CN108602007A - 通过净化来自非危险废物储存设施的生物气生产生物甲烷的方法和实施这种方法的设施 - Google Patents

通过净化来自非危险废物储存设施的生物气生产生物甲烷的方法和实施这种方法的设施 Download PDF

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CN108602007A
CN108602007A CN201680079846.6A CN201680079846A CN108602007A CN 108602007 A CN108602007 A CN 108602007A CN 201680079846 A CN201680079846 A CN 201680079846A CN 108602007 A CN108602007 A CN 108602007A
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adsorbent
absorber
air
flow
voc
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古涅·普林斯
马修·列斐伏尔
皮埃尔·布里安
尼古拉斯·佩吉特
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Watts Energy Co
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Watts Energy Co
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Abstract

一种通过净化来自非危险废物储存设施的生物气来生产生物甲烷的方法，其涉及：‑压缩初始气流，‑将待净化的气体流引入至少一个装有能够可逆地吸附VOC的吸附剂的吸附器中，‑使离开负载有能够可逆地吸附VOC的吸附剂的吸附器的VOC贫化气流经历至少一个膜分离步骤，以便将CO2和O2与气流部分地分离，‑将膜分离步骤中的保留物引入至少一个装有能够可逆地吸附大部分剩余CO2的吸附剂的吸附器中，‑使离开装有能够可逆地吸附大部分剩余CO2的吸附剂的吸附器的CO2贫化气流在蒸馏塔中经受低温分离步骤，以便将O2和N2与气流分离，‑回收来自低温分离步骤的富含CH4的流体。本发明还涉及用于实现所述方法的设施。

Description

通过净化来自非危险废物储存设施的生物气生产生物甲烷的 方法和实施这种方法的设施
技术领域
本发明的主题是通过净化来自非危险废物储存设施(NHWSF)的生物气来生产生物甲烷的方法。它还涉及用于实施这种方法的设施。
更确切地说，本发明涉及一种通过将至少含有甲烷、二氧化碳、大气气体(氮气和氧气)和污染物(硫化氢(H2S)和挥发性有机化合物(VOC))的气流进行膜渗透和低温蒸馏进行结合的处理方法。目的是产生富含甲烷的气流，其甲烷含量满足其使用需求，并尽可能限制甲烷(CH4)在大气中的排放的影响(强烈的温室气体)。
本发明特别涉及净化来自非危险废物储存设施(下文称为NHWSF(非危险废物储存设施))的生物气，以生产符合注入天然气网络或局部用作车辆燃料的生物甲烷。
NHWSF中存在的有机废物的厌氧消化在NHWSF的整个运行寿命期间产生大量的生物气，甚至在停止运行和关闭NHWSF几年后产生。由于其主要成分-甲烷和二氧化碳-生物气是一种强大的温室气体；与此同时，在化石燃料枯竭的背景下，它也是一种可观的可再生能源。
生物气含有几种污染性化合物，必须进行净化以具有商业价值。有几种方法可以回收和净化生物气。
生物气主要含有可变比例的甲烷(CH4)和二氧化碳(CO2)，这取决于获得它的方法。在来自NHWSF的生物气的情况下，气体还含有一定比例的大气气体(氮气和氧气)，和较小程度的水、硫化氢和挥发性有机化合物(VOC)。
取决于降解的有机物质、所使用的技术和每种NHWSF的特定条件(气候、类型等)，生物气组分的比例不同。然而，平均而言，生物气包括基于干燥气体计30％至60％的甲烷，15％至50％的二氧化碳，0％至30％的氮气，0％至6％的氧气，0％至1％的硫化氢和每立方米几十到几千毫克的挥发性有机化合物和痕量的一些其他杂质。
生物气以不同方式升级。在部分处理后，它可以在生产现场附近升级，以提供热量、电力或两者的组合(热电联产)。显著的二氧化碳含量降低了其发热量，增加了压缩和运输的成本，并限制了其开发用于附近使用的经济利益。
生物气的进一步净化使其能够得到更广泛的应用。特别是，生物气的显著净化使得能够以天然气的规格获得净化的生物气并且可以替代它。以这种方式净化的生物气被称为“生物甲烷”。因此，生物甲烷增加了天然气资源，区域上产生可再生部分。它可以用于与化石燃料来源的天然气完全相同的目的。它可以提供天然气网络或车辆加油站。它也可以液化以液化天然气(LNG)的形式储存和运输。
根据当地情况确定回收生物甲烷的方法：当地能源需求，开发作为生物甲烷燃料的可能性，特别是附近天然气分配或运输网络的存在。在一个地区(农民、制造商、公共机构)运作的各利益相关者之间建立协同作用，生物甲烷的生产有助于地区获得更大的能源独立性。
应该指出的是，根据国家的不同，环境法规通常会对大气排放施加限制。确实有必要实施能够限制生物气中所含温室气体(CH4)和污染物(H2S和VOC)影响的技术。因此，重要的是具有高产率的CH4(根据重量相当于基于生物气中包含的CH4的量计回收的CH4的量)，并提供避免大气排放的用于H2S和VOC的处理系统。
此外，另外一个问题仍然是O2的存在，O2在混合物分离过程中会在各种浓缩阶段产生爆炸性气氛。这种产生爆炸性混合物的风险使得垃圾填埋生物气特别难以以安全和经济的方式净化。
文献US 8 221 524 B2描述了通过各种循环步骤将气体中的CH4富集至88％的方法。该方法包括压缩气流，然后将其通过吸附剂以除去VOC。然后将气流进行膜分离步骤，然后进行变压吸附(PSA)步骤。PSA中使用的吸附剂是CMS(碳分子筛)类型，能够除去N2和少量的O2。
文献EP1979446描述了一种生物气净化方法，其包括去除H2S，压缩气体，并过滤以除去颗粒。然后将气体进行膜分离步骤以除去CO2和O2，通过PSA进行干燥然后进入各种过滤器，然后最后再次进入PSA以除去N2。气体最终被液化。
文献US2004/0103782描述了一种生物气净化方法，其包括去除H2S，压缩气体，过滤气体以去除颗粒，使其经受变压吸附(PSA)步骤以去除VOC，然后进行膜分离以去除大部分CO2以及一部分O2。
文献US5486227描述了用于气体混合物的净化和液化方法，其包括使流体进行变温吸附(TSA)以显著除去H2S，然后进行变压吸附(PSA)以显著除去CO2，然后最终进行低温分离以除去氮气并仅保留甲烷。
文献US5964923和US5669958描述了一种气态流出物的处理方法，该方法包括使气体脱水，使气体通过交换器将其冷凝，使气体进行膜分离，然后进行低温分离。
文献US2010/077796描述了一种净化方法，其包括使气流进行膜分离，在蒸馏塔中处理渗透物，然后在蒸发后将来自塔的甲烷气体与在膜分离结束时获得的保留物混合。
文献US3989478和FR2917489描述了用于净化富含甲烷的流体的低温系统。在液化步骤之前，这两个系统使用PSA去除CO2。在文献US3989478中，PSA的再生通过在蒸馏塔顶部收集的富氮馏出物进行。在文献FR2917489中，PSA的再生通过在蒸馏塔底部抽取的液体甲烷进行。
文献EP0772665描述了使用低温蒸馏塔分离主要由CH4、CO2和N2组成的矿井瓦斯。
文献WO2013/052325A1描述了一种生产甲烷的方法，其结合使用PSA的VOC净化步骤，然后使用TSA进行CO2分离步骤，最后进行低温蒸馏步骤以使O2和N2能够被除去。所述的膜分离是能够除去CO2并从而取代TSA的膜分离。它不能除去O2，因此不能解决蒸馏塔中爆炸性的问题。
文献WO2011/097162A1描述了一种含有至少三个步骤的用于生产生物甲烷的方法，其使用PSA去除VOC，使用膜去除CO2和使用TSA去除残留的CO2。TSA之后是液化装置。没有提供O2的净化，特别是因为净化的气体在液化单元中直接处理。
文献FR 2971331 A1描述了使用低温蒸馏将大气气体与甲烷分离并因此降低与氧气存在相关的风险的可能性。
所引用的文献均未解决提供生物甲烷而没有与O2相关的风险的问题，其中甲烷浓度大于95％，CO2浓度小于2.5％且甲烷产率大于85％。
本发明提出要解决的问题是提供一种鉴于上述限制的净化生物气的方法，即一种安全、具有最佳产量的方法，产生可替代天然气的高质量生物甲烷，尊重与污染性化合物(如VOC)和具有强烈温室效应的化合物(如CH4)的破坏显著有关的环境标准。由此产生的气体可以以液体或气体形式升级，或者注入气体网络或者用于移动应用。
为了解决这个问题，申请人已经结合了4种技术，分别是通过PSA净化VOC，通过膜分离的第一次CO2和O2净化步骤，通过PTSA的第二次CO2净化步骤，最后是通过低温分离的N2和O2净化步骤。
更确切地说，本发明的主题是通过净化来自非危险废物储存设施(NHWSF)的生物气来生产生物甲烷的方法，其中：
-压缩初始气流，
-将待净化的气流引入至少一个吸附器，有利地是负载有能够可逆地吸附VOC的吸附剂的变压吸附器(PSA)，
-离开PSA的VOC贫化的气流进行至少一次膜分离，以使CO2和O2与气流部分地分离，
-将来自膜分离的保留物引入至少一个吸附器，有利地是负载有能够可逆地吸附大部分剩余CO2的吸附剂的变压变温吸附器(PTSA)，
-离开PTSA的CO2贫化气流在蒸馏塔中进行低温分离，以将O2和N2与气流分离，
-收集来自低温分离的富含CH4的流体。
根据本发明的替代方案和在说明书的其余部分中，PTSA可以由在真空或减压下除去而再生的吸附器代替。
在优选的实施方案中，通过来自第一膜分离的渗透物使PSA再生。同样，通过来自低温分离的富含CH4的流体或富含N2的馏出物使PTSA再生。来自第二次膜分离的渗透物在任选地将其与来自低温分离的富氮馏出物混合后被氧化。
有利地，在压缩之前，将待净化的气体干燥，然后进行脱硫步骤。
干燥步骤包括将气体加压至20至几百百帕(hectopascals)(500hPa(从20至几百毫巴(500mbar))相对最大值)，进一步防止空气进入管道。加压使得能够通过将生物气冷却至0.1至10℃之间来进行初步干燥，以冷凝水蒸气。因此，离开的气流具有20至500hPa(在20至500mbar之间)的压力和在出口压力下0.1℃至10℃之间的露点。
脱硫步骤能够捕获H2S，以满足网络的质量要求，并避免在该过程的其余部分中材料过快降解。此外，重要的是具有捕获步骤，其以稳定的形式(例如固体硫)固定H2S，以避免任何对健康或环境有害的排放(嗅觉损害，SOx的形成)。该处理优选用活性炭或铁氢氧化物在容器中进行，所述容器的大小适合于待处理的H2S的量。因此，H2S转化为固体硫。离开的气流实际上含有少于5mg/Nm3的H2S。
根据该方法，然后压缩待处理的气体。压缩在0.8至2.4兆帕(8至24巴)之间的压力下进行。该压力对于使后续步骤能够进行并减小设备尺寸是必要的。压缩有利地通过润滑的螺杆压缩机进行。使用这种类型的压缩机可以任选地在油冷却回路上收集热量。在优选的实施方案中并且如在本文的其余部分中将看到的，收集热量以加热将用于再生PTSA的气体。
下一步包括净化来自VOC的气流。为此，将待净化的气流通过至少一个变压吸附器(PSA)，该吸附器负载有能够可逆地吸附VOC的吸附剂。该步骤使得生物气能够从VOC(轻质烃、硫醇、硅氧烷等)中净化，这与网络的质量要求不相容，并且有可能污染下一步的净化(特别是膜)。
有利地，使用两个PSA以便能够连续地实施该过程。实际上，当第一PSA用VOC饱和时，它被自身先前已经被再生的第二PSA取代。
优选地，通过来自膜分离的渗透物使PSA再生。该渗透物主要由CO2组成，并且具有非常低的CH4含量。实际上，再生出口处的气流被氧化。在一个有利的实施方案中，将其与来自低温分离的富含N2的馏出物预先混合，然后混合物被氧化。或者，PSA再生出口处的气流和来自低温分离的富含N2的馏出物分别被氧化。
在本发明方法的下一步骤中，从气流中除去CO2。为此，离开PSA的VOC贫化气流经受至少一次膜分离，以使CO2和O2与气流部分地分离。更确切地说，选择性膜分离使得能够通过分离大部分CO2(超过90％)以及一些O2(约50％，通常至少30％，有利地在30％至70％之间)来进行生物气的第一次有效净化。相对于CO2和O2的膜分离性能将取决于膜相对于这些气体的渗透性。本领域技术人员将能够选择满足上述目的的膜。特别是，有利地，将选择聚酰亚胺膜。根据生物气的特性，膜净化可以由1、2、3或4个膜阶段组成。该步骤使得能够生产具有小于3％CO2且CH4产率大于90％的气体。
在一个具体实施方案中，进行两次连续的膜分离。更具体地说：
-离开PSA的VOC贫化气流进行第一次膜分离，
-通过来自所述第一次膜分离的渗透物使所述PSA再生，
-来自第一次分离的保留物进行第二次膜分离，
-来自第二次膜分离的渗透物在压缩的上游重新引入。
将来自第二次膜分离并仍然含有CO2和CH4的渗透物再循环因此提高了CH4的产率。在实践中，渗透物重新引入脱硫容器和压缩机之间。
本发明方法中的下一步包括对仍存在于气流中的CO2进行另外的净化。实际上，单独的膜分离不足以在低温分离步骤之前达到净化气体中50ppm的CO2含量。50ppm的值构成极限值，高于该极限值存在形成CO2晶体的风险，这可能阻塞低温交换剂。
该步骤由PTSA执行。PTSA的选择使得容器的尺寸和循环时间减少。
吸附剂特别选自包含沸石的组。
有利地，使用2个PTSA以便能够连续地实施该过程。实际上，当第一个PTSA被CO2饱和时，它被本身已经被先前再生的第二个PTSA取代。
再生PTSA的方式取决于最终富含甲烷的升级产品的液态或气态性质。
当该方法旨在升级液体形式的甲烷时，可以借助于由外部液氮源蒸发产生的氮气流使PTSA再生。在这种情况下，蒸汽通过将离开PTSA的CO2贫化气流冷却而产生。该实施方案虽然能够实施，但并不是最佳的，因为它需要额外的液氮源。
当该方法旨在产生气态甲烷时，该方法具有额外的兴趣。在这些条件下：
-来自低温分离的富含CH4的流体被蒸发，
-使用蒸发的富含CH4的气流再生PTSA。
无论是在生产液态甲烷还是气态甲烷的范围内，另一种替代方案包括通过来自低温分离的富含N2的馏出物使PTSA再生，其中该馏出物可以与用于通过来自外部源的液氮的蒸发冷却塔顶部的蒸发的氮气混合。
有利地，收集通过压缩初始气流产生的热量以预热用于再生PTSA的气流。因此，预热使得气流的温度能够增加30至40℃，达到80至90℃的值。
因此，PTSA再生流可以是来自低温分离的蒸发的富含CH4的气流或富含N2的馏出物，后者任选地在塔中与用于冷却塔顶部的蒸发的氮气混合。
PTSA的尺寸设计为避免生产的生物甲烷含有超过2.5％CO2，以保证符合商业化要求的质量。
本发明方法的下一步包括分离氮气和O2，然后收集由该分离产生的富含CH4的流体。为此，离开PTSA的CO2贫化气流在蒸馏塔中进行低温分离。
在第一个实施方案中，最终产物，即富含甲烷的流体，以液态收集。
在这些条件下：
-CO2贫化的气流被冷却，
-冷却的流体被送到蒸馏塔，
-将富含甲烷的液体从蒸馏塔中抽出。
流体在热交换器内冷却，例如与外部液氮源接触。
在第二个实施方案中，最终产物，即富含甲烷的流体，以气态收集。
在这些条件下：
-通过与蒸馏塔抽出的液体CH4进行热交换来冷却CO2贫化气流，
-所得的冷却的气流被送到蒸馏塔，
-将富含甲烷的液体从蒸馏塔中抽出，
-通过与来自PTSA的CO2贫化气流进行热交换而蒸发富含甲烷的液体。
本发明的另一主题是实施上述方法的通过净化来自非危险废物储存设施(NHWSF)的生物气来生产生物甲烷的设施。
在一个特别的实施方案中，所述设备包括：
-生物气源，
-能够将生物气压缩至0.8和2.4兆帕斯卡(8和24巴)的压力的压缩机，
-2个吸附器，有利地是负载有能够可逆地吸附VOC的吸附剂的PSA，
-2个分离膜级(stages)，其能够将CO2和O2与气流部分地分离，
-2个吸附器，有利地是负载有能够可逆地吸附残留在气流中的大部分CO2的吸附剂的PTSA，
-能够冷却CO2贫化气流的热交换器，
-蒸馏塔。
构成设施的元件借助于适当的管道系统流体连通。
从附图1支持的以下实施例中，本发明和由此产生的益处将变得清楚。
图1是根据具体实施方案的本发明设施的示意图。
根据该具体实施方案，本发明的方法旨在生产气态生物甲烷，同时尽可能地优化能量消耗。
该设施包括待处理的生物气源(1)，干燥单元(2)，脱硫单元(3)，压缩单元(4)，VOC净化单元(5)，第一CO2净化单元(6)，第二CO2净化单元(7)，低温蒸馏单元(8)，液氮储存单元(9)，氧化单元(10)，最后是甲烷气体回收单元(11)。所有设备通过管道彼此连接。
干燥单元(2)包括压缩机(12)、热交换器(13)和分离罐(14)。如已经提到的，该步骤使得气体能够被加压从2千至几万帕(500hPa(从20毫巴至几百毫巴(500mbar)相对最大值)。将气体冷却至0.1至10℃之间使其能够被干燥。因此，离开的气流(15)具有20至500hPa(在20至500mbar之间)的压力和在出口压力下0.1℃至10℃之间的露点。
脱硫单元(3)是装有活性炭或铁氢氧化物的罐(16)的形式。该装置可以捕获H2S并将其转化为固体硫。离开的气体流(17)实际上含有少于5mg/Nm3的H2S。
压缩单元(4)是润滑的螺杆压缩机(18)的形式。该压缩机将气流(17)压缩在0.8至2.4兆帕(8至24巴)之间的压力。该单元还包括用于回收通过油冷却回路产生的热量的模块(19)。离开的流体在图1中通过附图标记(20)示出。
VOC净化单元(5)包括2个PSA(21,22)。它们负载有专门选择的吸附剂，以吸附VOC，并在再生过程中进行后期解吸。PSA在交替生产和再生模式下起作用。
在生产模式中，PSA(21,22)在其下部供应气流。气流(20)在其中循环的管道分成两个管道(23,24)，每个管道配备有阀门(25,26)并分别供应第一PSA(21)和第二PSA(22)的下部。阀门(25,26)将根据PSA的饱和水平交替关闭。在实践中，当第一PSA用VOC饱和时，关闭阀门(25)并打开阀门(26)以开始负载第二PSA(22)。从每个PSA的上部分别引出管道(27和28)。它们中的每一个分别分成2个管道(29,30)和(30,31)。来自第一PSA的VOC净化流体在管道(29)中循环，而来自第二PSA的VOC净化流体在管道(31)中循环。两个管道连接以形成供应CO2净化单元(6)的单个管道(51)。
在再生模式中，再生气体在管道(30,32)中循环。它出现在PSA的下部。因此，配备有阀门(35)的管道(33)从第一PSA(21)引出。配备有阀门(36)的管道(34)从第二PSA(22)引出。管道(33,34)连接在阀门(35,36)的上游，以形成共同管道(37)。该管道连接到氧化单元(10)。
第一CO2净化单元(6)结合了两个膜分离阶段(38,39)。选择膜以使得能够分离约90％的CO2和约50％的O2。
来自第一次膜分离的负载有CO2、O2和非常小比例的CH4的渗透物用于再生PSA(21,22)。它根据PSA的操作模式在管道(40)中循环，然后交替地在管道(30,32)中循环。然后将来自第一次分离的保留物导向第二次膜分离(39)。来自第二次膜分离的渗透物借助于连接到压缩机(18)上游的主回路的管道再循环。该步骤使得能够生产具有小于3％CO2且CH4产率大于90％的气体(42)。
第二CO2净化单元(7)组合了2个PTSA(43,44)。它们负载有沸石类型的吸附剂。它们各自根据与先前针对PSA所描述的模型相同的模型连接到管道。它们还根据生产模式或再生模式运行。在生产模式中，气流(42)借助于分别配备有阀(47,48)的管道(45,46)交替地供应PTSA(43,44)。来自PTSA(43)的CO2净化气流然后在管道(49)中循环。来自PTSA(44)的CO2净化气流然后在管道(50)中循环。两个管道(49,50)连接到与下一个单元连接的单个管道(52)。
在再生模式中，再生气体在管道(53,54)中循环。它出现在PTSA的下部。因此，配备有阀门(56)的管道(55)从第一PTSA(43)引出。配备有阀门(58)的管道(57)从第二PTSA(44)引出。管道(55,57)连接在阀门(56,58)的上游，以形成共同管道(59)。该管道连接到甲烷气体回收单元(11)。
冷却蒸馏单元(8)通过管道(52)供给，待净化的气体在管道(52)中循环。它包含3种元素：热交换器(60)、再沸器(61)、蒸馏塔(62)。
交换器(60)是铝或不锈钢钎焊板交换器。它通过与从蒸馏塔(62)抽出的液态甲烷(69)流体进行热交换来冷却气流(52)。气流(52)部分液化(63)。两相流体(63)确保了塔(62)的容器再沸器(61)的再沸腾，并且产生的热量(64)被转移到塔容器(62)。流体(63)在再沸器(61)中冷却并部分冷凝(65)。部分冷凝的流体(65)借助于阀(66)保持在0.11和0.5兆帕(1.1至5巴)之间的绝对压力下。然后处于液态的流体(67)被送到塔(62)顶部。温度必须大于90.7K，以避免甲烷凝固。
然后液体(67)在塔(62)中分离，以借助于冷凝器(71)形成气体(68)。通过用来自外部源(9)的液氮负载来确保冷凝器(71)的冷却。液氮转化为蒸发的氮气(72)。气体(68)在与来自PTSA(43,44)的气流(52)接触时在交换器(60)中产生其冷能。将得到的载有CO2和O2的气流(70)送至氧化单元(10)。在所示的实施方案中，气流(70)在共同的氧化单元(10)中被氧化，其中流体(37)由PSA的再生产生，载有CO2、O2和VOC。或者，氧化在分开的单元中进行。
在未示出的另一个实施方案中，将来自低温分离的富含N2的馏出物(68)与用于冷却塔(62)顶部的蒸发的氮气(72)混合以再生PTSA。
来自蒸馏塔容器(62)的液体(69)被送到再沸器(61)，在那里它被部分蒸发。形成的气体(64)被送到塔容器(62)。剩余的液体(69)在交换器(60)中蒸发，形成纯甲烷气体(73)。
在所示的实施方案中，气流(73)用于再生PTSA(43,44)。由于压缩机(18)的油冷却回路产生的热量，流体(73)被进一步预热，所述热量借助于管道(74)从模块(19)传递。
根据所示的方法，在再生PTSA之后收集气态甲烷。
可以设想该方法的其他替代方案，特别是旨在直接从蒸馏塔收集液态甲烷的方法。

Claims (17)

1.一种通过净化来自非危险废物储存设施(NHWSF)的生物气来生产生物甲烷的方法，据此：
-压缩初始气流，
-将待净化的气流引入至少一个吸附器，所述吸附器负载有能够可逆地吸附VOC的吸附剂，
-离开负载有能够可逆地吸附VOC的吸附剂的吸附器的VOC贫化气流进行至少一次膜分离，以使CO2和O2与气流部分地分离，
-将来自膜分离的保留物引入至少一个吸附器，所述吸附器负载有能够可逆地吸附大部分剩余CO2的吸附剂，
-离开负载有能够可逆地吸附大部分剩余CO2的吸附剂的吸附器的CO2贫化气流在蒸馏塔中进行低温分离，以将O2和N2与气流分离，
-收集来自低温分离的富含CH4的流体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中借助于来自膜分离的渗透物使PSA再生。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中所述膜分离能够从气流中分离超过90％的CO2和至少30％的O2。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中：
-离开负载有能够可逆地吸附VOC的吸附剂的吸附器的VOC贫化气流进行第一次膜分离，
-借助于来自所述第一次膜分离的渗透物使负载有能够可逆地吸附VOC的吸附剂的吸附器再生，
-来自第一次分离的保留物进行第二次膜分离，
-来自第二次膜分离的渗透物在压缩的上游重新引入。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中：
-蒸发来自低温分离的富含CH4的流体，
-借助于蒸发的富含CH4的气流使负载有能够可逆地吸附大部分剩余CO2的吸附剂的吸附器再生。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中负载有能够可逆地吸附大部分剩余CO2的吸附剂的吸附器用来自低温分离的富含N2的馏出物再生。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中通过来自外部源的液氮的蒸发来保持所述蒸馏塔顶部冷却。
8.根据权利要求6和7所述的方法，其中在塔中，来自低温分离的富含N2的馏出物与用于冷却塔顶部的蒸发的氮气混合，然后负载有能够可逆地吸附大部分剩余CO2的吸附剂的吸附器用所述混合物再生。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法，其中来自负载有能够可逆地吸附VOC的吸附剂的吸附器再生的气流被氧化。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法，其中来自所述低温分离的富含N2的馏出物被氧化。
11.根据权利要求9和10所述的方法，其中所述2种气流在氧化之前混合。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的方法，其中收集通过压缩初始气流产生的热量，以将用于再生负载有能够可逆地吸附大部分剩余CO2的吸附剂的吸附器的气流预热。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中所述压缩步骤之前是脱硫步骤。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中在所述脱硫步骤之前，干燥所述气流。
15.一种实施根据前述权利要求之一的方法的用于通过净化来自非危险废物储存设施(NHWSF)的生物气来生产生物甲烷的设施。
16.一种通过净化来自非危险废物储存设施(NHWSF)的生物气来生产生物甲烷的设施，其连续地包括：
-生物气源(1)
-能够将生物气压缩至0.8和2.4兆帕斯卡(8和24巴)的压力的压缩机(18)，
-2个吸附器(21,22)，其负载有能够可逆地吸附VOC的吸附剂，
-2个分离膜级(38,39)，其能够将CO2和O2与气流部分地分离，
-2个吸附器(43,44)，其负载有能够可逆地吸附残留在气流中的大部分CO2的吸附剂，
-能够冷却CO2贫化气流的热交换器(60)，
-蒸馏塔(62)。
17.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法或设施，其中负载有能够可逆地吸附VOC的吸附剂的吸附器是变压吸附器(PSA)，并且其中所述负载有能够可逆地吸附大部分剩余CO2的吸附剂的吸附器是变压变温吸附器(PTSA)。
CN201680079846.6A 2015-12-24 2016-11-10 通过净化来自非危险废物储存设施的生物气生产生物甲烷的方法和实施这种方法的设施 Pending CN108602007A (zh)

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