CN108607671B - Dry type classification and separation method for construction waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a dry type classification and separation method for construction waste, which comprises the following steps: feeding and separating fine garbage; separating soft light garbage; a step of crushing and deironing; and separating light and heavy garbage. The sorting method has the advantages that the mechanisms in the whole sorting method separate different garbage, the efficiency of the whole sorting system is greatly improved, secondary classification and concentration are carried out on the light and heavy garbage, and the workload of workers is reduced.

Description

Dry type classification and separation method for construction waste

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of garbage treatment, in particular to a dry type classification and separation method for construction garbage.

Background

With the rapid development of urban construction, the process of removal and reconstruction brings a large amount of construction waste, which can be classified into: the garbage is composed of a variety of construction wastes including sand stones, concrete fragments, reinforcing steel bars, waste wood, waste decorative materials and the like. Because of the different types of materials, the volume and the texture are different, and the problems of poor screening and separation are often encountered when the materials are recycled.

To entangle rubbish such as soft packaging material and tiny plank that mixes in gravel and sand piece, concrete fragment, the separation mode is mainly for selection by winnowing or wet concentration, and the separation effect of selection by winnowing is not good, and the rubbish surface remains sewage after the wet concentration, causes extra sewage pollution, for example the patent: in the recycling treatment method (publication number: CN1022319722) of mixed municipal domestic garbage, light objects, plastic bags, paper, wood, leather and the like are manually sorted, classified and recycled, the manual sorting efficiency is too low, the working environment is poor, and the cost is gradually increased along with the increase of wages of workers. At present, the urban expansion speed is accelerated, the quantity of construction waste generated every day exceeds millions of tons, and the urgent need is to improve the separation efficiency.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a dry type classification and separation method for construction waste, which improves the waste separation efficiency.

The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:

a dry type classification and separation method for construction waste comprises the following steps:

a feeding and fine garbage separating step, namely placing the pretreated garbage on a feeding end of a vibrating feeder, vibrating the vibrating feeder, dispersing and jumping the garbage to advance, and filtering the fine garbage contained in the garbage from a fine garbage separating mechanism;

separating soft light garbage, namely, enabling the residual garbage to fall into a first sorting mechanism, wherein the contained soft light garbage is picked and separated by a soft light garbage grabbing device transversely arranged on the first sorting mechanism, and after the hard light garbage and the heavy garbage are classified and concentrated by a first classification and concentration mechanism, large hard light garbage is manually picked and primarily separated;

a step of crushing and deironing, wherein the residual garbage is conveyed into a crusher through a first conveying belt to be crushed, then falls into a second conveying belt from a crushing outlet of the crusher, and then is separated from the metal garbage through an iron remover arranged on the second conveying belt;

and in the light and heavy garbage separation step, the crushed garbage falls into the second sorting mechanism, then the crushed garbage is classified and concentrated by the second classification and concentration mechanism, the light garbage enters the light garbage secondary sorting mechanism, and the heavy garbage falls into the discharging belt.

Further, the steps of feeding and separating the fine garbage comprise

Collecting fine garbage: the fine garbage separating mechanism comprises a plurality of filter cells arranged at the tail end of the vibrating feeder, fine garbage moving to the tail end of the vibrating feeder enters a collecting cavity below the filter cells from the filter cells, then falls onto a fine garbage conveying belt, and is conveyed to a fine garbage collecting bin through the fine garbage conveying belt.

Further, the fine garbage collecting step includes

A fine metal garbage separation step: tiny rubbish that gets into the collection chamber is held by the electro-magnet through the electro-magnet, and other rubbish fall into tiny rubbish conveyer belt from the collection chamber, and after waiting to collect the tiny metal rubbish of a certain weight, vibrating feeder stop work opens the opening and closing mouth, and the electro-magnet outage, tiny metal rubbish is discharged from opening and closing the mouth, and opening and closing mouth is closed, and vibrating feeder continues to work.

Further, the soft light garbage separation step comprises a primary separation step:

the size of the pretreated garbage is smaller than 500mm, a first sorting table of a first sorting mechanism is driven by a second vibrating mechanism to vibrate and disperse the garbage on the first sorting table, a plurality of first separating belts on the surface of the first sorting table separate the garbage, the distance between the adjacent first separating belts is larger than 500mm, the garbage jumps and advances between the adjacent first separating belts, the flaky garbage is blocked by the first separating belts and advances along the first separating belts, the flaky garbage goes to a first outlet, the spherical garbage jumps the first separating belts and advances linearly, and the spherical garbage goes to a second outlet.

Further, the soft light garbage separation step comprises a hooking step: first sorting platform is with rubbish vibration separation, and evenly distributed is between the separation area, and the portion of getting a hook among the soft light rubbish grabbing device moves to first sorting platform top under the transmission of conveyer belt, and the soft light rubbish between the separation area is got to the hook, then leaves first sorting platform under the transmission of conveyer belt, and the soft light rubbish that the portion was got to the hook is unloaded through the manual work or discharge apparatus at the end of conveyer belt and is unloaded.

Further, the light and heavy garbage separation step comprises the following steps:

the size of the garbage crushed in the crushing step is smaller than 200mm, the crushed garbage is conveyed by a second conveying belt and falls on a second sorting table, the second sorting table of a second sorting mechanism is driven by a third vibrating mechanism to vibrate and disperse the garbage on the second sorting table, a plurality of second separating belts on the surface of the second sorting table separate the garbage, the distance between every two adjacent second separating belts is larger than 200mm, the garbage jumps between every two adjacent second separating belts and advances, the flaky light garbage is blocked by the second separating belts and advances along the second separating belts and is gathered at a light garbage outlet, the heavy garbage is close to a spherical shape after being crushed, and the second separating belts jump to advance linearly and move to a discharge port.

Further, the light garbage and heavy garbage separation step comprises a light garbage secondary separation step:

slice light rubbish gets into light rubbish secondary letter sorting mechanism from the light rubbish export, fall on the tiling bench, the tiling bench vibrates under fourth vibration mechanism's effect, make the light rubbish of slice tiling at the tiling bench, drop from the terminal mouth that drops of tiling bench in proper order, then blow to light rubbish collection bin by the mouth of blowing of the mouth below that drops, different weight, the light rubbish of different shapes is different by the motion orbit of blowing, the motion orbit is short to be blockked the whereabouts by the baffle of the take the altitude that light rubbish collection bin middle part set up, the long baffle of crossing of motion orbit is concentrated in light rubbish collection bin inboard.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the vibrating feeder with the fine garbage separating mechanism is used for uniformly feeding and simultaneously separating the pretreated construction garbage into fine garbage, so that the sorting efficiency is improved;

(2) the garbage on the vibrating feeder falls into the first sorting mechanism, the soft light garbage in the garbage is separated by the soft light garbage grabbing mechanism, and the light garbage and the heavy garbage are classified and concentrated by the first classification and concentration mechanism, so that the sorting efficiency is improved;

(3) the garbage after primary sorting is crushed again by the crusher, the size is smaller, the metal garbage contained in the garbage is separated by the iron remover in the subsequent transportation process, and then the metal garbage enters the second sorting mechanism to perform secondary separation of light garbage and heavy garbage and secondary sorting of light garbage;

in the whole sorting method, different garbage is separated by each mechanism, so that the efficiency of the whole sorting system is greatly improved, and meanwhile, light and heavy garbage is subjected to secondary classification and concentration, so that the workload of workers is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system to which the method of the present invention is applied;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of another exemplary system for implementing the method of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of a vibratory feeder according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a vibratory feeder of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of another angle configuration of a vibratory feeder of an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic front structural view of a vibrating feeder according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic top view of a dry soft light garbage sorting table according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a dry soft light garbage sorting table according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of another angle of the dry soft light garbage sorting table according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a third embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 14 is a schematic structural view of a hooking portion according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 15 is a schematic structural view of a secondary sorting mechanism for light garbage according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 16 is a schematic structural view of another angle of the light garbage secondary sorting mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a block diagram of a method according to an embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description, and it should be noted that any combination of the embodiments or technical features described below can be used to form a new embodiment without conflict.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, for the terms of orientation, such as "central", "lateral", "longitudinal", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., it indicates that the orientation and positional relationship shown in the drawings are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated without limiting the specific scope of protection of the present invention.

Furthermore, if the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, they are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features. Thus, a definition of "a first" or "a second" feature may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features, and in the description of the invention, "a number" means two or more unless explicitly defined otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "assembled", "connected", and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; or may be a mechanical connection; the two elements can be directly connected or connected through an intermediate medium, and the two elements can be communicated with each other. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific situations.

The soft light garbage comprises plastic films, fibrous garbage, rope-shaped garbage and the like, the building garbage generally comprises heavy garbage and light garbage, the light garbage comprises ropes, plastic films, waste cloth, waste wood pieces, plastic plates, foam plates, leather pieces and the like, and the heavy garbage comprises gravel blocks, concrete fragments, metal garbage and the like.

A dry type classification and separation method for construction waste comprises the following steps:

901. a feeding and fine garbage separating step, namely placing the pretreated garbage on a feeding end of a vibrating feeder, vibrating the vibrating feeder, dispersing and jumping the garbage to advance, and filtering the fine garbage contained in the garbage from a fine garbage separating mechanism;

902. separating soft light garbage, namely, enabling the residual garbage to fall into a first sorting mechanism, wherein the contained soft light garbage is picked and separated by a soft light garbage grabbing device transversely arranged on the first sorting mechanism, and after the hard light garbage and the heavy garbage are classified and concentrated by a first classification and concentration mechanism, large hard light garbage is manually picked and primarily separated;

903. a step of crushing and deironing, wherein the residual garbage is conveyed into a crusher through a first conveying belt to be crushed, then falls into a second conveying belt from a crushing outlet of the crusher, and then is separated from the metal garbage through an iron remover arranged on the second conveying belt;

904. and in the light and heavy garbage separation step, the crushed garbage falls into the second sorting mechanism, then the crushed garbage is classified and concentrated by the second classification and concentration mechanism, the light garbage enters the light garbage secondary sorting mechanism, and the heavy garbage falls into the discharging belt.

According to the sorting method, the vibrating feeder with the fine garbage separating mechanism is used for uniformly feeding and separating the fine garbage from the pretreated construction garbage, so that the sorting efficiency is improved; the garbage on the vibrating feeder falls into the first sorting mechanism, the soft light garbage in the garbage is separated by the soft light garbage grabbing mechanism, and the light garbage and the heavy garbage are classified and concentrated by the first classification and concentration mechanism, so that the sorting efficiency is improved; the garbage after primary sorting is crushed again by the crusher, the size is smaller, the metal garbage contained in the garbage is separated by the iron remover in the subsequent transportation process, and then the metal garbage enters the second sorting mechanism to perform secondary separation of light garbage and heavy garbage and secondary sorting of light garbage; in the whole sorting method, different garbage is separated by each mechanism, so that the efficiency of the whole sorting system is greatly improved, and meanwhile, light and heavy garbage is subjected to secondary classification and concentration, so that the workload of workers is reduced.

The method is realized based on the following sorting system:

as shown in figures 1 and 2, the construction waste dry-type sorting system comprises

The device comprises a vibrating feeder 1, wherein a fine garbage separating mechanism is arranged on the vibrating feeder 1;

the first sorting mechanism comprises a first sorting table 3, a soft light garbage grabbing mechanism and a first classification and concentration mechanism, and the soft light garbage grabbing device 2 is transversely arranged above the first sorting mechanism;

the crusher 5 is arranged behind the first sorting mechanism, receives the garbage falling from the first sorting mechanism through the first conveying belt 4, and a second conveying belt 41 is arranged below the crushing outlet;

an iron remover 6 disposed above the second conveyor belt 41;

the second sorting mechanism is arranged at the tail end of the second conveying belt 41 and comprises a second sorting platform 7, a second sorting concentration mechanism and a light garbage secondary sorting mechanism 8, the tail end of the second sorting mechanism is connected with a material outlet belt 42, and the second sorting concentration mechanism is respectively butted with the light garbage secondary sorting mechanism 8 and the material outlet belt 42.

Wherein 901, the steps of feeding and fine garbage separation comprise

9011. Collecting fine garbage: the fine garbage separating mechanism comprises a plurality of filter cells arranged at the tail end of the vibrating feeder, fine garbage moving to the tail end of the vibrating feeder enters a collecting cavity below the filter cells from the filter cells, then falls onto a fine garbage conveying belt, and is conveyed to a fine garbage collecting bin through the fine garbage conveying belt.

9011. The fine garbage collection step comprises

9012. A fine metal garbage separation step: tiny rubbish that gets into the collection chamber is held by the electro-magnet through the electro-magnet, and other rubbish fall into tiny rubbish conveyer belt from the collection chamber, and after waiting to collect the tiny metal rubbish of a certain weight, vibrating feeder stop work opens the opening and closing mouth, and the electro-magnet outage, tiny metal rubbish is discharged from opening and closing the mouth, and opening and closing mouth is closed, and vibrating feeder continues to work.

More specifically, as shown in fig. 3, a vibrating feeder 1 includes a receiving table 110 and a vibrating table 120 disposed below the receiving table 110, a first vibrating mechanism 130 is connected to the vibrating table 120, the vibrating table 120 is driven by the first vibrating mechanism 130 to vibrate, a fine garbage separating mechanism is a plurality of filter cells 121 disposed on the vibrating table 120, a collecting cavity 140 for collecting fine garbage is disposed below the filter cells 121, and a discharging end is disposed at an end of the vibrating table 120. Vibration feeder table is as the charging equipment of whole rubbish letter sorting system, vibrate rubbish in the material loading, make the rubbish distribution on the shaking table 120 even, when passing through the filter chamber 121, tiny rubbish wherein drops from the filter chamber 121, large-scale rubbish reaches the terminal unloading of shaking table 120, get into follow-up equipment and sort, and simultaneously, because the shaking table 120 lasts the vibration, tiny rubbish can not glue and block the filter chamber 121 in the filter chamber 121 inboard, tiny rubbish that drops from the filter chamber 121 gets into the collection chamber 140 under the filter chamber 121, carry out follow-up processing and collection. In order to facilitate loading, garbage firstly falls on the material receiving table 110 and then slides on the material receiving table 110 to the vibrating table 120, so that garbage is prevented from bouncing and splashing due to the fact that garbage directly falls on the vibrating table 120, the material receiving table 110 comprises a material receiving inclined plane 111 and material blocking plates 112 arranged on the left side, the right side and the rear side of the material receiving inclined plane 111, and the material blocking plates 112 are arranged in an outward inclined mode.

The fine garbage in the embodiment includes fine stones, mud, dirt, fine metal fragments and the like.

Since the vibration table 120 keeps vibrating while receiving garbage, in order to extend the service life of the vibration table 120, a reinforcing mechanism 122 is provided at the bottom of the vibration table 120, and more specifically, the reinforcing mechanism 122 includes fixed side plates 123 provided at both sides of the bottom of the vibration table 120 and an i-beam 124 provided at the bottom of the vibration table 120.

As shown in fig. 3 and 6, since the i-beam 124 is provided, the filter 121 cannot be machined on the upper surface of the vibration table 120 at a position corresponding to the i-beam 124, in order to ensure that all the garbage can pass through the filter 121, a distributing block 125 is provided on the upper surface of the vibration table 120 at a position corresponding to the i-beam 124, a plurality of filter 121 are arranged side by side on both sides of the distributing block 125, the garbage is vibrated and spread on the vibration table 120, when the garbage jumps to the distributing block 125, the garbage is distributed to both sides by the distributing block 125, and the fine garbage is filtered and separated by the filter 121, more specifically, the distributing block 125 is a "V" block, an opening is arranged toward the end of the vibration table 120, and the width is consistent with the width of the i-beam 124.

In this embodiment, in order to ensure complete separation of fine garbage and uniform spreading, the vibrating table 120 includes a horizontally disposed vibrating plane 126 or a vibrating plane 126 with an inclination angle smaller than 10 ° to reduce the advancing speed of the garbage, so that the garbage stays on the vibrating plane 126 and the filter tank 121 for a longer time, meanwhile, baffles 127 are disposed on both sides of the vibrating plane 126 to collect the garbage between the baffles 127, the filter tank 121 is also uniformly disposed between the two baffles 127, and meanwhile, the filter tank 121 is disposed at the end of the vibrating plane 126 in consideration of the volume of the collecting cavity 140, so that the garbage reaching the end is uniformly spread, and fine garbage is conveniently filtered.

As shown in fig. 5, the vibration is realized by means of a first vibration mechanism 130, the first vibration mechanism 130 comprises an excitation motor 131 and first vibration elastic members 132 arranged at four corners of the vibration table 120, the excitation motor 131 is arranged at the bottom of the vibration table 120 and connected with the bottom of the vibration table 120 through a mounting frame 133, more specifically, arranged at the middle of the bottom of the vibration table 120, the garbage on the vibration table 120 can move towards the direction of a vibration source, the two excitation motors 131 are respectively arranged at two sides of an i-beam 124, and the amplitude of the excitation motor 131 is 8mm-10 mm.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the collecting chamber 140 may be connected to the vibrating table 120, which is beneficial for the fine garbage in the collecting chamber 140 to fall on the fine garbage conveyer belt 142, in this embodiment, the collecting chamber 140 is separated from the vibrating table 120, the collecting chamber 140 is not affected by the vibrating table 120, the collecting chamber 140 includes a fine garbage outlet 141, the fine garbage conveyer belt 142 is disposed at the fine garbage outlet 141, the fine garbage is collected and treated in a centralized manner, meanwhile, the iron removing mechanism 143 is disposed at the bottom of the collecting chamber 140, the collecting chamber 140 is not affected by vibration, so that the fine metallic garbage adsorbed on the iron removing mechanism 143 is not dropped by vibration and is mixed into the fine garbage again, more specifically, the iron removing mechanism 143 includes an electromagnet 144 and an opening/closing opening 145, the opening/closing opening 145 is associated with the electromagnet 144, and has a first state that the electromagnet 144 is closed and a second state that the electromagnet 144, the fine garbage entering the collection cavity 140 passes through the electromagnet 144, the fine metal garbage is sucked by the electromagnet 144, other garbage falls into the fine garbage conveying belt 142 from the collection cavity 140, after the fine metal garbage with a certain weight is collected, the vibrating feeder 1 stops working, the opening and closing opening 145 is opened, the electromagnet 144 is powered off, the fine metal garbage is discharged from the opening and closing opening 145, the opening and closing opening 145 is closed, and the vibrating feeder 1 continues working. And a containing box 146 is arranged below the opening and closing opening and used for containing fine metal garbage.

Then, 902, the soft light garbage separation step comprises

9021. Primary separation step: the size of the pretreated garbage is smaller than 500mm, a first sorting table of a first sorting mechanism is driven by a second vibrating mechanism to vibrate and disperse the garbage on the first sorting table, a plurality of first separating belts on the surface of the first sorting table separate the garbage, the distance between the adjacent first separating belts is larger than 500mm, the garbage jumps and advances between the adjacent first separating belts, the flaky garbage is blocked by the first separating belts and advances along the first separating belts, the flaky garbage goes to a first outlet, the spherical garbage jumps the first separating belts and advances linearly, and the spherical garbage goes to a second outlet.

Meanwhile, 902, the soft light garbage separation step also comprises

9022. A hooking step: first sorting platform is with rubbish vibration separation, and evenly distributed is between the separation area, and the portion of getting a hook among the soft light rubbish grabbing device moves to first sorting platform top under the transmission of conveyer belt, and the soft light rubbish between the separation area is got to the hook, then leaves first sorting platform under the transmission of conveyer belt, and the soft light rubbish that the portion was got to the hook is unloaded through the manual work or discharge apparatus at the end of conveyer belt and is unloaded.

The steps are realized by the following equipment:

the end of the vibrating feeder 1 corresponds to the first sorting mechanism, the first sorting mechanism includes a first sorting table 3, a soft light garbage grabbing mechanism and a first classification concentration mechanism, as shown in fig. 7, the soft light garbage grabbing device 2 is horizontally arranged above the first sorting table 3, the first sorting table 3 is connected with a second vibrating mechanism 310 for driving the first sorting table 3 to vibrate, the upper surface of the first sorting table 3 is provided with a plurality of first separating belts 320 with a certain height, which are the first classification concentration mechanism, the first separating belts 320 are arranged side by side, and include a turning part 321 facing the side of the first sorting table 3 and a first outlet 322 arranged at the end of the turning part 321, and the end of the first sorting table 3 is provided with a second outlet 323. The garbage to be sorted on the first sorting table 3 is uniformly spread by using the first separating belt 320 on the first sorting table 3 which can vibrate, the garbage is positioned between the first separating belts 320, the soft light garbage in the garbage is grabbed by using the soft light garbage grabbing device 2 transversely arranged above the first sorting table 3, the motion modes of different solid garbage on the vibrating table 120 are different along with the difference of shape and weight, the fibrous garbage and the flaky garbage are different through sliding, jumping amplitude is small, the spherical garbage has three motion modes of sliding, rolling and jumping, jumping amplitude is large, the light garbage in the construction garbage is generally paper, plastic fragments, decorative cloth, wood boards and the like, the shape is close to the shape of the flaky garbage, the jumping height of the flaky light garbage is not high and is blocked by the first separating belt 320 with a certain height, therefore, the light garbage advances along the first separating belt 320 and is concentrated to the first outlet 322 on the side face of the first sorting table 3 through the turning part 321, the sorting machine can be used for manually sorting to separate light garbage with larger volume, other garbage is collected and treated in a centralized way, and a large amount of garbage is dispersed because the sorting table is driven by the vibrating device to vibrate continuously, so that the soft light garbage can be conveniently grabbed by the soft light garbage grabbing device and can be conveniently sorted by workers; the heavy garbage in the construction garbage is generally muddy soil blocks, stones and the like, after pretreatment, the size is small, the shape is also close to spherical, and the jumping capability of the spherical heavy garbage is good, so that the heavy garbage can go forward beyond the first separation belt 320 and is concentrated to the second outlet 323 at the tail end of the first sorting table 3, and the light garbage and the heavy garbage are separated.

More specifically, as shown in fig. 7, the initial end of the first sorting table 3 is a feeding end, and the initial section 324 of the first separating belt 320 at the initial end of the first sorting table 3 is a strip-shaped block, and the surface of the initial end of the first sorting table 3 is distributed side by side, and when the garbage enters the initial end of the first sorting table 3, the garbage is separated by the first separating belt 320 and then jumps under the vibration of the second vibration mechanism 310. As for the specific shape of the turning part 321, as shown in fig. 7, the turning part may be an arc-shaped stopper concentrically distributed on the surface of the first sorting table 3, or a straight stopper obliquely arranged toward the side surface of the first sorting table 3 may be arranged side by side on the surface of the first sorting table 3. Preferably, the arc-shaped stop block is adopted in the embodiment, so that smooth transition is realized, garbage accumulation is prevented, and the first sorting platform 3 is smaller in volume and small in occupied area.

As shown in fig. 8-12, the soft light garbage gripping device 2 transversely disposed above the first sorting platform 3 includes a closed-loop conveying belt 210, the conveying belt 210 is driven by a rotating motor 211 to rotate, the hooking portions 220 disposed on the surface of the conveying belt 210 penetrate the garbage to be sorted one by one, an elastic expansion mechanism 230 is disposed between the hooking portions 220 and the conveying belt 210 to expand and contract the hooking portions 220 relative to the conveying belt 210, and when large garbage with large size is encountered, the garbage contacts with the large garbage, the garbage is avoided by the elastic expansion mechanism 230, and the hooking portions 220 are prevented from being damaged, so that the hooking portions 220 have a first state perpendicular to the surface of the conveying belt 210 and a second state of forced displacement under the action of the elastic expansion mechanism 230. The top end of the hooking part 220 is provided with a bending part 221, in order to facilitate hooking of the soft light garbage, the bending part 221 is arranged towards the advancing direction of the conveying belt 210, and in the process that the conveying belt 210 drives the hooking part 220 to advance, the bending part 221 is inserted into the garbage to be sorted, and the soft light garbage is hooked. The height of the first separating belt is about 5 mm.

More specifically, as shown in fig. 14, the elastic stretching mechanism 230 includes an elastic member 231, one end of the elastic member 231 is connected to the hooking portion 220, and the other end is fixed to the conveyor belt 210, the elastic member 231 is perpendicular to the surface of the conveyor belt 210 when the hooking portion 220 is in the first state, and the elastic member 231 is deformed by force when the hooking portion 220 is in the second state. When the hooking part 220 is not stressed, the elastic member 231 is perpendicular to the surface of the conveying belt 210, the hooking part 220 is also perpendicular to the surface of the conveying belt 210, when the hooking part 220 touches the obstacle, the top end is stressed, the elastic member 231 is stressed and deformed, the hooking part 220 deviates or shrinks and deforms, the obstacle is avoided, the hooking part 220 is prevented from being damaged, and the soft light garbage is normally hooked.

In this embodiment, the elastic member is a compression spring, as shown in fig. 14, one end of the compression spring is fixedly connected to the conveyer belt through a fixing plate 232, the other end of the compression spring is connected to the hooking portion through a locking member 223 on the hooking portion, the end of the hooking portion is inserted into the compression spring, and locking members 223 are disposed on two sides of the hooking portion and are embedded into a spring ring of the compression spring. When the hooking portion is stressed, the compression spring can compress or deflect sideways, thereby driving the hooking portion to avoid large stones or other hard obstacles. The fixing plate 232 is fixed to the conveyor belt by screws.

Meanwhile, since the first separating belts 320 having a certain height are disposed on the first sorting table 3, the hooking portion 220 is not prevented from colliding with the first separating belts 320 during movement, which results in hooking failure, and the second vibrating mechanism 310 is in linkage fit with the conveying belt 210, so that the hooking portion 220 is located between the two first separating belts 320 when the first sorting table 3 is popped up. Specifically, by adjusting the vibration frequency of the second vibration mechanism 310, the moving speed of the conveying belt 210 and the distribution distance of the hooking part 220 on the conveying belt 210, when the first sorting table 3 is popped up by the second vibration mechanism 310, the top end of the hooking part 220 is located between the adjacent first separating belts 320, contacts with the trash located between the two first separating belts 320, hooks the soft light trash therein, and then leaves the first sorting table 3 by the driving of the conveying belt 210.

As shown in fig. 11-13, the conveyor 210 starts at the gripping end 212 and ends at the discharging end 213, and the discharging manner is various, and automatic discharging or manual discharging can be adopted, so that the discharging end 213 is provided with a discharging device 240 or a manual discharging station.

As shown in fig. 11, in the second embodiment, the discharging device 240 includes a downwardly inclined discharging belt 241 at the end of the conveying belt 210, and when the hooking unit 220 is conveyed to the discharging belt 241, the bending unit 221 is downwardly inclined, and the soft light trash is separated from the bending unit 221 by gravity and falls down. In order to further improve the discharging efficiency, the discharging device 240 includes a fan 242 disposed below the discharging belt 241, the air outlet direction of the fan 242 is the same as the inclined direction of the bending portion 221, when the hooking portion 220 is conveyed to the discharging belt 241, the soft light garbage hooked on the bending portion 221 is blown off by the fan 242, and then separated from the bending portion 221, and the fall is concentrated. In addition, the hooking part 220 comprises a bending part 221 and a straight part 222, the included angle between the bending part 221 and the straight part 222 is larger than 90 degrees, when the bending part 221 is inclined downwards, the inclined angle is larger, and the soft light garbage is easier to fall.

In the third embodiment shown in fig. 12, the discharging device 240 includes a discharging wheel 243 disposed at the end of the conveying belt 210, a discharging crochet 244 is disposed on the discharging wheel 243, the discharging crochet 244 enters between the hooking parts 220 to obtain the soft light garbage when rotating, a discharging hook 245 is disposed on the discharging crochet 244, and the bending direction of the discharging hook 245 is the same as the rotating direction of the discharging wheel 243. When the hooking parts 220 with the soft light garbage rotate to the position of the discharging wheel 243, the discharging crochet needle 244 enters among the hooking parts 220, the discharging hook part 245 hooks the soft light garbage, then the discharging wheel 243 continues to rotate, the soft light garbage is taken away by the discharging hook part 245, after the soft light garbage rotates 180 degrees, the discharging hook part 245 faces downwards, and the soft light garbage falls off. When the direction of rotation of the discharge wheel 243 is opposite to that of the conveyor belt 210, when the hooking part 220 interferes with the discharge crochet needle 244 during installation, the directions of the bending part 221 and the discharge hook part 245 are both upward; if the direction of rotation of the discharge wheel 243 is the same as the direction of rotation of the conveyor belt 210, the curved portion 221 faces upward and the discharge hook portion 245 faces downward when the hooking portion 220 interferes with the discharge hook needle 244. As shown in fig. 12, the direction of rotation of the discharge wheel 243 is opposite to that of the conveyor belt 210, and the discharge fan 246 is disposed above the downward side of the discharge hook 245 on the discharge wheel 243 to accelerate the discharge.

In addition, because dry-type sorting machine is in the vibration state all the time, the raise dust appears easily, pollutes operational environment, influences workman's healthy, consequently, including humidification mechanism 250 in this embodiment, produces the spraying, and whole environment humidification reduces the raise dust. In order to improve the success rate of hooking soft light garbage, the bending portion 221 can be kept wet to facilitate the sticking of the light garbage on the plastic film, and therefore, as shown in fig. 13, a humidifying mechanism 250 is arranged above the starting end of the conveying belt 210, a water spray opening 251 of the humidifying mechanism 250 is arranged towards the first sorting table, and a humidifying spray is sprayed from the water spray opening 251 of the humidifying mechanism 250, so that the bending portion 221 is in a wet state before hooking, excessive moisture is not generated, sewage pollution is avoided, and dust raising is avoided. In addition, a humidifying mechanism can also be arranged at the second sorting platform.

As shown in fig. 9, the second vibration mechanism 310 includes a vibration motor 311 and second vibration elastic members 312 disposed at four corners of the first sorting table 3, and the vibration motor 311 is disposed at the middle of the bottom of the first sorting table 3 and connected to the first sorting table 3 through a mounting bracket 133. More specifically, the vibration motor 311 is disposed at the middle of the bottom of the first sorting table 3, the waste on the first sorting table 3 moves toward the vibration source, in addition, the first sorting table 3 keeps vibrating while bearing the waste, in order to prolong the service life of the first sorting table 3, the bottom of the first sorting table 3 is provided with a reinforcement assembly 313, the reinforcement assembly 313 includes reinforcement side plates 314 disposed at both sides of the first sorting table 3 and a reinforcement beam 315 disposed at the middle of the bottom of the first sorting table 3, two vibration motors 311 are respectively disposed at both sides of the reinforcement beam 315, and the vibration amplitude of the vibration motors 311 is 5mm to 10 mm.

Meanwhile, as shown in fig. 7, the first sorting table 3 is provided with a first conveyor belt 4 at the end, the second outlet 323 is provided with a guide groove 325 for guiding the garbage onto the first conveyor belt 4, the construction garbage collected by the preliminary screening and containing most of the heavy garbage is guided onto the first conveyor belt 4 from the guide groove 325 on the second outlet 323, and the subsequent sorting operation is continued. The wide connecting part of the guide groove 325 and the first sorting table 3 and the narrow part above the first conveyor belt 4 make the garbage gathered on the first conveyor belt 4, which is convenient for transportation.

Then, the garbage enters 903, the crushing and iron removing steps, the crusher 5 in this embodiment is a jaw crusher 5, and the iron remover 6 are all the prior art, and therefore will not be described in detail herein, and as shown in fig. 1, the first conveying belt 4, the second conveying belt 41, and the discharging belt 42 disposed behind the second sorting mechanism are all disposed to be inclined upward, and the volume of the garbage falling from the first sorting mechanism is larger, so as shown in fig. 2, the first conveying belt 4 is provided with a friction block 43 for increasing the friction force between the garbage and the conveying belts.

Then, the crushed garbage enters 904 and the light and heavy garbage is separated.

904. The light and heavy garbage separation step comprises the following steps:

9041. and a secondary separation step, wherein the size of the garbage crushed in the crushing step is smaller than 200mm, the crushed garbage is conveyed by a second conveying belt and falls on a second sorting table, the second sorting table of a second sorting mechanism is driven by a third vibration mechanism to vibrate and disperse the garbage on the second sorting table, a plurality of second separation belts on the surface of the second sorting table separate the garbage, the distance between the adjacent second separation belts is larger than 200mm, the garbage jumps between the adjacent second separation belts and advances forward, the flaky light garbage is blocked by the second separation belts and advances along the second separation belts, the heavy garbage is gathered at a light garbage outlet, the heavy garbage is close to a spherical shape after being crushed, the second separation belts are skipped to advance linearly and go to a discharge port.

The garbage conveyed by the first conveying belt 4 enters the jaw crusher 5 to be crushed again, the size of the garbage is reduced again, the crushed garbage falls on the second conveying belt 41, after metal garbage is separated by the iron remover 6, the garbage is conveyed to the second sorting mechanism, the size of the garbage crushed by the crushing step is smaller than 200mm, the second sorting mechanism is arranged at the tail end of the second conveying belt 41 and comprises a second sorting table 7, a second sorting and concentrating mechanism and a light garbage secondary sorting mechanism 8, the second sorting table 7 has the same structure with the first sorting table 3, the second sorting and concentrating mechanism has the same structure with the first sorting and concentrating mechanism, namely, the second sorting table 7 is connected with a third vibrating mechanism 713 for driving the second sorting table 7 to vibrate, the second sorting and concentrating mechanism comprises a plurality of second separating belts 710 with certain height arranged on the surface of the second sorting table 7, the second separating belts 710 are arranged side by side and comprise light garbage outlets 711 facing the side surfaces of the second sorting tables 7 and discharge outlets 712 facing the tail ends of the second sorting tables 7, the classification concentration principle of the second separating belts is the same as that of the first sorting tables 3, the second separating belts 710 on the surfaces of the second sorting tables 7 separate the garbage, the distance between the adjacent second separating belts 710 is larger than 200mm, the garbage jumps between the adjacent second separating belts 710 to advance, the flaky light garbage is blocked by the second separating belts 710 and advances along the second separating belts 710 to be gathered at the light garbage outlets 711, the heavy garbage is crushed and then approaches a spherical shape, jumps over the second separating belts 710 to advance linearly, goes to the discharge outlets 712, falls onto the output belts and is transferred to other places to be subjected to subsequent treatment.

Meanwhile, 904, the light garbage and heavy garbage separation step comprises

9042. Secondary separation of light garbage: slice light rubbish gets into light rubbish secondary letter sorting mechanism from the light rubbish export, fall on the tiling bench, the tiling bench vibrates under fourth vibration mechanism's effect, make the light rubbish of slice tiling at the tiling bench, drop from the terminal mouth that drops of tiling bench in proper order, then blow to light rubbish collection bin by the mouth of blowing of the mouth below that drops, different weight, the light rubbish of different shapes is different by the motion orbit of blowing, the motion orbit is short to be blockked the whereabouts by the baffle of the take the altitude that light rubbish collection bin middle part set up, the long baffle of crossing of motion orbit is concentrated in light rubbish collection bin inboard.

As shown in fig. 15 and 16, a light garbage secondary sorting mechanism 8 is arranged on one side of the second sorting table 7, the light garbage secondary sorting mechanism 8 is in butt joint with a light garbage outlet 711, the light garbage secondary sorting mechanism comprises a flat laying table 810 and a fourth vibrating mechanism 811 for driving the flat laying table 810 to vibrate, a dropping port 812 for dropping the light garbage is arranged at the tail end of the flat laying table 810, a light garbage collecting bin 813 is arranged behind the dropping port 812, an air blowing port 814 is arranged below the tail end of the flat laying table 810, the air blowing direction of the air blowing port 814 is arranged towards the light garbage collecting bin 813, and a partition 815 with a certain height and used for separating the light garbage with different qualities is arranged in the middle of the light garbage collecting bin. The flaky light garbage concentrated on the light garbage outlet 711 enters the light garbage secondary sorting mechanism 8 from the light garbage outlet 711, falls on the flat laying table 810, the flat laying table 810 vibrates under the action of the fourth vibrating mechanism 811, so that the flaky light garbage is flatly laid on the flat laying table 810, sequentially falls from a falling port 812 at the tail end of the flat laying table 810, and is blown to the light garbage collecting bin 813 by a blowing port 814 below the falling port 812, the light garbage with different weights and different shapes has different blowing motion tracks, the light garbage with short motion track is blocked by a partition 815 with a certain height arranged in the middle of the light garbage collecting bin 813, and the light garbage with long motion track passes through the partition 815 and is concentrated on the inner side of the light garbage collecting bin 813. As shown in fig. 16, the air blowing port 814 is connected to a sorting fan 816, and the sorting fan 816 blows air into the air blowing port 814.

The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A dry type classification and separation method for construction waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:

a feeding and fine garbage separating step, namely placing the pretreated garbage on a feeding end of a vibrating feeder, vibrating the vibrating feeder, dispersing and jumping the garbage to advance, and filtering the fine garbage contained in the garbage from a fine garbage separating mechanism;

soft light garbage separation step, the rest garbage falls into a first sorting mechanism, the first sorting mechanism comprises a first sorting table, a soft light garbage gripping device and a first classification concentration mechanism, the soft light garbage contained in the soft light garbage is gripped and separated by the soft light garbage gripping device transversely arranged on the first sorting mechanism, large hard light garbage is preliminarily separated by manual picking after the hard light garbage and heavy garbage are classified and concentrated by the first classification concentration mechanism, wherein the soft light garbage gripping device comprises a closed conveying belt, a hooking part for gripping and separating the garbage is connected onto the conveying belt, an elastic telescopic mechanism for enabling the hooking part to stretch relative to the conveying belt is arranged between the hooking part and the conveying belt, the hooking part has a first state vertical to the surface of the conveying belt under the action of the elastic telescopic mechanism and a second state of forced displacement, the first classification concentration mechanism comprises a plurality of first separation belts arranged on the first sorting table, the first separation belts are arranged side by side and comprise turning parts facing the side surfaces of the first sorting platforms and first outlets arranged at the tail ends of the turning parts, and second outlets are arranged at the tail ends of the first sorting platforms;

a step of crushing and deironing, wherein the residual garbage is conveyed into a crusher through a first conveying belt to be crushed, then falls into a second conveying belt from a crushing outlet of the crusher, and then is separated from the metal garbage through an iron remover arranged on the second conveying belt;

separating light garbage and heavy garbage, wherein the crushed garbage falls into a second sorting mechanism, then the light garbage is classified and concentrated by a second classification concentration mechanism, the light garbage enters a light garbage secondary sorting mechanism, the heavy garbage falls into a discharging belt, the second sorting mechanism comprises a second sorting table, a second classification concentration mechanism and a light garbage secondary sorting mechanism, the tail end of the second sorting mechanism is connected with the discharging belt, the second classification concentration mechanism is respectively butted with the light garbage secondary sorting mechanism and the discharging belt, the second classification concentration mechanism comprises a plurality of second separating belts arranged on the surface of the second sorting table, the second separating belts are arranged side by side and comprise light garbage outlets facing the side surface of the second sorting table and discharging ports facing the tail end of the second sorting table, the light garbage secondary sorting mechanism comprises a flat laying table and a fourth vibrating mechanism driving the flat laying table to vibrate, the tail end of the flat laying table is provided with a dropping port for the light garbage, the rear of the falling port is provided with a light garbage collecting bin, a blowing port is arranged below the tail end of the flat laying table, and the blowing direction of the blowing port faces towards the light garbage collecting bin.

2. The dry-type classification and separation method for construction wastes according to claim 1, wherein the feeding and fine waste separation step comprises

Collecting fine garbage: the fine garbage separating mechanism comprises a plurality of filter cells arranged at the tail end of the vibrating feeder, fine garbage moving to the tail end of the vibrating feeder enters a collecting cavity below the filter cells from the filter cells, then falls onto a fine garbage conveying belt, and is conveyed to a fine garbage collecting bin through the fine garbage conveying belt.

3. The dry-type classification and separation method for construction waste as claimed in claim 2, wherein the fine waste collection step comprises

A fine metal garbage separation step: tiny rubbish that gets into the collection chamber is held by the electro-magnet through the electro-magnet, and other rubbish fall into tiny rubbish conveyer belt from the collection chamber, and after waiting to collect the tiny metal rubbish of a certain weight, vibrating feeder stop work opens the opening and closing mouth, and the electro-magnet outage, tiny metal rubbish is discharged from opening and closing the mouth, and opening and closing mouth is closed, and vibrating feeder continues to work.

4. The dry-type classification and separation method for construction waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soft light waste separation step comprises a primary separation step:

the size of the pretreated garbage is smaller than 500mm, a first sorting table of a first sorting mechanism is driven by a second vibrating mechanism to vibrate and disperse the garbage on the first sorting table, a plurality of first separating belts on the surface of the first sorting table separate the garbage, the distance between the adjacent first separating belts is larger than 500mm, the garbage jumps and advances between the adjacent first separating belts, the flaky garbage is blocked by the first separating belts and advances along the first separating belts, the flaky garbage goes to a first outlet, the spherical garbage jumps the first separating belts and advances linearly, and the spherical garbage goes to a second outlet.

5. The dry-type classification and separation method for construction waste as claimed in claim 4, wherein the soft light waste separation step comprises a hooking step: first sorting platform is with rubbish vibration separation, and evenly distributed is between the separation area, and the portion of getting a hook among the soft light rubbish grabbing device moves to first sorting platform top under the transmission of conveyer belt, and the soft light rubbish between the separation area is got to the hook, then leaves first sorting platform under the transmission of conveyer belt, and the soft light rubbish that the portion was got to the hook is unloaded through the manual work or discharge apparatus at the end of conveyer belt and is unloaded.

6. The dry-type classification and separation method for construction wastes according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the light and heavy waste separation step comprises the steps of:

the size of the garbage crushed in the crushing step is smaller than 200mm, the crushed garbage is conveyed by a second conveying belt and falls on a second sorting table, the second sorting table of a second sorting mechanism is driven by a third vibrating mechanism to vibrate and disperse the garbage on the second sorting table, a plurality of second separating belts on the surface of the second sorting table separate the garbage, the distance between every two adjacent second separating belts is larger than 200mm, the garbage jumps between every two adjacent second separating belts and advances, the flaky light garbage is blocked by the second separating belts and advances along the second separating belts and is gathered at a light garbage outlet, the heavy garbage is close to a spherical shape after being crushed, and the second separating belts jump to advance linearly and move to a discharge port.

7. The dry-type classification and separation method for construction waste as claimed in claim 6, wherein the light and heavy waste separation step comprises a light waste secondary separation step:

slice light rubbish gets into light rubbish secondary letter sorting mechanism from the light rubbish export, fall on the tiling bench, the tiling bench vibrates under fourth vibration mechanism's effect, make the light rubbish of slice tiling at the tiling bench, drop from the terminal mouth that drops of tiling bench in proper order, then blow to light rubbish collection bin by the mouth of blowing of the mouth below that drops, different weight, the light rubbish of different shapes is different by the motion orbit of blowing, the motion orbit is short to be blockked the whereabouts by the baffle of the take the altitude that light rubbish collection bin middle part set up, the long baffle of crossing of motion orbit is concentrated in light rubbish collection bin inboard.

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