CN108608115A - A kind of method for laser welding for increasing welding penetration and improving appearance of weld - Google Patents
A kind of method for laser welding for increasing welding penetration and improving appearance of weld Download PDFInfo
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- CN108608115A CN108608115A CN201810442565.3A CN201810442565A CN108608115A CN 108608115 A CN108608115 A CN 108608115A CN 201810442565 A CN201810442565 A CN 201810442565A CN 108608115 A CN108608115 A CN 108608115A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010169 landfilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000649 photocoagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
- B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the method for laser welding of a kind of increase welding penetration and improvement appearance of weld, the side of two plates is polished, so that two plates is stitched together, there is no apparent gaps, and clear up plank, include removing and splicing to surface film oxide and greasy dirt；Groove gap, and prefabricated groove gap are measured using feeler gauge, obtains the test piece for welding in prefabricated gap；Welding pool is protected using protective gas, then the hot spot of the center alignment laser of protective gas escape pipe carries out laser welding；After the pure Laser Welding on top, cover welding is carried out to the part of face of weld recess.The present invention can increase laser welding fusion penetration, to promote welding efficiency, save energy consumption；Meanwhile this method also improves the back forming of weld seam, weld seam back is susceptible to the Problems in forming of overlap when solving slab High Power Laser Welding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to laser welding field more particularly to a kind of Laser Weldings for increasing welding penetration and improving appearance of weld
Connect method.
Background technology
Currently, China is right in the industrial circles such as nuclear power equipment, ocean engineering, warship, petrochemical industry, aerospace
The demand for the structure that performance is higher, thickness is larger is increasing, thus the requirement to thick plates technology also becomes higher and higher.
When welding slab using traditional arc-welding or gas shielded arc welding, there are many limit to such as low production efficiency, higher production
Cost, big post welding distortion etc..Compared with traditional welding method, the Laser Welding of high-energy density has whole heat input
Small, the features such as speed of welding is fast, and the depth-to-width ratio of weld seam is larger, welding precision is high, can with the production efficiency of enterprise, reduce
Cost and the quality for improving converted products, thus high-power method for laser welding obtains increasingly in the welding process of slab
More popularization and application.
But when being welded to slab using high-power laser, due to generated in welding process metal vapors,
Heat transfer, molten pool metal overheat etc. have the energy consumption of laser certain loss, and light beam penetrates downwards institute in deeply molten aperture
Attainable depth can also be limited by power etc., therefore under certain bonding power, and the fusion penetration of laser welding can be limited
System.To further increase the fusion penetration of weld seam, a kind of method is the welding equipment using laser power bigger, but this can improve weldering
It is connected into this, and is limited by technical conditions.Another method is to improve the technique of welding, by inspection information, finds document
In have a weld penetration that a kind of technique can be obviously improved laser welding, that is, use the welding method of vacuum chamber negative pressure, but
It is to influence its popularization and application in industrial circle since the welding method needs to carry out in chamber.In addition, swashing for slab
Photocoagulation, when the back penetration of weld seam, the defects of weld seam back easy tos produce overlap, thus new welding procedure is needed to change
The back forming of kind weld seam.
Therefore, those skilled in the art is dedicated to developing a kind of Laser Welding of increase welding penetration and improvement appearance of weld
Method is connect, achieve the effect that increase welding penetration and improves appearance of weld
Invention content
In view of the drawbacks described above of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to increase welding penetration and improvement
The forming of weld seam reduces defect.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the laser welding sides of a kind of increase welding penetration and improvement appearance of weld
Method includes the following steps：
Step 1：The side of two planks is polished, two board material splices is made to get up there is no apparent gap,
And plank is cleared up, include the removing to surface film oxide and greasy dirt；The side of two planks is bolted together, is formed
The butt welding groove of I types.
Step 2：Groove gap, and prefabricated groove gap are measured using feeler gauge, obtains the test piece for welding in prefabricated gap.
Step 3：Welding pool is protected using protective gas, the light of the center alignment laser of protective gas escape pipe
Then spot carries out laser welding.
Step 4：After the pure Laser Welding on top, cover welding is carried out to the part of face of weld recess.
Further, thin slice is filled between two planks being stitched together, uses fixture by prefabricated groove gap in step 2
Welded blank is fixed, then carrying out spot welding to the gap both ends of board material splice fixes, then the thin slice between gap is taken out.
Further, the thickness of thin slice is 0.1mm to 0.6mm in step 2.
Further, the solid welding of step 2 midpoint is surely by the way of laser spot welding.
Further, diameter of the prefabricated gap less than laser facula in step 2.
Further, the laser welding power of laser welding is 10kW in step 3, and laser deflection angle is 7 ° to 10 °, is swashed
The defocusing amount of light is 0mm.
Further, protective gas escape pipe is copper pipe that internal diameter is 8mm in step 3, and protective gas is nitrogen, copper pipe
Angle of inclination is 30 ° to 50 °, shield gas flow rate 20L/min.
Further, the speed of welding of laser welding is 0.6m/min to 1.2m/min in step 3.
Further, the speed of welding size welded in step 4 be 0.42m/min, wire feed rate 2m/min, laser from
Coke amount is 20mm, laser power 4kW, a diameter of 1.2mm of welding wire.
Further, cover welding uses the method that laser fills silk in step 4.
The present invention has the advantages that：
(1) compared with gapless laser welding, the fusion penetration of welding point can be greatly promoted using the present invention, in addition to
In the case that the other welding parameters in gap are consistent, weld penetration maximum can promote 88%.
(2) on the one hand the presence in gap inhibits the generation of metal plumage cigarette, reduces energy consumption；On the other hand, promote laser
Shu Shen melts the transmission inside aperture, these promote the promotion of utilization ratio of laser energy.
(3) presence in gap can greatly improve the back forming of weld seam.When could be used without gap or smaller gap, weldering
Stitching back, it is easy to appear welded tumour defects, and the presence in appropriate gap reduces the pressure inside aperture, and it is molten to slow down aperture antetheca
The speed that body flows downward, the back forming got well, weld seam back is easy when to solve slab High Power Laser Welding
There is the Problems in forming of overlap.
The technique effect of the design of the present invention, concrete structure and generation is described further below with reference to attached drawing, with
It is fully understood from the purpose of the present invention, feature and effect.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the appearance of weld figure having after gap weldig landfilling area capping in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the prefabricated groove gap of welded specimen in the embodiment of the present invention one to five；
Fig. 3 is welding process schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention one to five；
Fig. 4 is that have Gap Weld sectional view in the embodiment of the present invention one；
Fig. 5 is closed weld sectional view in the embodiment of the present invention one；
Fig. 6 is that have Gap Weld sectional view in the embodiment of the present invention two；
Fig. 7 is closed weld sectional view in the embodiment of the present invention two；
Fig. 8 is that have Gap Weld sectional view in the embodiment of the present invention three；
Fig. 9 is closed weld sectional view in the embodiment of the present invention three；
Figure 10 is that have Gap Weld sectional view in the embodiment of the present invention four；
Figure 11 is closed weld sectional view in the embodiment of the present invention four；
Figure 12 is that have Gap Weld sectional view in the embodiment of the present invention five；
Figure 13 is closed weld sectional view in the embodiment of the present invention five；
Figure 14 is the sectional view for having the weld seam after gap weldig landfilling area capping in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Multiple preferred embodiments that the present invention is introduced below with reference to Figure of description, keep its technology contents more clear and just
In understanding.The present invention can be emerged from by many various forms of embodiments, and protection scope of the present invention not only limits
The embodiment that Yu Wenzhong is mentioned.
In the accompanying drawings, the identical component of structure is indicated with same numbers label, everywhere the similar component of structure or function with
Like numeral label indicates.The size and thickness of each component shown in the drawings are to be arbitrarily shown, and there is no limit by the present invention
The size and thickness of each component.In order to keep diagram apparent, some places suitably exaggerate the thickness of component in attached drawing.
Embodiment one：
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the method for laser welding for increasing welding penetration and improvement appearance of weld includes the following steps：
Step 1：The preparation of plank, plank used are the steel plate of 16mm thickness, and the side of plank is polished, two planks are made
Being stitched together, there is no apparent gaps, and clear up plank, include the removing to surface film oxide and greasy dirt.By two
The side of a plank is bolted together, and forms the butt welding groove of I types.
Step 2：Welded gaps it is prefabricated, by thickness specification be 0.1mm to 0.6mm thin slice 1 fill in two to be stitched together
Between a welded blank, welded blank is fixed with fixture, then carrying out spot welding at gap both ends with laser spot welding mode fixes
Two welded blanks form two spot welding points 3.The thin slice 1 in gap is taken out again, has thus obtained the welding in prefabricated gap
Test plate (panel).
Step 3：Laser Deep Penetration Welding termination process, the laser welding apparatus used are optical fiber laser (IPG YLS-10000),
Laser welding power is set as 10kW, laser deflection angle is 7 ° to 10 °, and the defocusing amount of laser is 0mm, uses internal diameter for 8mm
Copper pipe lead to nitrogen, welding pool is protected, the angle of inclination of copper pipe is 30 ° to 50 °, the center alignment laser of pipe
Hot spot, shield gas flow rate 20L/min are welded under certain weldering speed, speed of welding 0.6m/min.Laser beam 2 is right
It is welded in gap between accurate two tests piece for welding.
Step 4：Laser capping welding process, after the pure Laser Welding on top, face of weld has recess slightly, with swash
The method that light fills silk carries out cover welding to the part of recess, and speed of welding size used is 0.42m/min, and wire feed rate is
2m/min, laser defocusing amount are 20mm, and laser power 4kW, a diameter of 1.2mm of welding wire finally obtain the weld seam shaped.
Section of weld joint figure such as Fig. 4 after being welded after the completion of step 3.Obtain after the completion of step 4 cap weld such as Fig. 1 and
Complete section of weld joint figure such as Figure 14 after 4 steps.
In order to compare whether there is or not the effect of prefabricated gap laser welding, according to identical step, difference lies in do not walked
Control group welding is carried out in rapid 2 the step of prefabricated gap.The sectional view of obtained weld seam such as Fig. 5, have under same operating mode gap and
Two kinds of welding procedure comparisons of gapless, have the weld penetration in gap obviously bigger than gapless weld penetration.
Embodiment two：
The step of embodiment two, is identical as embodiment one, is 0.8m/min difference lies in the speed of welding in step 3.Implement
The sectional view of the weld seam of example two such as Fig. 6.
In order to compare whether there is or not the effect of prefabricated gap laser welding, according to identical step, difference lies in do not walked
Control group welding is carried out in rapid 2 the step of prefabricated gap.Obtain sectional view such as Fig. 7 of gapless welded seam.Under same operating mode
There are the two kinds of welding procedure comparisons in gap and gapless, has the weld penetration in gap obviously bigger than gapless weld penetration.
Embodiment three：
The step of embodiment three, is identical as embodiment one, is 0.9m/min difference lies in the speed of welding in step 3.Implement
The sectional view of the weld seam of example three such as Fig. 8.
In order to compare whether there is or not the effect of prefabricated gap laser welding, according to identical step, difference lies in do not walked
Control group welding is carried out in rapid 2 the step of prefabricated gap.Obtain sectional view such as Fig. 9 of gapless welded seam.Under same operating mode
There are the two kinds of welding procedure comparisons in gap and gapless, has the weld penetration in gap obviously bigger than gapless weld penetration.
Example IV：
The step of example IV, is identical as embodiment one, is 1.0m/min difference lies in the speed of welding in step 3.Implement
The sectional view of the weld seam of example four such as Figure 10.
In order to compare whether there is or not the effect of prefabricated gap laser welding, according to identical step, difference lies in do not walked
Control group welding is carried out in rapid 2 the step of prefabricated gap.Obtain sectional view such as Figure 11 of gapless welded seam.Under same operating mode
There are the two kinds of welding procedure comparisons in gap and gapless, has the weld penetration in gap obviously bigger than gapless weld penetration.
Embodiment five：
The step of embodiment five, is identical as embodiment one, is 1.2m/min difference lies in the speed of welding in step 3.Implement
The sectional view of the weld seam of example five such as Figure 12.
In order to compare whether there is or not the effect of prefabricated gap laser welding, according to identical step, difference lies in do not walked
Control group welding is carried out in rapid 2 the step of prefabricated gap.Obtain sectional view such as Figure 13 of gapless welded seam.Under same operating mode
There are the two kinds of welding procedure comparisons in gap and gapless, has the weld penetration in gap obviously bigger than gapless weld penetration.
The present invention has the advantages that：
(1) compared with gapless laser welding, the fusion penetration of welding point can be greatly promoted using the present invention, in addition to
In the case that the other welding parameters in gap are consistent, weld penetration maximum can promote 88%.
(2) on the one hand the presence in gap inhibits the generation of metal plumage cigarette, reduces energy consumption；On the other hand, promote laser
Shu Shen melts the transmission inside aperture, these promote the promotion of utilization ratio of laser energy.
(3) presence in gap can greatly improve the back forming of weld seam.When could be used without gap or smaller gap, weldering
Stitching back, it is easy to appear welded tumour defects, and the presence in appropriate gap reduces the pressure inside aperture, and it is molten to slow down aperture antetheca
The speed that body flows downward, the back forming got well, weld seam back is easy when to solve slab High Power Laser Welding
There is the Problems in forming of overlap.
In the case where technological requirement weld penetration is the same, bonding power of the invention is small, that is, reduce energy consumption, save at
This.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above.It should be appreciated that the ordinary skill of this field is without wound
The property made labour, which according to the present invention can conceive, makes many modifications and variations.Therefore, all technician in the art
Pass through the available technology of logical analysis, reasoning, or a limited experiment on the basis of existing technology under this invention's idea
Scheme, all should be in the protection domain being defined in the patent claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method for laser welding for increasing welding penetration and improving appearance of weld, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Step 1：The side of two planks is polished, two board material splices is made to get up there is no apparent gap,
And the plank is cleared up, include the removing to surface film oxide and greasy dirt, the side of two planks be bolted together,
Form the butt welding groove of I types；
Step 2：Groove gap, and prefabricated groove gap are measured using feeler gauge, obtains the test piece for welding in prefabricated gap；
Step 3：Welding pool is protected using protective gas, the hot spot of the center alignment laser of protective gas escape pipe,
Then laser welding is carried out；
Step 4：After the pure Laser Welding on top, cover welding is carried out to the part of face of weld recess.
2. increasing welding penetration as described in claim 1 and improving the method for laser welding of appearance of weld, which is characterized in that step
Thin slice is filled between two planks being stitched together, is fixed welded blank with fixture, then by prefabricated groove gap in rapid 2
Spot welding is carried out to the gap both ends of board material splice to fix, then the thin slice between gap is taken out.
3. increasing welding penetration as claimed in claim 2 and improving the method for laser welding of appearance of weld, which is characterized in that step
The thickness of thin slice is 0.1mm to 0.6mm in rapid 2.
4. increasing welding penetration as claimed in claim 2 and improving the method for laser welding of appearance of weld, which is characterized in that step
The solid welding of rapid 2 midpoint is surely by the way of laser spot welding.
5. increasing welding penetration as claimed in claim 2 and improving the method for laser welding of appearance of weld, which is characterized in that step
Prefabricated gap is less than the diameter of laser facula in rapid 2.
6. increasing welding penetration as described in claim 1 and improving the method for laser welding of appearance of weld, which is characterized in that step
The laser welding power of laser welding is 10kW in rapid 3, and laser deflection angle is 7 ° -10 °, and the defocusing amount of laser is 0mm.
7. increasing welding penetration as described in claim 1 and improving the method for laser welding of appearance of weld, which is characterized in that step
Protective gas escape pipe is the copper pipe that internal diameter is 8mm in rapid 3, and protective gas is nitrogen, and the angle of inclination of copper pipe is 30 ° -50 °,
Shield gas flow rate is 20L/min.
8. increasing welding penetration as described in claim 1 and improving the method for laser welding of appearance of weld, which is characterized in that step
The speed of welding of laser welding is 0.6m/min to 1.2m/min in rapid 3.
9. increasing welding penetration as described in claim 1 and improving the method for laser welding of appearance of weld, which is characterized in that step
The speed of welding size welded in rapid 4 is 0.42m/min, and wire feed rate 2m/min, laser defocusing amount is 20mm, laser power
For 4kW, a diameter of 1.2mm of welding wire.
10. increasing welding penetration as described in claim 1 and improving the method for laser welding of appearance of weld, which is characterized in that
Cover welding uses the method that laser fills silk in step 4.
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| CN201810442565.3A CN108608115B (en) | 2018-05-10 | 2018-05-10 | Laser welding method for increasing welding penetration and improving weld formation |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110899974A (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-03-24 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Laser swing welding method for medium plate armored steel |
| CN112894141A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-06-04 | 天津修船技术研究所(中国船舶重工集团公司第六三一三研究所) | Laser welding method for special engine air inlet section component |
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