and existing commercial sorbent material), it is then passed through the H that concentration is respectively 5% successively2O2, 10% HNO3Solution
Liquid absorbent device 10, that is, achieve the effect that tail gas clean-up.
Embodiment 4
Included the following steps using the method that willow prepares charcoal：
(1) pretreatment of willow：After willow washing is dried, drying to constant weight under the conditions of 90 DEG C of baking oven, then uses
LFP-800 pulverizers are crushed to grain size 5mm~10mm；
(2) bed material chlorination sodium catalyst and crushing is added in the feed end of the reducing reactor 2 out of Three-section type heating device
Three temperature control equipments 11 are respectively started in willow afterwards, 500 DEG C of pyrolysis temperature of setting, 5 DEG C/min of heating rate, simultaneously
Pyrolysis gas gas velocity is set by adjusting gas flow control device 12 as 0.2L/min, pyrolytic reaction 3h；
(3) it after pyrolytic reaction, adjusts 20 DEG C/min of rate of temperature fall and is down to 260 DEG C, set pyrolysis gas gas velocity as 0.2L/
Min is cooled to room temperature, and the charcoal of generation is directly obtained from reducing reactor 2, and bio oil and gas pass through condenser 8
Enter separator 7 after condensation, after being detached by the separator 7, bio oil directly collects acquisition, and gas then enters vent gas treatment
Device carries out tail gas clean-up processing, and wherein gas is introduced into the solid sorbent device 9 in exhaust gas processing device (built with recycling
Charcoal and existing commercial sorbent material), it is then passed through the H that concentration is respectively 5% successively2O2, 10% HNO3It is molten
The liquid absorbent device 10 of liquid, that is, achieve the effect that tail gas clean-up.
Embodiment 5
Included the following steps using the method that rye grass prepares charcoal：
(1) pretreatment of rye grass：After willow washing is dried, drying to constant weight under the conditions of 60 DEG C of baking oven, then adopts
It is crushed to grain size 5mm~10mm with LFP-800 pulverizers；
(2) rye grass after crushing is added in the feed end of the reducing reactor 2 out of Three-section type heating device, is respectively started
Three temperature control equipments 11 set 500 DEG C of pyrolysis temperature, 25 DEG C/min of heating rate, while passing through adjusting gas flow
Control device 12 sets pyrolysis gas gas velocity as 0.5L/min, pyrolytic reaction 1h；
(3) it after pyrolytic reaction, adjusts 20 DEG C/min of rate of temperature fall and is down to 250 DEG C, set pyrolysis gas gas velocity as 0.2L/
Min is cooled to room temperature, and the charcoal of generation is directly obtained from reducing reactor 2, and bio oil and gas pass through condenser 8
Enter separator 7 after condensation, after being detached by the separator 7, bio oil directly collects acquisition, and gas then enters vent gas treatment
Device carries out tail gas clean-up processing, and wherein gas is introduced into the solid sorbent device 9 in exhaust gas processing device (built with recycling
Charcoal and existing commercial sorbent material), it is then passed through the H that concentration is respectively 5% successively2O2, 10% HNO3It is molten
The liquid absorbent device 10 of liquid, that is, achieve the effect that tail gas clean-up.
Performance detection 1
Charcoal prepared by embodiment 1-5 is polluted for removing Cadmium In The Water Body, weighs coconut husk, the rice straw of 0.1g respectively
Stalk, apricot shell, willow and rye grass charcoal are put into the vial of 50ml, and the cadmium solution that prepared 50mg/L is added is added
In the vial, (filter membrane is Waterman micropores for filtering after (180r/min) 12h is shaken under the conditions of 25 DEG C, pH=7
0.45um), filtrate measures remaining cadmium content in solution with ICP-OES spectrometers, find removal rate respectively up to 78%, 96%,
82%, 84%, 93% or so.It follows that the ability of charcoal absorption cadmium prepared by system using the present invention is strong.
Performance detection 2
For charcoal prepared by embodiment 1-5, influence of the different processing times to charcoal absorption property is probed into, point
Also known as the coconut husk for weighing 0.1g, rice straw, apricot shell, willow and rye grass charcoal is taken to be put into the vial of 50ml, and added
The cadmium solution for entering prepared 50mg/L is added in the vial, shakes (180r/min) under the conditions of 25 DEG C, pH=7 respectively
5min, 10min, 30min, 60min, 2h, 4h, 8h, 12h, 16h, (filter membrane is Waterman micropore 0.45um) is filtered afterwards for 24 hours,
Filtrate measures remaining cadmium content in solution with ICP-OES spectrometers, and the results are shown in Figure 4 for acquisition.By the figure it is found that this hair
The charcoal of bright preparation is to respectively having superior suction-operated, and as time went on, removal takes the lead in gradually rising and then tending to steady
It is fixed, the close saturation of charcoal absorption after 4 hours.And in comparison, the absorption property of the charcoal using rice straw extremely
Be better than other biological matter preparation charcoal absorption property, 95% or so can be reached to the removal rate of cadmium, this be by
It is flourishing in straw biological charcoal gap structure, it is preferable one of the reason of adsorption capacity.
Performance detection 3
For charcoal prepared by embodiment 1-5, influence of the different pH value to charcoal absorption property is probed into, is claimed respectively
It takes coconut husk, rice straw, apricot shell, willow and the rye grass charcoal of 0.1g to be put into the vial of 50ml, and is added and prepares
The cadmium solution of 50mg/L be added in the vial, filtered after shaking 12h under the conditions of 25 DEG C, 2,3,4,5,6,7 pH respectively
(filter membrane is Waterman micropore 0.45um), filtrate measure remaining cadmium content, the result of acquisition in solution with ICP-OES spectrometers
As shown in Figure 5.It is 2-6 processes in pH by the figure it is found that charcoal prepared by the present invention has superior suction-operated to cadmium
In, ascendant trend is presented in the absorption property of 5 kinds of raw material charcoals has optimal adsorption amount in pH=6, continues to increase pH, will inhale
Attached amount will be reduced slowly, illustrate pH to adsorbing important.
Embodiment 6
Included the following steps using the method that coconut husk prepares charcoal：
(1) pretreatment of coconut husk：After coconut husk washing is dried, drying to constant weight under the conditions of 80 DEG C of baking oven, then uses
LFP-800 pulverizers are crushed to grain size 5mm~10mm；
(2) coconut husk after crushing is added in the feed end of the reducing reactor 2 out of Three-section type heating device, is respectively started three
A temperature control equipment 11 first sets 400 DEG C of pyrolysis temperature, 20 DEG C/min of heating rate, while passing through adjusting gas flow control
Device 12 processed sets pyrolysis gas gas velocity as 0.5L/min, pyrolytic reaction 1h；
(3) after pyrolytic reaction, pyrolysis gas gas velocity is set as 0.2L/min, is cooled to room temperature, the charcoal of generation is direct
It is obtained from reducing reactor 2, and bio oil and gas enter separator 7 after being condensed by condenser 8, pass through the separator 7
After separation, bio oil directly collects acquisition, and gas then enters exhaust gas processing device and carries out tail gas clean-up processing, and wherein gas is first
Into solid sorbent device 9 (charcoal built with recycling and the existing commercial sorbent material in exhaust gas processing device
Material), it is then passed through the H that concentration is respectively 5% successively2O2, 10% HNO3The liquid absorbent device 10 of solution, that is, it is net to reach tail gas
The effect of change.
(4) feed end of the reducing reactor 2 out of Three-section type heating device continuously adds the coconut husk after the crushing of same amount,
Start three temperature control equipments 11, it is 500 DEG C, 600 DEG C, 700 DEG C, 800 DEG C to adjust temperature respectively, 20 DEG C of heating rate/
Min, while pyrolysis gas gas velocity is set as 0.5L/min by adjusting gas flow control device 12, pyrolytic reaction 1h；To
Prepare the charcoal under different temperatures.After pyrolytic reaction, pyrolysis gas gas velocity is set as 0.2L/min, is cooled to room temperature, generate
Charcoal directly obtained from reducing reactor 2, and bio oil and gas enter separator 7 after being condensed by condenser 8, lead to
After crossing the separator 7 separation, bio oil directly collects acquisition, and gas then enters exhaust gas processing device and carries out at tail gas clean-up
Reason, wherein gas is introduced into solid sorbent device 9 (charcoal built with recycling and existing quotient in exhaust gas processing device
Industry absorption material), it is then passed through several H for filling concentration and being respectively 5% successively2O2, 10% HNO3The liquid of solution is inhaled
Device 10 is received, that is, achievees the effect that tail gas clean-up.
By above-described embodiment it is found that charcoal preparation system using the present invention pyrolysis gas flow velocity be 0.2~5L/
Min, pyrolysis temperature are 400~1000 DEG C, and heating rate is 5~25 DEG C/min, and pyrolysis time is 0.5~3h, after pyrolytic reaction,
Rate of temperature fall can be 10~20 DEG C/min, cooling gas flow rate can be 0.1~0.2L/min under the conditions of, can accurately produce
Go out the charcoal that carbonaceous is uniform, quality is high, and low energy consumption, it is environmentally friendly.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of Three-section type heating device, it is characterised in that：Reducing reactor (2) including heating furnace (1) and in stove；Its
In, heating furnace (1) from top to bottom include three bringing-up sections, reducing reactor (2) include upper heating section (3), lower heating section (4) and
Positioned at intermediate material reaction section (5), and three bringing-up sections of heating furnace (1) are respectively upper heating section (3), lower heating section (4)
Heat source is provided with material reaction section (5)；The diameter of the upper heating section (3) is more than the diameter of lower heating section (4), material reaction section
(5) it is connected between heating section (3) and lower heating section (4) and forms reducer.
2. Three-section type heating device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The upper heating section (3) and lower heating section
(4) diameter ratio is 1.5~2:1.
3. a kind of system preparing charcoal using Three-section type heating device described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Including three
Segmentation heating device, feed end connect feeder (6), and discharge end is sequentially connected separator (7) and exhaust gas processing device.
4. system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Between the separator (7) and Three-section type heating device also
Equipped with condenser (8).
5. system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The exhaust gas processing device includes being connect with separator (7)
Solid sorbent device (9) and liquid absorbent device (10).
6. system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The system also includes three to control heating furnace (1) respectively
Three bringing-up sections temperature control equipment (11).
7. system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Between the Three-section type heating device and feeder (6)
It is additionally provided with volume control device (12).
8. a kind of method that system using described in claim 3 prepares charcoal, it is characterised in that include the following steps：To three
Reaction mass is added in segmentation heating device, is its supply gas by feeder (6) so that reaction mass be pyrolyzed anti-
Charcoal, bio oil and gas should be generated, wherein bio oil and gas are detached through separator (7), and bio oil is collected acquisition,
Gas is discharged after exhaust gas processing device purified treatment.
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