CN108594076A - A kind of power distribution network power-off fault analysis method - Google Patents

A kind of power distribution network power-off fault analysis method Download PDF

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CN108594076A
CN108594076A CN201810402432.3A CN201810402432A CN108594076A CN 108594076 A CN108594076 A CN 108594076A CN 201810402432 A CN201810402432 A CN 201810402432A CN 108594076 A CN108594076 A CN 108594076A
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matrix
power
voltage
ant
user
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CN108594076B (en
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赵永生
秦浩
王宏刚
江和顺
甘得志
高方景
赵爱华
刘艳
李虹
张良
武文广
姜海辉
张先东
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BEIMING SOFTWARE Co Ltd
State Grid Anhui Electric Power Co Ltd
NARI Group Corp
NARI Nanjing Control System Co Ltd
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State Grid Anhui Electric Power Co Ltd
NARI Group Corp
NARI Nanjing Control System Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/081Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
    • G01R31/086Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/088Aspects of digital computing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
    • Y04S10/52Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Locating Faults (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种配电网停电故障研判方法,包括:筛选停电失压用户并获取所述停电失压用户的配电网拓扑;针对停电失压用户建立蚁群,根据配电网拓扑建立总体路径矩阵;对蚁群分布进行判断以确定蚁群搜索的子路径矩阵,以此作为子信息素矩阵;利用蚁群算法进行故障搜索,对蚁群中的所有蚂蚁进行路径搜索,并同步更新子信息素矩阵的元素数值;以所有蚂蚁均已判断为终止条件,子信息素矩阵中元素最大值即为停电故障点。本发明在不增加硬件投入成本的情况,提升了故障定位的速度和准确度,缩短了响应时间,降低了成本,提高了客户满意度和系统运行指标。

The invention discloses a method for researching and judging a power outage fault in a distribution network. Overall path matrix; judge the distribution of ant colony to determine the sub-path matrix of ant colony search, and use it as a sub-pheromone matrix; use ant colony algorithm to search for faults, search for paths for all ants in the ant colony, and update them synchronously The element value of the sub-pheromone matrix; all ants have been judged as the termination condition, and the maximum value of the element in the sub-pheromone matrix is the power failure point. The invention improves the speed and accuracy of fault location, shortens the response time, reduces the cost, and improves customer satisfaction and system operation indicators without increasing hardware investment cost.

Description

一种配电网停电故障研判方法A method for researching and judging power outage faults in distribution network

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种配电网停电故障研判方法,属于配电网技术领域。The invention relates to a method for researching and judging a power outage fault of a distribution network, and belongs to the technical field of distribution networks.

背景技术Background technique

自2009年智能电网提出以来,我国全面推进了智能配电网的建设,电网的自动化水平节节提升,同时用户对供电服务可靠性和供电服务质量提高了更高的要求,中低压电路的故障定位也成为了研究关注的热点。Since the introduction of the smart grid in 2009, my country has comprehensively promoted the construction of smart distribution networks, and the automation level of the grid has been continuously improved. At the same time, users have raised higher requirements for the reliability and quality of power supply services. Positioning has also become a hot spot of research attention.

长期以来,对于低压侧故障信息供电公司主要依据居民的报修电话,利用停电管理系统进行低压卧络故障处理,根据用户停电后打入的电话来预判跌落保险或开关的位置,对停电规模、人员力量、抢修计划进行分析,确定抢修优先级,计算现场所需工作力量,预估恢复时间,并管理现场工作。For a long time, for low-voltage side fault information, the power supply company has mainly used the repair calls of residents, used the power outage management system to handle low-voltage lying network faults, and predicted the location of the drop insurance or switch based on the calls made by users after the power outage. Analyze the personnel strength and emergency repair plan, determine the priority of emergency repair, calculate the work force required on site, estimate the recovery time, and manage the on-site work.

停电管理系统是配网管理系统子系统,控制室依靠此系统进行停电抢修的组织调度和下派工单。利用停电管理系统进行故障处理的方式存在如下不足:一是判断的准确度有待提高;二是效率低;三是用时长,特别是现在工厂、楼宇以及居民小区等低压配电网使用了大量电线或电缆以实现低压电能配送,但低压用户众多,线路纷繁复杂,在线路发生故障后查找困难。The power outage management system is a subsystem of the distribution network management system. The control room relies on this system to organize and dispatch power outage repairs and dispatch work orders. The fault handling method using the power outage management system has the following shortcomings: first, the accuracy of judgment needs to be improved; Or cables to achieve low-voltage power distribution, but there are many low-voltage users and the lines are complicated, so it is difficult to find after the line fails.

当前配用电网已建设并已全面覆盖的用电信息采集系统(AMI)和电网地理信息系统(GIS),利用AMI系统和GIS系统将有助于配电网停电故障快速研判。At present, the power consumption information acquisition system (AMI) and grid geographic information system (GIS) have been constructed and fully covered in the distribution network. The use of the AMI system and GIS system will help the rapid analysis and judgment of power outages in the distribution network.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中的不足,提供一种配电网停电故障研判方法,解决现有技术中配电网停电故障点查找困难、效率低、用时长等技术问题。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a method for researching and judging the power outage fault of the distribution network, and solve the technical problems in the prior art such as difficulty in finding the fault point of the power outage in the distribution network, low efficiency, and long time consumption.

为解决上述技术问题,本发明所采用的技术方案是:1.一种配电网停电故障研判方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括如下步骤:In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: 1. A method for researching and judging a power outage fault in a distribution network, characterized in that, the method includes the following steps:

触发停电故障研判功能,确定召测目标范围;Trigger the function of power outage fault research and judgment, and determine the target range of calling and testing;

筛选停电失压用户并获取所述停电失压用户的配电网拓扑;Screen out power outage and voltage loss users and obtain the distribution network topology of the power outage and voltage loss users;

针对停电失压用户建立蚁群,根据配电网拓扑建立总体路径矩阵;Ant colonies are established for power outage and voltage loss users, and an overall path matrix is established according to the topology of the distribution network;

对蚁群分布进行判断以确定蚁群搜索的子路径矩阵,以此作为子信息素矩阵;Judging the ant colony distribution to determine the sub-path matrix of the ant colony search, which is used as the sub-pheromone matrix;

利用蚁群算法进行故障搜索,对蚁群中的所有蚂蚁进行路径搜索,并同步更新子信息素矩阵的元素数值;Use the ant colony algorithm to search for faults, search for paths for all ants in the ant colony, and update the element values of the sub-pheromone matrix synchronously;

以所有蚂蚁均已判断为终止条件,子信息素矩阵中元素最大值即为停电故障点。Assuming that all ants have been judged as the termination condition, the maximum value of elements in the sub-pheromone matrix is the power failure point.

进一步的,触发停电故障研判功能的方法包括:电压监测异常的自动触发和停电报警的主动触发。Further, the method for triggering the power failure fault research and judgment function includes: automatic triggering of abnormal voltage monitoring and active triggering of power failure alarm.

进一步的,所述电压监测异常的自动触发条件是:单个电表连续两次采集电压值为0V,或者同一时间2个用户以上的电压值为0V。Further, the automatic triggering condition of the voltage monitoring abnormality is: a single electric meter collects a voltage value of 0V for two consecutive times, or the voltage value of two or more users at the same time is 0V.

进一步的,所述停电报警的主动触发条件是:停电管理系统收到用户的停电报修电话。Further, the active triggering condition of the power outage alarm is: the power outage management system receives a power outage repair call from a user.

进一步的,确定召测目标范围的方法如下:Further, the method for determining the target scope of the survey is as follows:

步骤101)判断触发用户所在的10kV/400V低压变压器,直接召测所述低压变压器覆盖区域;Step 101) judge and trigger the 10kV/400V low-voltage transformer where the user is located, and directly call and measure the coverage area of the low-voltage transformer;

步骤102)每个分支箱处召测至少两个电表;Step 102) calling and measuring at least two electric meters at each branch box;

103)研判过程中,持续判断,若继续出现召测区域外的用户故障,则在新的区域内重复步骤101)和步骤102)。103) During the research and judgment process, continue to judge, and if user faults outside the call-and-test area continue to occur, repeat steps 101) and 102) in the new area.

进一步的,筛选停电失压用户的方法如下:Further, the method of screening power outage and voltage loss users is as follows:

利用AMI系统对用户电压数据进行判断:若用户电压为0,则将该用户判定为停电失压用户,进一步获取停电失压用户的资产编号、节点编号以及所在的配电网位置信息;如用户电压正常,则丢弃,对下一用户进行筛选判断。The AMI system is used to judge the user voltage data: if the user voltage is 0, the user is judged as a power failure and voltage loss user, and the asset number, node number, and distribution network location information of the power failure and voltage loss user are further obtained; If the voltage is normal, it is discarded, and the next user is screened and judged.

进一步的,获取停电失压用户配电网拓扑的方法如下:Further, the method to obtain the topology of the distribution network for power outage and voltage loss users is as follows:

通过与停电失压用户对接的GIS系统获取停电失压用户所在的配电网拓扑,包括:获取配电网的节点编号及用户节点标号。Obtain the distribution network topology where the power outage and voltage loss users are located through the GIS system connected with the power outage and voltage loss users, including: obtaining the node number of the distribution network and the user node label.

进一步的,建立蚁群的具体方法如下:Further, the specific method of establishing an ant colony is as follows:

根据停电失压用户所在位置进行分类聚集,分别形成包含关系的大小蚁群,从小到大分别是:同一分支线的小蚁群,同一低压母线的蚁群,同一中压馈线蚁群和统一中压母线蚁群。According to the location of power outage and voltage loss users, they are classified and aggregated to form large and small ant colonies with containment relations. From small to large, they are: small ant colonies of the same branch line, ant colonies of the same low-voltage busbar, ant colonies of the same medium-voltage feeder line and unified central Press the busbar ant colony.

进一步的,建立总体路径矩阵的具体方法如下:Further, the specific method of establishing the overall path matrix is as follows:

将10kV中压配电网和400V低压配电网节点分开编码;Code the nodes of the 10kV medium-voltage distribution network and the 400V low-voltage distribution network separately;

设总体路径矩阵为P,将总体路径矩阵P拆分为中压电网路径矩阵PH和低压电网路径矩阵PL,分别建立路径矩阵:Assuming that the overall path matrix is P, the overall path matrix P is split into the medium-voltage grid path matrix P H and the low-voltage grid path matrix P L , and the path matrices are respectively established:

构建中压电网路径矩阵PH,设节点总数为n个,横纵向均为所有节点按顺序排列,矩阵的元素分别表示两节点间的路径,元素下标均为该路径的两端节点编号:Construct the path matrix P H of the medium-voltage power grid, assuming that the total number of nodes is n, all nodes are arranged in order horizontally and vertically, and the elements of the matrix represent the path between two nodes, and the subscripts of the elements are the node numbers at both ends of the path :

构建低压电网路径矩阵PL,设节点总数为m个,横纵向均为所有节点按顺序排列,矩阵的元素分别表示两节点间的路径,元素下标均为该路径的两端节点编号:Construct the path matrix PL of the low-voltage power grid, assuming that the total number of nodes is m, and all nodes are arranged in order horizontally and vertically. The elements of the matrix represent the path between two nodes, and the element subscripts are the node numbers at both ends of the path:

进一步的,建立子信息素矩阵的方法如下:Further, the method of establishing the sub-pheromone matrix is as follows:

步骤201)判断蚁群的电压等级,若蚁群均为400V低压用户,则判断蚁群中所有蚁群是否在同一低压分支线:若是,则将研判范围追溯到该分支线的根节点,罗列根节点及下游节点的节点编号,在低压电网路径矩阵PL上形成子信息素矩阵,即实际研判的信息素矩阵PA,A为所要搜寻的故障点编号;否则,进入下一步;Step 201) Determine the voltage level of the ant colony. If all the ant colonies are 400V low-voltage users, then judge whether all the ant colonies in the ant colony are in the same low-voltage branch line: if so, trace the research and judgment range back to the root node of the branch line, and list The node numbers of the root node and downstream nodes form a sub-pheromone matrix on the path matrix PL of the low-voltage power grid, that is, the actually judged pheromone matrix P A , where A is the number of the fault point to be searched; otherwise, go to the next step;

步骤202)判断蚁群中所有蚁群是否在同一低压母线:若是,则将研判范围追溯到低压母线的根节点,罗列根节点及下游节点的节点编号,在低压电网路径矩阵PL上形成子信息素矩阵,即实际研判的信息素矩阵PB,B为所要搜寻的故障点编号;否则,进入下一步;Step 202) Judging whether all the ant colonies in the ant colony are in the same low-voltage busbar: if so, then trace the scope of research and judgment back to the root node of the low-voltage busbar, list the node numbers of the root node and downstream nodes, and form a child on the low-voltage grid path matrix PL Pheromone matrix, that is, the actual judged pheromone matrix P B , B is the number of the fault point to be searched; otherwise, go to the next step;

步骤203)判断蚁群中所有蚁群是否在同一中压馈线:若是,则将研判范围追溯到该馈线的根节点,罗列根节点及下游节点的节点编号,在中压电网路径矩阵PH和低压电网路径矩阵PL上形成子信息素矩阵,即实际研判的信息素矩阵PC,C为所要搜寻的故障点编号;否则,进入下一步;Step 203) Determine whether all the ant colonies in the ant colony are in the same medium-voltage feeder: if so, trace the scope of research and judgment back to the root node of the feeder, list the node numbers of the root node and downstream nodes, and enter them in the medium-voltage grid path matrix P H and low-voltage power grid path matrix PL to form a sub-pheromone matrix, that is, the actual judged pheromone matrix P C , C is the number of the fault point to be searched; otherwise, go to the next step;

步骤204)判断蚁群中所有蚁群是否在同一中压母线:若是,则将研判范围追溯到该母线的根节点,罗列根节点及下游节点的节点编号,在中压电网路径矩阵PH和低压电网路径矩阵PL上形成子信息素矩阵,即实际研判的信息素矩阵PD,D为所要搜寻的故障点编号;若否,进入更高一级配电网继续进行故障搜索研判;Step 204) Judging whether all the ant colonies in the ant colony are in the same medium-voltage busbar: if so, trace the scope of research and judgment back to the root node of the busbar, list the node numbers of the root node and downstream nodes, and enter the medium-voltage grid path matrix P H Form a sub-pheromone matrix with the path matrix PL of the low-voltage power grid, that is, the pheromone matrix PD for actual research and judgment, and D is the number of the fault point to be searched; if not, enter a higher-level distribution network to continue fault search and judgment;

若用户为10kV中压用户,则直接从步骤203)开始建立子信息素矩阵。If the user is a 10kV medium voltage user, the sub-pheromone matrix is established directly from step 203).

进一步的,利用蚁群算法进行故障搜索的方法如下:Further, the fault search method using the ant colony algorithm is as follows:

步骤301)信息素矩阵初始值均为0;Step 301) The initial values of the pheromone matrix are all 0;

步骤302)按照蚂蚁的编号搜索目标,每只蚂蚁的行走路径均为潮流的反方向,从蚂蚁初始位置行走至研判范围的根节点,行走过的路径均留下信息素,即信息素矩阵中的对应元素均+1;Step 302) Search for the target according to the number of the ant. The walking path of each ant is in the opposite direction of the trend. Walking from the initial position of the ant to the root node of the research and judgment range, all the walking paths leave pheromones, that is, in the pheromone matrix The corresponding elements of are all +1;

步骤303)以所有蚂蚁均已完成行走,作为终止条件的判断依据,设有k只蚂蚁用户,则进行k次信息素矩阵正迭代;Step 303) all ants have completed walking, as the judgment basis of the termination condition, if there are k ant users, then k times of pheromone matrix positive iterations are performed;

步骤304)统计信息素矩阵中各元素的数值,数值最大的为故障点所在位置;若结果中多个路径对应的元素值相等,则判断下游路径为故障位置。Step 304) Statistically count the values of each element in the pheromone matrix, and the one with the largest value is the location of the fault point; if the element values corresponding to multiple paths in the result are equal, then it is judged that the downstream path is the fault location.

与现有技术相比,本发明所达到的有益效果:基于当前配用电网已建设并已全面覆盖的用电信息采集系统(AMI)和电网地理信息系统(GIS),利用蚁群算法,进行中低压停电故障的快速定位方法研究,在不增加硬件投入成本的情况,提升了故障定位的速度和准确度,缩短了响应时间,降低了成本,提高了客户满意度和系统运行指标。Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are as follows: based on the electricity information acquisition system (AMI) and the grid geographic information system (GIS) that have been constructed and fully covered by the current power distribution grid, using the ant colony algorithm, Research on the rapid location method of medium and low voltage power outages, without increasing the cost of hardware investment, improves the speed and accuracy of fault location, shortens the response time, reduces costs, and improves customer satisfaction and system operation indicators.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明的流程图;Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;

图2是本发明中故障研判信息素矩阵的构建流程图;Fig. 2 is the construction flow diagram of fault research and judgment pheromone matrix in the present invention;

图3是本发明所适用的中低压配电网的网架拓扑图。Fig. 3 is a grid topological diagram of a medium and low voltage distribution network to which the present invention is applicable.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图对本发明作进一步描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案,而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention more clearly, but not to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

如图1所示,是本发明的流程图,本发明是以AMI系统的量测数据、用户信息,GIS系统提供的中低压配电网拓扑结构数据为基础,利用蚁群算法进行路径搜索和目标研判,包括:功能触发、初始数据准备、蚁群故障研判过程及故障信息通知转发四个环节。下面对于四个环节分别进行展开描述:As shown in Figure 1, it is a flow chart of the present invention. The present invention is based on the measurement data of the AMI system, user information, and the topology data of the medium and low voltage distribution network provided by the GIS system, and uses the ant colony algorithm to perform path search and Target research and judgment includes four links: function triggering, initial data preparation, ant colony fault research and judgment process, and fault information notification forwarding. The following is a description of the four links:

步骤一:功能触发:功能触发包括电压监测异常的自动触发和停电报警的主动触发。电压监测异常的自动触发为单个电表连续两次采集电压值为0V,或者同一时间2个用户以上的电压值为0V,即刻触发故障研判功能模块;停电报警的主动触发为停电管理系统收到用户的停电报修电话,则主动触发故障研判功能模块,寻找故障源。Step 1: Functional triggering: Functional triggering includes automatic triggering of abnormal voltage monitoring and active triggering of power failure alarms. The automatic triggering of abnormal voltage monitoring is that a single meter collects a voltage value of 0V twice consecutively, or the voltage value of more than two users at the same time is 0V, and immediately triggers the fault research and judgment function module; the active triggering of the power failure alarm is that the power failure management system receives the user If the power outage report calls for repairs, it will actively trigger the fault research and judgment function module to find the source of the fault.

步骤二:初始数据准备:停电故障研判模块触发之后进入初始数据准备环节,包括确定召测目标范围,利用AMI系统进行用户电压数据召测并筛选出停电失压用户,通过对接GIS系统获取召测目标范围的配电网拓扑结构。Step 2: Initial data preparation: After the power outage fault research and judgment module is triggered, it enters the initial data preparation process, including determining the target range of call-in and test, using the AMI system to conduct user voltage data call-up and screening out power outage and voltage-loss users, and obtaining call-in test by connecting with the GIS system Distribution network topology of the target range.

确定召测目标范围的方法如下:The method of determining the target range of the call for testing is as follows:

步骤101)判断触发用户所在的10kV/400V低压变压器,直接召测所述低压变压器覆盖区域;步骤102)每个分支箱处召测至少两个电表;103)研判过程中,持续判断,若继续出现召测区域外的用户故障,则在新的区域内重复步骤101)和步骤102)。Step 101) Judging and triggering the 10kV/400V low-voltage transformer where the user is located, directly calling and measuring the coverage area of the low-voltage transformer; Step 102) Calling and measuring at least two electric meters at each branch box; 103) During the research and judgment process, continue to judge, if continue If there is a user fault outside the calling and testing area, repeat step 101) and step 102) in the new area.

筛选停电失压用户的方法是:利用AMI系统对用户电压数据进行判断:若用户电压为0,则将该用户判定为停电失压用户,进一步获取停电失压用户的资产编号、节点编号以及所在的配电网位置信息;如用户电压正常,则丢弃,对下一用户进行筛选判断。The method of screening power outage and voltage loss users is: use AMI system to judge the user voltage data: if the user voltage is 0, then judge the user as a power outage and voltage loss user, and further obtain the asset number, node number and location of the power outage and voltage loss user The location information of the distribution network; if the user voltage is normal, it will be discarded, and the next user will be screened and judged.

通过对接GIS系统获取召测目标范围的配电网拓扑结构的方法是:通过与停电失压用户对接的GIS系统获取停电失压用户所在的配电网拓扑,包括:获取配电网的节点编号及用户节点标号。The method of obtaining the topology structure of the distribution network within the target scope of the survey by connecting with the GIS system is to obtain the topology of the distribution network where the users of the power failure and voltage loss are located through the GIS system connected with the users of the power failure and voltage loss, including: obtaining the node number of the distribution network and the user node label.

步骤三:蚁群故障研判过程:首先将停电失压用户建立蚁群,并根据配网拓扑建立总体路径矩阵,然后对蚁群分布进行判断以确定蚁群搜索的子路径矩阵,以此作为子信息素矩阵,接着开始利用蚁群算法进行故障搜索,对蚁群中的所有蚂蚁进行路径搜索,并同步更新信息素矩阵的元素数值,以所有蚂蚁均已判断为终止条件,信息素矩阵中元素最大值即为停电故障点。具体如下:Step 3: The process of ant colony fault research and judgment: firstly establish an ant colony for power failure and voltage loss users, and establish an overall path matrix according to the distribution network topology, then judge the ant colony distribution to determine the sub-path matrix for ant colony search, and use this as a sub-path matrix. The pheromone matrix, and then start to use the ant colony algorithm to search for faults, search for paths for all ants in the ant colony, and update the element values of the pheromone matrix synchronously. The maximum value is the power failure point. details as follows:

建立蚁群的具体方法为:The specific method of establishing an ant colony is as follows:

根据停电失压用户所在位置进行分类聚集,分别形成包含关系的大小蚁群,从小到大分别是:同一分支线的小蚁群,同一低压母线的蚁群,同一中压馈线蚁群和统一中压母线蚁群。According to the location of power outage and voltage loss users, they are classified and aggregated to form large and small ant colonies with containment relations. From small to large, they are: small ant colonies of the same branch line, ant colonies of the same low-voltage busbar, ant colonies of the same medium-voltage feeder line and unified central Press the busbar ant colony.

建立总体路径矩阵的具体方法为:The specific method of establishing the overall path matrix is as follows:

为减少矩阵的稀疏性,将10kV中压配电网和400V低压配电网节点分开编码;In order to reduce the sparsity of the matrix, the nodes of the 10kV medium-voltage distribution network and the 400V low-voltage distribution network are coded separately;

设总体路径矩阵为P,将总体路径矩阵P拆分为中压电网路径矩阵PH和低压电网路径矩阵PL,分别建立路径矩阵:Assuming that the overall path matrix is P, the overall path matrix P is split into the medium-voltage grid path matrix P H and the low-voltage grid path matrix P L , and the path matrices are respectively established:

构建中压电网路径矩阵PH,设节点总数为n个,横纵向均为所有节点按顺序排列,矩阵的元素分别表示两节点间的路径,元素下标均为该路径的两端节点编号:Construct the path matrix P H of the medium-voltage power grid, assuming that the total number of nodes is n, all nodes are arranged in order horizontally and vertically, and the elements of the matrix represent the path between two nodes, and the subscripts of the elements are the node numbers at both ends of the path :

构建低压电网路径矩阵PL,设节点总数为m个,横纵向均为所有节点按顺序排列,矩阵的元素分别表示两节点间的路径,元素下标均为该路径的两端节点编号:Construct the path matrix PL of the low-voltage power grid, assuming that the total number of nodes is m, and all nodes are arranged in order horizontally and vertically. The elements of the matrix represent the path between two nodes, and the element subscripts are the node numbers at both ends of the path:

如图2所示,是本发明中故障研判信息素矩阵的构建流程图,建立子信息素矩阵的方法为:As shown in Figure 2, it is the construction flowchart of the fault research and judgment pheromone matrix in the present invention, and the method for establishing the sub-pheromone matrix is:

步骤201)判断蚁群的电压等级,若蚁群均为400V低压用户,则判断蚁群中所有蚁群是否在同一低压分支线:若是,则将研判范围追溯到该分支线的根节点,罗列根节点及下游节点的节点编号,在低压电网路径矩阵PL上形成子信息素矩阵,即实际研判的信息素矩阵PA,A为所要搜寻的故障点编号;否则,进入下一步;Step 201) Determine the voltage level of the ant colony. If all the ant colonies are 400V low-voltage users, then judge whether all the ant colonies in the ant colony are in the same low-voltage branch line: if so, trace the research and judgment range back to the root node of the branch line, and list The node numbers of the root node and downstream nodes form a sub-pheromone matrix on the path matrix PL of the low-voltage power grid, that is, the actually judged pheromone matrix P A , where A is the number of the fault point to be searched; otherwise, go to the next step;

步骤202)判断蚁群中所有蚁群是否在同一低压母线:若是,则将研判范围追溯到低压母线的根节点,罗列根节点及下游节点的节点编号,在低压电网路径矩阵PL上形成子信息素矩阵,即实际研判的信息素矩阵PB,B为所要搜寻的故障点编号;否则,进入下一步;Step 202) Judging whether all the ant colonies in the ant colony are in the same low-voltage busbar: if so, then trace the scope of research and judgment back to the root node of the low-voltage busbar, list the node numbers of the root node and downstream nodes, and form a child on the low-voltage grid path matrix PL Pheromone matrix, that is, the actual judged pheromone matrix P B , B is the number of the fault point to be searched; otherwise, go to the next step;

步骤203)判断蚁群中所有蚁群是否在同一中压馈线:若是,则将研判范围追溯到该馈线的根节点,罗列根节点及下游节点的节点编号,在中压电网路径矩阵PH和低压电网路径矩阵PL上形成子信息素矩阵,即实际研判的信息素矩阵PC,C为所要搜寻的故障点编号;否则,进入下一步;Step 203) Determine whether all the ant colonies in the ant colony are in the same medium-voltage feeder: if so, trace the scope of research and judgment back to the root node of the feeder, list the node numbers of the root node and downstream nodes, and enter them in the medium-voltage grid path matrix P H and low-voltage power grid path matrix PL to form a sub-pheromone matrix, that is, the actual judged pheromone matrix P C , C is the number of the fault point to be searched; otherwise, go to the next step;

步骤204)判断蚁群中所有蚁群是否在同一中压母线:若是,则将研判范围追溯到该母线的根节点,罗列根节点及下游节点的节点编号,在中压电网路径矩阵PH和低压电网路径矩阵PL上形成子信息素矩阵,即实际研判的信息素矩阵PD,D为所要搜寻的故障点编号;若否,进入更高一级配电网继续进行故障搜索研判;Step 204) Judging whether all the ant colonies in the ant colony are in the same medium-voltage busbar: if so, trace the scope of research and judgment back to the root node of the busbar, list the node numbers of the root node and downstream nodes, and enter the medium-voltage grid path matrix P H Form a sub-pheromone matrix with the path matrix PL of the low-voltage power grid, that is, the pheromone matrix PD for actual research and judgment, and D is the number of the fault point to be searched; if not, enter a higher-level distribution network to continue fault search and judgment;

若用户为10kV中压用户,则直接从步骤203)开始建立子信息素矩阵。If the user is a 10kV medium voltage user, the sub-pheromone matrix is established directly from step 203).

利用蚁群算法进行故障搜索的方法为:The method of fault search using ant colony algorithm is as follows:

步骤301)信息素矩阵初始值均为0;Step 301) The initial values of the pheromone matrix are all 0;

步骤302)按照蚂蚁的编号搜索目标,每只蚂蚁的行走路径均为潮流的反方向,从蚂蚁初始位置行走至研判范围的根节点,行走过的路径均留下信息素,即信息素矩阵中的对应元素均+1;Step 302) Search for the target according to the number of the ant. The walking path of each ant is in the opposite direction of the trend. Walking from the initial position of the ant to the root node of the research and judgment range, all the walking paths leave pheromones, that is, in the pheromone matrix The corresponding elements of are all +1;

步骤303)以所有蚂蚁均已完成行走,作为终止条件的判断依据,设有k只蚂蚁用户,则进行k次信息素矩阵正迭代;Step 303) all ants have completed walking, as the judgment basis of the termination condition, if there are k ant users, then k times of pheromone matrix positive iterations are performed;

步骤304)统计信息素矩阵中各元素的数值,数值最大的为故障点所在位置;若结果中多个路径对应的元素值相等,则判断下游路径为故障位置。Step 304) Statistically count the values of each element in the pheromone matrix, and the one with the largest value is the location of the fault point; if the element values corresponding to multiple paths in the result are equal, then it is judged that the downstream path is the fault location.

以图3中的A处故障为例,信息素矩阵的构建步骤如下:Taking the fault at A in Figure 3 as an example, the construction steps of the pheromone matrix are as follows:

1)判断蚁群的电压等级,蚁群均为400V低压用户,开始判断蚁群中所有蚁群是否在同一低压分支线;1) Judge the voltage level of the ant colony. All the ant colonies are 400V low-voltage users, and start to judge whether all the ant colonies in the ant colony are in the same low-voltage branch line;

2)蚁群中所有蚁群是否在同一低压分支线,则将研判范围追溯到该分支线的根节点3,罗列根节点及下游节点的节点编号,共7个节点,在基础之上PL形成7*7的子信息素矩阵,即实际研判的信息素矩阵PA,A为所要搜寻的故障点编号;2) Whether all the ant colonies in the ant colony are in the same low-voltage branch line, the scope of research and judgment can be traced back to the root node 3 of the branch line, and the node numbers of the root node and downstream nodes are listed. There are 7 nodes in total, and PL is formed on the basis of 7*7 sub-pheromone matrix, that is, the actual researched and judged pheromone matrix P A , where A is the number of the fault point to be searched;

如蚂蚁用户15所走过的路径为:13-15,10-13,3-10,对应的信息素各自加1;For example, the path traveled by ant user 15 is: 13-15, 10-13, 3-10, and the corresponding pheromones are increased by 1;

以所有蚂蚁均已完成行走,作为终止条件的判断依据,所示故障处为4只蚂蚁用户,则进行4次信息素矩阵正迭代,结束之后,信息素矩阵为:All ants have completed walking as the basis for judging the termination condition. If there are 4 ant users at the fault location, perform 4 positive iterations of the pheromone matrix. After the end, the pheromone matrix is:

从上式信息素矩阵PA中可以看出,pa3-10与pa10-3相等,信息素均为4,这两个信息素实为表示同一路段,即节点3和节点10之间的线路,便可判断出故障位置在此。It can be seen from the above formula pheromone matrix P A that pa3-10 is equal to pa10-3, and both pheromones are 4. These two pheromones actually represent the same road section, that is, the line between node 3 and node 10. It can be judged that the fault location is here.

以图3中的B处故障为例,采用相同的方法进行构建,简要论述如下:Taking the fault at B in Figure 3 as an example, the same method is used to construct it, and the brief discussion is as follows:

1)判断蚁群的电压等级,若蚁群均为400V低压用户,则开始判断蚁群中所有蚁群是否在同一低压分支线;1) Judge the voltage level of the ant colony. If all the ant colonies are 400V low-voltage users, start to judge whether all the ant colonies in the ant colony are in the same low-voltage branch line;

2)判断同一中压馈线,研判范围追溯到馈线根节点6;2) Judging the same medium-voltage feeder, the scope of research and judgment can be traced back to the root node 6 of the feeder;

3)构建子信息素矩阵,研判范围包括中压节点4个,低压节点23个,所以中压子信息素矩阵为4*4矩阵,低压信息素矩阵为23*23矩阵;3) Construct the sub-pheromone matrix, and the research and judgment range includes 4 medium-voltage nodes and 23 low-voltage nodes, so the medium-voltage sub-pheromone matrix is a 4*4 matrix, and the low-voltage pheromone matrix is a 23*23 matrix;

4)共有12只蚂蚁用户,进行12次正向迭代,确定信息素矩阵中的各元素值;4) A total of 12 ant users perform 12 forward iterations to determine the value of each element in the pheromone matrix;

5)统计信息素矩阵各元素值,发现6-7和7-8路径对应的元素相等,均为12,则判断下游路径,即7-8为故障位置。5) Calculate the value of each element of the pheromone matrix, and find that the elements corresponding to the 6-7 and 7-8 paths are equal, both being 12, then judge the downstream path, that is, 7-8 is the fault location.

步骤四:故障信息通知转发:故障位置确定之后并通知转发停电管理系统以进行下一步的排查和复电。Step 4: Fault information notification and forwarding: After the fault location is determined, notify and forward the outage management system for the next step of investigation and power restoration.

本发明方法主要应用于中低压配电网,配电网结构为单电源供电的辐射状,潮流方向为单方向,中压为10kV,低压为400V,网络拓扑架构如图3所示。基于当前配用电网已建设并已全面覆盖的用电信息采集系统(AMI)和电网地理信息系统(GIS),利用蚁群算法,进行中低压停电故障的快速定位方法研究,在不增加硬件投入成本的情况,提升了故障定位的速度和准确度,缩短了响应时间,降低了成本,提高了客户满意度和系统运行指标。The method of the present invention is mainly applied to medium and low voltage distribution networks. The structure of the distribution network is radial with single power supply, the flow direction is unidirectional, the medium voltage is 10kV, and the low voltage is 400V. The network topology structure is shown in FIG. 3 . Based on the electricity information acquisition system (AMI) and grid geographic information system (GIS) that have been built and fully covered by the current distribution grid, the ant colony algorithm is used to conduct research on the rapid location method of medium and low voltage power outages without adding hardware The cost of investment has improved the speed and accuracy of fault location, shortened response time, reduced costs, and improved customer satisfaction and system operation indicators.

以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和变形,这些改进和变形也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made. It should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (11)

1. a kind of power distribution network power-off fault analysis method, which is characterized in that described method includes following steps:
Triggering power-off fault studies and judges function, and survey target zone is called in determination together;
Screening power failure decompression user and the distribution net topology for obtaining the power failure decompression user;
For power failure, decompression user establishes ant colony, and overall path matrix is established according to distribution net topology;
Ant colony distribution is judged to determine the subpath matrix of ant colony search, in this, as sub-information prime matrix;
Fault search is carried out using ant group algorithm, route searching, and synchronized update sub-information are carried out to all ants in ant colony The element numerical value of prime matrix;
End condition it has been judged as with all ants, element maximum value is power-off fault point in sub-information prime matrix.
2. power distribution network power-off fault analysis method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that triggering power-off fault studies and judges work( Can method include:The active triggering of the automatic trigger of voltage monitoring exception and the alarm that has a power failure.
3. power distribution network power-off fault analysis method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the voltage monitoring exception Automatic trigger condition is:Collection voltages value is voltage value more than 2 users of 0V or same time to single ammeter twice in succession For 0V.
4. power distribution network power-off fault analysis method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the active of the alarm that has a power failure Trigger condition is:Outage Management Systems receive the power failure repair call of user.
5. power distribution network power-off fault analysis method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that determine to call together and survey target zone Method is as follows:
Step 101) judges the 10kV/400V low-tension transformers where triggering user, directly calls together and surveys the low-tension transformer covering Region;
It is called together at each feeder pillar of step 102) and surveys at least two ammeters;
103) lasting to judge during studying and judging, if continuing to occur calling together the user malfunction surveyed outside region, repeated in new region Step 101) and step 102).
6. power distribution network power-off fault analysis method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that screening power failure decompression user's Method is as follows:
User's voltage data is judged using AMI systems:If user's voltage is 0, which is determined as power failure decompression User further obtains asset number, node serial number and the power distribution network at the place location information of power failure decompression user;Such as user Voltage is normal, then abandons, and screening judgement is carried out to next user.
7. power distribution network power-off fault analysis method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that obtain power failure decompression user and match The method of power network topology is as follows:
The distribution net topology where power failure decompression user is obtained by the generalized information system docked with power failure decompression user, including:It obtains The node serial number and user node label of power distribution network.
8. power distribution network power-off fault analysis method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that establish the specific method of ant colony It is as follows:
Grouped accumulation is carried out according to power failure decompression user position, is respectively formed the size ant colony of inclusion relation, from small to large It is respectively:Busbar ant is pressed in the small ant colony of same branch line, the ant colony of same low-voltage bus bar, same middle pressure feeder line ant colony and unification Group.
9. power distribution network power-off fault analysis method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that establish overall path matrix The specific method is as follows:
10kV medium voltage distribution networks and 400V low-voltage network nodes are encoded separately;
If overall path matrix is P, overall path matrix P is split as medium voltage network path matrix PHWith low voltage electric network path square Battle array PL, path matrix is established respectively:
Build medium voltage network path matrix PHIf node total number is n, transverse and longitudinal is that all nodes arrange in order, matrix Element indicates that the path between two nodes, element subscript are the both ends node serial number in the path respectively:
Build low voltage electric network path matrix PLIf node total number is m, transverse and longitudinal is that all nodes arrange in order, matrix Element indicates that the path between two nodes, element subscript are the both ends node serial number in the path respectively:
10. power distribution network power-off fault analysis method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that establish sub-information prime matrix Method it is as follows:
Step 201) judges the voltage class of ant colony, if ant colony is 400V low-voltage customers, judges that all ant colonies are in ant colony It is no in same low pressure branch line:If so, the root node that will study and judge range and trace back to the branch line, enumerates root node and downstream joint The node serial number of point, in low voltage electric network path matrix PLUpper formation sub-information prime matrix, i.e., the Pheromone Matrix P actually studied and judgedA, A For the fault point to be searched number;Otherwise, into next step;
Step 202) judges that whether all ant colonies are in same low-voltage bus bar in ant colony:If so, will study and judge range traces back to low pressure The root node of busbar enumerates the node serial number of root node and downstream node, in low voltage electric network path matrix PLUpper formation sub-information Prime matrix, i.e., the Pheromone Matrix P actually studied and judgedB, B is the fault point to be searched number;Otherwise, into next step;
Step 203) judges that whether all ant colonies are in same middle pressure feeder line in ant colony:If so, will study and judge range traces back to the feedback The root node of line enumerates the node serial number of root node and downstream node, in medium voltage network path matrix PHWith low voltage electric network path Matrix PLUpper formation sub-information prime matrix, i.e., the Pheromone Matrix P actually studied and judgedC, C is the fault point to be searched number;It is no Then, into next step;
Step 204) judges that whether all ant colonies are in same middle pressure busbar in ant colony:If so, will study and judge range traces back to the mother The root node of line enumerates the node serial number of root node and downstream node, in medium voltage network path matrix PHWith low voltage electric network path Matrix PLUpper formation sub-information prime matrix, i.e., the Pheromone Matrix P actually studied and judgedD, D is the fault point to be searched number;If It is no, continue fault search into higher level-one power distribution network and studies and judges;
If user is 10kV Middle Voltages, directly sub-information prime matrix is begun setting up from step 203).
11. power distribution network power-off fault analysis method according to claim 10, which is characterized in that carried out using ant group algorithm The method of fault search is as follows:
Step 301) Pheromone Matrix initial value is 0;
Step 302) searches for target according to the number of ant, and the walking path of every ant is the negative direction of trend, from ant Initial position runs to the root node for studying and judging range, and the path walked leaves pheromones, i.e. correspondence in Pheromone Matrix Element+1;
Walking is completed with all ants in step 303), as the basis for estimation of end condition, is equipped with k ant user, then Carry out the positive iteration of k Pheromone Matrix;
The numerical value of each element in step 304) statistical information prime matrix, maximum numerical value is fault point position;If in result The corresponding element value in multiple paths is equal, then judges path downstream for abort situation.
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