CN108608115B - Laser welding method for increasing welding penetration and improving weld formation - Google Patents
Laser welding method for increasing welding penetration and improving weld formation Download PDFInfo
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- CN108608115B CN108608115B CN201810442565.3A CN201810442565A CN108608115B CN 108608115 B CN108608115 B CN 108608115B CN 201810442565 A CN201810442565 A CN 201810442565A CN 108608115 B CN108608115 B CN 108608115B
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 173
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
- B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser welding method for increasing welding penetration and improving weld joint formation, wherein the side surfaces of two plates are ground flat, so that no obvious gap exists when the two plates are spliced, and the plates are cleaned, including the removal and splicing of surface oxide films and oil stains; measuring the groove gap by using a plug gauge, and prefabricating the groove gap to obtain a welding test plate with a prefabricated gap; protecting the welding pool by using protective gas, aligning the center of a protective gas outlet pipe to a laser spot, and then performing laser welding; and after pure laser welding at the upper part, performing cover surface welding on the depressed part on the surface of the welding seam. The invention can increase the laser welding penetration, thereby improving the welding efficiency and saving the energy consumption; meanwhile, the method also improves the back forming of the welding line and solves the forming problem that the back of the welding line is easy to generate flash during the high-power laser welding of the thick plate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser welding, in particular to a laser welding method for increasing welding penetration and improving weld joint formation.
Background
At present, the demand of the structure with higher performance and larger thickness in the industrial fields of nuclear power equipment, ocean engineering, ship manufacturing, petrochemical industry, aerospace and the like is increasingly greater in China, so the requirement on the thick plate welding technology is also increasingly higher. When thick plates are welded using conventional arc welding or gas shielded welding, there are many limitations such as low production efficiency, high production cost, large post-weld deformation, and the like. Compared with the traditional welding method, the high-energy-density laser welding has the characteristics of small integral heat input amount, high welding speed, larger depth-to-width ratio of a welding line, high welding precision and the like, can improve the production efficiency of enterprises, reduce the cost and improve the quality of processed products, so that the high-power laser welding method is more and more popularized and applied in the welding process of thick plates.
However, when a high-power laser is used to weld thick plates, the energy consumption of the laser due to metal vapor, heat conduction, molten pool metal overheating and the like generated in the welding process is lost to a certain extent, and the depth to which a light beam can penetrate downwards in a small deep-melting hole is limited by the power and the like, so that the penetration depth of laser welding is limited under a certain welding power. To further increase the penetration of the weld, one approach is to use a welding device with more laser power, which increases the welding cost and is subject to technical limitations. The other method is to improve the welding process, and by looking up data, it is found that there is a process in the literature which can obviously improve the weld penetration of laser welding, that is, a vacuum chamber negative pressure welding method is adopted, but because the welding method needs to be carried out in a chamber, the popularization and application of the welding method in the industrial field are affected. In addition, in the case of the thick plate laser welding, when the back of the weld is penetrated, defects such as flash are easily generated at the back of the weld, and thus a new welding process is required to improve the back forming of the weld.
Accordingly, those skilled in the art are devoted to developing a laser welding method for increasing the weld penetration and improving the weld formation, thereby achieving the effects of increasing the weld penetration and improving the weld formation
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to increase the weld penetration and improve the formation of the weld, and reduce the defects.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a laser welding method for increasing weld penetration and improving weld formation, comprising the steps of:
step 1: grinding the side surfaces of the two plates to enable the two plates to be spliced without obvious gaps, and cleaning the plates, including cleaning surface oxidation films and oil stains; and splicing the side surfaces of the two plates together to form an I-shaped butt welding groove.
Step 2: and measuring the groove gap by using a plug gauge, and prefabricating the groove gap to obtain a welding test plate with a prefabricated gap.
And step 3: and (4) adopting protective gas to protect the welding pool, aligning the center of the protective gas outlet pipe to the facula of the laser, and then carrying out laser welding.
And 4, step 4: and after pure laser welding at the upper part, performing cover surface welding on the depressed part on the surface of the welding seam.
And further, prefabricating a groove gap in the step 2, inserting a sheet between the two spliced plates, fixing the welded plates by using a clamp, fixing the two ends of the gap between the spliced plates by spot welding, and taking out the sheet between the gaps.
Further, the thickness of the sheet in step 2 is 0.1mm to 0.6 mm.
Further, the spot welding fixing in the step 2 adopts a laser spot welding mode.
Further, the pre-gap in step 2 is smaller than the diameter of the laser spot.
Further, the laser welding power of the laser welding in the step 3 is 10kW, the laser deflection angle is 7-10 degrees, and the defocusing amount of the laser is 0 mm.
Further, in the step 3, the protective gas outlet pipe is a copper pipe with the inner diameter of 8mm, the protective gas is nitrogen, the inclination angle of the copper pipe is 30-50 degrees, and the flow of the protective gas is 20L/min.
Further, the welding speed of the laser welding in the step 3 is 0.6m/min to 1.2 m/min.
Further, the welding speed of the welding in the step 4 is 0.42m/min, the wire feeding speed is 2m/min, the defocusing amount of the laser is 20mm, the laser power is 4kW, and the diameter of the welding wire is 1.2 mm.
Further, in the step 4, a laser wire filling method is adopted for cover surface welding.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) compared with gapless laser welding, the invention can greatly improve the penetration of the welding joint, and the penetration of the welding seam can be improved by 88 percent to the maximum extent under the condition that other welding parameters except the gap are kept consistent.
(2) The existence of the gap inhibits the generation of metal plume on one hand and reduces the energy consumption; on the other hand, the laser beam is promoted to be transmitted in the deep melting small hole, and the laser energy utilization rate is promoted.
(3) The presence of the gap can greatly improve the back forming of the weld. When no gap or a small gap is adopted, the back of the welding seam is easy to have the defect of welding beading, and the existence of a proper amount of gaps reduces the pressure inside the small hole, slows down the downward flowing speed of the melt on the front wall of the small hole and obtains good back forming, thereby solving the forming problem that the welding beading is easy to appear on the back of the welding seam during the high-power laser welding of the thick plate.
The conception, the specific structure and the technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings to fully understand the objects, the features and the effects of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a weld formation view after gap filler wire welding of the facing in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a prepared groove gap of a weld coupon according to one to five embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a welding process according to one to five embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a gapped weld in a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a gapless weld joint according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a gapped weld in a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a gapless weld joint according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a gapped weld in example III of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a gapless weld of example III of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a gapped weld in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a gapless weld of the fourth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a gapped weld in accordance with a fifth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a gapless weld of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of a weld after gap welding filler wire weld capping in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical contents of the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be more clearly and easily understood by referring to the drawings attached to the specification. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms of embodiments and the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
In the drawings, structurally identical elements are represented by like reference numerals, and structurally or functionally similar elements are represented by like reference numerals throughout the several views. The size and thickness of each component shown in the drawings are arbitrarily illustrated, and the present invention is not limited to the size and thickness of each component. The thickness of the components may be exaggerated where appropriate in the figures to improve clarity.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the laser welding method for increasing the weld penetration and improving the formation of the weld includes the steps of:
step 1: preparing a plate, namely a steel plate with the thickness of 16mm, grinding the side surface of the plate to be flat, splicing the two plates without an obvious gap, and cleaning the plate, including cleaning an oxide film on the surface and removing oil stains. And splicing the side surfaces of the two plates together to form an I-shaped butt welding groove.
Step 2: prefabricating a welding gap, namely filling a sheet 1 with the thickness specification of 0.1mm to 0.6mm between two spliced welding plates, fixing the welding plates by using a clamp, and then fixing the two welding plates by performing spot welding at two ends of the gap in a laser spot welding mode to form two spot welding points 3. And taking out the thin sheet 1 in the gap, thus obtaining the welding test plate with the prefabricated gap.
And step 3: the laser deep melting welding process adopts the laser welding equipment which is an optical fiber laser (IPG YLS-10000), the laser welding power is set to be 10kW, the laser deflection angle is 7 degrees to 10 degrees, the defocusing amount of laser is 0mm, a copper pipe with the inner diameter of 8mm is adopted to be filled with nitrogen, a welding molten pool is protected, the inclination angle of the copper pipe is 30 degrees to 50 degrees, the center of the pipe is aligned to a laser spot, the flow of protective gas is 20L/min, welding is carried out at a certain welding speed, and the welding speed is 0.6 m/min. The laser beam 2 is directed at the gap between the two welding test panels for welding.
And 4, step 4: in the laser cover surface welding process, after pure laser welding on the upper part, the surface of a welding line is slightly sunken, the sunken part is subjected to cover surface welding by a laser wire filling method, the welding speed is 0.42m/min, the wire feeding speed is 2m/min, the laser defocusing amount is 20mm, the laser power is 4kW, and the diameter of the welding wire is 1.2mm, so that the formed welding line is finally obtained.
And (3) obtaining a welded seam cross-sectional view as shown in figure 4 after the step 3 is completed. After step 4, the cap weld is obtained as shown in fig. 1 and the cross-sectional view of the weld after 4 steps is completed is shown in fig. 14.
To compare the effects of laser welding with and without a pre-gap, a control weld was performed following the same procedure except that the pre-gap step of step 2 was not performed. The cross section of the obtained welding line is shown in figure 5, and compared with two welding processes of gapless welding and gapless welding under the same working condition, the welding depth of the gapless welding line is obviously larger than that of the gapless welding line.
Example two:
the procedure of example two was the same as that of example one except that the welding speed in step 3 was 0.8 m/min. The cross-sectional view of the weld of example two is shown in figure 6.
To compare the effects of laser welding with and without a pre-gap, a control weld was performed following the same procedure except that the pre-gap step of step 2 was not performed. A cross-sectional view of a gapless weld seam was obtained as in figure 7. Compared with two welding processes of gapless welding and gapless welding under the same working condition, the weld penetration of the gapless welding is obviously larger than that of the gapless welding.
Example three:
the procedure of example three was the same as that of example one except that the welding speed in step 3 was 0.9 m/min. The cross-sectional view of the weld of example three is shown in fig. 8.
To compare the effects of laser welding with and without a pre-gap, a control weld was performed following the same procedure except that the pre-gap step of step 2 was not performed. A cross-sectional view of a gapless weld seam was obtained as in figure 9. Compared with two welding processes of gapless welding and gapless welding under the same working condition, the weld penetration of the gapless welding is obviously larger than that of the gapless welding.
Example four:
the procedure of example four was the same as that of example one except that the welding speed in step 3 was 1.0 m/min. The cross-sectional view of the weld of example four is shown in fig. 10.
To compare the effects of laser welding with and without a pre-gap, a control weld was performed following the same procedure except that the pre-gap step of step 2 was not performed. A cross-sectional view of a gapless weld seam is obtained as shown in FIG. 11. Compared with two welding processes of gapless welding and gapless welding under the same working condition, the weld penetration of the gapless welding is obviously larger than that of the gapless welding.
Example five:
the procedure of example five was the same as in example one except that the welding speed in step 3 was 1.2 m/min. The cross-sectional view of the weld of example five is shown in fig. 12.
To compare the effects of laser welding with and without a pre-gap, a control weld was performed following the same procedure except that the pre-gap step of step 2 was not performed. A cross-sectional view of a gapless weld seam was obtained as in figure 13. Compared with two welding processes of gapless welding and gapless welding under the same working condition, the weld penetration of the gapless welding is obviously larger than that of the gapless welding.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) compared with gapless laser welding, the invention can greatly improve the penetration of the welding joint, and the penetration of the welding seam can be improved by 88 percent to the maximum extent under the condition that other welding parameters except the gap are kept consistent.
(2) The existence of the gap inhibits the generation of metal plume on one hand and reduces the energy consumption; on the other hand, the laser beam is promoted to be transmitted in the deep melting small hole, and the laser energy utilization rate is promoted.
(3) The presence of the gap can greatly improve the back forming of the weld. When no gap or a small gap is adopted, the back of the welding seam is easy to have the defect of welding beading, and the existence of a proper amount of gaps reduces the pressure inside the small hole, slows down the downward flowing speed of the melt on the front wall of the small hole and obtains good back forming, thereby solving the forming problem that the welding beading is easy to appear on the back of the welding seam during the high-power laser welding of the thick plate.
Under the condition that the process requires that the weld penetration is the same, the welding power of the invention is low, namely, the energy consumption is reduced, and the cost is saved.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A laser welding method for increasing welding penetration and improving weld formation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: grinding the side surfaces of the two plates to be flat, so that no obvious gap exists when the two plates are spliced, cleaning the plates, including cleaning surface oxide films and oil stains, and splicing the side surfaces of the two plates together to form an I-shaped butt welding groove;
step 2: measuring the groove gap by using a plug gauge, and prefabricating the groove gap to obtain a welding test plate with a prefabricated gap;
and step 3: protecting the welding pool by using protective gas, aligning the center of a protective gas outlet pipe to a laser spot, and then performing laser welding;
and 4, step 4: after pure laser welding at the upper part, performing cover surface welding on the depressed part on the surface of the welding seam;
prefabricating a groove gap in the step 2, inserting a sheet between two spliced plates, fixing the welded plates by using a clamp, fixing two ends of the spliced gap of the plates by spot welding, and taking out the sheet between the gaps;
wherein the thickness of the slice in the step 2 is 0.1mm to 0.6 mm;
and 2, wherein the prefabricated gap in the step 2 is smaller than the diameter of the laser spot.
2. A laser welding method for increasing the weld penetration and improving the weld formation according to claim 1, wherein the spot welding fixation in step 2 is performed by means of laser spot welding.
3. A laser welding method for increasing the weld penetration and improving the weld formation according to claim 1, wherein the laser welding power of the laser welding in step 3 is 10kW, the laser deflection angle is 7 ° -10 °, and the defocusing amount of the laser is 0 mm.
4. A laser welding method for increasing the welding penetration and improving the weld joint formation according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the protective gas outlet pipe is a copper pipe with an inner diameter of 8mm, the protective gas is nitrogen, the inclination angle of the copper pipe is 30-50 degrees, and the flow rate of the protective gas is 20L/min.
5. A laser welding method for increasing the weld penetration and improving the weld formation according to claim 1, wherein the welding speed of the laser welding in step 3 is 0.6m/min to 1.2 m/min.
6. A laser welding method for increasing the weld penetration and improving the weld formation according to claim 1, wherein the welding speed of the welding in step 4 is 0.42m/min, the wire feeding speed is 2m/min, the laser defocusing amount is 20mm, the laser power is 4kW, and the diameter of the welding wire is 1.2 mm.
7. The laser welding method for increasing the weld penetration and improving the weld formation according to claim 1, wherein the laser wire filling method is adopted for the cover welding in the step 4.
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| CN112894141B (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2022-06-14 | 天津修船技术研究所(中国船舶重工集团公司第六三一三研究所) | Laser welding method for special engine air inlet section component |
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| JP4131375B2 (en) * | 2002-07-09 | 2008-08-13 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Bonding method of dissimilar metal materials |
| CN101817113A (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2010-09-01 | 安徽杭萧钢结构有限公司 | Suspended welding process of thick plate |
| CN103785932B (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2016-06-29 | 上海振华重工(集团)股份有限公司 | Cut deal I unclear welding procedure of type groove wide arc gap |
| CN103831533A (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2014-06-04 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | Titanium alloy laser-MIG composite welding method |
| CN103817439B (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2017-01-11 | 机械科学研究院哈尔滨焊接研究所 | Prefabricated welding material laser welding method capable of obviously improving joint tissue and stress state |
| CN104551403A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-04-29 | 广东省工业技术研究院(广州有色金属研究院) | Thick-plate narrow-gap laser scanning filler wire welding method |
| CN104607774A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-05-13 | 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 | Aluminum alloy car body bolster weld process for subway |
| CN105149786B (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2016-09-28 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of narrow gap laser photoscanning multilamellar self-melting and welding method based on prefabricated wlding |
| CN105397292B (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2017-06-20 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | The method for laser welding of TA15/Ti2AlNb foreign materials |
| CN105643104B (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2017-08-01 | 上海空间推进研究所 | The method for laser welding of accurate control weld penetration |
| CN107442939A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2017-12-08 | 安徽工业大学 | A kind of method of xenogenesis magnetic steel ultra-narrow seam laser welding |
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