CN113231031A - Method for preparing high-adsorption-performance biochar from urban garden waste, product and application thereof - Google Patents
Method for preparing high-adsorption-performance biochar from urban garden waste, product and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
- B01J2220/4812—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being of organic character
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
- B01J2220/4875—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being a waste, residue or of undefined composition
- B01J2220/4887—Residues, wastes, e.g. garbage, municipal or industrial sludges, compost, animal manure; fly-ashes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing high-adsorption-property biochar from urban garden waste, and a product and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of biochar materials. The method comprises the steps of cleaning, drying and crushing urban garden waste to obtain a biochar raw material; subjecting the biochar raw material to pyrolysis treatment, and then reacting with H2O2Mixing, centrifuging, filtering and drying to obtain the biochar with high adsorption performance. The biochar prepared by the method has the advantages of ensuring the adsorption effect, obtaining the highest yield, simultaneously having low pyrolysis temperature and short pyrolysis time, greatly reducing the energy consumption and saving the preparation cost of the biochar. Preparation of garden wasteThe prepared biochar has rich functional groups, higher specific surface area and ion exchange capacity, and can be used for treating Cd2+Has stronger adsorption capacity and wide application prospect for sewage treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biochar materials, in particular to a method for preparing high-adsorption-property biochar from urban garden waste, and a product and application thereof.
Background
The urban garden waste refers to plant residues such as fallen leaves, withered branches, grass clippings and the like generated after natural withering or artificial trimming of greening plants in cities. The production of municipal garden waste is rapidly increasing and is becoming one of the main municipal solid waste. Since these wastes are mainly based on loose leaves, which are inconvenient to collect and transport over long distances, they are conventionally disposed of in landfills or incinerated together with other municipal wastes. The treatment mode not only can cause long-term negative influence on the environment and the life of surrounding people, but also can lead garden waste to be wasted greatly as a resource. In addition, currently, China is orderly promoting garbage classification in various major cities, and finding an effective resource utilization way for classified garbage is a key ring for promoting garbage circulation. As an important component of municipal solid waste, the main resource utilization mode of garden waste is only limited to compost treatment at present, namely, the garden waste is prepared into compost after being subjected to microbial fermentation and then is transported to rural areas for returning to the field. However, the rural areas own rich straw and livestock and poultry manure resources, and the straw returning is promoted by the policy of agricultural subsidy. In contrast, the collection and transportation costs of garden waste are high, and it is difficult to obtain a good resource utilization result. At present, the resource utilization rate of garden waste in various cities is very low, so that the development of more diversified resource utilization ways has important significance for promoting the treatment of the garden waste in the cities.
The biochar is a carbon-rich material prepared by pyrolyzing an organic material under the conditions of high temperature and limited oxygen, and has strong adsorption capacity on pollutants such as heavy metals in a solution due to the characteristics of high specific surface area, high cation exchange capacity, high surface functional groups and the like. At present, heavy metals widely exist in sewage of chemical industries such as electroplating facilities, mining operations, fertilizer industry, batteries, pesticides and the like, and can cause great harm to the ecological environment and human health because the heavy metals cannot be biodegraded and are discharged into the environment without being treated. Especially, cadmium has strong toxicity, great treatment difficulty, wide pollution range and other characteristics, and is widely concerned. Cadmium is absorbed by plants after entering soil, causes metabolic disorder of the plants, reduces yield, and is enriched in human bodies through food chains, so that a series of diseases occur. Therefore, the removal of cadmium in the water body and the first defense line for preventing and treating cadmium pollution are particularly important.
At the present stage, certain achievements have been achieved in the theoretical research aspect of the adsorption of the heavy metals by the biochar. But is limited in practical application by cost and has only a small range of uses. Therefore, how to obtain low-cost high-performance biochar is a problem which needs to be solved urgently in the current biochar application. Most of the existing researches are focused on improving the adsorption capacity of the finished biochar product, and the researches considering the biochar yield from the economic aspect are lacked. For example, pyrolysis temperature, pyrolysis time, and ramp rate are the primary pyrolysis parameters for biochar production. However, the influence of these parameters on the yield and adsorption capacity of biochar in general has the opposite effect. For example, rice hulls are prepared into biochar at different pyrolysis temperatures (300, 500 and 700 ℃) and then used for adsorbing and removing cadmium in solution, and as a result, the adsorption amount of cadmium is obviously increased along with the increase of the pyrolysis temperature, but at the same time, the yield of the rice hull biochar is gradually reduced along with the increase of the pyrolysis temperature. The yield of the date pit biochar is reduced along with the increase of the pyrolysis temperature and the pyrolysis time, and the adsorption amount of the methyl blue is increased along with the increase of the date pit biochar. When the temperature rising rate is too fast, the organic matter cracking and the evaporation of the carbon-rich substances can increase the yield of biological oil and gas in the pyrolysis process of the wheat straws and reduce the yield of the biological carbon, but the improvement of the specific surface area of the biological carbon is also beneficial to the adsorption of pollutants. And in actual production, economic efficiency is the most important factor influencing large-scale application of a material compared with adsorption performance, and it is economically undesirable to pursue only high adsorption performance of biochar while neglecting yield or give up high adsorption performance while paying attention to high yield. Therefore, it is very necessary to research a method for preparing biochar with high yield and strong adsorption performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing high-adsorption-property biochar from urban garden waste, a product and an application thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a method for preparing high-adsorption-property biochar from urban garden waste, which comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning, drying and crushing urban garden waste to obtain a biochar raw material;
(2) subjecting the biochar raw material to pyrolysis treatment, and then reacting with H2O2And mixing the solutions, and centrifuging, filtering and drying the mixture to obtain the biochar with high adsorption performance.
Further, in step (1), urban garden discarded object is collected in northeast agriculture university campus, wash for wash 2 ~ 3 times with the clear water earlier to get rid of the attached dust of surface and other impurity, reuse deionized water washing.
Further, in the step (1), the drying is to dry the cleaned material for 8-24 hours in an oven at 80-100 ℃ after draining the water until the material quality is not changed any more.
Further, in the step (1), the crushing is to crush the dried sample and pass through a 100-mesh sieve.
Further, in the step (2), a slow pyrolysis method is adopted for pyrolysis treatment, the temperature of the pyrolysis treatment is 300-700 ℃, the heating rate is 4-10 ℃/min, and the pyrolysis time after heating is 30-210 min; the parameters of the pyrolysis treatment may further preferably be: the temperature is 300-400 ℃, the heating rate is 8-10 ℃/min, and the pyrolysis time after heating is 30-60 min; still more preferably: the temperature is 398 ℃, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, and the pyrolysis time after heating is 30 min.
As the main component of the garden waste is withered leaves, and the burning point of the leaves is about 300 ℃, the invention takes 300 ℃ as the lowest research temperature for pyrolysis of the garden waste, takes a slow pyrolysis method as the preparation method of the biochar, and takes 700 ℃ as the highest pyrolysis temperature. The lowest temperature rise rate is 4 ℃, the fastest temperature rise rate is 10 ℃, and the temperature rise rates are all in the range of the slow pyrolysis method. In order to prevent the biomass from being cracked due to too short pyrolysis time at the lowest temperature, the lowest pyrolysis time is 30min, and simultaneously, the adsorption property is prevented from being reduced due to collapse and damage of the pores of the biochar due to too long pyrolysis time at the highest temperature, and therefore 210min is selected as the maximum value of the pyrolysis time.
High-purity nitrogen with the flow of 0.4L/min is introduced into the tubular furnace for 30min before pyrolysis so as to exhaust air in the tube, the nitrogen with the flow of 0.2L/min is kept to continuously circulate in the pyrolysis and cooling processes, and the air is prevented from entering the tube to cause biochar oxidation.
Further, in the step (2), the H2O2The mass concentration of the solution is 15 percent, and the biochar raw material and H are mixed2O2The mass-to-volume ratio of the solution is 1g (20-40) mL; biochar feedstock and H2O2The mass-to-volume ratio of the solution may be more preferably 1g:30 mL.
Further, in the step (2), the rotating speed of the centrifugation is 150rpm, the temperature is 25 ℃, and the time is 12 h.
Further, in the step (2), the drying is carried out for 3-5 hours in an oven at the temperature of 80-100 ℃.
The invention also provides the high-adsorption-performance biochar prepared by the method for preparing the high-adsorption-performance biochar from the urban garden waste.
The invention also provides the high-adsorption-performance biochar for adsorbing Cd2+The use of (1).
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention can make full use of urban garden waste to prepare the high-efficiency adsorbent material, and realizes the purpose of changing the garden waste into valuable. The inventionThe prepared biochar obtains the highest yield while ensuring the adsorption effect, and meanwhile, the pyrolysis temperature is low, the pyrolysis time is short, the energy consumption is greatly reduced, and the preparation cost of the biochar is saved. The biochar prepared from garden waste has rich functional groups, higher specific surface area and ion exchange capacity, and can be used for treating Cd2+Has stronger adsorption capacity and wide application prospect for sewage treatment.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 shows the adsorption time of 17 biochar on Cd2+The amount of adsorption of (3).
FIG. 2 shows the pyrolysis temperature and temperature rise rate versus biochar yield and Cd in garden waste2+And (3) a trend graph of the influence of the adsorption amount.
FIG. 3 shows the pyrolysis temperature and pyrolysis time versus charcoal yield and Cd of garden waste2+And (3) a trend graph of the influence of the adsorption amount.
FIG. 4 shows the heating rate and pyrolysis time versus yield and Cd of biochar from garden waste2+And (3) a trend graph of the influence of the adsorption amount.
Fig. 5 is an SEM image of biochar prepared from garden waste under the conditions of highest Yield (YGWB), highest adsorption (CGWB) and optimal economic (OGWB).
FIG. 6 is an FTIR spectrum of highest Yield (YGWB), maximum adsorbed amount (CGWB) and best economics (OGWB).
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
In the invention, after the urban garden waste is cleaned, dried and crushed, the urban garden waste is preferably further fermented, and the method comprises the following steps:
putting the urban garden waste into a fermentation tank, adding livestock manure and beef paste, wherein the adding amount of the livestock manure is 25-30% of the mass of the urban garden waste, the adding amount of the beef paste is 5-8% of the mass of the urban garden waste, uniformly mixing, sealing and fermenting, the fermentation temperature is 25-30 ℃, and the fermentation time is 5-7 d. And (4) putting the obtained fermented product into an air dryer for air drying, and air-drying for later use.
The beef extract contains creatine, creatinine, polypeptides, amino acids, nucleotides, organic acids, minerals and water-soluble substances of vitamins. The product is widely applied to the preparation of bio-pharmaceutical fermentation and various culture mediums. After the urban garden waste is subjected to anaerobic fermentation, organic substances are converted into CH through the catabolism of microorganisms under certain moisture, temperature and anaerobic conditions4、CO2、H2O, ammonia and other substances can reduce environmental pollution and improve the utilization rate of effective components, so that the finally prepared biochar has higher yield and good adsorption performance.
Example 1
(1) The urban garden waste is cleaned for 3 times by clean water and then cleaned by deionized water. And (3) draining the cleaned material, and drying the material in an oven at 80 ℃ for 8 hours until the quality of the material is not changed any more. Crushing the dried sample, and sieving the crushed sample by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a biochar raw material;
(2) and (2) carrying out pyrolysis treatment on the biochar raw material, introducing high-purity nitrogen with the flow of 0.4L/min into the tubular furnace for 30min before pyrolysis, keeping the nitrogen with the flow of 0.2L/min continuously circulating in the pyrolysis and cooling processes, wherein the temperature of the pyrolysis treatment is 300 ℃, the heating rate is 4 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 60min after heating. Pyrolytic garden waste biochar and 15% H2O2Mixing the solutions at a ratio of 1:30(w/v), centrifuging at 150rpm at 25 deg.C for 12 hr, filtering, and oven drying at 100 deg.C for 4 hr to obtain high yield biochar with yield of 64.3%, Cd2+The adsorption capacity was 20.83 mg/g.
Example 2
(1) And (3) cleaning the urban garden waste for 2 times by using clean water and then cleaning by using deionized water. And (3) draining the cleaned material, and drying the material in an oven at 90 ℃ for 12h until the quality of the material is not changed any more. Crushing the dried sample, and sieving the crushed sample by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a biochar raw material;
(2) pyrolyzing the biochar raw material, introducing high-purity nitrogen with the flow of 0.4L/min into the tubular furnace for 30min before pyrolysis, pyrolyzing andand keeping the nitrogen of 0.2L/min continuously circulating in the cooling process, wherein the temperature of the pyrolysis treatment is 400 ℃, the heating rate is 6 ℃/min, and the nitrogen is kept for 50min after the temperature is increased. Pyrolytic garden waste biochar and 15% H2O2Mixing the solution at a ratio of 1:20(w/v), centrifuging at 150rpm at 25 deg.C for 12 hr, filtering, and oven drying at 80 deg.C for 5 hr to obtain biochar with high yield and high adsorption performance, wherein the yield is 50.8%, and Cd is2+The adsorbed amount was 41.6 mg/g.
Example 3
(1) The urban garden waste is cleaned for 3 times by clean water and then cleaned by deionized water. And (3) draining the cleaned material, and drying the material in an oven at 100 ℃ for 24 hours until the quality of the material is not changed any more. Crushing the dried sample, and sieving the crushed sample by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a biochar raw material;
(2) and (2) carrying out pyrolysis treatment on the biochar raw material, introducing high-purity nitrogen with the flow of 0.4L/min into the tubular furnace for 30min before pyrolysis, keeping the nitrogen with the flow of 0.2L/min continuously circulating in the pyrolysis and cooling processes, wherein the temperature of the pyrolysis treatment is 600 ℃, the heating rate is 8 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 200min after heating. Pyrolytic garden waste biochar and 15% H2O2Mixing the solution at a ratio of 1:40(w/v), centrifuging at 150rpm at 25 deg.C for 12 hr, filtering, and oven drying at 90 deg.C for 3 hr to obtain biochar with high adsorption performance, yield of 31.7%, Cd2+The adsorption amount was 48.2 mg/g.
Example 4
(1) The urban garden waste is cleaned for 3 times by clean water and then cleaned by deionized water. And (3) draining the cleaned material, and drying the material in an oven at 80 ℃ for 8 hours until the quality of the material is not changed any more. Crushing the dried sample, and sieving the crushed sample by a 100-mesh sieve;
putting the urban garden waste into a fermentation tank, adding livestock manure and beef paste, wherein the adding amount of the livestock manure is 30% of the mass of the urban garden waste, the adding amount of the beef paste is 5% of the mass of the urban garden waste, uniformly mixing, sealing and fermenting, the fermentation temperature is 25 ℃, and the fermentation time is 7 d. And (4) putting the obtained fermented product into an air dryer for air drying, and obtaining the biochar raw material after air drying.
(2) And (2) carrying out pyrolysis treatment on the biochar raw material, introducing high-purity nitrogen with the flow of 0.4L/min into the tubular furnace for 30min before pyrolysis, keeping the nitrogen with the flow of 0.2L/min continuously circulating in the pyrolysis and cooling processes, wherein the temperature of the pyrolysis treatment is 300 ℃, the heating rate is 4 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 60min after heating. Pyrolytic garden waste biochar and 15% H2O2Mixing the solution at a ratio of 1:30(w/v), centrifuging at 150rpm at 25 deg.C for 12 hr, filtering, and oven drying at 100 deg.C for 4 hr to obtain high-adsorbability biochar with yield of 60.5%, Cd2+The adsorbed amount was 42.6 mg/g.
Example 5
(1) The urban garden waste is cleaned for 3 times by clean water and then cleaned by deionized water. And (3) draining the cleaned material, and drying the material in an oven at 80 ℃ for 8 hours until the quality of the material is not changed any more. Crushing the dried sample, and sieving the crushed sample by a 100-mesh sieve;
putting the urban garden waste into a fermentation tank, adding livestock manure and beef paste, wherein the adding amount of the livestock manure is 25% of the mass of the urban garden waste, the adding amount of the beef paste is 8% of the mass of the urban garden waste, uniformly mixing, sealing and fermenting, the fermentation temperature is 30 ℃, and the fermentation time is 5 d. And (4) putting the obtained fermented product into an air dryer for air drying, and obtaining the biochar raw material after air drying.
(2) And (2) carrying out pyrolysis treatment on the biochar raw material, introducing high-purity nitrogen with the flow of 0.4L/min into the tubular furnace for 30min before pyrolysis, keeping the nitrogen with the flow of 0.2L/min continuously circulating in the pyrolysis and cooling processes, wherein the temperature of the pyrolysis treatment is 300 ℃, the heating rate is 4 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 60min after heating. Pyrolytic garden waste biochar and 15% H2O2Mixing the solution at a ratio of 1:30(w/v), centrifuging at 150rpm at 25 deg.C for 12 hr, filtering, and oven drying at 100 deg.C for 4 hr to obtain biochar with high adsorption performance, yield of 58.3%, and Cd content2+The adsorption amount was 55.7 mg/g.
Test example 1
The specific steps are the same as example 1, except that the pyrolysis temperatures of 300 ℃, 500 ℃ and 700 ℃ are respectively selected; the heating rate is 4 ℃/min, 7 ℃/min and 10 ℃/min; the pyrolysis time is 30min, 120min and 210min, the parameters are combined, a response surface method is used for design, and a 17-combination mode is established as shown in the following table 1, wherein 5 central combination experiments (7 ℃/min, 120min, 500 ℃) are included for error verification.
TABLE 1 combinations of pyrolysis parameters
Respectively carrying out yield measurement and calculation and Cd on 17 biochar2+The adsorption test is specifically operated as follows:
calculating the yield of biochar according to the formula (1)
The specific operation of the cadmium adsorption test is as follows: 50mL of cadmium solution with the concentration of 50mg/L is added into a 100mL conical flask, then biochar is added according to the proportion of 1g/L, and shaking is carried out in a constant temperature shaking table at the temperature of 25 ℃. The shaken solution was filtered through a 0.45 μm filter and finally subjected to atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS, Thermo scientific, iCE)TM3500) Determination of Cd in filtrate2+Concentration of Cd in the solution before and after adsorption2+To calculate the Cd of the biochar pair2+The amount of adsorption of (3). The calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula (2), qtIs a pair of biological carbon Cd2+The amount of adsorption (mg/g); c0And CtCd before and after adsorption respectively2+Concentration (mg/L); m is the adding amount (g) of the biochar; v is the solution volume (L).
The yield and Cd of 17 biochar are obtained through tests2+The adsorption was equilibrated and the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 217 yield and Cd of Garden waste biochar2+Result of adsorption amount
According to the data in the table 2, model fitting is applied to establish the pyrolysis temperature, the pyrolysis time and the heating rate as well as the yield of biochar and Cd of the garden waste2+The regression equation between the adsorption amounts is as follows:
Yyield of(％)＝37.84-0.32A-0.83B-15.73C-0.06AC+0.82BC-0.16A2+1.4B2+8.64C2 (3)
YAmount of adsorption(mg/g)＝48.51-3.3A-5.72B+10.63C-3.14AB-2.43AC+2.15BC-0.58A2-5.52B2-14.72C2+1.49AC2-2.10B2C+11.72BC2 (4)
In the formulas (3) and (4), A is the temperature rise rate, B is the pyrolysis time, and C is the pyrolysis temperature.
Obtaining the pyrolysis temperature, the pyrolysis time and the heating rate pair Cd by using model analysis2+The influence of the amount of adsorption and the yield is shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4. According to the analysis result of the model, Cd is expressed as effective adsorption amount (mg/g, effective adsorption amount ═ biochar yield)2+Cd after raw material with adsorption capacity meaning unit mass is prepared into biochar2+Adsorption capacity) as a response value, fitting out the optimal preparation conditions of 398 ℃ of pyrolysis temperature, 10 ℃/min of heating rate and 30min of pyrolysis time, wherein the yield of garden waste is 50.63%, and Cd is2+The adsorbed amount was 39.57mg/g and the effective adsorbed amount was 20.03mg/g, while the effective adsorbed amounts of the biochar (YGWB) with the highest yield and the biochar (CGWB) with the highest adsorbed amount in Table 2 were 10.47 and 18.05mg/g, respectively, both being lowEffective adsorption amount of biochar (OGWB) under economically optimal conditions. In addition, the pyrolysis temperature and the pyrolysis time of CGWB, OGWB and OGWB are greatly reduced, and the energy consumption for preparing the biochar can be effectively reduced, so that the preparation cost of the biochar is reduced, and the large-scale application of the biochar is promoted.
Biochar pair Cd prepared from other materials under different pyrolysis conditions2+The adsorption amounts are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 biochar pairs Cd prepared from other materials under different pyrolysis conditions2+Adsorption amount of (2)
The economical optimal biochar (OGWB) prepared by the method has the advantages of easily obtained materials, simple preparation method, yield of finished products over 50 percent and low concentration Cd2+For Cd under the condition2+The removal rate of the activated carbon reaches 79 percent (the application ratio of the biochar is improved, the removal rate can be further improved), the adsorption amount reaches 39.57mg/g, the activated carbon has obvious advantages compared with the biochar prepared by other materials in the table 3, and the free Cd in the solution can be effectively fixed2+Blocking the absorption of Cd by plants, thereby reducing Cd2+And human exposure through the food chain. In addition, the charcoal in the invention has lower pyrolysis temperature, short pyrolysis time and high heating rate, reduces the energy consumption to the lowest under the condition of ensuring the adsorption effect and the yield, and is beneficial to large-scale popularization and application of the charcoal.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing high-adsorption-performance biochar from urban garden waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) cleaning, drying and crushing urban garden waste to obtain a biochar raw material;
(2) subjecting the biochar raw material to pyrolysis treatment, and then reacting with H2O2And mixing the solutions, and centrifuging, filtering and drying the mixture to obtain the biochar with high adsorption performance.
2. The method for preparing high-adsorption biochar from urban garden waste according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the cleaning is performed by firstly cleaning with clear water for 2-3 times and then cleaning with deionized water.
3. The method for preparing biochar with high adsorption performance from urban garden waste according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the drying is that the cleaned material is dried for 8-24 hours at 80-100 ℃ after water is drained, until the quality of the material is not changed any more.
4. The method for preparing biochar with high adsorption performance from municipal garden waste according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the crushing is to crush the dried sample and pass through a 100-mesh sieve.
5. The method for preparing high-adsorption biochar from urban garden waste according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), a slow pyrolysis method is adopted for pyrolysis treatment, the temperature of the pyrolysis treatment is 300-700 ℃, the temperature rise rate is 4-10 ℃/min, and the pyrolysis time after temperature rise is 30-210 min.
6. The method for preparing high adsorption biochar from municipal garden waste according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), H is2O2The mass concentration of the solution is 15 percent, and the biochar raw material and H are mixed2O2The mass-to-volume ratio of the solution is 1g (20-40) mL.
7. The method for preparing biochar with high adsorption performance from municipal garden waste according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the rotation speed of the centrifugation is 150rpm, the temperature is 25 ℃, and the time is 12 hours.
8. The method for preparing biochar with high adsorption performance from urban garden waste according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the drying is carried out at 80-100 ℃ for 3-5 hours.
9. The high-adsorption biochar prepared by the method for preparing the high-adsorption biochar from the urban garden waste according to any one of claims 1-8.
10. The method for adsorbing Cd by using the high-adsorption-performance biochar as claimed in claim 92+The use of (1).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110723768.1A CN113231031A (en) | 2021-06-29 | 2021-06-29 | Method for preparing high-adsorption-performance biochar from urban garden waste, product and application thereof |
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| CN114053999A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-02-18 | 东北农业大学 | Coffee residue biochar and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114477691A (en) * | 2022-02-16 | 2022-05-13 | 江南大学 | Method for preparing functional blue algae biochar and applying functional blue algae biochar to strengthening anaerobic digestion |
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